Introduction:
The federal law is aimed at ensuring state guarantees and the implementation of the constitutional right of citizens to education, on the legal regulation of relations in the field of education in order to ensure and protect the interests of the individual, society and the state.
The federal law regulates the legal status of educational organizations (state, municipal, private), organizations providing training, individual entrepreneurs and the procedure for their educational activities, establishes the rights and obligations of students and their parents (legal representatives), pedagogical and other employees of educational organizations, and as well as measures of their social security.
The federal law defines the principles and mechanisms for exercising the right of citizens to an accessible, free and high-quality education, including the status and significance of federal state educational standards, the procedure for admission to organizations engaged in educational activities, the procedure for development and implementation features educational programs depending on the level and direction of education.
The levels of general education are established (pre-school education, primary general education, basic general education, secondary general education) and vocational education (secondary professional education, higher education - bachelor's degree, higher education - specialist's degree, master's degree, higher education - training of highly qualified personnel). In addition, issues of obtaining additional education and vocational training are regulated.
The federal law establishes the powers of federal state authorities, state authorities of subjects Russian Federation, local self-government bodies in the field of education, the procedure for licensing, state accreditation of educational activities, state control (supervision) in the field of education is determined.
The Federal Law also contains norms concerning the determination of the standards for financing educational activities carried out at the expense of the relevant budgets of the budgetary system of the Russian Federation.
In general, the Federal Law is a single comprehensive regulatory legal act that regulates public relations in the field of education, taking into account the types, levels, forms of education, as well as the needs and interests of students.
From the date of entry into force of the Federal Law, the Law of the Russian Federation "On Education" and the Federal Law "On Higher and Postgraduate Professional Education" are recognized as invalid.
Federal Law of the Russian Federation of December 29, 2012 N 273-FZ "On Education in the Russian Federation"
Chapter 1. General Provisions
Article 1. Subject of regulation of this Federal Law
1. The subject of regulation of this Federal Law are public relations arising in the field of education in connection with the realization of the right to education, the provision of state guarantees of human rights and freedoms in the field of education and the creation of conditions for the realization of the right to education (hereinafter - relations in the field of education).
2. This Federal Law establishes the legal, organizational and economic foundations of education in the Russian Federation, the basic principles of the state policy of the Russian Federation in the field of education, general rules the functioning of the education system and the implementation of educational activities, determines legal status participants in relations in the field of education.
Article 2. Basic concepts used in this Federal Law
For the purposes of this Federal Law, the following basic concepts shall apply:
1) education- a single purposeful process of education and training, which is a socially significant good and is carried out in the interests of a person, family, society and the state, as well as a set of acquired knowledge, skills, values, experience and competence of a certain volume and complexity for the purposes of intellectual, spiritual - moral, creative, physical and (or) professional development of a person, satisfaction of his educational needs and interests;
2) upbringing- activities aimed at personal development, creating conditions for self-determination and socialization of the student on the basis of socio-cultural, spiritual and moral values and rules and norms of behavior accepted in society in the interests of the individual, family, society and the state;
3) education- a purposeful process of organizing the activities of students to acquire knowledge, skills, abilities and competencies, gain experience in activities, develop abilities, gain experience in applying knowledge in Everyday life and the formation of students' motivation to receive education throughout their lives;
4) the level of education- a completed cycle of education, characterized by a certain unified set of requirements;
5) qualification- the level of knowledge, skills, abilities and competence, characterizing the readiness to perform a certain type professional activity;
6) federal state educational standard- a set of mandatory requirements for education of a certain level and (or) for a profession, specialty and area of training, approved by the federal executive body responsible for developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of education;
7) educational standard- a set of mandatory requirements for higher education in specialties and areas of training, approved by educational organizations higher education determined by this Federal Law or a decree of the President of the Russian Federation;
8) federal government requirements- mandatory requirements for a minimum content, the structure of additional professional programs, the conditions for their implementation and the terms of study for these programs, approved in accordance with this Federal Law by the authorized federal executive bodies;
9) educational program- a complex of the main characteristics of education (volume, content, planned results), organizational and pedagogical conditions and, in cases provided for by this Federal Law, forms of certification, which is presented in the form of a curriculum, calendar training schedule, work programs subjects, courses, disciplines (modules), other components, as well as assessment and teaching materials;
10) exemplary basic educational program- educational and methodological documentation (exemplary curriculum, exemplary calendar study schedule, exemplary work programs of subjects, courses, disciplines (modules), other components), which determines the recommended volume and content of education of a certain level and (or) a certain focus, the planned results of mastering educational program, approximate conditions for educational activities, including approximate calculations of the standard costs of providing public services for the implementation of the educational program;
11) general education- a type of education that is aimed at developing the personality and acquiring in the process of mastering the basic general educational programs knowledge, abilities, skills and the formation of competencies necessary for a person's life in society, a conscious choice of profession and obtaining professional education;
12) professional education- a type of education that is aimed at acquiring by students in the process of mastering the basic professional educational programs knowledge, skills, and the formation of competence of a certain level and volume, allowing them to conduct professional activities in a certain area and (or) perform work in a specific profession or specialty;
13) professional education- a type of education that is aimed at acquiring by students the knowledge, skills and competencies necessary to perform certain labor, service functions (certain types of labor, official activity, professions);
14) additional education - a type of education that is aimed at the comprehensive satisfaction of the educational needs of a person in the intellectual, spiritual, moral, physical and (or) professional development and is not accompanied by an increase in the level of education;
15) student- an individual studying an educational program;
16) student with handicapped health- an individual with disabilities in physical and (or) psychological development, confirmed by the psychological-medical-pedagogical commission and preventing education without creating special conditions;
17) educational activities- activities for the implementation of educational programs;
18)educational organization- a non-profit organization that carries out educational activities on the basis of a license as the main type of activity in accordance with the goals for the achievement of which such an organization was created;
19) organization providing training- a legal entity carrying out, on the basis of a license, along with the main activity, educational activities as an additional type of activity;
20) organizations carrying out educational activities, - educational organizations and organizations providing training. For the purposes of this Federal Law, individual entrepreneurs engaged in educational activities are equated with organizations engaged in educational activities, unless otherwise provided by this Federal Law;
21) pedagogical worker- an individual who is in labor, service relations with an organization engaged in educational activities, and performs the duties of training, educating students and (or) organizing educational activities;
22) academic plan- a document that defines the list, labor intensity, sequence and distribution by periods of study of subjects, courses, disciplines (modules), practice, other types learning activities and, unless otherwise provided by this Federal Law, forms of intermediate certification of students;
23) individual study plan- a curriculum that ensures the development of an educational program based on the individualization of its content, taking into account the characteristics and educational needs of a particular student;
24) practice- type of educational activity aimed at the formation, consolidation, development of practical skills and competence in the process of performing certain types of work related to future professional activities;
25) orientation (profile) of education- orientation of the educational program to specific areas of knowledge and (or) types of activities, which determines its subject and thematic content, the prevailing types of educational activities of the student and the requirements for the results of mastering the educational program;
26) means of education and upbringing- devices, equipment, including sports equipment and inventory, instruments (including musical ones), educational and visual aids, computers, information and telecommunication networks, hardware, software and audiovisual means, printed and electronic educational and information resources and other material objects, necessary for the organization of educational activities;
27) inclusive education- ensuring equal access to education for all students, taking into account the diversity of special educational needs and individual opportunities;
28) adapted educational program- an educational program adapted for training people with disabilities, taking into account the peculiarities of their psychophysical development, individual capabilities and, if necessary, providing correction of developmental disorders and social adaptation specified persons;
29) the quality of education- a comprehensive description of the educational activities and training of the student, expressing the degree of their compliance with federal state educational standards, educational standards, federal state requirements and (or) the needs of an individual or legal entity in whose interests educational activities are carried out, including the degree of achievement of the planned results of the educational program;
30) relations in the field of education- a set of public relations for the realization of the right of citizens to education, the purpose of which is the development by students of the content of educational programs (educational relations), and public relations that are associated with educational relations and the purpose of which is to create conditions for the realization of the rights of citizens to education;
31) participants in educational relations- students, parents (legal representatives) of underage students, teachers and their representatives, organizations engaged in educational activities;
32) participants in relations in the field of education- participants in educational relations and federal government bodies, public authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments, employers and their associations;
33) conflict of interest of a teacher- a situation in which a teacher in the exercise of his professional activities has a personal interest in obtaining material benefits or other advantages and which affects or may affect the proper performance of professional duties by a teacher due to a contradiction between his personal interest and the interests of the student, parents (legal representatives ) minor students;
34) babysitting and child care- a set of measures for catering and household services for children, ensuring their compliance with personal hygiene and daily routine.
Article 3. Basic principles of state policy and legal regulation of relations in the field of education
1. State policy and legal regulation of relations in the field of education are based on the following principles:
1) recognition of the priority of education;
2) ensuring the right of every person to education, inadmissibility of discrimination in the field of education;
3) the humanistic nature of education, the priority of human life and health, the rights and freedoms of the individual, the free development of the individual, the education of mutual respect, diligence, citizenship, patriotism, responsibility, legal culture, respect for nature and the environment, environmental management;
4) unity educational space on the territory of the Russian Federation, protection and development of ethno-cultural features and traditions of the peoples of the Russian Federation in the conditions of a multinational state;
5) creation of favorable conditions for the integration of the education system of the Russian Federation with the education systems of other states on an equal and mutually beneficial basis;
6) the secular nature of education in state, municipal organizations those carrying out educational activities;
7) the freedom to choose education according to the inclinations and needs of a person, the creation of conditions for the self-realization of each person, the free development of his abilities, including the provision of the right to choose the forms of education, forms of education, the organization that carries out educational activities, the direction of education within the limits provided by the education system, as well as providing teachers with freedom in choosing forms of education, methods of teaching and education;
8) ensuring the right to education throughout life in accordance with the needs of the individual, the adaptability of the education system to the level of training, developmental characteristics, abilities and interests of a person;
9) autonomy of educational organizations, academic rights and freedoms of teachers and students, provided for by this Federal Law, information openness and public reporting of educational organizations;
10) the democratic nature of education management, ensuring the rights of teachers, students, parents (legal representatives) of minor students to participate in the management of educational organizations;
11) the inadmissibility of restricting or eliminating competition in the field of education;
12) a combination of state and contractual regulation of relations in the field of education.
2. The Government of the Russian Federation annually, within the framework of ensuring the implementation of a unified state policy in the field of education, submits to the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation a report on the implementation of state policy in the field of education and publishes it on the official website of the Government of the Russian Federation in the information and telecommunication network "Internet" (hereinafter - the network "Internet").
Article 4. Legal regulation of relations in the field of education
1. Relations in the field of education are regulated by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, this Federal Law, as well as other federal laws, other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, laws and other regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, containing norms governing relations in the field of education (hereinafter referred to as legislation about education).
2. The objectives of the legal regulation of relations in the field of education are the establishment of state guarantees, mechanisms for the implementation of human rights and freedoms in the field of education, the creation of conditions for the development of the education system, the protection of the rights and interests of participants in relations in the field of education.
3. The main tasks of legal regulation of relations in the field of education are:
1) ensuring and protecting the constitutional right of citizens of the Russian Federation to education;
2) creation of legal, economic and financial terms for the free functioning and development of the education system of the Russian Federation;
3) creation of legal guarantees for harmonizing the interests of participants in relations in the field of education;
4) determination of the legal status of participants in relations in the field of education;
5) creation of conditions for obtaining education in the Russian Federation by foreign citizens and stateless persons;
6) delimitation of powers in the field of education between federal state authorities, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local governments.
4. The rules governing relations in the field of education and contained in other federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, laws and other regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, legal acts of local governments must comply with this Federal Law and cannot restrict the rights or reduce the level of provision of guarantees in comparison with the guarantees established by this Federal Law.
5. In case of inconsistency between the norms governing relations in the field of education and contained in other federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, laws and other regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, legal acts of local governments, the norms of this Federal Law, the norms of this Federal Law shall apply. law, unless otherwise provided by this Federal Law.
6. If an international treaty of the Russian Federation establishes rules other than those provided for by this Federal Law, the rules of the international treaty shall apply.
7. The effect of the legislation on education applies to all organizations engaged in educational activities on the territory of the Russian Federation.
8. The legislation on education in relation to the Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, St. Petersburg State University, as well as organizations located on the territory of the Skolkovo Innovation Center and carrying out educational activities, is applied taking into account the specifics established by special federal laws.
9. For citizens undergoing federal public service in the positions of pedagogical and scientific-pedagogical workers, as well as citizens who are in the federal civil service and who are students, the effect of the legislation on education extends with the features provided for by federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation on public service.
Article 5. The right to education. State guarantees for the realization of the right to education in the Russian Federation
1. The Russian Federation guarantees the right of every person to education.
2. The right to education in the Russian Federation is guaranteed regardless of gender, race, nationality, language, origin, property, social and official status, place of residence, attitude to religion, beliefs, membership in public associations, as well as other circumstances.
3. In the Russian Federation, preschool, primary general, basic general and secondary general education, secondary vocational education are guaranteed to be generally accessible and free of charge in accordance with federal state educational standards, as well as free higher education on a competitive basis, if a citizen receives education at this level for the first time.
4. In the Russian Federation, the realization of the right of every person to education is ensured by the creation by federal state bodies, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local government bodies of appropriate socio-economic conditions for its receipt, expansion of opportunities to meet the needs of a person in obtaining education of various levels and directions in throughout life.
5. In order to realize the right of every person to education by federal state bodies, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local governments:
1) the necessary conditions are created for obtaining, without discrimination, high-quality education by persons with disabilities, for the correction of developmental disorders and social adaptation, the provision of early correctional assistance based on special pedagogical approaches and the most suitable languages, methods and ways of communication for these persons and conditions, in contributing to the maximum extent to obtaining education of a certain level and a certain focus, as well as social development these persons, including through the organization of inclusive education for persons with disabilities;
2) assistance is provided to persons who have shown outstanding abilities and who, in accordance with this Federal Law, include students who have shown a high level of intellectual development and creativity in a certain area of educational and research activities, in scientific, technical and artistic creativity, in physical culture and sports;
3) full or partial financial support for the maintenance of persons in need of social support in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation is carried out during the period of their education.
Article 6
1. The powers of federal government bodies in the field of education include:
1) development and implementation of a unified state policy in the field of education;
2) organizing the provision of higher education, including the provision of state guarantees for the exercise of the right to receive free higher education on a competitive basis;
3) organizing the provision of additional professional education in federal state educational organizations;
4) development, approval and implementation government programs Russian Federation, federal targeted programs, implementation international programs in the field of education;
5) creation, reorganization, liquidation of federal state educational organizations, implementation of the functions and powers of the founder of federal state educational organizations;
6) approval of federal state educational standards, establishment of federal state requirements;
7) licensing of educational activities:
a) organizations carrying out educational activities on educational programs of higher education;
b) federal state vocational educational organizations that implement educational programs of secondary vocational education in the areas of defense, production of products for defense orders, internal affairs, security, nuclear energy, transport and communications, high-tech production in specialties, the list of which is approved by the Government of the Russian Federation;
c) Russian educational organizations located outside the territory of the Russian Federation, educational organizations established in accordance with international treaties of the Russian Federation, as well as educational activities of diplomatic missions and consular institutions of the Russian Federation, representative offices of the Russian Federation at international (interstate, intergovernmental) organizations;
d) foreign educational organizations carrying out educational activities at the location of the branch on the territory of the Russian Federation;
8) state accreditation of the educational activities of organizations engaged in educational activities and specified in paragraph 7 of this part, as well as foreign educational organizations engaged in educational activities outside the territory of the Russian Federation;
9) state control (supervision) in the field of education over the activities of organizations specified in paragraph 7 of this part, as well as executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, carrying out public administration in the field of education;
10) formation and maintenance of federal information systems, federal databases in the field of education, including ensuring the confidentiality of personal data contained in them in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation;
11) establishment and assignment state awards, honorary titles, departmental awards and titles to employees of the education system;
12) development of personnel training forecasts, requirements for personnel training based on the forecast of labor market needs;
13) ensuring the implementation of monitoring in the education system at the federal level;
14) exercising other powers in the field of education established in accordance with this Federal Law.
2. Federal state bodies have the right to ensure the organization of the provision of public and free general and secondary vocational education in federal state educational organizations.
Article 7
1. The powers of the Russian Federation in the field of education, transferred for implementation to the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation (hereinafter also referred to as the transferred powers), include the following powers:
1) state control (supervision) in the field of education over the activities of organizations engaged in educational activities on the territory of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation (with the exception of organizations specified in clause 7 of part 1 of Article 6 of this Federal Law), as well as local governments exercising management in the field education in the respective territory;
2) licensing of educational activities of organizations engaged in educational activities on the territory of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation (with the exception of organizations specified in Clause 7 of Part 1 of Article 6 of this Federal Law);
3) state accreditation of educational activities of organizations engaged in educational activities on the territory of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation (with the exception of organizations specified in clause 7 of part 1 of article 6 of this Federal Law);
4) confirmation of documents on education and (or) qualifications.
2. Financial support for the exercise of delegated powers, with the exception of the powers specified in Part 10 of this article, is carried out at the expense of subventions from the federal budget, as well as within the limits of budgetary appropriations provided for in the budget of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation for these purposes, not less than in the amount of planned revenues to the budget of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation from the payment of state duty related to the exercise of transferred powers and credited to the budget of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation in accordance with the Budget Code of the Russian Federation.
3. The total amount of subventions from the federal budget to the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation for the exercise of delegated powers is determined on the basis of a methodology approved by the Government of the Russian Federation, based on:
1) the number of municipal districts and urban districts on the territory of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, intra-city municipalities of the federal cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg;
2) the number of organizations engaged in educational activities and their branches, in respect of which the powers of state control (supervision) in the field of education, licensing of educational activities and state accreditation of educational activities have been transferred to state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
4. Funds for the implementation of delegated powers are targeted and cannot be used for other purposes.
5. In the event that the funds provided for the exercise of delegated powers are used for other than their intended purpose, the federal executive body exercising the functions of control and supervision in the financial and budgetary sphere shall recover the said funds in the manner established by the budgetary legislation of the Russian Federation.
6. The federal executive body responsible for the development of state policy and legal regulation in the field of education:
1) adopts regulatory legal acts on the implementation of delegated powers, including administrative regulations for the provision of public services and the execution state functions in the sphere of delegated powers, and also has the right to set target forecast indicators for the exercise of delegated powers;
2) coordinates the appointment to the position of the heads of the executive authorities of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation exercising the delegated powers;
3) on the proposal of the federal executive body exercising the functions of control and supervision in the field of education, makes proposals to the Government of the Russian Federation on the withdrawal of the powers of the Russian Federation in the field of education, transferred for implementation to the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, from the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation; Federations;
4) based on the results of the annual report on the implementation by state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation of the delegated powers, prepares proposals for improving the legislation on education.
7. The federal executive body exercising the functions of control and supervision in the field of education:
1) exercises control over the legal regulation carried out by the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation on issues of delegated powers, with the right to send binding orders to cancel regulatory legal acts or to amend them;
2) exercises control and supervision over the completeness and quality of the exercise by state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation of delegated powers with the right to conduct inspections of the relevant state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as the organizations specified in clause 1 of part 1 of this article, engaged in educational activities, and has the right issuance of binding orders to eliminate the identified violations, sending proposals for the removal from office of officials of the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation exercising transferred powers for non-execution or improper performance of these powers;
3) coordinates the structure of the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation exercising the delegated powers;
5) establishes requirements for the content and forms of reporting, as well as the procedure for reporting on the exercise of delegated powers;
6) analyzes the reasons for the identified violations in the exercise of delegated powers, takes measures to eliminate the identified violations;
7) submit to the federal executive body responsible for the development of state policy and legal regulation in the field of education, an annual report on the exercise by state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation of the delegated powers.
8. The highest official of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation (head of the highest executive body of state power of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation):
1) appoints the heads of the executive authorities of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation exercising delegated powers, in agreement with the federal executive authority responsible for the development of state policy and legal regulation in the field of education;
2) approves, in agreement with the federal executive body exercising the functions of control and supervision in the field of education, the structure of the executive authorities of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation exercising the delegated powers;
3) organize activities for the implementation of delegated powers in accordance with the legislation on education;
4) ensures the provision to the federal executive body exercising the functions of control and supervision in the field of education:
a) a quarterly report on the spending of the provided subventions, on the achievement of target forecast indicators;
b) the required number of copies of normative legal acts adopted by state authorities of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation on issues of delegated powers;
c) information (including databases) necessary for the formation and maintenance of federal databases on issues of control and supervision in the field of education;
5) has the right, prior to the adoption of the regulatory legal acts specified in clause 1 of part 6 of this article, to approve administrative regulations for the provision of public services and the performance of public functions in the area of delegated powers, if these regulations do not contradict the regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation (including do not contain additional requirements and restrictions not provided for by such acts in terms of the implementation of the rights and freedoms of citizens, the rights and legitimate interests of organizations) and are developed taking into account the requirements for the regulations for the provision of public services by federal executive authorities and the performance of public functions.
9. Control over the spending of funds for the implementation of transferred powers is carried out within the established competence by the federal executive body exercising the functions of control and supervision in the financial and budgetary sphere, the federal executive body exercising the functions of control and supervision in the field of education, the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation.
10. Financial support for the implementation of the delegated powers to confirm documents on education and (or) qualifications is carried out within the budgetary allocations provided for in the budget of the subject of the Russian Federation for these purposes, not less than in the amount of planned revenues to the budget of the subject of the Russian Federation from the payment of state duty, associated with the exercise of delegated powers and credited to the budget of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation in accordance with the Budget Code of the Russian Federation.
Article 8
1. The powers of state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the field of education include:
1) development and implementation of regional programs for the development of education, taking into account regional socio-economic, environmental, demographic, ethno-cultural and other characteristics of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
2) creation, reorganization, liquidation of educational organizations of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, implementation of the functions and powers of the founders of educational organizations of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
3) ensuring state guarantees for the realization of the rights to receive public and free pre-school education in municipal pre-school educational organizations, public and free pre-school, primary general, basic general, secondary general education in municipal general educational organizations, ensuring additional education of children in municipal general educational organizations through the provision of subventions local budgets, including labor costs, the purchase of textbooks and teaching aids, teaching aids, games, toys (with the exception of the costs of maintaining buildings and paying for utilities), in accordance with the standards determined by the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
4) organizing the provision of general education in state educational organizations of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
5) creation of conditions for the supervision and care of children, the maintenance of children in state educational organizations of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
6) financial support for the receipt of preschool education in private preschool educational organizations, preschool, primary general, basic general, secondary general education in private general education organizations that carry out educational activities according to state-accredited basic general education programs, by providing these educational organizations with subsidies for reimbursement of costs, including the costs of wages, the purchase of textbooks and teaching aids, teaching aids, games, toys (except for the costs of maintaining buildings and paying utility bills), in accordance with the standards specified in clause 3 of this part;
7) organization of the provision of secondary vocational education, including the provision of state guarantees for the realization of the right to receive public and free secondary vocational education;
8) organizing the provision of additional education for children in state educational organizations of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
9) organizing the provision of additional professional education in state educational organizations of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
10) organizing the provision of municipal educational organizations and educational organizations of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation with textbooks in accordance with the federal list of textbooks recommended for use in the implementation of state-accredited educational programs of primary general, basic general, secondary general education by organizations engaged in educational activities, and teaching aids, approved for use in the implementation of these educational programs;
11) ensuring the implementation of monitoring in the education system at the level of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
12) organization of the provision of psychological, pedagogical, medical and social assistance to students experiencing difficulties in mastering basic general educational programs, their development and social adaptation;
13) exercise of other powers established by this Federal Law in the field of education.
2. State authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation have the right to additional financial support for catering activities for students in municipal educational institutions and students in private general education institutions for state-accredited basic general education programs, as well as the provision of state support for additional education of children in municipal educational institutions.
3. State authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation shall have the right to organize the provision of higher education on a competitive basis in educational institutions of higher education of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
Article 9
1. To the powers of local self-government bodies of municipal districts and urban districts to resolve issues local importance in the field of education include:
1) organizing the provision of public and free preschool, primary general, basic general, secondary general education in basic general education programs in municipal educational organizations (with the exception of the powers to financially support the implementation of basic general education programs in accordance with federal state educational standards);
2) organizing the provision of additional education for children in municipal educational organizations (with the exception of additional education for children, the financial support of which is carried out by state authorities of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation);
3) creation of conditions for the implementation of supervision and care for children, the maintenance of children in municipal educational organizations;
4) creation, reorganization, liquidation of municipal educational organizations (with the exception of the creation by local governments of municipal districts of municipal educational organizations of higher education), the implementation of the functions and powers of the founders of municipal educational organizations;
5) ensuring the maintenance of buildings and structures of municipal educational organizations, the arrangement of territories adjacent to them;
6) registration of children subject to education in educational programs of preschool, primary general, basic general and secondary general education, assignment of municipal educational organizations to specific territories of a municipal district, urban district;
7) exercising other powers in the field of education established by this Federal Law.
2. In the constituent entities of the Russian Federation - cities of federal significance Moscow and St. Petersburg, the powers of local self-government bodies of intracity municipalities in the field of education, including the assignment of educational organizations of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation to specific territories, are established by the laws of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation - cities of federal significance Moscow and St. Petersburg.
3. Bodies of local self-government of municipal districts have the right to exercise the functions of founders of municipal educational organizations of higher education that are under their jurisdiction as of December 31, 2008.
4. Local self-government bodies of urban districts have the right to organize the provision of higher education on a competitive basis in municipal educational institutions of higher education.
Chapter 2. Education system
Article 10. Structure of the education system
1. The education system includes:
1) federal state educational standards and federal state requirements, educational standards, educational programs of various types, levels and (or) directions;
2) organizations engaged in educational activities, teachers, students and parents (legal representatives) of underage students;
3) federal state bodies and state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation exercising state management in the field of education, and local government bodies exercising management in the field of education, advisory, advisory and other bodies created by them;
4) organizations providing educational activities, assessing the quality of education;
5) associations of legal entities, employers and their associations, public associations operating in the field of education.
2. Education is divided into general education, vocational education, additional education and vocational training, which ensure the possibility of exercising the right to education throughout life (lifelong education).
3. General education and vocational education are implemented according to the levels of education.
4. The following levels of general education are established in the Russian Federation:
1) preschool education;
2) primary general education;
3) basic general education;
4) secondary general education.
5. The following levels of vocational education are established in the Russian Federation:
1) secondary vocational education;
2) higher education - bachelor's degree;
3) higher education - specialty, magistracy;
4) higher education - training of highly qualified personnel.
6. Additional education includes such subspecies as additional education for children and adults and additional vocational education.
7. The education system creates conditions for continuous education through the implementation of basic educational programs and various additional educational programs, providing the opportunity for the simultaneous development of several educational programs, as well as taking into account existing education, qualifications, and practical experience in obtaining education.
Article 11. Federal state educational standards and federal state requirements. Educational standards
1. Federal state educational standards and federal state requirements provide:
1) the unity of the educational space of the Russian Federation;
2) continuity of the main educational programs;
3) the variability of the content of educational programs of the corresponding level of education, the possibility of forming educational programs of various levels of complexity and focus, taking into account the educational needs and abilities of students;
4) state guarantees of the level and quality of education based on the unity of mandatory requirements for the conditions for the implementation of basic educational programs and the results of their development.
2. Federal state educational standards, with the exception of the federal state educational standard for preschool education, educational standards are the basis for an objective assessment of compliance with the established requirements of educational activities and training of students who have mastered educational programs of the appropriate level and relevant focus, regardless of the form of education and the form of education.
3. Federal state educational standards include requirements for:
1) the structure of the main educational programs (including the ratio of the mandatory part of the main educational program and the part formed by the participants in educational relations) and their volume;
2) conditions for the implementation of basic educational programs, including personnel, financial, logistical and other conditions;
3) the results of mastering the main educational programs.
4. Federal state educational standards establish terms for obtaining general education and vocational education, taking into account various forms of education, educational technologies and features of certain categories of students.
5. Federal state educational standards for general education are developed according to the levels of education, federal state educational standards for vocational education may also be developed according to professions, specialties and areas of training at the corresponding levels of vocational education.
6. In order to ensure the realization of the right to education of students with disabilities, federal state educational standards for the education of these persons are established or special requirements are included in federal state educational standards.
7. When forming the federal state educational standards for vocational education, the provisions of the relevant professional standards are taken into account.
8. Lists of professions, specialties and areas of training, indicating the qualifications assigned to the relevant professions, specialties and areas of training, the procedure for the formation of these lists are approved by the federal executive body in charge of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of education. When approving new lists of professions, specialties and areas of training, the federal executive body responsible for the development of state policy and legal regulation in the field of education may establish the correspondence of the individual professions, specialties and areas of training specified in these lists to professions, specialties and areas of training indicated in the previous lists of professions, specialties and areas of training.
9. The procedure for developing, approving federal state educational standards and making changes to them is established by the Government of the Russian Federation.
10. Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, St. Petersburg State University, educational organizations of higher education, in respect of which the category "federal university" or "national research university" is established, as well as federal state educational organizations of higher education, the list of which is approved by decree of the President of the Russian Federation , has the right to develop and approve independently educational standards for all levels of higher education. The requirements for the conditions of implementation and the results of mastering educational programs of higher education included in such educational standards cannot be lower than the relevant requirements of federal state educational standards.
Article 12. Educational programs
1. Educational programs determine the content of education. The content of education should promote mutual understanding and cooperation between people, nations, regardless of racial, national, ethnic, religious and social affiliation, take into account the diversity of worldview approaches, promote the realization of the right of students to free choice opinions and beliefs, to ensure the development of the abilities of each person, the formation and development of his personality in accordance with the spiritual, moral and socio-cultural values accepted in the family and society. The content of vocational education and vocational training should ensure the acquisition of qualifications.
2. In the Russian Federation, basic educational programs are implemented in terms of the levels of general and vocational education, in terms of vocational training, and additional educational programs in terms of additional education.
3. The main educational programs include:
1) basic general education programs - educational programs of preschool education, educational programs of primary general education, educational programs of basic general education, educational programs of secondary general education;
2) basic professional educational programs:
a) educational programs of secondary vocational education - training programs for skilled workers, employees, training programs for mid-level specialists;
b) educational programs of higher education - bachelor's degree programs, specialist's degree programs, master's programs, programs for the preparation of scientific and pedagogical personnel in postgraduate (adjuncture) studies, residency programs, assistant-internship programs;
3) basic vocational training programs - programs vocational training on professions of workers, positions of employees, retraining programs for workers, employees, advanced training programs for workers, employees.
4. Additional educational programs include:
1) additional general education programs - additional general developmental programs, additional pre-professional programs;
2) additional professional programs - advanced training programs, professional retraining programs.
5. Educational programs are independently developed and approved by the organization carrying out educational activities, unless otherwise provided by this Federal Law.
6. Educational programs for preschool education are developed and approved by the organization carrying out educational activities in accordance with the federal state educational standard for preschool education and taking into account the relevant exemplary educational programs for preschool education.
7. Organizations carrying out educational activities in accordance with state-accredited educational programs (with the exception of educational programs of higher education implemented on the basis of educational standards approved by educational institutions of higher education independently), develop educational programs in accordance with federal state educational standards and taking into account the relevant exemplary main educational programs.
8. Educational organizations of higher education, which, in accordance with this Federal Law, have the right to independently develop and approve educational standards, develop appropriate educational programs of higher education based on such educational standards.
9. Exemplary basic educational programs are developed taking into account their level and focus on the basis of federal state educational standards, unless otherwise provided by this Federal Law.
10. Exemplary basic educational programs are included, based on the results of the examination, in the register of exemplary basic educational programs, which is the state information system. The information contained in the register of exemplary basic educational programs is publicly available.
11. The procedure for developing exemplary basic educational programs, conducting their examination and maintaining a register of exemplary basic educational programs, features of the development, examination and inclusion in such a register of exemplary basic professional educational programs containing information constituting a state secret, and exemplary basic professional educational programs in areas information security, as well as organizations that are granted the right to maintain a register of exemplary basic educational programs, are established by the federal executive body that exercises the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of education, unless otherwise provided by this Federal Law.
12. Authorized state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are involved in the examination of exemplary basic general educational programs, taking into account their level and focus (in terms of taking into account regional, national and ethno-cultural characteristics).
13. The development of exemplary programs for the training of scientific and pedagogical personnel in postgraduate studies is provided by the federal executive authorities, in which the legislation of the Russian Federation provides for military or other service equivalent to it, service in the internal affairs bodies, service in the bodies for controlling the circulation of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances , exemplary postgraduate internship programs - the federal executive body responsible for the development of state policy and legal regulation in the field of culture, exemplary residency programs - the federal executive body responsible for the development of state policy and legal regulation in the field of healthcare .
14. In the cases established by this Federal Law, authorized federal state bodies develop and approve exemplary additional professional programs or standard additional professional programs, in accordance with which organizations engaged in educational activities develop appropriate additional professional programs.
15. In the cases established by this Federal Law and other federal laws, the authorized federal state bodies develop and approve exemplary vocational training programs or standard vocational training programs, in accordance with which organizations engaged in educational activities develop appropriate vocational training programs.
Article 13. General requirements for the implementation of educational programs
1. Educational programs are implemented by an organization carrying out educational activities, both independently and through network forms of their implementation.
2. When implementing educational programs, various educational technologies are used, including distance learning technologies, e-learning.
3. When implementing educational programs by an organization carrying out educational activities, a form of organizing educational activities can be applied, based on the modular principle of presenting the content of the educational program and building curricula, using appropriate educational technologies.
4. To determine the structure of professional educational programs and the complexity of their development, a system of credits can be used. A credit unit is a unified unit for measuring the labor intensity of a student's workload, which includes all types of his educational activities provided for by the curriculum (including classroom and independent work), practice.
5. The number of credits for the main professional educational program for a specific profession, specialty or area of training is established by the relevant federal state educational standard, educational standard. The number of credits for an additional professional program is established by the organization carrying out educational activities.
6. The main professional educational programs provide for the practice of students.
7. The organization of the practice provided for by the educational program is carried out by organizations carrying out educational activities on the basis of agreements with organizations carrying out activities under the educational program of the corresponding profile. The practice can be carried out directly in the organization carrying out educational activities.
8. Regulations on the practice of students mastering basic professional educational programs, and its types are approved by the federal executive body, which performs the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of education.
9. The use in the implementation of educational programs of methods and means of training and education, educational technologies that are harmful to the physical or mental health of students is prohibited.
10. Federal state bodies, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, exercising state administration in the field of education, local governments exercising management in the field of education, are not entitled to change the curriculum and calendar curriculum of organizations engaged in educational activities.
11. The procedure for organizing and carrying out educational activities for the relevant educational programs of various levels and (or) directions or for the corresponding type of education is established by the federal executive body that performs the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of education, unless otherwise established by this Federal law.
Article 14. Language of education
1. In the Russian Federation, education is guaranteed in the state language of the Russian Federation, as well as the choice of the language of instruction and education within the limits of the possibilities provided by the education system.
2. In educational organizations, educational activities are carried out in the state language of the Russian Federation, unless otherwise provided by this article. Teaching and learning state language of the Russian Federation, within the framework of state-accredited educational programs, are carried out in accordance with federal state educational standards, educational standards.
3. In state and municipal educational organizations located on the territory of a republic of the Russian Federation, teaching and learning of the state languages of the republics of the Russian Federation may be introduced in accordance with the legislation of the republics of the Russian Federation. The teaching and study of the state languages of the republics of the Russian Federation within the framework of state-accredited educational programs are carried out in accordance with federal state educational standards, educational standards. Teaching and learning the state languages of the republics of the Russian Federation should not be carried out to the detriment of teaching and learning the state language of the Russian Federation.
4. Citizens of the Russian Federation have the right to receive preschool, primary general and basic general education for mother tongue from among the languages of the peoples of the Russian Federation, as well as the right to learn their native language from among the languages of the peoples of the Russian Federation, within the limits of the opportunities provided by the education system, in the manner established by the legislation on education. The implementation of these rights is ensured by the creation of the necessary number of relevant educational organizations, classes, groups, as well as the conditions for their functioning. Teaching and learning of the native language from among the languages of the peoples of the Russian Federation within the framework of state-accredited educational programs is carried out in accordance with federal state educational standards, educational standards.
5. Education can be obtained at foreign language in accordance with the educational program and in the manner prescribed by the legislation on education and local regulations of the organization carrying out educational activities.
6. The language, languages of education are determined by the local regulations of the organization carrying out educational activities in accordance with the educational programs it implements, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
Article 15. Network form of implementation of educational programs
1. The network form for the implementation of educational programs (hereinafter - the network form) provides the opportunity for students to master the educational program using the resources of several organizations engaged in educational activities, including foreign ones, and also, if necessary, using the resources of other organizations. In the implementation of educational programs using the network form, along with organizations engaged in educational activities, scientific organizations, medical organizations, cultural organizations, physical culture and sports and other organizations that have the resources necessary for training, conducting training and industrial practice and implementation of other types of educational activities provided for by the relevant educational program.
2. The use of the network form for the implementation of educational programs is carried out on the basis of an agreement between the organizations specified in part 1 of this article. To organize the implementation of educational programs using the network form by several organizations engaged in educational activities, such organizations also jointly develop and approve educational programs.
3. The agreement on the network form of implementation of educational programs shall indicate:
1) type, level and (or) focus of the educational program (part of the educational program of a certain level, type and focus), implemented using the network form;
2) the status of students in the organizations specified in part 1 of this article, the rules for admission to study in an educational program implemented using the network form, the procedure for organizing academic mobility of students (for students in basic professional educational programs) mastering the educational program implemented using network form;
3) the conditions and procedure for the implementation of educational activities under the educational program implemented through the network form, including the distribution of responsibilities between the organizations specified in Part 1 of this Article, the procedure for implementing the educational program, the nature and amount of resources used by each organization implementing educational programs through network form;
4) issued document or documents on education and (or) qualification, document or documents on education, as well as organizations engaged in educational activities, which issue these documents;
5) the term of the contract, the procedure for its amendment and termination.
Article 16. Implementation of educational programs using e-learning and distance learning technologies
1. E-learning is understood as the organization of educational activities using the information contained in databases and used in the implementation of educational programs and providing its processing information technologies, technical means, as well as information and telecommunication networks that ensure the transmission of the specified information over communication lines, the interaction of students and teachers. Distance educational technologies are understood as educational technologies implemented mainly with the use of information and telecommunication networks with indirect (at a distance) interaction between students and teachers.
2. Organizations engaged in educational activities have the right to use e-learning, distance learning technologies in the implementation of educational programs in the manner established by the federal executive body responsible for developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of education.
3. When implementing educational programs using exclusively e-learning, distance learning technologies in an organization engaged in educational activities, conditions must be created for the functioning of an electronic information and educational environment, including electronic information resources, electronic educational resources, a set of information technologies, telecommunication technologies, appropriate technological means and ensuring the development of educational programs by students in full, regardless of the location of students. The list of professions, specialties and areas of training, the implementation of educational programs for which is not allowed using exclusively e-learning, distance learning technologies, is approved by the federal executive body responsible for developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of education.
4. When implementing educational programs using e-learning, distance learning technologies, the place of educational activity is the location of the organization carrying out educational activities, or its branch, regardless of the location of the students.
5. When implementing educational programs using e-learning, distance learning technologies, an organization carrying out educational activities ensures the protection of information constituting a state or other secret protected by law.
Article 17. Forms of education and forms of education
1. In the Russian Federation, education can be obtained:
1) in organizations carrying out educational activities;
2) outside organizations engaged in educational activities (in the form family education and self-education).
2. Education in organizations engaged in educational activities, taking into account the needs, capabilities of the individual and depending on the volume of compulsory classes of a teacher with students, is carried out in full-time, part-time or part-time form.
3. Education in the form of family education and self-education is carried out with the right to subsequently pass, in accordance with Part 3 of Article 34 of this Federal Law, intermediate and state final certification in organizations engaged in educational activities.
4. A combination of various forms of education and forms of education is allowed.
5. Forms of education and forms of education for the main educational program for each level of education, profession, specialty and area of training are determined by the relevant federal state educational standards, educational standards, unless otherwise established by this Federal Law. Forms of training for additional educational programs and basic vocational training programs are determined by the organization carrying out educational activities independently, unless otherwise provided by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
Article 18. Printed and electronic educational and information resources
1. In organizations engaged in educational activities, in order to ensure the implementation of educational programs, libraries are formed, including digital (electronic) libraries that provide access to professional databases, information reference and search systems, as well as other information resources. Library fund must be completed with printed and (or) electronic educational publications (including textbooks and teaching aids), methodological and periodicals for all subjects, courses, disciplines (modules) included in the main educational programs being implemented.
2. The norms for the provision of educational activities with educational publications per one student in the main educational program are established by the relevant federal state educational standards.
3. Educational publications used in the implementation of educational programs of preschool education are determined by the organization carrying out educational activities, taking into account the requirements of federal state educational standards, as well as exemplary educational programs of preschool education and exemplary educational programs of primary general education.
4. Organizations carrying out educational activities according to state-accredited educational programs of primary general, basic general, secondary general education, for use in the implementation of these educational programs choose:
1) textbooks from among those included in the federal list of textbooks recommended for use in the implementation of state-accredited educational programs of primary general, basic general, secondary general education;
2) textbooks issued by organizations included in the list of organizations producing textbooks that are allowed to be used in the implementation of state-accredited educational programs of primary general, basic general, secondary general education.
5. The federal list of textbooks recommended for use in the implementation of state-accredited educational programs of primary general, basic general, secondary general education by organizations engaged in educational activities includes lists of textbooks recommended for use in the implementation of the mandatory part of the main educational program and the part, formed by the participants in educational relations, including textbooks that take into account the regional and ethno-cultural characteristics of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the realization of the rights of citizens to receive education in their native language from among the languages of the peoples of the Russian Federation and the study of their native language from among the languages of the peoples of the Russian Federation and literature of the peoples of Russia in native language.
6. Textbooks are included in the federal list of textbooks recommended for use in the implementation of state-accredited educational programs for primary general, basic general, secondary general education, based on the results of an examination. In carrying out this examination of textbooks in order to ensure that the regional and ethnocultural characteristics of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are taken into account, the rights of citizens to receive education in their native language from among the languages of the peoples of the Russian Federation and to study their native language from among the languages of the peoples of the Russian Federation and literature of the peoples of Russia in their native language participate authorized state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
7. The procedure for the formation of the federal list of textbooks recommended for use in the implementation of state-accredited educational programs of primary general, basic general, secondary general education, including the criteria and procedure for conducting an examination, the form of an expert opinion, as well as the grounds and procedure for excluding textbooks from the specified federal list are approved by the federal executive body responsible for the development of state policy and legal regulation in the field of education.
8. The procedure for selecting organizations that produce textbooks that are allowed to be used in the implementation of state-accredited educational programs of primary general, basic general, secondary general education, the list of such organizations is approved by the federal executive body that performs the functions of developing state policy and regulatory legal regulation in the field of education. Authorized state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation participate in the selection of organizations that produce textbooks in their native language from among the languages of the peoples of the Russian Federation and the literature of the peoples of Russia in their native language.
9. When implementing professional educational programs, educational publications are used, including electronic ones, determined by the organization carrying out educational activities.
Article 19. Scientific, methodological and resource support of the education system
1. In the education system, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, scientific research organizations and design organizations, design bureaus, educational and experimental farms, experimental stations, as well as organizations that carry out scientific and methodological, methodological, resource and information technology support of educational activities and management of the education system, assessment of the quality of education.
2. For the purpose of participation of pedagogical, scientific workers, representatives of employers in the development of federal state educational standards, exemplary educational programs, coordination of activities of organizations engaged in educational activities, in ensuring the quality and development of the content of education in the education system, educational and methodological associations may be created.
3. Educational and methodological associations in the education system are created by federal executive authorities and executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, exercising state administration in the field of education, and carry out their activities in accordance with the provisions approved by these bodies. Standard provisions on educational and methodological associations in the education system are approved by the federal executive body that performs the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of education.
4. The composition of educational and methodological associations on a voluntary basis includes teachers, researchers and other employees of organizations engaged in educational activities, and other organizations operating in the education system, including representatives of employers.
Article 20. Experimental and innovative activities in the field of education
1. Experimental and innovative activities in the field of education are carried out in order to ensure the modernization and development of the education system, taking into account the main directions of the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation, the implementation of priority areas of the state policy of the Russian Federation in the field of education.
2. Experimental activities are aimed at the development, testing and implementation of new educational technologies, educational resources and are carried out in the form of experiments, the procedure and conditions for which are determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.
3. Innovative activity is focused on improving the scientific and pedagogical, educational and methodological, organizational, legal, financial and economic, personnel, logistical support of the education system and is carried out in the form of the implementation of innovative projects and programs by organizations engaged in educational activities, and others acting in organizations in the field of education, as well as their associations. When implementing an innovative project, the program must ensure the observance of the rights and legitimate interests of participants in educational relations, the provision and receipt of education, the level and quality of which cannot be lower than the requirements established by the federal state educational standard, federal state requirements, educational standard.
4. In order to create conditions for the implementation of innovative projects and programs that are essential for ensuring the development of the education system, the organizations specified in Part 3 of this article and implementing these innovative projects and programs are recognized as federal or regional innovation platforms and constitute the innovation infrastructure in the system education. The procedure for the formation and functioning of the innovation infrastructure in the education system (including the procedure for recognizing an organization as a federal innovation platform), the list of federal innovation platforms are established by the federal executive body responsible for developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of education. The procedure for recognizing the organizations specified in Part 3 of this article as regional innovation platforms is established by the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
5. Federal state bodies and state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, exercising public administration in the field of education, within their powers, create conditions for the implementation of innovative educational projects programs and implementation of their results in practice.
Chapter 3. Persons carrying out educational activities
Article 21. Educational activities
1. Educational activities are carried out by educational organizations and, in cases established by this Federal Law, organizations providing training, as well as individual entrepreneurs.
2. Organizations providing training and individual entrepreneurs, their students, teachers employed in organizations providing training, or individual entrepreneurs, are subject to the rights, social guarantees, duties and responsibilities of educational organizations, students and teachers of such educational institutions. organizations.
Article 22. Creation, reorganization, liquidation of educational organizations
1. An educational organization is created in the form established by civil law for non-profit organizations.
2. Spiritual educational organizations are created in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of the Russian Federation on freedom of conscience, freedom of religion and religious associations.
3. The authorized federal executive body carrying out state registration of legal entities and individual entrepreneurs (its territorial body), in the manner and within the time limits established by the legislation on state registration of legal entities and individual entrepreneurs, notifies the federal executive body exercising control functions and supervision in the field of education, or the executive authority of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, exercising the transferred powers of the Russian Federation for licensing educational activities, on the state registration of an educational organization.
4. An educational organization, depending on who created it, is state, municipal or private.
5. A state educational organization is an educational organization established by the Russian Federation or a constituent entity of the Russian Federation.
6. A municipal educational organization is an educational organization created by a municipal entity (municipal district or urban district).
7. A private educational organization is an educational organization created in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation by an individual or individuals and (or) a legal entity, legal entities or their associations, with the exception of foreign religious organizations.
8. Educational organizations implementing educational programs of higher education in the field of defense and security of the state, ensuring law and order, can only be created by the Russian Federation.
9. Educational organizations for students with deviant (socially dangerous) behavior, in need of special conditions for education, training and requiring a special pedagogical approach (special educational and educational institutions of open and closed type) (hereinafter referred to as educational institutions), are created by the Russian Federation or subject of the Russian Federation.
10. An educational organization is reorganized or liquidated in the manner prescribed by civil law, taking into account the specifics provided for by the legislation on education.
11. Adoption by a federal executive body, an executive body of a subject of the Russian Federation or a local self-government body of a decision on the reorganization or liquidation of a state and (or) municipal educational organization is allowed on the basis of a positive conclusion of the commission assessing the consequences of such a decision.
12. The adoption of a decision on the reorganization or liquidation of a municipal general educational organization located in a rural settlement is not allowed without taking into account the opinion of the inhabitants of this rural settlement.
13. The procedure for assessing the consequences of making a decision to reorganize or liquidate a federal state educational organization, including the criteria for this assessment (by types of federal state educational organizations), the procedure for creating a commission to assess the consequences of such a decision and preparing its conclusions are established by the Government of the Russian Federation.
14. The procedure for assessing the consequences of a decision to reorganize or liquidate an educational organization administered by a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, a municipal educational organization, including the criteria for this assessment (by types of these educational organizations), the procedure for creating a commission to assess the consequences of such a decision and prepare its conclusions are established by the authorized body of state power of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation.
15. Creation, reorganization and liquidation of international (interstate) educational organizations are carried out in accordance with international treaties of the Russian Federation.
Article 23. Types of educational organizations
1. Educational organizations are divided into types in accordance with educational programs, the implementation of which is the main goal of their activities.
2. In the Russian Federation, the following types of educational organizations are established that implement the main educational programs:
1) preschool educational organization - an educational organization that, as the main goal of its activities, carries out educational activities in educational programs of preschool education, childcare and care;
2) general educational organization - an educational organization that, as the main goal of its activity, carries out educational activities in educational programs of primary general, basic general and (or) secondary general education;
3) professional educational organization - an educational organization that, as the main goal of its activities, carries out educational activities in educational programs of secondary vocational education;
4) educational organization of higher education - an educational organization that, as the main goal of its activities, carries out educational activities in educational programs of higher education and scientific activities.
3. In the Russian Federation, the following types of educational organizations are established that implement additional educational programs:
1) organization of additional education - an educational organization that, as the main goal of its activities, carries out educational activities for additional general educational programs;
2) organization of additional vocational education - an educational organization that, as the main goal of its activities, carries out educational activities for additional professional programs.
4. Educational organizations specified in parts 2 and 3 of this article have the right to carry out educational activities in the following educational programs, the implementation of which is not the main goal of their activities:
1) preschool educational organizations - additional general developmental programs;
2) general education organizations - educational programs of preschool education, additional general education programs, vocational training programs;
3) professional educational organizations - basic general education programs, vocational training programs, additional general education programs, additional professional programs;
4) educational organizations of higher education - basic general education programs, educational programs of secondary vocational education, vocational training programs, additional general education programs, additional professional programs;
5) organizations of additional education - educational programs of preschool education, vocational training programs;
6) organizations of additional vocational education - training programs for scientific and pedagogical personnel, residency programs, additional general education programs, vocational training programs.
5. The name of the educational organization must contain an indication of its organizational and legal form and the type of educational organization.
6. In the name of an educational organization, names may be used that indicate the features of the educational activities being carried out (the level and focus of educational programs, the integration of various types of educational programs, the content of the educational program, special conditions for their implementation and (or) special educational needs of students), as well as additionally the functions carried out related to the provision of education (maintenance, treatment, rehabilitation, correction, psychological and pedagogical support, boarding school, research, technological activities and other functions).
Article 24 Lomonosov, St. Petersburg State University. Categories of educational institutions of higher education
1. Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, St. Petersburg State University are the leading classical universities of the Russian Federation. Peculiarities legal status Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov and St. Petersburg State University are determined by a special federal law.
2. In the Russian Federation, in relation to educational institutions of higher education, the Government of the Russian Federation may establish the categories "federal university" and "national research university". When establishing an educational organization of higher education of the category " federal university" or " national research university"The name of such an organization shall include an indication of the established category.
3. In order to ensure the training of personnel for the integrated socio-economic development of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the Government of the Russian Federation, on behalf of the Russian Federation, may create an educational organization of higher education in the form of an autonomous institution, which establishes the category "federal university". When creating a federal university, the Government of the Russian Federation takes into account the proposals of the legislative and executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, prepared on the basis of programs for the socio-economic development of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
4. Development federal universities is carried out within the framework of programs developed by federal universities, approved by the Government of the Russian Federation and providing for the conditions for implementation and criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of educational activities, the integration of educational and research activities, the modernization and improvement of the material and technical base and socio-cultural infrastructure, integration into the world educational space .
5. The category "national research university" is established by an educational organization of higher education based on the results of the competitive selection of development programs for educational organizations of higher education aimed at staffing priority areas for the development of science, technology, technology, sectors of the economy, the social sphere, for development and implementation in production high technology. The procedure for the competitive selection of programs for the development of educational institutions of higher education (including the conditions for their financial support) is established by the Government of the Russian Federation. List of indicators, criteria and frequency of evaluating the effectiveness of the implementation of national development programs research universities are established by the federal executive body, which performs the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of education.
6. An educational organization of higher education, based on the results of an assessment of the effectiveness of the implementation of development programs, may be deprived by the Government of the Russian Federation of the category "national research university".
Article 25
1. An educational organization operates on the basis of a charter approved in the manner prescribed by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
2. The charter of an educational organization must contain, along with the information provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation, the following information:
1) type of educational organization;
2) the founder or founders of the educational organization;
3) types of implemented educational programs indicating the level of education and (or) focus;
4) the structure and competence of the governing bodies of the educational organization, the procedure for their formation and terms of office.
3. In an educational organization, conditions must be created for familiarizing all employees, students, parents (legal representatives) of minor students with its charter.
Article 26. Management of an educational organization
1. Management of an educational organization is carried out in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, taking into account the specifics established by this Federal Law.
2. The management of an educational organization is carried out on the basis of a combination of the principles of unity of command and collegiality.
3. The sole executive body of an educational organization is the head of the educational organization (rector, director, head, head or other head), who carries out the current management of the activities of the educational organization.
4. Collegial governing bodies are formed in an educational organization, which include a general meeting (conference) of employees of an educational organization (in a professional educational organization and an educational organization of higher education - a general meeting (conference) of employees and students of an educational organization), pedagogical council(in an educational organization of higher education - an academic council), as well as a board of trustees, a governing council, a supervisory board and other collegiate management bodies provided for by the charter of the relevant educational organization.
5. The structure, formation procedure, term of office and competence of the governing bodies of the educational organization, the procedure for making decisions by them and speaking on behalf of the educational organization are established by the charter of the educational organization in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
6. In order to take into account the opinions of students, parents (legal representatives) of underage students and teachers on the management of an educational organization and when an educational organization adopts local regulations affecting their rights and legitimate interests, at the initiative of students, parents (legal representatives) of underage students and teaching staff in an educational organization:
1) student councils are created (in a professional educational organization and an educational organization of higher education - student councils), councils of parents (legal representatives) of minor students or other bodies (hereinafter - student councils, parent councils);
2) there are trade unions of students and (or) employees of an educational organization (hereinafter - representative bodies of students, representative bodies of employees).
Article 27. Structure of an educational organization
1. Educational organizations are independent in the formation of their structure, unless otherwise established by federal laws.
2. An educational organization may have in its structure various structural units that ensure the implementation of educational activities, taking into account the level, type and focus of educational programs being implemented, the form of education and the mode of stay of students (branches, representative offices, departments, faculties, institutes, centers, departments, preparatory departments and courses, scientific research, methodological and educational departments, laboratories, design bureaus, educational and training workshops, clinics, educational and experimental farms, training grounds, training bases for practice, training and demonstration centers, educational theaters, exhibition halls, training circus arenas, training dance and opera studios, training concert halls, art and creative workshops, libraries, museums, sports clubs, student sports clubs, school sports clubs, hostels, boarding schools, psychological and socio-pedagogical services, provide providing social adaptation and rehabilitation of students in need of it, and other structural units provided for by local regulations of the educational organization).
3. Professional educational organizations and educational organizations of higher education may create departments and other structural subdivisions that provide practical training for students, on the basis of other organizations that carry out activities in the profile of the relevant educational program, in the manner established by the federal executive body that performs the functions of developing the state policy and legal regulation in the field of education.
4. Structural divisions of an educational organization, including branches and representative offices, are not legal entities and act on the basis of the charter of the educational organization and the regulation on the relevant structural division, approved in the manner established by the charter of the educational organization. The implementation of educational activities in the representative office of an educational organization is prohibited.
5. A branch of an educational organization is created and liquidated in the manner prescribed by civil law, taking into account the specifics provided for by this Federal Law.
6. The adoption by the federal executive body, the executive body of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation or the local government body of a decision to liquidate a branch of a state and (or) municipal preschool educational organization or a general educational organization is carried out in the manner established by Parts 11 and 12 of Article 22 of this Federal Law.
7. Branches of federal state educational organizations of higher education are created and liquidated by the founder in agreement with the federal executive body that performs the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of education.
8. Creation of branches of state educational organizations under the jurisdiction of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, or municipal educational organizations in the territory of another constituent entity of the Russian Federation or territory municipality carried out in agreement with the executive authority of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, exercising state management in the field of education, and the local government body exercising management in the field of education, at the location of the created branch.
9. A representative office of an educational organization is opened and closed by an educational organization.
10. Creation or liquidation of a branch or representative office of an educational organization in the territory foreign state is carried out in accordance with the legislation of the foreign state at the location of the branch or representative office, unless otherwise established by international treaties of the Russian Federation.
11. The financial and economic activities of an educational organization at the location of its branch or representative office located on the territory of a foreign state are carried out in accordance with the legislation of this foreign state.
12. In state and municipal educational organizations, the creation and activities of political parties, religious organizations (associations) are not allowed.
Article 28. Competence, rights, duties and responsibilities of an educational organization
1. An educational organization has autonomy, which is understood as independence in the implementation of educational, scientific, administrative, financial and economic activities, the development and adoption of local regulations in accordance with this Federal Law, other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation and the charter of an educational organization.
2. Educational organizations are free to determine the content of education, the choice of educational and methodological support, educational technologies for the educational programs they implement.
3. The competence of an educational organization in the established field of activity includes:
1) development and adoption of internal regulations for students, internal labor regulations, other local regulations;
2) material and technical support of educational activities, equipment of premises in accordance with state and local norms and requirements, including in accordance with federal state educational standards, federal state requirements, educational standards;
3) providing the founder and the public with an annual report on the receipt and expenditure of financial and material resources, as well as a report on the results of self-examination;
4) establishment of the staffing table, unless otherwise established by the regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation;
5) hiring employees, concluding and terminating employment contracts with them, unless otherwise established by this Federal Law, distribution of job responsibilities, creating conditions and organizing additional professional education for employees;
6) development and approval of educational programs of an educational organization;
7) development and approval in agreement with the founder of the development program of the educational organization, unless otherwise provided by this Federal Law;
8) admission of students to an educational organization;
9) determination of the list of textbooks in accordance with the approved federal list of textbooks recommended for use in the implementation of state-accredited educational programs of primary general, basic general, secondary general education by organizations engaged in educational activities, as well as teaching aids approved for use in the implementation of these educational programs of such organizations;
10) exercise current control progress and intermediate certification of students, the establishment of their forms, frequency and procedure for conducting;
11) individual accounting of the results of mastering educational programs by students, as well as storage in archives of information about these results on paper and (or) electronic media;
12) use and improvement of methods of education and upbringing, educational technologies, e-learning;
13) conducting self-examination, ensuring the functioning of the internal system for assessing the quality of education;
14) provision in an educational organization that has a boarding school, necessary conditions student content;
15) creation of the necessary conditions for the protection and promotion of health, catering for students and employees of an educational organization;
16) creating conditions for students to study physical culture and sports;
17) acquisition or production of forms of documents on education and (or) qualifications;
18) establishment of requirements for the clothes of students, unless otherwise provided by this Federal Law or the legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
19) promoting the activities of public associations of students, parents (legal representatives) of underage students, carried out in an educational organization and not prohibited by the legislation of the Russian Federation;
20) organization of scientific and methodological work, including the organization and conduct of scientific and methodological conferences, seminars;
21) ensuring the creation and maintenance of the official website of the educational organization on the Internet;
22) other issues in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
4. Educational organizations of higher education carry out scientific and (or) creative activity and also have the right to train scientific personnel (in doctoral studies). Other educational organizations have the right to conduct scientific and (or) creative activities in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, if such activities are provided for by their charters.
5. An educational organization has the right to conduct a consulting, educational activities, activities in the field of protecting the health of citizens and other activities that do not contradict the goals of creating an educational organization, including organizing recreation and recreation for students during vacation time (with round-the-clock or daytime stay).
6. An educational organization is obliged to carry out its activities in accordance with the legislation on education, including:
1) ensure the full implementation of educational programs, compliance of the quality of training of students with the established requirements, compliance of the applied forms, means, methods of teaching and education with age, psychophysical characteristics, inclinations, abilities, interests and needs of students;
2) create safe conditions for learning, educating students, looking after and caring for students, their maintenance in accordance with established standards that ensure the life and health of students, employees of an educational organization;
3) to observe the rights and freedoms of students, parents (legal representatives) of underage students, employees of an educational organization.
7. An educational organization is liable in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of the Russian Federation for failure to perform or improper performance of functions within its competence, for the implementation of incomplete educational programs in accordance with the curriculum, the quality of education of its graduates, as well as for the life and health of students , employees of the educational organization. For violation or illegal restriction of the right to education and the rights and freedoms of students, parents (legal representatives) of underage students provided for by the legislation on education, violation of the requirements for the organization and implementation of educational activities, an educational organization and its officials bear administrative responsibility in accordance with the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses.
Article 29
1. Educational organizations form open and public information resources containing information about their activities, and provide access to such resources by posting them in information and telecommunication networks, including on the official website of an educational organization on the Internet.
2. Educational organizations ensure openness and accessibility:
1) information:
a) on the date of establishment of the educational organization, on the founder, founders of the educational organization, on the location of the educational organization and its branches (if any), mode, work schedule, contact numbers and addresses Email;
b) on the structure and management bodies of the educational organization;
c) on ongoing educational programs indicating the subjects, courses, disciplines (modules), practices provided for by the relevant educational program;
d) on the number of students in educational programs being implemented at the expense of the budgetary allocations of the federal budget, the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local budgets and under education agreements at the expense of individuals and (or) legal entities;
e) languages of education;
f) on federal state educational standards, on educational standards (if any);
g) about the head of the educational organization, his deputies, heads of branches of the educational organization (if any);
h) o personnel teaching staff indicating the level of education, qualifications and work experience;
i) on the material and technical support of educational activities (including the availability of equipped classrooms, facilities for conducting practical exercises, libraries, sports facilities, means of education and upbringing, on the conditions of nutrition and health protection of students, on access to information systems and information and telecommunication networks, on electronic educational resources to which students are provided with access);
j) on the directions and results of scientific (research) activities and the research base for its implementation (for educational institutions of higher education, organizations of additional professional education);
k) on the results of admission for each profession, specialty of secondary vocational education (if there are entrance examinations), each area of training or specialty of higher education with different admission conditions (for places financed from the budgetary allocations of the federal budget, the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local budgets , under agreements on education at the expense of individuals and (or) legal entities) indicating the average amount of points scored for all entrance examinations, as well as the results of the transfer, restoration and deductions;
l) on the number of vacancies for admission (transfer) for each educational program, profession, specialty, field of study (for places financed from the budgetary allocations of the federal budget, the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local budgets, under agreements on education at the expense of individuals and (or) legal entities);
m) on the availability and conditions for granting scholarships and social support measures to students;
n) on the availability of a hostel, boarding school, the number of living quarters in a hostel, a boarding school for students from other cities, the formation of fees for living in a hostel;
o) on the volume of educational activities, the financial support of which is carried out at the expense of the budgetary allocations of the federal budget, the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local budgets, under agreements on education at the expense of individuals and (or) legal entities;
p) on the receipt of financial and material resources and on their expenditure at the end of the financial year;
c) employment of graduates;
2) copies:
a) the charter of the educational organization;
b) licenses for educational activities (with attachments);
c) certificates of state accreditation (with attachments);
d) a plan for the financial and economic activities of the educational organization, approved in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of the Russian Federation, or the budget estimate of the educational organization;
e) local regulations provided for by Part 2 of Article 30 of this Federal Law, internal regulations for students, internal labor regulations, collective agreement;
3) a report on the results of self-examination. The performance indicators of an educational organization subject to self-examination and the procedure for its conduct are established by the federal executive body that performs the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of education;
4) a document on the procedure for providing paid educational services, including a sample contract for the provision of paid educational services, a document confirming the cost of education for each educational program;
5) instructions of the bodies exercising state control (supervision) in the field of education, reports on the implementation of such instructions;
6) other information that is posted, published by the decision of the educational organization and (or) placement, the publication of which is mandatory in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
3. The information and documents specified in Part 2 of this Article, if they are not classified as information constituting state and other secrets protected by law in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, are subject to placement on the official website of the educational organization on the Internet and updated within ten working days from the date of their creation, receipt or introduction of appropriate changes to them. The procedure for posting on the official website of an educational organization on the Internet and updating information about an educational organization, including its content and the form of its provision, is established by the Government of the Russian Federation.
Article 30
1. An educational organization adopts local regulations containing the rules governing educational relations (hereinafter referred to as local regulations), within its competence in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation in the manner established by its charter.
2. An educational organization adopts local regulations on the main issues of organizing and carrying out educational activities, including regulating the rules for the admission of students, the mode of study of students, the forms, frequency and procedure for monitoring progress and intermediate certification of students, the procedure and grounds for transfer, expulsion and restoration students, the procedure for registration of the emergence, suspension and termination of relations between the educational organization and students and (or) parents (legal representatives) of underage students.
3. When adopting local regulations affecting the rights of students and employees of an educational organization, the opinion of student councils, parent councils, representative bodies of students, as well as in the manner and in cases provided for by labor legislation, representative bodies of employees (if there are such representative bodies ).
4. The norms of local regulations that worsen the situation of students or employees of an educational organization in comparison with the established legislation on education, labor legislation, or regulations adopted in violation of the established procedure, do not apply and are subject to cancellation by the educational organization.
Education is a single purposeful process of upbringing and education, which is a socially significant good and is carried out in the interests of a person, family, society and the state, as well as a set of acquired knowledge, skills, values, experience and competence of a certain volume and complexity for the purposes of intellectual, spiritual - moral, creative, physical and (or) professional development of a person, satisfaction of his educational needs and interests
The learning process is a purposeful, consistently changing interaction between a teacher and a student, during which the tasks of education, upbringing and general development are solved
Pedagogical technology- well thought out model pedagogical activity for the design, organization and implementation educational process with the unconditional provision of comfortable conditions for students and teachers. Pedagogical technology is a way of implementing the content of training provided for by curricula, representing a system of forms, methods and means of training that ensures the most effective achievement of educational goals.
Scientific - a part of pedagogical science that studies and develops the goals, content and methods of teaching and designs pedagogical processes; Procedural - a description (algorithm) of the process, a set of goals, content, methods and means to achieve the planned learning outcomes; Activity - the implementation of the technological (pedagogical) process, the functioning of all personal, instrumental and methodological pedagogical means. Pedagogical technology - in 3 aspects:
Passive teaching methods A lesson is a form of organizing training with a group of students of the same age, permanent composition, a lesson on a fixed schedule and with a single training program for all Lecture - an oral systematic and consistent presentation of material on any problem, method, topic of the question Types of lessons Types lectures 1. introductory lesson; 2. a lesson in learning new material; 3. a lesson in the formation of skills and abilities; 4. lesson of generalization and systematization of knowledge; 5. a lesson in the practical application of knowledge; 6. lesson of control and correction of knowledge, skills and abilities; 7. combined lesson. Traditional form of lecture organization: Introductory lecture Lecture-information Overview lecture
For the purposes of this Federal Law, the following basic concepts shall apply:
1) education - a single purposeful process of education and training, which is a socially significant good and is carried out in the interests of a person, family, society and the state, as well as a set of acquired knowledge, skills, values, experience and competence of a certain volume and complexity in order to intellectual, spiritual and moral, creative, physical and (or) professional development of a person, satisfaction of his educational needs and interests;
2) upbringing - an activity aimed at developing the personality, creating conditions for self-determination and socialization of the student on the basis of socio-cultural, spiritual and moral values and the rules and norms of behavior accepted in society in the interests of the individual, family, society and the state;
3) learning - a purposeful process of organizing the activities of students to acquire knowledge, skills, skills and competencies, gain experience in activities, develop abilities, gain experience in applying knowledge in everyday life and form students' motivation to receive education throughout their lives;
4) level of education - a completed cycle of education, characterized by a certain unified set of requirements;
5) qualification - the level of knowledge, skills, abilities and competence, characterizing readiness to perform a certain type of professional activity;
6) federal state educational standard - a set of mandatory requirements for education of a certain level and (or) for a profession, specialty and area of training, approved by the federal executive body that performs the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of education;
7) educational standard - a set of mandatory requirements for higher education in specialties and areas of training, approved by educational institutions of higher education, determined by this Federal Law or a decree of the President of the Russian Federation;
8) federal state requirements - mandatory requirements for the minimum content, the structure of additional pre-professional programs, the conditions for their implementation and the terms of study for these programs, approved in accordance with this Federal Law by authorized federal executive bodies;
9) educational program - a complex of the main characteristics of education (volume, content, planned results), organizational and pedagogical conditions and, in the cases provided for by this Federal Law, certification forms, which is presented in the form of a curriculum, a calendar curriculum, work programs of educational subjects, courses, disciplines (modules), other components, as well as assessment and methodological materials;
10) an exemplary basic educational program - educational and methodological documentation (an exemplary curriculum, an exemplary calendar study schedule, exemplary work programs for subjects, courses, disciplines (modules), other components), which determines the recommended volume and content of education at a certain level and (or) a certain direction, the planned results of the development of the educational program, approximate conditions for educational activities, including approximate calculations of the standard costs of providing public services for the implementation of the educational program;
11) general education - a type of education that is aimed at developing the personality and acquiring, in the process of mastering the basic general educational programs, knowledge, skills, and the formation of competencies necessary for a person's life in society, a conscious choice of a profession and obtaining professional education;
12) vocational education - a type of education that is aimed at the acquisition by students in the process of mastering the basic professional educational programs of knowledge, skills, and the formation of competence of a certain level and volume, allowing them to conduct professional activities in a certain area and (or) perform work in a specific profession or specialty;
13) vocational training - a type of education that is aimed at acquiring by students the knowledge, skills and competencies necessary to perform certain labor, service functions (certain types of labor, service activities, professions);
14) additional education - a type of education that is aimed at the comprehensive satisfaction of the educational needs of a person in intellectual, spiritual, moral, physical and (or) professional improvement and is not accompanied by an increase in the level of education;
15) student - an individual who is mastering the educational program;
16) a student with disabilities - an individual who has deficiencies in physical and (or) psychological development, confirmed by the psychological-medical-pedagogical commission and preventing education without creating special conditions;
17) educational activities - activities for the implementation of educational programs;
18) educational organization - a non-profit organization that carries out educational activities on the basis of a license as the main type of activity in accordance with the goals for the achievement of which such an organization was created;
19) an organization providing training - a legal entity carrying out, on the basis of a license, along with the main activity, educational activities as an additional type of activity;
20) organizations carrying out educational activities - educational organizations, as well as organizations providing training. For the purposes of this Federal Law, individual entrepreneurs engaged in educational activities are equated with organizations engaged in educational activities, unless otherwise provided by this Federal Law;
21) a pedagogical worker - an individual who is in labor, service relations with an organization carrying out educational activities, and performs the duties of training, educating students and (or) organizing educational activities;
22) curriculum - a document that defines the list, labor intensity, sequence and distribution of training subjects, courses, disciplines (modules), practice, other types of educational activities and, unless otherwise established by this Federal Law, forms of intermediate certification of students;
23) individual curriculum - a curriculum that ensures the development of an educational program based on the individualization of its content, taking into account the characteristics and educational needs of a particular student;
24) practice - a type of educational activity aimed at the formation, consolidation, development of practical skills and competence in the process of performing certain types of work related to future professional activities;
25) orientation (profile) of education - the orientation of the educational program to specific areas of knowledge and (or) types of activities, which determines its subject and thematic content, the prevailing types of educational activities of the student and the requirements for the results of mastering the educational program;
26) means of training and education - devices, equipment, including sports equipment and inventory, instruments (including musical ones), visual aids, computers, information and telecommunication networks, hardware, software and audiovisual means, printed and electronic educational and information resources and other material objects necessary for the organization of educational activities;
27) inclusive education - ensuring equal access to education for all students, taking into account the diversity of special educational needs and individual opportunities;
28) adapted educational program - an educational program adapted for training persons with disabilities, taking into account the peculiarities of their psychophysical development, individual capabilities and, if necessary, providing correction of developmental disorders and social adaptation of these persons;
29) quality of education - a comprehensive characteristic of educational activities and training of a student, expressing the degree of their compliance with federal state educational standards, educational standards, federal state requirements and (or) the needs of an individual or legal entity in whose interests educational activities are carried out, including the degree of achievement planned results of the educational program;
30) relations in the field of education - a set of public relations for the realization of the right of citizens to education, the purpose of which is the development by students of the content of educational programs (educational relations), and public relations that are associated with educational relations and the purpose of which is to create conditions for the realization of the rights of citizens to education;
31) participants in educational relations - students, parents (legal representatives) of underage students, teachers and their representatives, organizations engaged in educational activities;
32) participants in relations in the field of education - participants in educational relations and federal state bodies, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments, employers and their associations;
33) conflict of interests of a teaching worker - a situation in which a teaching worker, in the course of his professional activities, has a personal interest in obtaining material benefits or other advantages and which affects or may affect the proper performance of professional duties by a teaching worker due to a contradiction between his personal interest and interests student, parents (legal representatives) of minor students;
34) supervision and care of children - a set of measures for the organization of nutrition and household services for children, ensuring their compliance with personal hygiene and daily routine.
Commentary on Art. 2 of the Law "On Education in the Russian Federation"
The commented Article 2 of the Law on Education of Russia is an innovation in educational legislation, since it marks the emergence of a definitive apparatus that defines the most significant concepts for the entire educational sphere. So far, educational laws have not contained similar provisions in their norms. It should be noted that the presence in the legislation of the terms used for the purposes of a normative act greatly simplifies its use within the framework of the interpretation of individual rules and regulations.
As the ancients said: "define the terms - and you will save yourself from a huge number of disputes." In accordance with the traditions of modern lawmaking, the authors define the main terms used in this normative act, according to a meaning that differs from the generally accepted one. Therefore, we are faced with a difficult task: to give a secondary interpretation of the terms and explain to the reader what exactly the authors had in mind when defining the meaning of a particular concept. In total, the article presents 34 concepts, not all of which need commentary. Accordingly, the task is not so much to explain what has already been explained, but to focus the reader's attention on critical aspects the meaning of a particular concept.
So, education (item 1). In fact, the definition fills the gap of the previous 20 years, when, along with ideology, upbringing was almost completely excluded from the education process. This mistake led to tragic consequences for the younger generation and not only for him. Today this mistake is corrected and education is defined as a purposeful process of education and training. The second important component of this key term is understanding the purpose of learning. It has already been noted above that training is carried out not only in the interests of an individual, but is of a public nature (for more details, see). Here, the consumers of the learning process are directly indicated: the individual, the family, society and the state. Also, in the commented definition, the content of education is highlighted, not as the acquisition of unsystematic knowledge, but the totality of knowledge, skills, abilities and practical experience. Even F. Engels wrote: "A dry theory is a green tree of life." Thus, in order to receive a complete education, only theoretical knowledge is not enough, practical skills are also needed, which education is aimed at developing among students. Finally, the goal of getting an education is to form not just a person with a complex of theoretical knowledge and practical skills, but a comprehensively prepared, self-sufficient personality, able to apply their knowledge in practice, in independent life and practical activities.
Further, the commented article reveals the content of the components of education in the form of education and training. Moreover, upbringing (p. 2) is placed above education, with the allocation of elements of self-determination and socialization in the personality of a person, which requires certain explanations. Self-determination or self-awareness implies that only a person adequately educated in relation to the needs of a given society is able to correctly determine his place in life, without self-abasement and overestimation of his significance, which is equally negatively perceived by society and by the person himself.
With regard to socialization, it was noted long ago: "It is impossible to live in society and be outside society." Despite the swearing character that this concept has acquired in our daily life, socialized in the exact meaning of the word means "comradely, public." * (9) Thus, it means incorporation into the surrounding social environment. This takes on a special meaning, since a person who has received an education involuntarily changes the circle of friends, interests, belonging to social class, group. Therefore, it is very important in the process of education to instill in him the skills of new communication. Moreover, we emphasize that this is done again in the interests of the individual, family, society and the state.
Returning to the clarification of the concept of learning (p. 3), in addition to the above-mentioned signs of this process as an educational process, it should be noted that one of the tasks of learning is to form students' motivation to receive education throughout their lives. Such motivation is due to the constantly changing conditions of life and the acceleration of the process of its evolution. Karl Jaspers in the last century said: "In our time, you need to run very fast - to stay in place."
The next term, which received an explanation in the commented article 2 of the Law on Education in the Russian Federation, is the level of education (clause 4). Under it, in the sense of the commented Law, is understood the completed cycle of education. From now on, the concepts of "incomplete or incomplete higher" and similar definitions go into the past. The training cycle can only be complete, confirmed by the relevant document on education. In all other cases, only the previous level of education is recognized. In other words, an academic certificate issued by the university to its former student, only allows you to continue the process of obtaining higher education at another university, but does not confirm the level of education.
The concept of "qualification" (clause 5), despite the absence in its definition of a mandatory requirement that a person has a document of an established form confirming its level, in its meaning means readiness to perform one or another type of professional activity.
The term "federal educational standard" (clause 6) was originally used in Part 5 of Art. 43 of the Constitution and means the establishment by the state of certain general requirements to the totality of knowledge, skills, abilities and competencies that characterize a certain type of professional activity, approved by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation.
The concept of "educational standard" following it (clause 7) means a set of mandatory requirements for higher education. One can argue with the authors of the Law about how much it reflects the essence, but, as they say, "they don't argue about terms, they are defined." The difference between the standards of this type and the previous one is that its content is approved by the commented Law or the decree of the President of Russia. It turns out that a standard that covers a smaller amount of knowledge, skills and competencies has a higher legal status.
The concept of "federal state requirements" (clause 8) means the requirements for the minimum content of additional professional programs, the conditions for their implementation and the terms of study for them, approved by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation.
In the end, the "educational program" itself (clause 9) includes a set of mandatory elements: volume, content, planned results, certification forms, calendar curriculum, work programs, and other components. We draw the attention of readers that the list of elements curriculum is open, that is, it provides for the possibility of its addition, which turns it into an exemplary program (clause 10). Moreover, it should be noted that despite the 20-year discussion and criticism from the educational community, including members Russian Academy education, this paragraph of the Law, following its predecessor, interprets an exemplary educational program as a set of educational services. In our opinion, such an approach contradicts the meaning of the Russian Constitution and the logic of the development of legal relations. If one side in this case- an individual has a right to something, then the other side of social relations - the state is obliged to ensure this right. Ensuring this right cannot in any way look like a service (serving - serving someone lackey). * (10) Moreover, above in the same article it is said about training and education (clauses 1-3), carried out not only in the interests individuals, but also society and the state as a whole.
And further, in violation of any logic, the conflict of interests of the pedagogical worker (paragraph 33) is defined as his personal interest in obtaining material benefits or other advantages in the relationship between the interests of the worker and the student. As if the quality of education does not depend on the size and form of remuneration of the teacher!
Also, the authors of the commented Law are trying to define the concept of "means of training and education" (p. 26) by listing them. Despite the fact that the list of specific means is open, such an approach can hardly be considered reasonable. In our opinion, the main thing in this definition is still an indication that these are "material objects necessary for the organization of educational activities."
There is another controversial term in the commented article 2 - this is "inclusive education" (paragraph 27), which, according to its authors, means education that is equally accessible to all students. At the same time, the term "inclusive" means: "spreading over a wide range of subjects (the antonym exclusive)." * (11) Such a fascination with foreign language terms to the detriment of common sense hardly supportable.
The same can be said about the adaptive (adapted according to the original meaning of Yu.D.) program for training people with disabilities (p. 28). It seems that for such students it is necessary not to adapt the general educational program, but to develop a special one, corresponding to their capabilities and abilities.
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2 The level of education is a completed cycle of education, characterized by a certain unified set of requirements. Federal state educational standard - a set of mandatory requirements for education of a certain level and (or) for a profession, specialty and area of training, approved by the federal executive body that performs the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of education
3 Educational program - a complex of the main characteristics of education (volume, content, planned results), organizational and pedagogical conditions and, in cases provided for by this Federal Law, certification forms, which is presented in the form of a curriculum, calendar curriculum, work programs of educational subjects, courses , disciplines (modules), other components, as well as assessment and methodological materials. An exemplary basic educational program is educational documentation (an exemplary curriculum, an exemplary calendar study schedule, exemplary work programs for subjects, courses, disciplines (modules), other components), which determines the recommended volume and content of education of a certain level and (or) a certain focus, planned the results of the development of the educational program, approximate conditions for educational activities, including approximate calculations of the standard costs of providing public services for the implementation of the educational program.
4 Educational activities - activities for the implementation of educational programs. An educational organization is a non-profit organization that carries out educational activities on the basis of a license as the main type of activity in accordance with the goals for which such an organization was created. Educational organization is a legal entity that carries out, on the basis of a license, along with the main activity, educational activities as an additional type of activity.
5 Organizations carrying out educational activities - educational organizations, as well as organizations providing training. For the purposes of this Federal Law, individual entrepreneurs engaged in educational activities are equated with organizations engaged in educational activities, unless otherwise provided by this Federal Law. Curriculum - a document that defines the list, labor intensity, sequence and distribution of training subjects, courses, disciplines (modules), practice, other types of educational activities and, unless otherwise established by this Federal Law, forms of intermediate certification of students.
6 Individual curriculum - a curriculum that ensures the development of an educational program based on the individualization of its content, taking into account the characteristics and educational needs of a particular student. Orientation (profile) of education - the orientation of the educational program to specific areas of knowledge and (or) types of activities, which determines its subject-thematic content, the prevailing types of educational activities of the student and the requirements for the results of mastering the educational program.
7 Means of education and upbringing - devices, equipment, including sports equipment and inventory, instruments (including musical ones), teaching and visual aids, computers, information and telecommunication networks, hardware, software and audiovisual means, printed and electronic educational and information resources and other material objects necessary for the organization of educational activities. Inclusive education - ensuring equal access to education for all students, taking into account the diversity of special educational needs and individual opportunities.
8 Adapted educational program - an educational program adapted for training persons with disabilities, taking into account the peculiarities of their psychophysical development, individual capabilities and, if necessary, providing correction of developmental disorders and social adaptation of these persons. The quality of education is a comprehensive characteristic of educational activities and training of a student, expressing the degree of their compliance with federal state educational standards, educational standards, federal state requirements and (or) the needs of an individual or legal entity in whose interests educational activities are carried out, including the degree of achievement of planned results educational program.
9 Adapted educational program - an educational program adapted for training persons with disabilities, taking into account the peculiarities of their psychophysical development, individual capabilities and, if necessary, providing correction of developmental disorders and social adaptation of these persons. The quality of education is a comprehensive characteristic of educational activities and training of a student, expressing the degree of their compliance with federal state educational standards, educational standards, federal state requirements and (or) the needs of an individual or legal entity in whose interests educational activities are carried out, including the degree of achievement of planned results educational program.
11 State accreditation of educational activities is carried out for basic educational programs implemented in accordance with federal state educational standards, with the exception of educational programs for preschool education, as well as for basic educational programs implemented in accordance with educational standards. The purpose of state accreditation of educational activities is to confirm compliance with federal state educational standards of educational activities in basic educational programs and training of students in educational organizations, organizations providing training, as well as individual entrepreneurs, with the exception of individual entrepreneurs directly engaged in educational activities.
12 State accreditation of the educational activities of educational organizations, the founders of which are religious organizations, is carried out on the proposals of the relevant religious organizations (if such religious organizations are part of the structure of centralized religious organizations, on the proposals of the relevant centralized religious organizations). When carrying out state accreditation of educational activities for educational programs of primary general, basic general, secondary general education, the accreditation body makes a decision on state accreditation or on refusal of state accreditation of educational activities for these educational programs in relation to each level of general education, which includes those declared for state accreditation of basic general education programs.
13 The application for state accreditation and the documents attached to it are submitted to the accreditation body directly or sent by registered mail with acknowledgment of receipt. An organization carrying out educational activities has the right to send an application for state accreditation and the documents attached to it to the accreditation body in the form of an electronic document signed with an electronic signature. The forms of the said application and the documents attached to it, as well as the requirements for their completion and execution, are approved by the federal executive body responsible for the development of state policy and legal regulation in the field of education.
14 State accreditation of educational activities is carried out based on the results of an accreditation examination, which is based on the principles of objectivity of its conduct and the responsibility of experts for the quality of its conduct. The subject of the accreditation examination is to determine the compliance of the content and quality of training of students in an organization carrying out educational activities, according to the educational programs declared for state accreditation, to federal state educational standards.
15 Experts who have the necessary qualifications in the field of basic educational programs declared for state accreditation and (or) expert organizations that meet the established requirements participate in the accreditation examination. Experts and expert organizations cannot be in civil law relations (experts are also in labor relations) with an organization carrying out educational activities when conducting an accreditation examination in relation to the educational activities of such an organization.
16 Qualification requirements for experts, requirements for expert organizations, the procedure for attracting, selecting experts and expert organizations for conducting an accreditation examination, the procedure for their accreditation (including the procedure for maintaining a register of experts and expert organizations) are established by the federal executive body that performs the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of education. Payment for the services of experts and expert organizations and reimbursement of expenses incurred by them in connection with the accreditation examination are made in the manner and in the amount established by the Government of the Russian Federation.
17 The administrative act of the accreditation body on conducting an accreditation examination determines the composition of experts and appoints the head of the expert group. When conducting an accreditation examination, the expert group uses documents and materials posted by the organization on the official website on the Internet, and also requests documents and materials necessary for conducting an accreditation examination, the list of which is established by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation. An organization carrying out educational activities, or its branch, provides workplaces with access to the Internet for the work of the expert group.
18 Upon completion of the accreditation examination, the members of the expert group prepare reports on the accreditation examination in terms of the educational programs assigned to them. The head of the expert group prepares, on the basis of the reports on the accreditation examination, a conclusion on the results of the accreditation examination.
19 Information about the accreditation examination, including the conclusion drawn up on the basis of the results of the accreditation examination, is posted by the accreditation body on its official website on the Internet. The adoption by the accreditation body of a decision on state accreditation of the educational activities of an organization carrying out educational activities is carried out within a period not exceeding one hundred and five days from the date of receipt of the application for state accreditation and the documents attached to this application.
20 When making a decision on state accreditation of educational activities, the accreditation body issues a certificate of state accreditation, the validity of which is twelve years for an organization carrying out educational activities in basic general education programs.
21 An organization carrying out educational activities that arose as a result of reorganization in the form of a merger, separation or spin-off, or reorganized in the form of accession to it by another organization carrying out educational activities, is issued a temporary certificate of state accreditation of educational activities for educational programs, the implementation of which was carried out by the reorganized organization or reorganized organizations and which had state accreditation. The period of validity of a temporary certificate of state accreditation is one year.
22 The accreditation body refuses state accreditation of educational activities for educational programs applied for state accreditation, related to the relevant levels of education, if one of the following grounds exists: 1) identification of false information in documents submitted by an organization engaged in educational activities; 2) the presence of a negative conclusion drawn up on the basis of the results of an accreditation examination.
23 The accreditation body deprives an organization engaged in educational activities of state accreditation of educational activities for educational programs declared for state accreditation, related to the relevant levels of education or to enlarged groups of professions, specialties and areas of training, if one of the following grounds exists:
24 1) cancellation of the license to carry out educational activities in full or in respect of individual state-accredited educational programs; 2) repeated violation during the period of validity of state accreditation by an organization carrying out educational activities of the legislation in the field of education, which entailed the unlawful issuance of documents on education and (or) qualifications of the established form; 3) expiration of the period of suspension of the state accreditation (in the absence of grounds for the renewal of the state accreditation).
25 An organization carrying out educational activities has the right to apply for state accreditation not earlier than one year after the refusal of state accreditation or deprivation of its state accreditation. For the issuance of a certificate of state accreditation, reissuance of a certificate of state accreditation and the issuance of a temporary certificate of state accreditation, a state fee is paid in the amount and in the manner established by the legislation of the Russian Federation on taxes and fees. The regulation on state accreditation of educational activities is approved by the Government of the Russian Federation.
26 The Regulation on state accreditation of educational activities establishes: 1) requirements for an application for state accreditation, a list of information included in it, requirements for documents necessary for state accreditation and attached to an application for state accreditation, and their list; 2) the procedure for the submission by an organization carrying out educational activities of an application for state accreditation and documents required for state accreditation, the procedure for their acceptance by the accreditation body; 3) the procedure for conducting an accreditation examination, including the procedure for attracting experts and (or) expert organizations to conduct an accreditation examination;
27 4) features of conducting an accreditation examination during the state accreditation of the educational activities of educational organizations whose founders are religious organizations, in terms of confirming the educational qualification of teachers of such educational organizations, as well as the educational activities of foreign institutions of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation; 5) the procedure for making a decision on state accreditation or on refusal of state accreditation;
28 6) the procedure for the provision by the accreditation body of a duplicate of the certificate of state accreditation; 7) grounds and procedure for reissuing a certificate of state accreditation; 8) the procedure for suspension, renewal, termination and deprivation of state accreditation; 9) features of the accreditation examination during the state accreditation.
29 An organization carrying out educational activities shall attach to the application for state accreditation: - a power of attorney or other document confirming the right of an authorized person of an organization carrying out educational activities, who sent the application and attached documents, to act on behalf of the organization; - information on the implementation of educational programs declared for state accreditation; - information on the presence (absence) of public accreditation in Russian, foreign and international organizations and (or) professional public accreditation; - Description of submitted documents.
Article 92 State accreditation of educational activities
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For the purposes of this Federal Law, the following basic concepts shall apply:
1) education - a single purposeful process of education and training, which is a socially significant good and is carried out in the interests of a person, family, society and the state, as well as a set of acquired knowledge, skills, values, experience and competence of a certain volume and complexity in order to intellectual, spiritual and moral, creative, physical and (or) professional development of a person, satisfaction of his educational needs and interests;
2) upbringing - an activity aimed at developing the personality, creating conditions for self-determination and socialization of the student on the basis of socio-cultural, spiritual and moral values and the rules and norms of behavior accepted in society in the interests of the individual, family, society and the state;
3) learning - a purposeful process of organizing the activities of students to acquire knowledge, skills, skills and competencies, gain experience in activities, develop abilities, gain experience in applying knowledge in everyday life and form students' motivation to receive education throughout their lives;
4) level of education - a completed cycle of education, characterized by a certain unified set of requirements;
5) qualification - the level of knowledge, skills, abilities and competence, characterizing readiness to perform a certain type of professional activity;
6) federal state educational standard - a set of mandatory requirements for education of a certain level and (or) for a profession, specialty and area of training, approved by the federal executive body that performs the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of education;
7) educational standard - a set of mandatory requirements for higher education in specialties and areas of training, approved by educational institutions of higher education, determined by this Federal Law or a decree of the President of the Russian Federation;
8) federal state requirements - mandatory requirements for the minimum content, the structure of additional pre-professional programs, the conditions for their implementation and the terms of study for these programs, approved in accordance with this Federal Law by authorized federal executive bodies;
9) educational program - a complex of the main characteristics of education (volume, content, planned results), organizational and pedagogical conditions and, in the cases provided for by this Federal Law, certification forms, which is presented in the form of a curriculum, a calendar curriculum, work programs of educational subjects, courses, disciplines (modules), other components, as well as assessment and methodological materials;
10) an exemplary basic educational program - educational and methodological documentation (an exemplary curriculum, an exemplary calendar study schedule, exemplary work programs for subjects, courses, disciplines (modules), other components), which determines the recommended volume and content of education at a certain level and (or) a certain direction, the planned results of the development of the educational program, approximate conditions for educational activities, including approximate calculations of the standard costs of providing public services for the implementation of the educational program;
11) general education - a type of education that is aimed at developing the personality and acquiring, in the process of mastering the basic general educational programs, knowledge, skills, and the formation of competencies necessary for a person's life in society, a conscious choice of a profession and obtaining professional education;
12) vocational education - a type of education that is aimed at the acquisition by students in the process of mastering the basic professional educational programs of knowledge, skills, and the formation of competence of a certain level and volume, allowing them to conduct professional activities in a certain area and (or) perform work in a specific profession or specialty;
13) vocational training - a type of education that is aimed at acquiring by students the knowledge, skills and competencies necessary to perform certain labor, service functions (certain types of labor, service activities, professions);
14) additional education - a type of education that is aimed at the comprehensive satisfaction of the educational needs of a person in intellectual, spiritual, moral, physical and (or) professional improvement and is not accompanied by an increase in the level of education;
15) student - an individual who is mastering the educational program;
16) a student with disabilities - an individual who has deficiencies in physical and (or) psychological development, confirmed by the psychological-medical-pedagogical commission and preventing education without creating special conditions;
17) educational activities - activities for the implementation of educational programs;
18) educational organization - a non-profit organization that carries out educational activities on the basis of a license as the main type of activity in accordance with the goals for the achievement of which such an organization was created;
19) an organization providing training - a legal entity carrying out, on the basis of a license, along with the main activity, educational activities as an additional type of activity;
20) organizations carrying out educational activities - educational organizations, as well as organizations providing training. For the purposes of this Federal Law, individual entrepreneurs engaged in educational activities are equated with organizations engaged in educational activities, unless otherwise provided by this Federal Law;
21) a pedagogical worker - an individual who is in labor, service relations with an organization carrying out educational activities, and performs the duties of training, educating students and (or) organizing educational activities;
22) curriculum - a document that defines the list, labor intensity, sequence and distribution of training subjects, courses, disciplines (modules), practice, other types of educational activities and, unless otherwise established by this Federal Law, forms of intermediate certification of students;
23) individual curriculum - a curriculum that ensures the development of an educational program based on the individualization of its content, taking into account the characteristics and educational needs of a particular student;
24) practice - a type of educational activity aimed at the formation, consolidation, development of practical skills and competence in the process of performing certain types of work related to future professional activities;
25) orientation (profile) of education - the orientation of the educational program to specific areas of knowledge and (or) types of activities, which determines its subject and thematic content, the prevailing types of educational activities of the student and the requirements for the results of mastering the educational program;
26) means of training and education - devices, equipment, including sports equipment and inventory, instruments (including musical ones), visual aids, computers, information and telecommunication networks, hardware, software and audiovisual means, printed and electronic educational and information resources and other material objects necessary for the organization of educational activities;
27) inclusive education - ensuring equal access to education for all students, taking into account the diversity of special educational needs and individual opportunities;
28) adapted educational program - an educational program adapted for training persons with disabilities, taking into account the peculiarities of their psychophysical development, individual capabilities and, if necessary, providing correction of developmental disorders and social adaptation of these persons;
29) quality of education - a comprehensive characteristic of educational activities and training of a student, expressing the degree of their compliance with federal state educational standards, educational standards, federal state requirements and (or) the needs of an individual or legal entity in whose interests educational activities are carried out, including the degree of achievement planned results of the educational program;
30) relations in the field of education - a set of public relations for the realization of the right of citizens to education, the purpose of which is the development by students of the content of educational programs (educational relations), and public relations that are associated with educational relations and the purpose of which is to create conditions for the realization of the rights of citizens to education;
31) participants in educational relations - students, parents (legal representatives) of underage students, teachers and their representatives, organizations engaged in educational activities;
32) participants in relations in the field of education - participants in educational relations and federal state bodies, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments, employers and their associations;
33) conflict of interests of a teaching worker - a situation in which a teaching worker, in the course of his professional activities, has a personal interest in obtaining material benefits or other advantages and which affects or may affect the proper performance of professional duties by a teaching worker due to a contradiction between his personal interest and interests student, parents (legal representatives) of minor students;
34) supervision and care of children - a set of measures for the organization of nutrition and household services for children, ensuring their compliance with personal hygiene and daily routine.
Law of the Russian Federation "On Education"- N 273-FZ - regulates social relations that appear in the field of education due to the realization by the population of the right to education. Provides state guarantees of freedoms and rights of people in the field of education and appropriate conditions for the realization of the right to education. Determines the legal status of the participants in the relationship within the framework of educational activities. Establishes the economic, legal, organizational basis of education in our country, the principles of state policy in the field of education, the rules for the operation of the educational system and the implementation of educational activities.