Technological progress is rapidly changing the world, is considered to be for the better. However, any revolution has a lot of negative sides. In the near future, entire professions and industries may go down in history, and millions of people will lose their jobs. Specialists in which areas are in the “risk zone”, which industries you need to flee now so as not to become unemployed tomorrow and which specialties will not bring applicants anything but poverty and disappointment - in the material "URA.Ru"
Material handling specialists
Masters who produce mass-produced parts have a difficult future ahead of them. Due to the development of 3D printing technology, machine labor will soon be much cheaper and more efficient than human labor. There are already hundreds of companies in Russia that manufacture volumetric parts not only from plastic, but also from metals.
In the near future, experts are sure, this technology will also capture mass production. Due to its speed, low cost and lower rejection rate, a modern machine can take even an experienced turner and miller out of work.
Getting education in the field of service and tourism today is a waste of money. Already now, analysts say, more and more people buy tickets on their own, book tours, book hotels and build tourist routes using the Internet. Online services are becoming more convenient and understandable every day.
As a result, a travel agent is not needed even as an adviser. The modern tourist has long been guided by reviews and recommendations online from other travelers.
A profession that used to seem like a guarantor of stable high earnings is rapidly dying. For more and more people, knowing one or two foreign languages becomes the norm. At the same time, due to the huge number of different educational programs, courses and services, the salaries of specialists in this field are not growing.
Another danger is in technology: there are already smartphone apps that allow you to analyze the spoken language of the speaker in a matter of seconds and translate it into printed text in another language. Over time, these technologies will develop and improve.
Internet giant Google has been testing a self-driving car system for several years. Following the Californian corporation, research in this area was started by Toyota, Volvo, Tesla. Every day, hundreds of cars without pilots ply the tracks next to surprised drivers. back side progress - the imminent disappearance of such professions as a taxi driver and a driver of public transport.
In a slightly more distant future - the ruin of driving schools and the reduction of most of the traffic police. In a world where vehicles will be controlled by a computer, people with striped wands will not be needed.
Librarians and archivists
Libraries in the form familiar to us are already disappearing into oblivion. People are less and less looking for books in dusty catalogs and copying the necessary information from encyclopedias into abstracts. The volume of literature in the digitized version is constantly growing, accordingly, the search for a book is increasingly reduced to pressing a few keys, and the need for specialists disappears. A similar story with archivists: the further the process of digitizing documents goes, the less the need for a responsible person.
Courier and postman
Professions that have existed for centuries are living out their last days. In a few years, jokes about Russian Post may become incomprehensible to young people, as the industry itself is in danger of disappearing. The current trend is the delivery of parcels and purchases directly, from person to person, bypassing intermediaries. Moreover, the delivery will be at the mercy of drones, and not students who want to earn extra money.
This year, the first mail quadcopters have been successfully tested in the USA, Australia, Singapore and Switzerland. As for paper letters, no one, probably, has any doubts about their archaism.
Oddly enough, even in the rapidly developing IT industry, there are already “dead” professions. A webmaster is a specialist who combines the skills of a programmer, web designer, optimizer and site system administrator. A few years ago, such a person could single-handedly create and run a website.
Today, there are practically no webmasters in their pure form. Due to the increased requirements for the quality of sites, one person cannot perform all the functions described above equally well. In addition, a large number of services have appeared, thanks to which any user can create his own portal without any problems.
Proofreader and literary editor
Every year cars become more and more literate. A number of programs in a matter of seconds can check the spelling and punctuation of the text and mark the errors found. In the university environment, services that allow you to adapt the text to a certain style, for example, scientific, are becoming increasingly popular. So far, such utilities work most effectively with English language. When checking a Russian text, the help of a competent proofreader is still invaluable. However, very soon technology will take its toll.
High technologies are mercilessly invading areas where it seemed they would never reach. The acclaimed smartphone app Prisma, which can stylize photography as a painter's work, has made many painters consider changing careers.
At the same time, experts note that the picture as art will not die. However, the creators of commercial landscapes and portraits to "order" in the near future may be out of work.
The future promises hard times for pen sharks. There is a real revolution in the world related to natural language processing.
Robots already know how to write news texts indistinguishable from notes created even by an experienced correspondent.
And in March, the Japanese algorithm made it to the finals of a prestigious writing competition with a novel it wrote. Repressive legislation and severe economic situation the industry also does not add faith in the bright future of Russian journalism.
With the development of technological progress in many professions, the need has disappeared, because now they are replaced by automated devices and a variety of gadgets. But in the last century, these professions were very useful and in demand.
Bowling pin setter
Instead of machines, special people were used to set pins
The work was difficult, noisy and underpaid.
As a rule, little boys were hired for this work. The guys setting the pins in the bowling alley were replaced by machines
Alarm clock man
These people walked along a certain route, banging on the windows of their clients with a long stick, throwing stones and screaming at the top of their lungs until they were sure that they had woken up people who did not want to oversleep their work.
The alarm clock man is also no longer needed. Waking up on time is now helped by various gadgets
Nowadays, these people are called hooligans.
A computer
AT English dictionary Webster in 1828, the definition of the word computer is given as: "A person who makes calculations." Before it became a thing, it was a person, usually a young woman. As you may have guessed, they were engaged in various calculations and calculations, because someone had to do this work. Now this word has a completely different definition.
chimney sweep
Yes, chimney sweeps still exist, but only now it is more a whim of the rich, and earlier it was a necessity. By cleaning soot from chimneys, chimney sweeps saved people from a cold death. Fortunately, there are now easier options for heating your home.
Factory workers lecturer
Have you ever listened to music or an audio book while doing monotonous work? Factory workers hired live "lecturers" who read literature to them as they worked. Sometimes workers chipped in to hire this person
Currently, "lecturers" have been replaced by players, radios and other passive entertainment gadgets.
ice carver
Before the invention of the refrigerator, ice had to be collected in the winter to preserve food in order to use it in the summer. Ice was collected by special carvers
They carved blocks of ice from frozen lakes, risking death from hypothermia if they fell into the hole.
Nowadays, ice is not transferred from place to place, but special refrigeration equipment is used.
Enemy aircraft pre-radar listeners
Shortly after the invention of airplanes, armies around the world developed methods for detecting the sound of engines approaching from the horizon.
Before the invention of radar, people relied on workers' sensitive ears and acoustic mirrors. Hearing the approach of an enemy aircraft, these listeners sounded the alarm. Detection of enemy aircraft has become fully automated
Probably, professional students were very bored, and they could use the services of lecturers, but, unfortunately, this contradicted the peculiarities of their work.
Pied Piper
When Europe was suffering from massive rat infestations, this work was one of the most popular
Rats often carried diseases, and these people risked getting sick from bites, but their work was an important public service.
It was the best "rat trap" with guaranteed results, but at the same time it was also the most expensive.
Lantern lighter
Before the introduction of electric lamps, Street lights lit by hand
Special people walked the streets and their list of duties included lighting lanterns, extinguishing and refueling
Milkman
Without refrigeration, milk will spoil within one day. That's why a person was needed to make daily deliveries, right up to the advent of the refrigerator.
Milkmen were common in the cities, as the inhabitants countryside were not deficient in milk. Despite the fact that this point is present in the article, in some places milkmen still continue to do their job, for example in India
log ferryer
Even before highways and railways the best way transporting logs was rafting on the river. These people were in charge of this process.
People divided into groups and looked after problem areas in which logs could get stuck, forming some kind of dam
Noticing the emerging congestion, they had to eliminate it as quickly as possible before a major congestion formed.
In cases where they did not succeed, the workers used dynamite to eliminate major congestion
Working with dynamite, standing above the water on logs tied together, deaths on the job were commonplace for timber rafters, as they were often littered with logs or drowned in the water when they were under them. At the same time, their work was considered prestigious and highly respected.
switch operator
Today's millions of simultaneous phone calls are routed digitally
Not too long ago, all of these calls were handled manually by countless switchboard operators literally connecting wire to wire.
"Gandhi Dancers"
It sounds very exotic, but in fact, these people were engaged in heavy manual labor. "Gandhi dancers" is a slang term for railway workers who were engaged in laying, repairing and preventing railway tracks. "Gandhi" was the name of a company that produced tools, and "dancers" they were nicknamed because of the characteristic movements that workers performed by hammering crutches into sleepers.
Resurrectionist
In the 19th century, doctors in universities and hospitals had to hire people to steal corpses from graves for research and experimentation. Often the students themselves medical schools, as practical tasks were issued, but they had to find the material for execution on their own. So there was a special protection for graves called "Mortsafe"
Daguerreotypist
The daggerotype was the forerunner of photography, only in their case the final image was not on photographic paper, but on a polished silver-plated copper plate. Since the image was developed by mercury vapor, it was a very dangerous and very expensive pleasure. It is worth noting that at that time the pictures were of fairly high quality, but, unfortunately, they could not be copied.
More and more professions and occupations are given to robots and machines. The market economy calls for efficiency, so the owners of businesses or shops replace a person with an automaton who does not need to be paid and who is not prone to making mistakes. In fact, this is nothing new - and with the development of technology, some professions simply replace others. Look At Me remembered 12 professions that have disappeared due to the development of technology or will disappear very soon.
6 professions that
have already disappeared
Alarm clock man
Occupation of the alarm clock man (in English it was called knocker-up, so we offer a free translation) existed in England and Ireland during the industrial revolution - and disappeared only in the 20s of the last century. Entrepreneurs hired such people to wake up workers before the shift: the alarm clock man walked around the city in the morning and knocked with a long stick (most often it was made of bamboo) through the windows of the houses. Usually this work was done by older people who received only a few pence a week for it. It is easy to guess what technology has made the profession meaningless: the appearance of an ordinary alarm clock.
Lecturer
We are used to a "lecturer" being a person who teaches at a university or gives public lectures, but at the beginning of the 20th century, this term was used to refer to a strange form of entertainment for workers. Lecturers worked in cigar factories - they were people who read newspapers and other texts aloud to the workers so that they would not be bored. Cigar production was monotonous: day after day, workers manually rolled cigars from tobacco leaves, so the workers needed to be entertained. The profession originated in Cuba, but was most popular in New York. The lecturers preferred left-wing political manifestos and texts on workers' unions. The factory owners did not like this, and in the 1920s lecturers were replaced by radio.
Iceman
Before refrigerators became common in the 1940s, people stored food in glaciers - ice cabinets. They needed ice, which created two jobs that were most often performed by the same worker. Firstly, ice was cut out of frozen lakes and rivers, and secondly, blocks of ice were delivered to their homes several times a week: people hung signs on their houses so that the ice carrier knew exactly how much they needed. Despite the fact that the profession almost disappeared with the advent of refrigerators, ice is still being delivered - for example, to restaurants.
Alloyer
In the 19th century, trees felled by lumberjacks were rafted down rivers to sawmills. In winter, felled trees piled on the frozen surface of the river, in spring the ice melted and the logs began to float downstream. The rafters walked along the shore with long sticks, guiding the logs and removing various obstacles from their path. By the beginning of the 20th century, with the spread railway and the advent of portable sawmills, the profession came to naught, but remained in the popular and mass consciousness: for example, the song “The Log Driver's Waltz” was written about rafters, based on which a cartoon was filmed in Canada in 1979.
Lamplighter
Before the advent of electric lights, many big cities were illuminated by gas lamps, and they had to be lit - and this was done special person. Lamplighters used long ladders to climb onto the lantern and then lit the lanterns with matches or an oil lamp. For example, in New York at the beginning of the 20th century, lamplighters lit 200-300 lanterns per hour. The profession did not disappear with the advent of electric lighting, but even earlier: gas companies came up with a mechanism that automatically lit lanterns at a certain time, without the help of people.
telephone operator
When in late XIX century, the first commercial telephone line was turned on, and teenage boys were initially hired as operators. But they played pranks and fooled the callers, so the companies began to hire women - and the profession of a telephone operator became female for a long time. Telephone operators sat at a special cord board, switching and connecting different telephone lines with each other. Telephone operators worked this way manually until the 1980s, when this system was used for international calls.
6 jobs that will soon disappear
Cashier at the supermarket
Robots will hit hardest and fastest not factories and production, but retail. Why keep a man behind the counter when everyone can sell vending machines? The first supermarkets without sellers, with only self-service and electronic checkouts, began to appear in the late 2000s - and there are only more of them. For example, in the UK, the first such store appeared in 2009, and now every 6th supermarket in the country hires only 1 person to monitor the work of cashier robots and repair them if necessary.
assembly line worker
However, work at the plant is also under threat. People working on the assembly line are being replaced by machines, because they do everything more efficiently and more accurately. This is best illustrated by the production of semiconductor processors. They are used in almost every electronic device in the world, but modern transistors are so small (100,000 times smaller than a human hair) that a person cannot cope with them - and an automated and finely tuned machine works instead. According to some estimates, in 5 years the number of people working in assembly line production will be reduced by 32%, and about half of them will be in factories producing processors.
Farmer
With agriculture many people have the most romantic ideas: in order for food to be tasty, people must certainly grow it, work with the earth with their hands, so that everything is their own, “organic”. Unfortunately, technology furnishes people here too. More and more work is done by machines, the industry is ruled by large farms where everything is automated, and the owners of these farms can save on resources - primarily on workers. Although farming is far from extinction, and small private farms supplying food to a small number of buyers will always be popular, in the US alone the number of farmers will decrease by 10% in the next 5 years. (or even 20%).
Travel agent
According to a survey conducted by Tradedoubler back in 2013, 62% of people plan a trip and look for flights on their own, without resorting to the services of travel agents. Travel agencies have no doubt been hit by the rise of the internet, with more and more people using online services to plan their vacations. Why trust your vacation to someone if you can find cheap flights on the Internet yourself and rent an apartment on Aribnb instead of a hotel? According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, by 2022 the number of travel agents in the US will decline by 12%. Even US President Barack Obama said a few years ago that, in his opinion, the profession of a travel agent has lost its meaning and is outdated.
Postal worker
Work on paper mail suffers for several reasons at once. First, of course, due to the spread Email: In 2012 there were 3 billion e-mail accounts in the world, now there are probably more. Since 2006, the number of sent paper letters has fallen by 500 million. Secondly, the work of the mail itself is automated: for example, such an activity as manual sorting of mail loses its meaning. Some organizations, such as the USPS, are figuring out ways to deliver mail as efficiently as possible and reduce resources: in some US cities, for example, entire neighborhoods share mailboxes so that mail carriers don't have to travel many houses at once.
Video rental employee
A simple but iconic 20th-century profession: a video rental worker, a person who rented videocassettes, and later DVDs, and who, according to pop culture, must have had an extensive knowledge of cinema. Quentin Tarantino worked in a video store before becoming a director. This profession has been praised in many pop culture works, such as the movie Clerks or the animated series The Simpsons. Now, of course, it is clear that this profession will soon completely lose its relevance: no one has been renting cassettes and discs for a long time, but downloading and streaming films on their computer. A few years ago, America's largest rental chain, Blockbuster, closed down, but some experts believe that the agony of video rentals will continue for a long time - and they will disappear slowly.
To acquaint children with obsolete and forgotten professions, to consolidate knowledge about familiar and modern professions, to expand the horizons of pupils.
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Theme: Obsolete and forgotten professions
Goals: introduce children to obsolete and forgotten professions,
consolidate knowledge about familiar and modern professions,
broaden the horizons of students.
Tasks: develop colloquial speech and memory, to learn to determine the importance of each profession.
Lesson progress
- Introductory speech of the presenter
Think what would be
When the tailor would say:
I don't want to sew dresses
I'll take a day off!
And all the tailors in the city
They would follow him home
People would go naked
On the street in winter.
Think what would be
When the doctor would say:
I don't want to tear my teeth
I won't even if you cry!
Sick medical care
There would be none.
And you would sit and suffer
With a bandaged cheek.
Think what would be
When the driver said:
I don't want to take people!
And turned off the engine.
Trolleybuses, buses
covered with snow,
Factory workers
We would walk.
The teacher at school would say:
me this year
I do not want to teach children
I won't come to school!
Notebooks and textbooks.
Would roll in the dust
And you would be unlearned
Growing up to old age.
Think what would
There was a sudden disaster!
But just won't do it
Nobody ever
And the people won't refuse
From the required labor:
The teacher is required
Coming to class in the morning
And the bakers diligently
Bread will be baked for you.
Any job will be done
What do not entrust them
Tailors and shoemakers
Drivers and doctors.
We are all a friendly family
We live in the same country
And everyone honestly works
On the spot, on your own.
(L. Kuklin)
Today we will talk about professions.
Who knows what a profession is? Talk to explanatory dictionary(D/W)
A profession is the main occupation of a person, his labor activity.
AT modern world there are about 40 thousand professions. Each person chooses for himself one to which he will devote his life. Any profession is important and necessary for a comfortable and prosperous life of mankind.
Let's remember what professions are most common in our lives. What do you think, is it possible to single out the most important and best from all the variety?
Most professions willy-nilly disappear from life modern society, they turn out to be unnecessary due to the development of science and technology and the emergence of machines that can replace manual labor people, relieving heavy loads and increasing labor productivity. Such professions are called obsolete or forgotten. We will learn more about some of them today.
- Main part
- Bondar (slide 1 ) is an old profession, otherwise the masters of this business were called a cooper or betrothed. Bondar is a craftsman who makes wooden barrels, tubs and other hooped and wicker utensils. There are things in our lives that we can replace with something, but we don’t want to. You will not get from this replacement either the desired effect, or the correct result, or personal joy. Take, for example, a barrel - a necessary thing in the household and irreplaceable by any miracles of technology. You can pickle cucumbers and cabbage in it, and you can put it in a bathhouse, and wine is stored in oak barrels. Making barrels all over the world is hard manual work. Each barrel is unique in itself, so cooperage can be safely called folk art.
- Blacksmith (slides 2,3,4,5)- a master in the manufacture of products from heated metal. For a long time, the profession of a blacksmith has enjoyed great honor and respect, which is not surprising, since not only life, but also their lives depended on the skill of such a specialist. A good blacksmith could forge weapons, armor, tools, and even jewelry. In addition, the blacksmith had a huge physical strength, and they were simply afraid to argue with him. The importance of this profession is also evidenced by the fact that neither kings nor gods disdained to pick up a blacksmith's hammer - it is enough to recall Tsar Peter the Great and the god Hephaestus. However, in the modern world high technology the profession of a blacksmith somewhat lost its position and moved into the category of crafts that make decorative items rather than household items. However, this profession still attracts attention with its magic and the ability to turn cold metal into a work of art.
- Weaver (slides 6,7) - a master in the production of fabrics on a loom. People learned to weave even before the advent of yarn in the Stone Age, weaving plant fibers, creepers, strips of leather. On the first looms, the warp of the fabric was placed vertically and tied to the branches of trees. At the ground, the threads were fixed with stones and pegs. Threads were woven by hand. On the machines, you can weave carpets, tapestries, linen, ribbons, braid. Each type of fabric requires a specific machine.
- Potter (slide 8) - Clay maker. From this material you can make dishes, toys, musical instruments, decorations. Potter is a profession successfully supplanted by civilization. However, pottery, which has lost its practical importance these days, is increasingly being resurrected as an entertaining hobby. More and more shops selling clay and pottery wheels are opening in the cities, and it is not difficult to find pottery schools. The popularity of this ancient craft is easy to explain. After all, working with clay really calms the nerves. Those who work with the potter's wheel claim that clay absorbs negative energy and charges with positive emotions.
- Carpenter (slide 9) - one of the most common construction professions, it is a profession of a wide profile. The specialist performs work related to the processing of wood and the manufacture of various parts, products and building structures from it. This is an ancient and necessary craft for society. By definition, a carpenter is one of the construction professions, but such specialists work in the production of windows, doors, furniture, and build houses. People involved in this field have been on Earth since ancient times. Mentions of them were found in documents that are already more than 5 thousand years old. The tree was able to process almost all civilizations of the world - Egypt, China, the Philippines, India, European tribes. Entire cities were built from wood. Wood is a relatively light building material. For thousands of years it was worked with only an ax, wooden wedges and an adze. The saw appeared only 400 years ago. This noble craft was not embarrassed even by persons of noble blood - for example, Peter the Great personally took part in the construction of ships. Christians attribute this craft to their god Jesus, who was a carpenter.
- Coachman (slide 10) - this is a coachman public service. The coachmen performed the yam duty, carried out postal transportation, transportation of officials, state and state goods. They lived near the city in special pit settlements and received money and gunpowder salaries from the state treasury. This profession became unnecessary when rail transport developed well and all transportation began to be carried out by rail.
- Spinner (slide 11) - a profession very similar to the profession of a weaver. The threads were spun from animal hair on a special device called a spinning wheel. The finished thread was wound on a spindle.
- Lamplighter (slide 12)- a bright profession in the truest sense of the word. A lamplighter is a person who lit lanterns in cities. At that time there was no electricity yet, and it was necessary to light the streets at night. In the distant past, moving with a burning torch from one pillar to another, the lamplighter lit street lamps, inside of which were not electric bulbs, but oil lamps. It took whole hours of work, he went to work after dark, and left at dawn, because he had to put out the street lights when it dawned. His constant attributes were a rag for cleaning sooty glass and a ladder by which he climbed to the lantern.
- Zvonar (slide 13)- the profession of "ringer" today is one of the rare, but at the same time very popular specialties. The profession itself has existed in Russia for more than 1000 years. And what is the essence of the profession of a bell ringer? His task is not only to give a signal for the beginning of the service, but also to make sure that a person hears the "voice" of the church and comes to the temple. The ringer is always an improviser. It can slightly change the ringing depending on the mood. It may turn out that the sun is shining - the bells sound more cheerful, because the ringer's soul rejoices and sings, and when it's cloudy, it rains all day long, and the ringing is somehow more sad, even dull.
This, of course, is not the whole list of obsolete and forgotten professions, but only a small part of it. Let's remember what professions we called today.
3. And in conclusion, I will tell you about unusual professions, they can even make you smile.
Ball picker.
Such vacancies can be found in large golf clubs. It is the responsibility of the ball picker to ensure that the grounds adjacent to the golf course are free from balls accidentally dropped there.
Ant catcher.
The ant catcher must catch the best individuals in the anthill, which later will serve to procreate on artificial ant farms.
Odorologist.
The vacancy for a smell specialist is open in some companies engaged in the production of deodorants. Smell experts apply deodorant to the participants' armpits and monitor how the smell of the deodorant changes throughout the day.
Egg breaker.
The main duty of a worker in this profession is to separate the proteins from the yolks using a special machine in which he must put whole chicken eggs.
An operator that determines the sex of chickens.
When the age of chickens is 1 day, it is important to accurately determine their sex, since their further nutrition and conditions of detention will depend on this.
Wrinkle remover.
In expensive shoe boutiques, there are people who specifically make sure that there are no wrinkles on the shoes that customers try on. They straighten them out.
Golf club grinder.
Luxury golf clubs have "specialists" whose job it is to rub the clubs of customers with a special lubricant to ensure better contact between the club and the ball.
Pillow leveler.
In furniture stores that specialize in the sale of bedroom sets, there are vacancies for pillow equalizers. These people should walk around the trading floor and make sure that there are no wrinkles on the pillows.
Companion.
The rhythm of life in Tokyo is even faster than in Moscow. So, the appearance of the profession of an interlocutor there is quite natural. These comrades sit in their booths in the busiest districts of the capital and listen to everyone. For a week, each professional interlocutor gives a chance to open up to almost 10,000 residents of the country.
Toilet guide.
A new service has also appeared in China. On the streets of Chinese cities you can now meet comrades who, for a fee of 4 cents, are ready to tell anyone where the nearest public toilet is. In their work books it is written: “The civil servant is a toilet guide!”.
Waiter in line.
Frankly, you can be happy for the British. An office has appeared in the country that promises citizens that they will not stand in lines. A specially trained “stayer” will do this for them. Services are not cheap - almost 40 bucks an hour. If we take into account that every Englishman stands in line for more than a year in his life, then the savings are in the face!
- Summary of the lesson
When you grow up and stand up as an adult, it's time to choose a profession. Many roads will open before you, where you can find your place in this world. Maybe you will become a scientist and invent a time machine, or will you be able to find a vaccine for a dangerous disease? What if you go on an interplanetary ship to explore the expanses of the universe? Or you sing and dance well and your future is a theatrical stage, applause and a sea of flowers. And if you like to cook, someday you will be a chef or open your own cafe. What a good dream! But, do not forget that everyone has their own path in life, their own destiny. Do not try to look for easy roads, the path to success is always work up to a sweat.
And so that you do not forget everything that we talked about today, you will receive creative task. Draw at home a person of one of the forgotten or obsolete professions.