At the time of the Preobrazhensky shipbuilding, here, on the right bank of the Yauza, there was a Matrosskaya Sloboda (hence the names of Matrosskaya Tishina Street and Matrossky Bridge). Peter built a hospital for sailors next to the linen factory. And in the years 1805-1808, the Preobrazhensky “dollgauz”, or “House of the mind deprived” was built here. The date "1808" is still stamped on the façade. It was the first specialized psychiatric hospital in Moscow and one of the first in Russia. Emperor Alexander I found funds for the construction: for this he transferred the money collected by the Moscow nobility for his coronation celebrations. The author of the project was the provincial architect Ivan Selekhov, assistant to M.F. Kazakov.
The classical building of the hospital was built in the manor traditions: the main house with a pediment and a pilaster portico in the center; wings connect it to the side wings. Initially, the building was designed for 80 patients, each of whom had a separate ward. Large halls were placed in the center of both floors. The cast-iron balustrades of the stairs have survived to this day. On the vast territory of the hospital there are several more buildings of the XIX century, standing among the old park. An interesting wooden outbuilding overlooking Matrosskaya Tishina - there are very few of these left in Moscow.
Several prominent Russian psychiatrists worked in the Preobrazhenskaya Hospital - V.F. Sabler, N.N. Bazhenov, A.S. Kronfeld, V.A. Gilyarovsky (she bears his name today, not to be confused with the famous journalist!). But their fame is far inferior to the glory of one of the patients - the holy fool, seer and predictor Ivan Yakovlevich Koreysha (1783-1861). He lived here for over forty years. Koreysha was described by Leskov, Ostrovsky, Dostoevsky. Crowds of people who wanted to know their future, mostly women, gathered at the walls of the "dollhouse" and demanded a meeting with Koreysha. It got to the point that they began to sell tickets for his “sessions” (20 kopecks each), the proceeds ensured the well-being of the entire institution. As a rule, Koreisha gave incoherent and associative answers to the questions of clients, so the interpretation of his predictions required a lot of imagination. Visitors even examined the dried sheets from Koreysha's bed (Ivan Yakovlevich never got out of bed) and took their pieces home. When Koreysha fell seriously ill, they began to let him in for free - to say goodbye. Eight days before his death, the seer asked for fish soup from eight perches. When he died, a crowd of sobbing women and men carried the coffin in their arms to the cemetery at the Church of Elijah the Prophet in Cherkizovo. On the grave of Koreishi today there are fresh flowers, gingerbread and sweets that his admirers bring.
In the Museum of the Preobrazhensky Hospital, Koreishi's medical record has been preserved, in which it is written: "The causes of the disease are frantic pursuits religious books. The disease is completely incurable." Probably, it was with Koreysha that Nikolai Gogol, who was going through a severe spiritual crisis, wanted to see a few days before his death. There is a story about how on Shrove Tuesday in 1852 he took a cab and ordered him to be driven through all of Moscow to the Preobrazhenskaya hospital. Having approached the gate, Gogol, however, did not dare to go inside, walked back and forth, then moved away from the gate, stood for a long time in the snow, in the field, in the wind, thinking about something ... Finally, he got into the sleigh and ordered to go back to Nikitsky Boulevard...
At the time of the Preobrazhensky shipbuilding, here, on the right bank of the Yauza, there was a Matrosskaya Sloboda (hence the names of Matrosskaya Tishina Street and Matrossky Bridge). Peter built a hospital for sailors next to the linen factory. And in the years 1805-1808, the Preobrazhensky “dollgauz”, or “House of the mind deprived” was built here. The date "1808" is still stamped on the façade. It was the first specialized psychiatric hospital in Moscow and one of the first in Russia. Emperor Alexander I found funds for the construction: for this he transferred the money collected by the Moscow nobility for his coronation celebrations. The author of the project was the provincial architect Ivan Selekhov, assistant to M.F. Kazakov.
The classical building of the hospital was built in the manor traditions: the main house with a pediment and a pilaster portico in the center; wings connect it to the side wings. Initially, the building was designed for 80 patients, each of whom had a separate ward. Large halls were placed in the center of both floors. The cast-iron balustrades of the stairs have survived to this day. On the vast territory of the hospital there are several more buildings of the XIX century, standing among the old park. An interesting wooden outbuilding overlooking Matrosskaya Tishina - there are very few of these left in Moscow.
Several prominent Russian psychiatrists worked in the Preobrazhenskaya Hospital - V.F. Sabler, N.N. Bazhenov, A.S. Kronfeld, V.A. Gilyarovsky (she bears his name today, not to be confused with the famous journalist!). But their fame is far inferior to the glory of one of the patients - the holy fool, seer and predictor Ivan Yakovlevich Koreysha (1783-1861). He lived here for over forty years. Koreysha was described by Leskov, Ostrovsky, Dostoevsky. Crowds of people who wanted to know their future, mostly women, gathered at the walls of the "dollhouse" and demanded a meeting with Koreysha. It got to the point that they began to sell tickets for his “sessions” (20 kopecks each), the proceeds ensured the well-being of the entire institution. As a rule, Koreisha gave incoherent and associative answers to the questions of clients, so the interpretation of his predictions required a lot of imagination. Visitors even examined the dried sheets from Koreysha's bed (Ivan Yakovlevich never got out of bed) and took their pieces home. When Koreysha fell seriously ill, they began to let him in for free - to say goodbye. Eight days before his death, the seer asked for fish soup from eight perches. When he died, a crowd of sobbing women and men carried the coffin in their arms to the cemetery at the Church of Elijah the Prophet in Cherkizovo. On the grave of Koreishi today there are fresh flowers, gingerbread and sweets that his admirers bring.
In the museum of the Preobrazhensky hospital, Koreishi's medical record has been preserved, in which it is written: “The causes of the disease are frantic studies of religious books. The disease is completely incurable." Probably, it was with Koreysha that Nikolai Gogol, who was going through a severe spiritual crisis, wanted to see a few days before his death. There is a story about how on Shrove Tuesday in 1852 he took a cab and ordered him to be driven through all of Moscow to the Preobrazhenskaya hospital. Having approached the gate, Gogol, however, did not dare to go inside, walked back and forth, then moved away from the gate, stood for a long time in the snow, in the field, in the wind, thinking about something ... Finally, he got into the sleigh and ordered to go back to Nikitsky Boulevard...