This compendium prepared by the Institute for Statistical Research and Economics of Knowledge of the National research university « graduate School economy”, the data reflecting the level and dynamics of the main indicators of education in the Russian Federation are presented. The collection contains information about organizations that carry out educational activities. Separate sections are devoted to assessing the educational achievements of students, the relationship of education with the labor market, financing of education, the composition of students, staff, learning conditions; international comparisons are presented.
Materials used in the publication Federal Service state statistics, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, the Federal Treasury, the database of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, as well as the own methodological and analytical developments of the HSE Institute for Statistical Research and Economics of Knowledge.
1. Educational potential of the population
1.1. Level of education of the population aged 15 and over
1.2. The population aged 15 and over with the lowest and highest level education by age group and gender
1.3. Level of education of the population aged 15 years and older by age group: 2010
1.4. The level of education of the city and rural population aged 15 and over
1.5. Average life expectancy of schooling for children aged 6 years
1.6. Graduation rates of specialists (skilled workers and employees) with vocational education
1.7. Participation of the population aged 15-24 in the educational process by gender: 2014
1.8. Intention of the population aged 15 - 24 to continue education: 2014
1.9. The intentions of students in general educational institutions continue education: 2014
1.10. Intentions of students in vocational education programs to continue their studies: 2014
1.11. Population Strategies for Further Education: 2014
1.12. Participation of the population aged 15 and over in additional education/training by age group: 2014
1.13. Participation of the population aged 15 and over in additional education/training according to the situation on the labor market: 2014
1.14. Participation of the population aged 15 and over in additional education/training by type of additional education/training: 2014
1.15. Participation of the population in continuing education
1.16. Participation of the population of Russia and European countries in continuing education by type
Methodological comments
2. Education and labor market
2.1. Employment and Unemployment Rates by Level of Education: 2014
2.2. Employed in the economy by level of education
2.3. Employment rate by level of education and age groups: 2014
2.4. Unemployed by level of education
2.5. Unemployment rate by level of education and age groups: 2014
2.6. Unemployment rate by level of education: gender differences, 2014
2.7. Average duration of unemployment by level of education
2.8. Long-term unemployment by education level and gender: 2014
2.9. The labor force participation rate of the population with higher education in specialties and areas of training for a diploma: 2014
2.10. The level of participation in the labor force of the population with secondary vocational education in training programs for mid-level specialists, by specialty according to the diploma: 2014
2.11. The level of participation in the labor force of the population with secondary vocational education in the training programs for skilled workers, employees, by profession according to the diploma: 2014
2.12. Labor force participation rate of graduates from vocational and higher education institutions in 2011-2013: 2014
2.13. Connection of the main job with the acquired profession (specialty) employed in the economy by the level of professional education: 2014
2.14. Average wages of workers by level of education and gender
2.15. The ratio of the average wages of employees by level of education
2.16. Average salary of employees by occupation groups and level of education: 2013
2.17. Release of skilled workers, employees with secondary vocational education ( Full-time training)
2.18. Graduation of bachelors, specialists, masters by state and municipal educational institutions of higher education (Full-time education)
2.19. The number of graduates of educational organizations registered with the authorities public service employment
Methodological comments
3. Funding education
3.1. Education spending
3.2. Education spending as a percentage of gross domestic product
3.3. Public spending on education by levels of the budget system
3.4. Dynamics of education spending
3.5. The share of expenditures on education in the total expenditures of the consolidated budget and the budgets of state non-budgetary funds
3.6. Public spending on education as a percentage of gross domestic product by individual levels of the budget system
3.7. Public spending on education by subsections of the classification of budget expenditures
3.8. Public spending on education as a percentage of gross domestic product by level of education
3.9. Public spending on education per student
3.10. Investments aimed at the development of education
3.11. The structure of investments in fixed assets aimed at the development of education, by sources of funding
3.12. Structure of investments in fixed capital aimed at the development of education, by types of ownership
3.13. Volume paid services education systems
3.14. Household spending on education services
3.15. Household Expenditure on Payments for Education Services by 10% Population Groups with Different Levels of Average Per Capita Monetary Income
3.16. Household Expenditures Related to Early Childhood Education
3.17. Structure of household expenditures related to preschool education
3.18. Household spending on education by type of educational institution
3.19. Structure of household expenditures related to education, by type of expenditure
3.20. The structure of funds of preschool educational institutions by sources of funding
3.21. The structure of funds of state and municipal educational institutions by types and sources of funding
3.22. Structure of Funds of Educational Institutions of Additional Education for Children by Funding Sources
3.23. Structure of Funds of Educational Institutions of Primary Vocational Education by Funding Sources
3.24. Structure of funds of educational institutions of secondary vocational education by sources of funding
3.25. Structure of Funds of Educational Institutions of Higher Professional Education by Funding Sources
3.26. Average consumer prices for certain types of services in the education system
3.27. Consumer price indices for certain types of services in the education system
3.28. The number of students under the programs of initial vocational education, admission to training under the programs of initial vocational education and the release of skilled workers and employees with initial vocational education by sources of funding
3.29. The number of students enrolled in secondary vocational education programs, the admission of students to study in secondary vocational education programs and the graduation of specialists with secondary vocational education by funding source
3.30. The number of students enrolled in higher professional education programs, the admission of students to study in higher professional education programs and the graduation of specialists with higher professional education by funding source
3.31. Average monthly nominal accrued wages of education workers
3.32. Real accrued wages of employees of organizations
3.33. Average monthly nominal accrued wages of education workers by forms of ownership of institutions
3.34. Average monthly nominal accrued wages of education workers by types of activity
3.35. Average monthly nominal accrued wages of education workers by types of activity as a percentage of wages in the economy as a whole
3.36. Average salary of teachers of state and municipal educational organizations
Methodological comments
4. The contingent of students
4.1. Dynamics of the number of students in individual educational programs
4.2. Number of pupils of organizations carrying out educational activities on educational programs before school education, supervision and care of children, and the number of children registered for determination in preschool educational organizations
4.3. Enrollment of children in pre-school education
4.4. The number of pupils of organizations engaged in educational activities in educational programs of preschool education, supervision and care of children, by groups: 2014
4.5. The number of pupils of organizations engaged in educational activities in educational programs of preschool education, childcare and childcare, by gender and age: 2014
4.6. Attendance of organizations carrying out educational activities on educational programs of preschool education, childcare and care
4.7. Number of pupils attending short stay groups
4.8. Number of students in general education organizations
4.9. Coverage of children and adolescents in educational programs of primary, basic and secondary general education
4.10. Number of students in general education institutions (excluding evening (shift) general education institutions) by gender and age: 2014/2015
4.11. Number of students in general education institutions (excluding evening (shift) general education institutions) by class groups
4.12. Number of persons with handicapped health, disabled children, disabled students studying in educational institutions
4.13. The number of persons with disabilities, children with disabilities, people with disabilities studying in classes of general education organizations (without evening (shift) general education organizations), which are not separate classes for students in adapted basic general education programs
4.14. The number of persons with disabilities, children with disabilities, disabled general education organizations (excluding evening (shift) general education organizations) studying at home
4.15. The number of students in state and municipal separate general education organizations (without evening (shift) general education organizations) and classes carrying out educational activities according to adapted basic general education programs
4.16. Graduates of educational organizations
4.17. The number of children and adolescents aged 7-18 who do not study in educational institutions for various reasons
4.18. Distribution of children and adolescents aged 7-18 years who are not studying in educational institutions, by sex and age: 2014
4.19. The number of students of educational institutions of additional education that implement additional general education programs for kids
4.20. The number of students enrolled in educational programs of secondary vocational education - training programs for skilled workers, employees
4.21. Coverage of young people by educational programs of secondary vocational education - programs for the training of skilled workers, employees
4.22. The number of students enrolled in educational programs of secondary vocational education - training programs for skilled workers, employees, by age
4.23. The number of persons with disabilities, children with disabilities, disabled people enrolled in programs of secondary vocational education - training programs for skilled workers, employees
4.24. Admission to study on educational programs of secondary vocational education - training programs for skilled workers, employees
4.25. The release of skilled workers, employees by profession
4.26. Number of students enrolled in programs of secondary vocational education - training programs for mid-level specialists
4.27. Coverage of young people by educational programs of secondary vocational education - training programs for mid-level specialists by gender
4.28. The number of students enrolled in educational programs of secondary vocational education - training programs for mid-level specialists, by gender and age
4.29. The structure of the number of students enrolled in educational programs of secondary vocational education - training programs for mid-level specialists, by form of education: 2014/2015
4.30. The number of persons with disabilities, children with disabilities and people with disabilities studying in educational programs of secondary vocational education - training programs for mid-level specialists: 2014/2015
4.31. population foreign students students studying in educational programs of secondary vocational education - training programs for mid-level specialists
4.32. Admission of students to study in educational programs of secondary vocational education - training programs for mid-level specialists
4.33. Graduation of mid-level specialists
4.34. Graduation of mid-level specialists in enlarged groups of specialties: 2004-2013
4.35. Graduation of mid-level specialists in enlarged groups of specialties: 2014
4.36. The number of students enrolled in educational programs of higher education - bachelor's programs, specialist's programs, master's programs
4.37. Enrollment of youth in educational programs of higher education - bachelor's programs, specialist's programs, master's programs by gender
4.38. The number of students enrolled in educational programs of higher education - bachelor's programs, specialist's programs, master's programs, by gender and age
4.39. Number of students in educational programs of higher education
4.40. The structure of the number of students enrolled in educational programs of higher education - bachelor's programs, specialist's programs, master's programs, by form of education: 2014/2015
4.41. The number of persons with disabilities, disabled children, disabled students studying in educational programs of higher education - bachelor's programs, specialist's programs, master's programs: 2014/2015
4.42. The number of foreign students studying in educational programs of higher education - bachelor's programs, specialist's programs, master's programs
4.43. The structure of the number of foreign students from non-CIS countries studying in educational programs of higher education - bachelor's programs, specialist's programs, master's programs on general admission conditions, by citizenship: 2014/2015
4.44. Admission of students to study in educational programs of higher education - bachelor's programs, specialist's programs, master's programs
4.45. Admission of students on educational programs of higher education
4.46. Admission to study in educational programs of higher education - bachelor's programs, specialist's programs, master's programs for enlarged groups of specialties and areas of training: 2014
4.47. Graduation of bachelors, specialists, masters
4.48. The structure of graduation by the level of diplomas received
4.49. Training of scientific and pedagogical staff in graduate school
4.50. Number of graduate students by sex and age
4.51. Graduation from postgraduate studies by branches of science
4.52. The share of persons who defended dissertations during the preparation period in the total graduation from postgraduate studies by branches of science: 2014
Methodological comments
5. Personnel of educational organizations
5.1. Average annual number of employees by type of economic activity
5.2. Share of people employed in education in the total number of people employed in the economy
5.3. The share of women in the total number of people employed in the economy and education
5.4. Distribution of people employed in the economy and education by level of education: 2014
5.5. The average age of those employed in the economy and education
5.6. Average annual number of education workers by type of economic activity
5.7. The number of employees of organizations engaged in educational activities for educational programs of preschool education, supervision and care of children, by category
5.8. The number of teaching staff of organizations engaged in educational activities in educational programs of preschool education, supervision and care of children, by position
5.9. The number of women in the teaching staff of organizations engaged in educational activities in educational programs of preschool education, childcare and care, by position
5.10. The level of education of pedagogical workers of organizations engaged in educational activities in educational programs of preschool education, supervision and care of children
5.11. The level of education of pedagogical workers of organizations engaged in educational activities in educational programs of preschool education, childcare and care, by position: 2014
5.12. The structure of teaching staff of organizations engaged in educational activities in educational programs of preschool education, childcare and childcare, by age groups
5.13. The structure of the teaching staff of organizations engaged in educational activities in educational programs of preschool education, childcare and childcare, by position and age group: 2014
5.14. The number of pupils in organizations engaged in educational activities in educational programs of preschool education, supervision and care of children, per educator
5.15. Number of employees of general education organizations by category
5.16. Number of employees of general education organizations (excluding evening (shift) general education organizations) by category
5.17. The number of teaching staff of general education organizations by position
5.18. Staffing of teaching staff of educational organizations: 2014
5.19. The number of teaching staff of general education organizations (excluding evening (shift) general education organizations) by position
5.20. The number of women in the teaching staff of general education organizations by position
5.21. The number of women in the teaching staff of general education organizations (excluding evening (shift) general education organizations) by position
5.22. The level of education of pedagogical workers of general educational organizations
5.23. The level of education of pedagogical workers of general educational organizations (without evening (shift) general educational organizations)
5.24. The level of education of pedagogical workers of general educational organizations by position: 2014
5.25. The structure of the number of teachers in general education organizations by age groups
5.26. The structure of the number of teaching staff of general education organizations by positions and age groups: 2014
5.27. The number of teachers of general education organizations by specialty
5.28. Staffing of teaching staff of general education organizations with teachers by specialty: 2014
5.29. The number of women in the composition of teachers of general education organizations by specialty
5.30. Level of education and age structure of teachers of general education organizations by specialties: 2014
5.31. Number of students in general education institutions per teacher
5.32. The number of employees of educational organizations of additional education implementing additional general education programs for children, by category
5.33. The number of teaching staff of educational institutions of additional education implementing additional general education programs for children, by position
5.34. Staffing of teaching staff of educational organizations of additional education implementing additional general education programs for children: 2014
5.35. The number of women in the teaching staff of educational organizations
additional education, implementing additional general education programs for children, by position
5.36. The level of education of teachers of educational organizations of additional education implementing additional general education programs for children
5.37. The level of education of teachers of educational organizations of additional education that implement additional general education programs for children,
by position: 2014
5.38. The structure of pedagogical workers of educational organizations of additional education implementing additional general education programs for children, by age groups
5.39. The structure of teaching staff of educational organizations of additional education implementing additional general education programs for children, by position and age group: 2014
5.40. The number of employees of professional educational organizations implementing educational programs of secondary vocational education - training programs for skilled workers, employees, by category
5.41. The number of teaching staff of professional educational organizations implementing educational programs of secondary vocational education - training programs for skilled workers, employees, by position
5.42. Staffing of teaching staff of professional educational organizations implementing educational programs of secondary vocational education - training programs for skilled workers, employees, by position: 2014
5.43. The number of women in the teaching staff of professional educational organizations implementing educational programs of secondary vocational education - training programs for skilled workers, employees, by position
5.44. The level of education of teachers of professional educational organizations implementing educational programs of secondary vocational education - training programs for skilled workers, employees
5.45. The level of education of teachers of professional educational organizations implementing educational programs of secondary vocational education - training programs for skilled workers, employees, by position: 2014
5.46. The structure of the number of teaching staff of professional educational organizations implementing educational programs of secondary vocational education - training programs for skilled workers, employees, by age groups
5.47. The structure of the number of teaching staff of professional educational organizations implementing educational programs of secondary vocational education - training programs for skilled workers, employees, by position and age group: 2014
5.48. The number of teachers of professional educational organizations implementing educational programs of secondary vocational education - training programs for skilled workers, employees
5.49. The number of masters of industrial training of vocational educational organizations implementing educational programs of secondary vocational education - training programs for skilled workers, employees with industrial qualifications at or above the level established for graduates
5.50. Number of vocational education students
organizations implementing educational programs of secondary vocational education - training programs for skilled workers, employees, per teacher (including masters of industrial training)
5.51. The number of employees of educational organizations implementing educational programs of secondary vocational education - training programs for mid-level specialists, by category
5.52. The number of teaching staff of educational organizations implementing educational programs of secondary vocational education - training programs for mid-level specialists, by position
5.53. The number of women in the teaching staff of educational organizations implementing educational programs of secondary vocational education - training programs for mid-level specialists
5.54. The number of women in the teaching staff of educational organizations implementing educational programs of secondary vocational education - training programs for mid-level specialists, by position: 2014/2015
5.55. The level of education of pedagogical workers of educational organizations implementing educational programs of secondary vocational education - training programs for mid-level specialists
5.56. The level of education of pedagogical workers of educational organizations implementing educational programs of secondary vocational education - training programs for specialists
middle management, by position: 2014/2015
5.57. The number of teachers of educational organizations implementing educational programs of secondary vocational education - training programs for mid-level specialists
5.58. The number of women in the composition of teachers of educational organizations implementing educational programs of secondary vocational education - training programs for mid-level specialists
5.59. The number of teachers of educational organizations implementing educational programs of secondary vocational education - training programs for specialists
middle management with degree, academic title
5.60. The number of teachers of educational organizations implementing educational programs of secondary vocational education - training programs for mid-level specialists who have undergone advanced training and (or) professional retraining
5.61. The structure of the number of teachers of educational organizations implementing educational programs
secondary vocational education - training programs for mid-level specialists, by age groups
5.62. Number of employees of educational institutions of higher education by category
5.63. The number of teaching staff of educational institutions of higher education
5.64. The number of teaching staff of educational institutions of higher education by positions
5.65. The number of women in the composition of the teaching staff of educational institutions of higher education
5.66. The number of women in the composition of the teaching staff of educational institutions of higher education by position: 2014/2015
5.67. The number of faculty members of educational institutions of higher education with an academic degree, academic title
5.68. The number of faculty members of educational institutions of higher education who have undergone advanced training and (or) professional retraining
5.69. The structure of the teaching staff of educational institutions of higher education by age groups
Methodological comments
6. Learning conditions
6.1. Basic education funds
6.2. Indices of the physical volume of the main funds of education
6.3. Commissioning of fixed assets of education, coefficients of their renewal and retirement
6.4. Commissioning of educational organizations
6.5. Dynamics of the number of educational organizations
6.6. Number of organizations carrying out educational activities on educational programs of preschool education, supervision and care of children
6.7. Number of places in organizations carrying out educational activities in educational programs of preschool education, supervision and care of children
6.8. The average size of groups in organizations carrying out educational activities on educational programs of preschool education, childcare and care: 2014
6.9. Area of premises of preschool educational organizations
6.10. Share of leased space in the total area of premises of preschool educational organizations
6.11. Technical condition and improvement of buildings of preschool educational organizations
6.12. Preschool educational organizations using personal computers and the Internet: 2014
6.13. General educational organizations
6.14. General educational organizations (without evening (shift) general educational organizations)
6.15. Evening (shift) educational organizations
6.16. Average class size in general education institutions (excluding evening (shift) general education institutions)
6.17. Shifts of classes in general educational organizations (without evening (shift) general educational organizations)
6.18. The share of students in two or three shifts in the total number of students in general education organizations (excluding evening (shift) general education organizations)
6.19. The number of students in state
and municipal general educational organizations in extended day groups (without evening (shift) general educational organizations)
6.20. Educational area of general educational organizations (without evening (shift) general educational organizations)
6.21. Educational area of general educational institutions (without evening (shift) general educational institutions) per student
6.22. Technical condition of buildings of general educational organizations (without evening (shift) general educational organizations)
6.23. Improvement of buildings of general educational organizations (without evening (shift) general educational organizations)
6.24. Provision of students in general educational institutions (without evening (shift) general educational institutions) with hot meals
6.25. Availability personal computers in general education organizations (without evening (shift) general education organizations)
6.2b. Availability of personal computers used for educational purposes, per 100 students in general education institutions (excluding evening (shift) general education institutions)
6.27. General education organizations (without evening (shift) general education organizations) with Internet access, e-mail address, website
6.28. Educational organizations additional education, implementing additional general education programs for children
6.29. Technical condition and improvement of buildings of additional education organizations implementing additional general educational programs for children
6.30. Professional educational organizations implementing educational programs of secondary vocational education - training programs for skilled workers, employees
6.31. The area of buildings of professional educational organizations implementing educational programs of secondary vocational education - training programs for skilled workers, employees
6.32. Share of leased area in the area of buildings b professional educational organizations implementing educational programs of secondary vocational education - training programs for skilled workers, employees
6.33. Use of the area of buildings of professional educational organizations that implement educational programs of secondary vocational education - training programs for skilled workers, employees
6.34. The technical condition of buildings of professional educational organizations implementing educational programs of secondary vocational education - training programs for skilled workers, employees
6.35. Security of students of professional educational organizations implementing educational programs of secondary vocational education - training programs for qualified (workers, employees, hostels
6.36. Provision of students of professional educational organizations implementing educational programs of secondary vocational education - training programs for qualified (workers, employees, hot meals
6.37. The presence of personal computers in professional educational organizations that implement educational programs of secondary (vocational education - training programs for skilled workers, employees
6.38. The number of personal computers used for educational purposes, per 100 students in professional educational organizations implementing educational programs of secondary vocational education - training programs for skilled workers, employees
6.39. Professional educational organizations implementing programs of secondary vocational education - training programs for mid-level specialists
6.40. Branches of professional educational organizations implementing programs of secondary vocational education - training programs for mid-level specialists
6.41. The area of buildings of professional educational organizations implementing programs of secondary vocational education - training programs for mid-level specialists
6.42. Distribution of the area of buildings of professional educational organizations implementing programs of secondary vocational education - training programs for mid-level specialists, by form of ownership, use: 2014
6.43. The technical condition of buildings of professional educational organizations implementing programs of secondary vocational education - training programs for mid-level specialists
6.44. Use of the area of educational and laboratory buildings of professional educational organizations implementing programs of secondary vocational education - training programs for mid-level specialists
6.45. Provision of students of professional educational organizations implementing programs of secondary vocational education - training programs for mid-level specialists, hostels
6.46. Provision of professional students
educational organizations implementing programs of secondary vocational education - training programs for mid-level specialists, a public catering network
6.47. Availability of personal computers used for educational purposes in professional educational organizations implementing programs of secondary vocational education - training programs for mid-level specialists
6.48. Availability of personal computers used
for educational purposes, in professional educational organizations implementing programs of secondary vocational education - training programs for mid-level specialists, per 100 students
6.49. Educational organizations of higher education
6.50. Branches of educational organizations of higher education
6.51. The area of buildings of educational organizations of higher education
6.52. Distribution of the area of buildings of educational institutions of higher education by form of ownership, use: 2014
6.53. Technical condition of buildings of educational institutions of higher education
6.54. Use of the area of educational and laboratory buildings of educational organizations of higher education
6.55. Provision of students of educational organizations of higher education with hostels
6.56. Provision of students of educational institutions of higher education with a public catering network
6.57. Availability of personal computers used for educational purposes in educational organizations
higher education
6.58. Availability of personal computers used for educational purposes in professional educational organizations implementing programs of secondary vocational education - training programs for mid-level specialists, per 100 students
6.59. Organizations providing training of scientific and pedagogical staff in graduate school
Methodological comments
7. International comparisons
7.1. Adult education level in Russia and OECD countries: 2014
7.2. The share of the adult population with higher education (ISCED b, 7 and 8) in its total number in Russia and OECD countries by age groups: 2014
7.3. Share of the adult population with higher education (ISCED 6, 7 and 8) in the total population in Russia and OECD countries by sex: 2014
7.4. Employment and unemployment by education in Russia and OECD countries: 2014
7.5. Public spending on education in Russia and OECD countries as a percentage of gross domestic product: 2014
7.6. Public spending on education in Russia and OECD countries as a percentage of total government spending: 2014
7.7. Education coverage of the population aged 5-29 in Russia and OECD countries: 2014
7.8. Share of international students and graduate students in the total number of students and graduate students in Russia and OECD countries: secondary vocational training programs for mid-level specialists and higher education (ISCED 5, 6, 7 and 8), 2014
7.9. Distribution of students enrolled in educational programs of secondary vocational education - training programs for mid-level specialists and higher education, in Russia and OECD countries by type of organization (ISCED 5, 6 and 7): 2014
7.10. Distribution of graduates who received secondary vocational education in training programs for mid-level specialists and higher education for the first time in Russia and OECD countries by level of education: 2014
7.11. The share of women in the total number of teachers (teachers) in Russia and OECD countries: 2014
7.12. Number of students per teacher (teacher) in Russia and OECD countries: 2014
7.13. Average class size in Russia and OECD countries: 2014
Methodological comments
1. Education system in the Russian Federation: structure and general characteristics.
2. Types of education and forms of education in the Russian Federation
3. Legal regulation of relations in the field of education. Legislation on education.
4. Management of education in the Russian Federation: federal, regional and municipal levels and their powers.
5. State supervision and control in the field of education.
6. Licensing of educational activities and accreditation of organizations engaged in educational activities.
7. Educational organizations in Russia: structure and characteristics.
8. Organizations carrying out educational activities as additional.
9. History of education in Russia.
10. Educational and methodological support of education.
11. Expenditures on education: dynamics of federal budget expenditures and problems of funding for education.
13. Preschool education in Russia.
14. The system of school education in Russia.
15. The system of higher professional education in R.F.
16. Problems of higher education in R.F. and ways to solve them.
17. Main directions of development of modern education.
18. Education in the context of globalization.
19. The essence of the concepts of "competence" and "competence". The main ideas of an integrated approach to teaching.
20. The concept and essence of the innovation process in education.
21. Problems of national education reform and the implementation of the principles of the Bologna process.
22. The problem of the quality of education and pedagogical theory and practice.
23. Features of teaching economics in secondary and higher schools.
24. Foreign educational systems: comparative characteristics and opportunities for using experience in domestic educational practice.
25. The main historical stages of the integration of science and economics.
26. Scientific and technical potential and patterns of its development.
27. Organizational structure Sciences.
28. The main structural units of the scientific and technical complex of modern developed countries (NIP, CIC, RIP, science region, technopolis, technopark, incubator): general characteristics.
29. Federal and regional support programs scientific research. Federal research centers and universities.
30. Functions of the modern state in relation to science.
31. Spending on science in modern industrialized countries and Russia. Production and export of science-intensive products in the world.
32. History of the development of science in Russia.
33. Modern state policy in the scientific field.
34. The main problems of the development of domestic science.
35. Actual directions of development of modern economic science. Problems of the theory and practice of economic development.
No 9,10,17,18,19,20,22,24,29,35
1. Education system in the Russian Federation: structure and general characteristics.
Federal Law of December 29, 2012 N 273-FZ (as amended on July 13, 2015) "On Education in the Russian Federation" (as amended and supplemented, entered into force on July 24, 2015) Ch. 2. Education system. Article 10 Structure of the education system.
1. The education system includes:
1) federal state educational standards and federal state requirements, educational standards, educational programs different kind, level and (or) direction;
2) organizations engaged in educational activities, teachers, students and parents (legal representatives) of underage students;
3) federal government bodies and bodies state power subjects of the Russian Federation exercising state administration in the field of education, and local self-government bodies exercising management in the field of education, advisory, advisory and other bodies created by them;
4) organizations providing educational activities, assessing the quality of education;
5) associations of legal entities, employers and their associations, public associations operating in the field of education.
2. Education is divided into general education, vocational education, additional education and professional education that ensure the possibility of realizing the right to education throughout life (continuing education).
3. General education and vocational education are implemented by levels of education.
The following levels of general education are established in the Russian Federation:
1) preschool education;
4) secondary general education.
5. The following levels of vocational education are established in the Russian Federation:
6. Additional education includes such subspecies as additional education for children and adults and additional vocational education.
7. The education system creates conditions for continuous education through the implementation of the main educational programs and various additional educational programs, providing the opportunity to simultaneously master several educational programs, as well as taking into account existing education, qualifications, and practical experience in obtaining education.
2. Types of education and forms of education in the Russian Federation
Education is divided into general education, vocational education, additional education and vocational training, which ensure the possibility of realizing the right to education throughout life (continuing education). (professional education)
Levels of general education:
1) preschool education;
2) primary general education;
3) basic general education;
4) secondary general education.
Levels of professional education:
1) secondary vocational education;
2) higher education - bachelor's degree;
3) higher education - specialty, magistracy;
4) higher education - training of highly qualified personnel.
Additional education:
1) as additional education for children and adults
2) additional professional education.
Forms of study
There are three main forms of education in Russia: full-time (full-time); part-time (evening); part-time.
Restrictions on obtaining education in a particular form of education may be established by the legislation on education and (or) the educational standard.
It is also possible to receive education in the form external student(self-education) and family education with the right to pass intermediate and state final certification in educational organizations.
- online learning. Network form of implementation of educational programs - implementation of an educational program using the resources of several organizations engaged in educational activities, including foreign ones, and also, if necessary, using the resources of other organizations;
- electronic and distance learning.
Article 17. Forms of education and forms of education
1. In the Russian Federation, education can be obtained:
1) in organizations carrying out educational activities;
2) outside organizations engaged in educational activities (in the form family education and self-education).
2. Education in organizations engaged in educational activities, taking into account the needs, capabilities of the individual and depending on the volume of compulsory classes teacher with students is carried out in full-time, part-time or part-time form.
3. Education in the form of family education and self-education is carried out with the right to subsequently pass, in accordance with Part 3 of Article 34 of this Federal Law, intermediate and state final certification in organizations engaged in educational activities.
4. A combination of various forms of education and forms of education is allowed.
5. Forms of education and forms of education for the main educational program for each level of education, profession, specialty and area of training are determined by the relevant federal state educational standards, educational standards, unless otherwise established by this Federal Law. Forms of training for additional educational programs and basic vocational training programs are determined by the organization carrying out educational activities independently, unless otherwise provided by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
Education in universities today seems less accessible than in Soviet years However, the state of the education system as a whole today is estimated higher than a quarter of a century ago.
On the eve of the Student's Day, the All-Russian Study Center public opinion(VTsIOM) presented survey data on how Russians assess the state of the Russian education system both today and 25 years ago, what kind of education they dream of for their children.
The availability of higher education, according to half of Russians (53%), is lower today than in Soviet times. The opposite opinion is shared by 38% of all respondents. Among people of retirement age, 58% and 34% gave the corresponding answers, while among young people from 18 to 24 years old - 45% and 42%, among low-income people - 58% and 33%, and among respondents with high incomes - 40% and 54% .
At the same time, only 20% of respondents today assess the state of the education system as “bad” or “very bad” - this share is lower than the figure of 25 years ago (27%), while 33% consider it “good” or “excellent” (against 8 % in 1991). However, the most common (both in the Soviet years and in our time) is the opinion that our education is mediocre (41% in 2016 and 46% in 1991).
The need for education today is realized much stronger than in the early 1990s. So, if in 1991 20% of the respondents were indifferent to what the level of education a child will receive them, then in 2016 only 9% said so. The majority of Russians (81%) would like to see their children and grandchildren as university graduates, and over a quarter of a century this proportion has grown one and a half times (from 53%). Technical schools and colleges, vocational schools do not enjoy authority - only 4% and 1% of respondents, respectively, would choose them for teaching children. One of the factors affecting citizens' assessments, we can call the relationship between the level of education and the material well-being of a person: today 40% are sure that they are directly proportional (the higher one, the better the other).
Views on the role of upbringing and the family in getting a child this or that education for 25 years have also been revised. If in 1991 the main factor influencing the level of education was the ability of the child (58%), today its importance is felt noticeably less (41%). The craving for knowledge is currently called the key - 53%(previously this share was 55%), the second largest - financial situation of the family(47% in 2016 vs. 34% in 1991). The desire of parents to give their child an education is now considered more significant than before (over 25 years, the corresponding share of answers has grown from 29% to 38%), but the level of education of parents, according to the respondents, on the contrary, no longer plays the role that it did in Soviet times. (decrease from 29% to 18%).
Chairman of the Board of VTsIOM Konstantin Abramov notes: “The transformation of the state system and society over the past 25 years has naturally been reflected in the attitude of Russians to the education system. Society has adapted to the new rules, new guidelines have appeared. Higher education, according to most Russians, directly affects the level of income. And if in Soviet society the slogan “all professions are needed, all professions are important” was confirmed in practice, and the income level of the working class was comparable, and sometimes exceeded the income level of highly educated people, now the situation has changed. Physical labor has been devalued. There is a huge demand on the market for higher education, or rather for the "crust" of higher education. A number of "pseudo-universities" have appeared, focused only on making money in commerce. "Unlawyers", "under-managers" or "under-economists" were swallowed up by new markets. With the reform of the educational system, this situation began to change again. Requirements for education on the part of employers are becoming tougher, its quality is growing, but accessibility is falling. According to the respondents, get high score at state exams is impossible without additional investments in preparation. At the same time, the USE itself, as one of the elements of the new system, has become a mechanism for a more objective assessment of knowledge.”
According to the analysis of "Medialogy", the topic "Student's Day" on federal TV and in the press was mentioned more than 1 thousand times over 5 years. The “peak” of the topic being mentioned falls on 2012 (260 media reports).
In your opinion, is higher education now more accessible or less accessible to Russians than in the Soviet years?
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All respondents |
18-24 years old |
25-34 years old |
35-44 years old |
45-59 years old |
60 years and older |
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Rather more accessible |
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Rather less accessible |
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Difficult to answer |
How would you assess the state of our education system?(closed question, one answer, %)
*In 1991, a mass survey was conducted on a representative all-Russian sample of the urban and rural population aged 16 and over, the sample size was 1255 people
What kind of education would you like your children and grandchildren to receive?(closed question, one answer, %)
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1991* |
2016 |
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University, institute, academy (higher education) |
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Technical school, college (secondary specialized education) |
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Vocational school, vocational school, vocational lyceum (secondary education) |
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high school(secondary education) |
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It does not matter |
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Difficult to answer |
Does the material well-being of a person depend on the level of his education or not?(closed question, one answer, %)
If we talk about the family in which the child grows up, then what primarily determines what kind of education he will receive? (closed question, no more than 3 answers, %)
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1991* |
2016 |
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From the child's desire to learn |
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From financial situation families |
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From the ability of the child |
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From the desire of parents to educate the child |
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From the level of education of parents |
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From the social status of parents, their place of work |
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From acquaintances, blata |
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Other |
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Difficult to answer |
An initiative all-Russian survey by VTsIOM was conducted on January 16-17, 2016. 1600 people were interviewed in 130 settlements in 46 regions, territories and republics of Russia. The statistical error does not exceed 3.5%.
Monitoring and analysis of publications in the Russian media was carried out by Medialogy. The study was conducted using the Medialogy media database, which includes about 30,100 sources: TV, radio, newspapers, magazines, news agencies, Internet media. Study period: January 2011 - December 2015.
Education today is one of the main and important spheres of human life and society. It is an independent branch of the social and economic sphere. The education system in our country has undergone many changes.
The concept of education
As a rule, education refers mainly to the pedagogical sphere, and within the framework of this area of science, its concept is as follows: it is a process aimed at educating and training in the interests of a member of society, during which he masters a body of knowledge. Thus, the education process can be characterized by several features: purposefulness, organization, manageability, completeness and compliance with the quality requirements established by the state.
The origin of education in Russia
Education and literacy have always been widespread in Russia, as evidenced by found birch bark letters dating back to the 1st millennium.
The beginning of universal education in Russia was laid by Prince Vladimir, when he issued a decree to take children from the best families and teach them "book learning", which was perceived by the ancient Russians as savagery and caused fear. Parents absolutely did not want to send their children to study, so students were enrolled in schools by force.
The first large school appeared in 1028 through the efforts of Yaroslav the Wise, who was able to gather 300 children and issued a command to "teach them books." Since then, the number of schools began to increase. They were opened mainly at monasteries and churches, and not only in cities, but also in rural settlements.
It should be noted that princes Ancient Russia were educated people, so they paid increased attention to teaching children and books.
Education and its level grew until the Mongol-Tatar invasion in the 13th century, which was of catastrophic significance for Russian culture, since almost all centers of literacy and books were destroyed.
And only in the middle of the 16th century did the rulers think about literacy and education again, and already in the 18th century education began to occupy a special place in the history of Russia. It was then that an attempt was made to create state system education. Schools were opened and specialists in various sciences were invited from abroad, or Russian teenagers were sent to study abroad.
Only under Peter I, education and enlightenment, as well as their development, the opening of schools of various specializations (mathematical, geographical) became important state task. Thanks to this, a system of vocational education arose in Russia. 
With the death of Peter I, Russian education fell into decline, since his successors did not pay due attention to the sciences.
But if earlier only children of nobles and other noble families and families were allowed to study, then from the second half of the 18th century everything changed dramatically. Catherine II laid in the concept of "education" a completely different meaning - the education of the people.
The Ministry of Public Education was first created in 1802 by decree of Tsar Alexander I, the types of educational institutions were established: parish and district schools, gymnasiums and universities. Continuity between these institutions was established, the number of grade levels increased to 7, and it was possible to enter the university only after graduating from the gymnasium.
AT late XIX and the beginning of the 20th century, questions about the reform of school education began to be raised, which very soon found themselves in the center of public attention. In this period Russian school, despite various difficulties and contradictions, experienced a period of growth: the number of educational institutions, the number of students in them, a variety of forms and types of education, as well as its content.
The history of the development of education in the XX century
The destruction of the education system that existed at that time began after the 1917 revolution. The structure of school administration was destroyed, private and religious educational institutions were closed, and the screening of "unreliable" sciences and teachers began.
The idea of the Soviet school was a unified system of free and joint general education. The advantages for enrolling in classes were given to peasants and workers, the system of socialist education developed, and schools were separated from churches.
The laws adopted in the 40s on education in Russia have actually been preserved to this day: teaching children at school from the age of 7, introducing a five-point grading system, final exams at the end of school and awarding excellent students with medals (silver and gold).
Russian education reform
AT modern history In the Russian Federation, the education reform began in 2010 with the signing of a bill on a set of measures to modernize the education system. The official start was given in 2011 on January 1.
The main measures taken to reform education include:
- The introduction of a unified state exam(EEG) instead of the “unfair”, according to legislators, examination system that has been operating in Russia for many decades.
- Introduction and further development of higher education at several levels - bachelor's and master's programs, aimed at bringing Russian education closer to European. Some universities have retained five-year training in some specialties, but today there are very few of them left.
- Gradual reduction in the number of teachers and educators.
- Reduction in the number of higher education institutions through their complete closure or reorganization, as a result of which they join stronger universities. This assessment was given to them by a special commission created by the Ministry of Education.
The results of the reform will not be summed up soon, but opinions are already divided. Some say that as a result of these changes, one of the highest quality and fundamental educational systems in the world collapsed. Since government subsidies have become much smaller, everything has come down to the commercialization of education at all levels of educational institutions. Others say that thanks to European standardization, Russian students have got a chance to work abroad, and the number of exam rigging has decreased in schools.
Structure
The education system in Russia consists of several components:
- State requirements and education standards developed at the federal level.
- Educational programs, consisting of different types, areas and levels.
- institutions in the field of education, as well as teaching staff directly the students themselves and their legal representatives.
- Education management bodies (at the federal, regional and municipal levels) and advisory or advisory bodies created under them.
- Organizations designed to provide educational activities and assess its quality.
- Various associations working in the educational field (legal entities, employers, public structures).
Legislation and legal regulation of education
The right to education for citizens of our country is guaranteed by the Constitution of the Russian Federation (Article 43), and all issues related to this are under the jurisdiction of the state and its subjects.
The main document regulating the education system is the Federal Law of December 29, 2012 No. 273-FZ “On Education in the Russian Federation”.
According to the document, decrees, orders, resolutions and other documents in the educational sphere can be adopted not only at the federal, but also at the regional and municipal levels, as additions to the main national laws.
Standards and state requirements for education
All training standards are adopted at the federal level and are designed to provide:
- Unified educational process throughout the Russian Federation.
- Continuity of the main programs.
- A variety of program content at the appropriate level, the formation of programs of various directions and complexity, taking into account the needs and abilities of students.
- A guaranteed level and quality system of education within the framework of the unified mandatory requirements of educational programs - according to the conditions and results of their study.
In addition, they are the basis on which the quality of education of students is assessed, as well as the timing of the training of a particular type of education.
Compliance with standards and requirements is a prerequisite for the implementation of basic education programs in preschool and other organizations that conduct educational activities.
State standards include, among other things, the requirements for basic educational programs:
For pupils with disabilities, there are special requirements and standards that are also available at the level of vocational education.
Education management in Russia
The education system is managed at several levels: federal, regional and municipal.
At the federal level, management is carried out by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, whose functions include the development of state policy and legal regulation in the educational sphere. Documents are accepted at the level of the President and the Government of the Russian Federation. 
The Federal Service for Supervision in the Sphere of Education and Science (Rosobrnadzor) is engaged in licensing, attestation of educational institutions, attestation of scientists and university teachers, attestation of graduates, confirmation of documents on education.
Management of education at the regional level is under the jurisdiction of the ministries, departments of education formed in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Controls the implementation of federal and regional legislation in the field of education Rosobrnadzor.
At the municipal level, education management, as well as the implementation of federal, regional and municipal laws and requirements, are carried out by departments, departments and departments of education located on the territory of municipalities.
Types of education systems and forms of education
The modern education system in Russia is divided into several types.
- The system of preschool education (nursery, Kindergarten).
- Primary (kindergarten, school).
- Basic (schools, gymnasiums, lyceums, cadet corps).
- Secondary (schools, gymnasiums, lyceums, cadet corps).
Professional:
- Average system special education(vocational schools, colleges, technical schools);
- Higher education system - bachelor's degree, specialist's degree, master's degree and training of highly qualified personnel (universities, academies).
Additional means:
- Specialized training for adults and children (palaces children's creativity, art schools for adults and children).
- Vocational education (training institutes). It is carried out, as a rule, by scientific organizations and institutions.
Education is divided into 3 main forms of education: full-time, or full-time; part-time (evening) and part-time.
In addition, education can be obtained in the form of external studies, that is, self-study and self-education, and family education. These forms also entitle students to take final attestations in educational institutions.
The new forms of education that have emerged as a result of the reforms include: the network education system (obtaining education with the help of several educational institutions at once), electronic and distance learning, which is possible using remote access to educational materials and passing final examinations. 
Education and its educational and methodological support
The information base is the main tool of the organization educational process. It reflects not only the ways of building educational process, but gives a complete picture of the amount of learning content that is to be mastered.
The main goal pursued is the implementation of the requirements of state educational standards to provide all students with a complete set of educational and teaching materials for all forms of education.
The issues of educational and methodological support of the education process are supervised by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation. It also approves the federal list of textbooks and their content. According to the order of the department, all school textbooks must also have and electronic version containing multimedia and interactive elements.
Well-established educational and methodological support allows you to systematize methodological, regulatory materials; analyze and improve the efficiency and quality of training sessions; build an objective system of assessing the knowledge of students and graduates.
Education spending
AT last years the system of general education in Russia, its renewal and improvement is one of the highest priority tasks of the state, despite the economic difficulties. In this regard, subsidies allocated by the Government are growing from year to year.
So, for example, if in 2000 more than 36 billion rubles were allocated for the development of education, then already in 2010 - 386 billion rubles. budget injections. At the end of 2015, the education budget was executed in the amount of 615,493 million rubles.
Development of the education system
The concept was set out by the Government of the Russian Federation in Resolution No. 497 of May 23, 2015 “On the Federal Target Program for the Development of Education for 2016-2020”.
The program is aimed at creating a number of conditions for the effective development of education in Russia, aimed at providing affordable quality education that will meet the modern requirements of a socially oriented society as a whole.
The tasks to achieve this goal are:
- Formation and integration of structural and technological innovations in secondary vocational and higher education.
- Development and implementation of a set of measures to develop an effective and attractive system of additional education for children, a scientific and creative environment in educational institutions.
- Formation of such an infrastructure that would provide conditions for the training of highly qualified personnel in the conditions of the modern market.
- Formation of a demanded system for assessing the quality of education itself and its educational results.
The implementation of the Program is divided into 2 stages:
- 2016-2017 – approbation and implementation of measures initiated since the start of the Federal Education Reform.
- 2018-2020 - changing the structures of education, distribution of new educational programs, introduction of new technologies and much more.
The Consequences of the Reform and the Problems of the Development of Education in Russia
Russian education, which was underfunded in the 1990s and has undergone fundamental changes since 2010, according to many experts, has begun to lose much in quality. Here we can single out a number of problems, due to which education not only does not develop, but slides down.
Firstly, the social status of teachers and instructors has decreased. This applies not only to the degree of respect for such work, but also to the level of payment and social state guarantees.
Secondly, a powerful bureaucratic system that prevents young and talented scientists from getting scientific degrees and titles.
Thirdly, the elimination of educational criteria and standards that have been built up for decades, and from that they have become transparent and accessible to everyone who is interested.
Fourthly, the introduction of the EEG as an exam, which boils down only to assessing the student's memory in certain subjects, but in no way contributing to the development of logic, creative thinking.
Fifth, the introduction of new types of education systems: undergraduate (4 years) and master's (6 years). The move away from 5-year graduate programs has resulted in 5-year programs being cut to a minimum, and graduate programs abounding in additional and often not at all. necessary items for training a future undergraduate.
Keywords: RIGHT TO EDUCATION; CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS OF THE INDIVIDUAL; CONSTITUTION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION; EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION; EDUCATION SYSTEM; THE RIGHT TO EDUCATION; THE CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS OF THE INDIVIDUAL; CONSTITUTION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION; EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION; EDUCATION SYSTEM.
Annotation: The subject of study in this article is the constitutional provisions governing the foundations of the education system of the Russian Federation, as well as the norms of the Federal Law of December 29, 2012 No. 273 "On Education in the Russian Federation". The article discusses the content of the right to education, its structure, as well as its place in the system of freedoms and human rights, the relationship with other constitutional rights of the individual.
The right to education is one of the most important constitutional rights of the individual, guaranteed by the state. This is essentially a social right enshrined in Art. 43 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, which introduced it into the constitutional status of the individual as an element, thereby giving it its original meaning, which laid the foundation for Russian educational legislation.
The provisions of Art. 43 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation are specified by a mass of normative legal acts of various legal force, which contain the procedure and guarantees for the exercise of the right to receive education, as well as ways to protect it. Among these, first of all, we should name the Federal Law of December 29, 2012 No. 273 “On Education in the Russian Federation”, in Art. 2 which reveals the content of the term "education". The specified norm of the current Russian educational legislation considers education to be “a complex coordinated process of education and upbringing, which is a socially significant benefit and is implemented in the interests of the state, society, family and individual. As well as a set of acquired skills, skills, knowledge, value beliefs, experience and powers of a certain complexity and scope for the purposes of creative, spiritual, moral, intellectual, professional and (or) physical development personality, meeting his educational interests and needs.
An analysis of the object of the right to education made it possible to highlight its most important features: the functions of education directly depend on the understanding of education contained in the national legislation, the right to receive education (as well as other basic rights of the individual) is guaranteed by international legal acts and does not depend on the scope of its regulation by national legislation.
The provisions of the Federal Law of December 29, 2012 No. 273 "On Education in the Russian Federation", the Constitution of the Russian Federation presumes that the right to education is not granted by the state to the individual, and, therefore, it cannot be taken away or limited. Thus, the state fully assumes the obligation to recognize given right and provide conditions for its smooth implementation through the creation of a procedure for enjoying the right to education, which includes a normative legal framework and the education system.
Determining the role of the right to acquire education in the system of freedoms and human rights, it is necessary to name its relationship with such constitutional rights as the right to life, dignity and freedom (Articles 20, 21, 22 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation), note the presence of indirect interaction with freedom of speech, freedom of conscience, freedom of thought, etc. (Articles 28, 29 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation), point out the special connection between the right to education and freedom of literary, technical, scientific and other forms of creativity (Article 44 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation).
Based on the analysis of these norms, it is possible to determine the structure of the constitutional right of a citizen and an individual to receive education, to highlight its elements. These elements include:
– the right to acquire education by any person;
– the right to receive different levels of education;
- approval of not only the right, but also the obligation to receive basic general education;
– the right to acquire education in various forms;
- right to free choice language of education;
– pluralism and freedom in education;
- the dominant right of legal representatives in choosing the form of education for their minor children.
The provisions of Part 1, 2 Art. 43 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the right of any person to acquire education is approved, while the authorities ensure the free and accessibility of:
- preschool education, contributing to the formation of a common culture, as well as the development of personal, intellectual, physical, moral and aesthetic qualities, the formation of prerequisites learning activities, preservation and promotion of children's health preschool age;
– basic general education, which is aimed at the formation and development personal qualities a student, including - for teaching the Russian language, the basics of science, the skills of physical and mental labor, for the development of interests, inclinations, the ability to social self-determination, which is necessary (part 4 of article 43 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation);
- secondary vocational education, which provides for solving the problems of cultural, intellectual and professional development of a person, involves the training of skilled workers and middle-level workers in all leading areas of socially useful activity.
In addition, the provisions of the Basic Law establish that any person has the right to free higher education on the basis of a competition (Part 3, Article 43 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation). In order to approve the constitutional right to acquire free higher education, the Federal Law of December 29, 2012 No. 273 “On Education in the Russian Federation” provides for the receipt of higher education on the basis of a competition in municipal, state educational institutions for free when a person receives education at this level for the first time. The second and subsequent higher education can be obtained for a fee - both in non-state and in public institution education.
The constitutional foundations of educational law contained in Art. 72 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, refer general issues of education to the joint jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, and in Art. 114, it is established that the Government of the Russian Federation guarantees the implementation in Russia of a unified state policy in the field of education and upbringing. The provisions of Art. 72 of the Basic Law predetermined the existence of both federal legislation on education and legislation on education of the Republic of Khakassia. The adoption in 2012 of the Federal Law of December 29, 2012 No. 273 "On Education in the Russian Federation" became the starting point for the development of regional legislation. On its basis, the Law of the Republic of Khakassia of July 5, 2013 No. 60-ЗРХ "On Education in the Republic of Khakassia" was formulated and approved.
Summing up, it should be pointed out that the constitutional consolidation of the right to education is the most important prerequisite for the economic, political, social and spiritual development of society. The right to receive education in the system of constitutional rights is the reason (or condition) for the realization of a number of socio-economic freedoms and rights, and also arises as a result of the action of a group of constitutional freedoms and the rights of a citizen and an individual.
Bibliography
- Andrichenko L.V., Barankov V.L., Bulaevsky B.A. etc. Educational legislation of Russia. A new milestone in development: a monograph (responsible editors N.V. Putilo, Candidate of Law Sciences, N.S. Volkova, Candidate of Law Sciences). M.: Publishing house "Jurisprudence", 2015. 480 p.
- Belousova O.V. Regional legislation on general education: ways of improvement // Journal of Russian law. 2013. No. 2. S. 122-129.
- The Constitution of the Russian Federation of December 12, 1993 (as amended on July 21, 2014) // Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation. 2014. No. 31. Art. 4398.
- On education in the Republic of Khakassia: Law of the Republic of Khakassia dated July 5, 2013 No. 60-ЗРХ (as amended on May 12, 2016) // Bulletin of Khakassia. 2016. No. 38 (1667).
- On Education in the Russian Federation (as amended on July 3, 2016): Federal Law of December 29, 2012 No. 273-FZ // Russian newspaper. 2016. July 6. No. 146.