“Berlin will remain Berlin as long as the old trees on Unter den Linden bloom,” sang the great Marlene Dietrich. Translated from German, the name of the street literally means “under the lindens” - perhaps the most popular street in Berlin, it owes its fame, first of all, to the lindens.
The birth of the street "under the lindens"
1000 linden trees and 1000 nuts were planted on April 16, 1647, by order of Friedrich Wilhelm, the "Great Elector". It was these trees, planted in six rows, that ennobled the bare sandy section of the path from the Royal Castle to the hunting grounds in the Tiergarten. Perhaps this is one of the few streets with a precisely known birthday. The lindens were taken care of, they were guarded, the rangers could shoot the pigs that ran here from the nearest villages and gnawed the bark of young trees.
Living Symbols:
The symbol of the street is lindens, which were repeatedly cut down, the most massive cutting of the last century was during the construction of the metro during the preparations for the Olympics, which was held in Berlin in 1936, the second time during the war in 1944-1945. lindens were cut down for firewood. But then young trees were certainly planted.
Today, the people of Berlin approach each tree as if it were a jewel, they are cherished, each linden tree has its own watering and fertilizing system. Each of the five types of lindens growing here has its own approach, its own medicines and fertilizers.
Famous people about famous street:
In 1770, during the reign of Frederick the Great, the alley was rebuilt, on the site of the existing 44 houses, which also did not look like shacks, 33 luxurious mansions were erected. The street immediately acquired a noble, majestic appearance. Every year, luxury and elegance only increased. Heinrich Heine in 1823 wrote about the street "... one magnificent building crowds the next"
And today this famous street attracts tourists. Unter den Linden is included in the “mandatory program” for visiting Berlin guests of all ranks, and fully meets the expectations of tourists, there is something to see here. Throughout the entire length of the street, which is 1390 meters, there are many architectural and historical monuments, luxurious restaurants, hotels.
But not only this famous street is unique, one of the first to note the paradox was Mark Twain, who had a rather distant relation to Berlin, he wrote: “Unter den Linden is not one street, these are three streets combined into one.” Indeed, it is very unusual when two carriageways are separated in the middle by a pedestrian boulevard.
The famous "street under the lindens" originates from the equally famous Brandenburg Gate. The Adlon Hotel (its address is Unter den Linden, building 1) deserves a separate discussion. Emperors, kings, many great personalities such as Albert Einstein, Charlie Chaplin and others stayed here.
Legendary street meets tourists:
The street is full of many museums, these are the Kronprinz Palace (11.4 €), the Berlin Cathedral (6.5 €), the Zeughaus (or Arsenal) (6.5 €).
In Berlin, visiting museums is quite expensive, to save money, the easiest way is to purchase a Berlin WelcomeCard - this tourist card, which is valid for 48 hours, 72 hours or 5 days, is at the same time free travel in public transport and a 50% discount on visiting more than 150 museums.
Cost for 48 hours - 18.90 €, for 72 hours - 24.90 €, for 5 days - 34.90 €.
You can get to Unter den Linden by bus number 100 or number 200, by metro to Brandenburger Tor, Friedrichstrasse or Französische Strasse stations
Street Unter den Linden (Unter den Linden) is the most famous Berlin boulevard, several famous sights of the city are concentrated here at once. It stretches for about one and a half kilometers in the very center of the city - from the Brandenburg Gate to the Museum Island.
Today, Unter den Linden is the main "visiting card" of Berlin.
The name of the street literally translated from German means “Under the lindens”. It appeared after Elector Friedrich Wilhelm decided in the 17th century to improve the road along which he regularly traveled to his hunting grounds Tiergarten. Following the Dutch model, a thousand lime trees and a thousand walnut trees were planted along the road in three rows. At that time, almost the entire road was outside the city walls.
Since the city was constantly growing, the border was moved further and further, the enterprising wife of the Elector Dorothea divided the uninhabited area along the road into parts, and began to sell plots. This is how the suburb of Berlin grew, and later - the district of the city of Dorotheenstadt (the city of Dorothea) with the houses of courtiers and wealthy citizens.
Unter den Linden reached its peak under the reign of King Frederick the Great of Prussia (Friedrich der Große). The court architect of the king, Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff, built here the Friedrich Forum (Forum Fridericianum), today's Bebel Square (Bebelplatz), the Opera House (Opernhaus), the Catholic Cathedral of St. Hedwig (Sankt-Hedwigs-Kathedrale), the royal Library and Palace of Prince Heinrich (Palais des Prinzen Heinrich).
In the 19th century, after the victory over Napoleon, King Friedrich Wilhelm III decides to turn Unter den Linden into a triumphal alley. The architectural ensemble of Unter den Linden included the Brandenburg Gate with the famous quadriga and the Paris Square, as well as the equestrian statue of Frederick the Great installed in the center of the street.
In the 19th century, the street is rapidly filled with new buildings, fashionable shops, hotels, restaurants, and office space appear here. In 1880, a special “Lind” law was even issued, prohibiting the construction of houses on the street above 22 meters, prescribing a street width of 60 meters and a minimum number of lindens growing on the street of 297 pieces.
Since the end of the 19th century, Unter den Linden has been transformed from a boulevard into the central thoroughfare of Berlin. In 1916, the emperor orders, for aesthetic reasons, to build a tunnel under the street.
In Nazi times, troops marched along Unter den Linden, so that the obstructing lime trees were simply demolished.
During World War II, the street was almost completely destroyed. In 1950, the residence palace of the Hohenzollerns was blown up; later, the GDR authorities built the asbestos Palace of the Republic in its place. After the unification of Germany, in turn, the Palace of the Republic was already demolished, and work is currently underway to restore the royal residence.
Citizens in the days of the GDR called Unter den Linden "the most luxurious dead end in the world" - here was the border zone between East and West Berlin. Most of the historic buildings on the street were restored in the sixties.
Today, linden trees are again planted on Unter den Linden Street, under which the townspeople and numerous tourists walk. In addition, there are museums, a theater, several embassies, including the Russian one, the Humboldt University building, hotels, and shops.
Attractions on Unter den Linden
Unter den Linden is one of the most popular tourist destinations in the German capital. Here, indeed, there is a lot of interesting things.
Brandenburg Gate
Palace Bridge
The Palace Bridge connects Unter den Linden and the Spreeinsel, on which the Lustgarten park, Berlin Cathedral and Museum Island are located.
The name "Palace" bridge was given to the Berlin City Palace located here, the main winter residence of the Prussian kings, which is currently being restored.
The bridge was designed by architect Karl Friedrich Schinkel in 1824 and is decorated with eight sculptures of ancient Greek goddesses and heroes.
Lustgarten park
The Lustgarten park is laid out on Museum Island, at the end of Unter den Linden. At various times, the Lustgarten was used as a palace park, as a square for parades, mass demonstrations, and as a city park.
Berlin Cathedral
Berlin Cathedral (Berliner Dom) is the largest German Evangelical church in the center of Berlin, on the Museum Island. The cathedral was completely rebuilt in the 19th century.
How to get there
Unter den Linden is easily accessible by any means of transport and is located in the heart of the city.
By public transport
There are two ways to get to Unter den Linden - you can get to the Brandenburg Gate station on the east side of the street or, from the west side, to the Museum Island area.
From the west side:
- By city train Es-Bahn (S-Bahn): lines 1,2, 25 to the Brandenburg Gate stop.
- By underground (U-Bahn): U5 from the main train station (Hauptbahnhof).
- By bus (Bus): M 41, M 85, TXL, 120, 123,147,240, 245) to the Brandenburg Gate stop.
From the east side:
- By metro: Lines U2, U5, U8 to Alexanderplatz station.
- Bus: 100, 200 to the stop Am Lustgarten.
- S-Bahn (Es-Bann): Lines S3, S5, S7, S9 to Hackescher Markt station.
- Tram: M4 M5 M6 to Spandauer Strasse stop.
By car
From the Berlin ring, follow the Centrum sign, then Brandenburger Tor (on the west side) or Alexanderplatz - Alexanderplatz (on the east side of the street). There are several parking garages close to Unter den Linden.
By taxi
Unter den Linden is easily accessible by Uber or Berlin Taxi.
Video about Unter den Linden
Unter den Linden(German: Unter den Linden) is one of the most famous alleys in Berlin. Its name can be translated into Russian Under the Lindens. Here are all the symbols of Prussia and the German Empire: the old Arsenal (German: Zeughaus), which now houses the Museum of German History, the Berlin State Opera, the Brandenburg Gate, the Humboldt University, and others. Many buildings were thoroughly damaged during the Second World War.
Lindens appeared on the site of the current Unter den Linden in 1647. by order of Elector Friedrich Wilhelm. On this road, the "Great Elector" rode on horseback from the royal palace to his hunting grounds in the Tiergarten. 1000 lime trees and 1000 walnut trees formed a six-row alley in 1770.
Frederick II decided to build up the alley with front buildings. For this, 44 houses were demolished, which did not meet the Elector's ideas about architecture. In their place, 33 mansions for the highest nobility and spacious houses for wealthy citizens were built. The dusty road turned into an elegant alley that became the hallmark of the Prussian capital.
Hi, dear friends. “Under the lime trees” is the translation of the name of one of the most famous streets in Berlin. Street Unter den Linden in Berlin received such a harmonious and romantic name due to one of its distinctive features. You probably already guessed which one. Lindens are the main decoration of this street.
Unter den Linden (Unter den Linden) starts at Paris Square and ends near the Palace Bridge, crossing the Spree.
The first trees appeared on the site of the modern street in 1647 at the behest of Friedrich Wilhelm. They were supposed to decorate the path of the elector from the palace to the hunting grounds in the Tiergarten. A thousand lindens and the same number of walnut trees formed a cozy alley.
A new stage in the history of the street began in 1770, when, by order of Frederick II, houses were demolished that did not meet the emperor's ideas about beauty. Instead of them, ceremonial buildings grew, and then trees. So rich mansions of the nobility appeared here, and the new elegant street became the “face” of the capital.
Now the western section of the boulevard, running from the Brandenburg Gate to the Greater Tiergarten, bears the name of the street June 17th.
What to watch
For a long time, this boulevard was considered a kind of "showcase" of Germany. And now tourists are flocking here. What awaits us on the main alley of the city?
Firstly, a meeting with the only surviving city gates on the territory of Berlin.
The oldest university in the city, Humboldt University, is also located here. It was founded by 1809 at the request of W. von Humboldt. A year later, classes began to be held there. In the 19th century, the university was considered one of the most influential scientific centers in Europe.
A variety of buildings adorn the boulevard. Among them are palaces. The Crown Princes' Palace is an example of late classicism architecture. At the beginning of the 20th century, it housed the Museum of Modern Art.
During World War II it was completely destroyed. Now the palace is completely restored. It hosts various exhibitions and cultural events of the city.
The Palace of the Princesses is the former residence of the Hohenzollerns. This building was also significantly damaged during the hostilities. Now the building of the palace is occupied by Opernpalais - a gastronomic complex.
Another attraction of the famous boulevard is the Berlin State Opera. The theater is one of the oldest and largest theaters in Germany. It was founded in 1742.
No less famous is another building of the famous street - the largest Evangelical church in the country. This baroque cathedral was built towards the end of the 19th century. Among its treasures are the crypt of the Hohenzollern dynasty and an organ by Wilhelm Sauer.
The oldest building on the boulevard is the Zeikhgauz. In 1695, it began to be built as an arsenal. At different times, different famous architects worked on it. Construction was completed only in 1730. Now there is a museum here.
Walking along Unter den Linden, you will notice a complex of several similar buildings. This is the Embassy of the Russian Federation. It occupies an impressive building of classicism style, which is an architectural monument.
Unter den Linden in old photos
I have placed one of the first images of the street above. The figure shows part of the alley leading to the park.
The next three photographs show what Unter den Linden looked like in 1861.
Berlin. Unter den Linden. Victoria Hotel
"
Berlin. Unter den Linden. Cafe "Bauer"
This photo shows a street at the beginning of the 20th century.
During the time of Hitler, a huge number of old trees were cut down on the boulevard and the beautiful alley became a wide avenue. This is how it began to look by 1937.
After World War II, Berlin was badly damaged.
This photograph of a street refers to the period of division of Germany into the FRG and the GDR.
How the street looks now you can see for yourself. And your photo will take its place in a series of historical photographs)
Recreation and entertainment
Long walks around the city are tiring, we all know that. Therefore, sometimes you want to eat delicious food, relax and just relax. On the main street of the country, an abundance of restaurants. One of the most famous is Dressler. Here you can taste pan-European cuisine and traditional German dishes.
But among the hotels we single out Hotel Adlon. The modern building of this luxurious hotel was built at the end of the 20th century on the site of the historic building of Adlon.
From the very first days of Adlon's existence, nobility settled here. Already by the beginning of the 20th century, the rooms of this hotel were heated and had electricity. The restaurant Lorenz Adlon now operates here.
How to get there
- by underground line U-55 to Brandenburger Tor station.
- by city train on lines S-1, S-2 also to Brandenburger Tor.
Unter den Linden on the map
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: 52°31′01″ s. sh. 13°23′21″ in. d. / 52.51694° N sh. 13.38917° E d./ 52.51694; 13.38917(G) (I)
The length of the street is 1390 meters, the maximum width is 60 meters. The street goes from the Brandenburg Gate and Paris Square east to the river Spree, where Unter den Linden is replaced by Friedrich Wilhelm Street, renamed after World War II into the GDR in Karl-Liebknecht-Straße (German. Karl Liebknecht Strasse).
Story
Lindens appeared on the site of the modern boulevard in 1647 on the orders of Friedrich Wilhelm. On this road the "Great Elector" rode on horseback from the royal palace to his hunting grounds in the Tiergarten. 1,000 linden trees and 1,000 walnut trees formed an alley in six rows. In 1770, Frederick II decided to build up the alley with front buildings. For this, 44 houses were demolished, which did not meet the ideas of the elector. In their place, 33 mansions for the highest nobility and spacious houses for wealthy citizens were built. The dusty road turned into an elegant street that became the hallmark of the Prussian capital.
The western part of the street, running from the Brandenburg Gate to the west and passing through the Great Tiergarten park, is now called June 17 Street in memory of the tragic events in the GDR on June 17, 1953 (the suppression of a popular uprising by the communists).
Attractions
In culture
- “In fact, I don’t know a more majestic view than the one that opens from the bridge towards the limes; one splendid building crowds another here.”, - wrote Heinrich Heine, who studied jurisprudence in Berlin in 1823.
- Leonid Utyosov's song "On Unter den Linden" is dedicated to the life of Berliners during the Great Patriotic War - from the beginning of the campaign to the east to the devastating bombardments.
- Impressed by Unter den Linden, the Tatar and Bashkir poet Nazar Najmi, who visited Berlin during the Great Patriotic War, wrote the poem "Ufa Limes" (tat. Ufa yukalare), which formed the basis of the song performed by Alsou.
- One of the paintings by Konstantin Vasiliev is called "The sky over Unter den Linden".
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Links
- 360° panorama (German)
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An excerpt characterizing Unter den Linden
Although none of the column commanders drove up to the ranks and did not speak with the soldiers (the column commanders, as we saw at the military council, were out of sorts and dissatisfied with the work being undertaken, and therefore only carried out orders and did not care to amuse the soldiers), despite On top of that, the soldiers went merrily, as always, going into action, especially in the offensive. But, after passing through a dense fog for about an hour, most of the troops had to stop, and an unpleasant consciousness of disorder and confusion swept through the ranks. How this consciousness is transmitted is very difficult to determine; but what is certain is that it is conveyed with unusual fidelity and quickly overflows, imperceptibly and irresistibly, like water down a hollow. If the Russian army had been alone, without allies, then, perhaps, a long time would have passed before this consciousness of disorder would become a general confidence; but now, with particular pleasure and naturalness, attributing the cause of the disturbances to the stupid Germans, everyone was convinced that a harmful confusion was taking place, which the sausage workers had done.- What have become then? Al blocked? Or did you stumble upon a Frenchman?
- No, don't hear it. And then he would start firing.
- Then they hurried to speak, but they spoke - they stood uselessly in the middle of the field - all the damned Germans confuse. Eki stupid devils!
- Then I would let them go ahead. And then, I suppose, they huddle behind. Now stop and don't eat.
- Yes, will it be there soon? The cavalry, they say, blocked the road, - said the officer.
“Oh, the damned Germans, they don’t know their land,” said another.
What division are you? shouted the adjutant as he drove up.
- Eighteenth.
"So why are you here?" you should have been ahead long ago, now you won’t get through until evening.
- These are stupid orders; they don’t know what they are doing,” the officer said and drove off.
Then a general drove by and angrily shouted something not in Russian.
“Tafa lafa, and what he mumbles, you can’t make out anything,” the soldier said, mimicking the general who had left. “I would have shot them, scoundrels!”
- At the ninth hour it was ordered to be on the spot, but we didn’t get even half. Here are the orders! – repeated from different sides.
And the feeling of energy with which the troops went into action began to turn into annoyance and anger at the stupid orders and at the Germans.
The reason for the confusion was that during the movement of the Austrian cavalry, marching on the left flank, the higher authorities found that our center was too far from the right flank, and the entire cavalry was ordered to move to the right side. Several thousand cavalry advanced ahead of the infantry, and the infantry had to wait.
Ahead there was a clash between an Austrian column leader and a Russian general. The Russian general shouted, demanding that the cavalry be stopped; the Austrian argued that it was not he who was to blame, but the higher authorities. Meanwhile, the troops stood, bored and discouraged. After an hour's delay, the troops finally moved on and began to descend downhill. The mist that dispersed on the mountain only spread thicker in the lower parts, where the troops descended. Ahead, in the fog, one shot, another shot rang out, at first awkwardly at different intervals: draft ... tat, and then more and more smoothly and more often, and the affair began over the Goldbach River.
Not expecting to meet the enemy below over the river and accidentally stumbling upon him in the fog, not hearing a word of inspiration from the highest commanders, with the consciousness spreading through the troops that it was too late, and, most importantly, in thick fog not seeing anything ahead and around them, the Russians lazily and slowly exchanged fire with the enemy, moved forward and stopped again, not receiving orders from the commanders and adjutants during the time, who wandered through the fog in an unfamiliar area, not finding their troops. Thus began the case for the first, second and third columns, which went down. The fourth column, with which Kutuzov himself was, stood on the Pratsen Heights.
There was still thick fog downstairs, where the affair had begun, and it cleared up above, but nothing of what was going on ahead could be seen. Whether all the enemy forces were, as we assumed, ten miles away from us, or whether he was here, in this line of fog, no one knew until the ninth hour.
It was 9 o'clock in the morning. Fog spread like a solid sea along the bottom, but at the village of Shlapanitsa, at the height on which Napoleon stood, surrounded by his marshals, it was completely light. Above him was a clear, blue sky, and a huge ball of the sun, like a huge hollow crimson float, swayed on the surface of a milky sea of fog. Not only all the French troops, but Napoleon himself with his headquarters were not on the other side of the streams and the lower villages of Sokolnits and Shlapanits, behind which we intended to take a position and start the business, but on this side, so close to our troops that Napoleon with a simple eye could in our army to distinguish horse from foot. Napoleon stood a little ahead of his marshals on a small gray Arabian horse, in a blue greatcoat, in the same one in which he made the Italian campaign. He silently peered into the hills, which seemed to emerge from a sea of fog, and along which Russian troops were moving in the distance, and listened to the sounds of shooting in the hollow. At that time, his still thin face did not move a single muscle; shining eyes were fixed fixedly on one place. His guesses turned out to be correct. Part of the Russian troops had already descended into the hollow to the ponds and lakes, partly they were clearing those Pracen heights, which he intended to attack and considered the key to the position. In the midst of the fog, in the deepening made up by two mountains near the village of Prats, Russian columns were moving in the same direction towards the hollows, shining with bayonets, and one after another they were hiding in a sea of fog. According to the information he had received in the evening, from the sounds of wheels and steps heard at night at outposts, from the disorderly movement of Russian columns, according to all assumptions, he clearly saw that the allies considered him far ahead of them, that the columns moving near Pratsen constituted the center of the Russian army, and that the center is already sufficiently weakened to successfully attack it. But he still hasn't started the business.