© N.M. BELYAEVA, 2013 UDC 616.9-022:061.62
Dedicated to the 80th anniversary of the Department of Infectious Diseases of the Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education
In 1930 was organized Central Institute improvement of doctors in Moscow.
At this time, a high incidence of infectious diseases was noted everywhere: typhus and typhoid fever, malaria, diphtheria, scarlet fever - outbreaks and epidemics were recorded throughout the country. And then the CIU administration decides to create a department of infectious diseases. Mikhail Petrovich Kireev, assistant professor of the course of infectious diseases at the Department of Therapy of the 1st Moscow Medical Institute named after I.I. THEM. Sechenov.
The clinical base of the department was the hospital. S.P. Botkin, built in 1910 at the expense of the famous book publisher and philanthropist Kozma Terentyevich Soldatenkov. Kozma Terentyevich bequeathed money for the construction of "a free hospital for the poor in Moscow, without distinction of rank, class, religion." At that time the hospital consisted of six buildings. Thus, diphtheria, scarlet fever, typhoid, surgical and therapeutic buildings were deployed, equipped with laboratory and disinfection units.
Mikhail Petrovich Kireev (1873-1943) was born in Moscow, in 1899 he graduated from the medical faculty of Moscow University and worked as an intern in the infectious diseases department of the Sokolniki Hospital.
In 1904-1905. Mikhail Petrovich published several scientific papers on typhus, "On the reaction of blood in typhus", "On the temperature curve in typhus", "To the question of the diagnostic value of rash in typhus." In 1905, Kireev defended his thesis for the degree doctor of medical sciences "Observations on blood changes in typhus."
In 1906, he published the results of a unique study on the problem of drug disease, "To the casuistry of scarlatina medicamentosa", which presented a description of a drug rash accompanied by fever. This work was one of the first to form the basis of ideas about drug disease.
Since 1907 M.P. Kireev began to read a course of lectures on infectious diseases at the medical faculty of Moscow University. In 1910, he was chosen as the first head of the infectious diseases department in the newly created Soldatenkovskaya hospital, where he happened to live and work until 1943.
During the First World War M.P. Kireev organized and headed the Khodynskaya "infectious" hospital, which was a 1000-bed barrack-type hospital for infectious patients, servicemen with typhus who continuously arrived from the front.
For correspondence: Belyaeva Natalia Mikhailovna, Dr. med. sciences, prof., head. cafe infectious diseases RMAPO.
In the 20s of the XX century, M.P. Kireev with the staff of the department studied the clinic and diagnosis of scarlet fever and diphtheria, the phenomenon of chronic carriage of pathogens, as well as methods of immunotherapy and prevention, including, in particular, the use of antitoxic serum and the combined scarlet fever vaccine.
In 1923, Mikhail Petrovich was awarded the title of professor.
M.P. Kireev was deputy chairman of the All-Union Society of Microbiologists, Epidemiologists and Infectionists. He was the founder of the school of infectious disease doctors, his student was Acad. USSR Academy of Medical Sciences A.F. Bilibin. In 1940 M.P. Kireev was awarded the title of Honored Scientist of the RSFSR.
M.P. Kireev was a wonderful clinician. All his life, along with scientific and pedagogical activity was associated with the sick, to whom he gave the warmth of his soul. Even sudden death caught him at the bedside. It happened during the Great Patriotic War in 1943, Mikhail Petrovich performed medical and civic duty until the last days of his life.
From 1944 to 1970 the department was headed by G.P. Rudnev.
Georgy Pavlovich chose his fate as a student of the Don University, while simultaneously working as an orderly in cholera and typhoid barracks, where he contracted typhus and relapsing fever (Azov, 1921).
Rudnev was a student of prof. I.V. Zavadsky, who actively dealt with the problems infectious diseases, took part in an expedition to the Black Sea coast, where there were foci of malaria.
Since 1926, Georgy Pavlovich was an assistant at the Department of Infectious Diseases in Rostov-on-Don. At this time, he studied bacteriological, hematological aspects in patients with brucellosis, plague, anthrax, clinical features and laboratory diagnostics.
In 1936, Georgy Pavlovich Rudnev successfully defended his doctoral dissertation "Clinic of the Plague", and in 1938 he wrote the monograph "Clinic of the Plague", which was awarded the first prize of the Academic Medical Council of the People's Commissariat of Health of the USSR. Somewhat later, his monograph "Tularemia" was published, which also received recognition from infectious disease specialists.
From the first days of the Great Patriotic War, G.P. Rudnev was sent to Western Front as chief epidemiologist, infectious disease consultant for especially dangerous infections, organizer of large infectious diseases hospitals.
In the spring of 1944, Rudnev, returning from the front, headed the Department of Infectious Diseases of the TsIU. An outstanding organizer, a brilliant lecturer, in a short time Georgy Pavlovich managed to restore high level teaching, to create a team of like-minded people, to expand scientific research. In 1948 G.P. Rudnev was elected a corresponding member, and in 1953 he became a full member of the Academy of Medical Sciences. Since 1960, Georgy Pavlovich Rudnev has been a member of the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences.
At the Department of Infectious Diseases, important scientific research was carried out on the problems of vaccine therapy for brucellosis and tularemia, the use of antibiotics and corticosteroid drugs for intestinal infections; studied the pathogenesis and classification of typhoid, dysentery, salmonellosis, viral hepatitis, mononucleosis, anthrax, mixed infections. Under the leadership of G.P. Rudnev, more than 60 doctoral and PhD theses; his students headed most of the departments of universities, and also began to manage large departments of research institutes and medical institutions: A.G. Podvarko (Makhachkala, Krasnodar), B.L. Ugryumov (Kyiv), S.E. Shapiro (Khabarovsk), P.K. Musabaev (Tashkent), M.A. Zeit-lenok (Voronezh), A.I. Kortev (Sverdlovsk), S.N. Sorinson (Nizhny Novgorod), Yu.M. Mikhailova (Moscow, Saratov), Yu.V. Skavinsky (Novokuznetsk, Perm), A.F. Bluger (Riga), P.A. Alekseev (Frunze, Bishkek), A.I. Khochava (Grozny, Tbilisi), P.P. Chibiras (Vilnius), Sh.Kh. Khodzhiev (Tashkent), A.A. Tashpulatov (Samarkand), I.R. Drobinsky (Donetsk, Chisinau), G.M. Immamalaeva (Baku), N.A. Mirzoyan (Yerevan), L.S. Yarovoy (Stavropol), N.R. Ivanov (Saratov), G.F. Belov (Novosibirsk), V.I. Leiman (Samara) and others.
Georgy Pavlovich published 6 monographs, and his "Guide to Infectious Diseases" is still a reference book for infectious disease doctors of different generations. AT post-war years G.P. Rudnev successfully represented Soviet medical science abroad: Iran (1945). Finland (1958), Bulgaria (1960), India (1961), Czechoslovakia and Egypt (1963), Belgium (1966).
His students remained at the department: E.A. Galperin, A.V. Eremenko, A.D. Sidorova, T.F. Paltseva, E.V. Stanzo, A.S. Bogdanova, Yu.F. Shcherbak, G.E. Latsinik, postgraduate student A.A. Stroganov, who formed the backbone of the department in subsequent years.
From 1970 to 1990 Vladimir Nikolaevich Nikiforov (1919-1990) headed the department. Vladimir Nikolayevich was born into a family of a doctor in Kuznetsk, Penza region.
In 1939, he participated in the fighting in the Finnish company, fought on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War in 1941-1943, was wounded and after demobilization entered the 2nd MMU. After graduating from graduate school, he defended his thesis on "Clinical observations in the treatment of certain infectious diseases with penicillin aerosol inhalations", after which he was left at the Department of Infectious Diseases as an assistant. In 1955 V.N. Nikiforov headed the Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology in Albania at the Tirana Medical Institute. He worked on outbreaks of diphtheria, anthrax, typhus and typhoid fever.
In 1958, Nikiforov became deputy director for science at the IEM of the Siberian branch of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, and in 1962 he was appointed deputy chief physician of the Central Clinical Hospital of the 4th Main Directorate of the USSR Ministry of Health. The doctoral dissertation of Vladimir Nikolaevich was devoted to the clinic and treatment of the cutaneous form of anthrax. In 1967 he received the title of professor, in 1975 he was elected a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences.
The main directions of his research were the problems of pathogenesis, clinic and treatment of cholera, anthrax, plague, botulism, toxoplasmosis, typhoid fever.
A brilliant lecturer, excellent clinician, diagnostician, "doctor from God" V.N. Nikiforov carried out a huge consultative work in different regions Soviet Union, worked on outbreaks of typhoid fever, cholera, anthrax, botulism, HIV infection.
Under the leadership of V.N. Nikiforov on the basis of the Clinical Hospital. S.P. Botkin, scientific and practical centers for botulism and toxoplasmosis were created. New approaches to the treatment of botulism have reduced mortality from 17 to 4%. The monograph of Vladimir Nikolaevich "Botulism", being the result of the study of pathogenesis, clinic, new approaches to treatment, is still relevant at the present time.
The scientific interests of VN Nikiforov and his school were widely represented and were always associated with practical recommendations. Work on outbreaks of typhoid fever made it possible to study the pathogenetic aspects of infectious-toxic shock, which made it possible to reduce mortality during the epidemic in Uzbekistan (1979), Dagestan (1987), South Ossetia (1988) and other regions.
Participation in the work on the outbreak of anthrax in Sverdlovsk (1978), plague in Vietnam (1982-1983), HIV infection in Elista made it possible to identify the epidemiological features of these infectious diseases, their clinical aspects, and to review approaches to treatment.
V.N. Nikiforov traveled 27 times to various countries world to assist health authorities, including Mongolia, Kenya, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Vietnam, which was a manifestation of personal courage and strength of character.
Great clinical experience and an analytical approach to the problems of infectious pathology allowed V.N. Nikiforov to read surprisingly wise, interesting lectures. Leading academicians of the country visited the department, took part in the educational process, introduced students to topical problems of infectology.
V.N. Nikiforov repeatedly made presentations at international conferences in Italy, USA, Bulgaria, Hungary, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Riga, Yugoslavia. Under his leadership, 20 candidate and 2 doctoral dissertations were defended, 4 monographs and more than 140 scientific papers were published. For many years V.N. Nikiforov was the chief infectious disease specialist of the Ministry of Health of the RSFSR.
Sudden death on August 21, 1990 interrupted the life of Vladimir Nikolaevich - an excellent teacher, a great infectious disease scientist.
The composition of the department was gradually updated: in connection with the natural departure of the department's employees G.P. Rudnev were enrolled in the department of L.P. Ivanova, O.V. Yampolskaya, Yu.S. Alyatin, I.P. Tryakina, N.A. Noeva, T.N. Kuzmenko, N.M. Belyaeva, M.Kh. Turyanov.
In this year (1990), Mels Habibovich Turyanov (1940-2004) was elected head of the department.
M.Kh. Turyanov was born in Bashkiria, after graduating from the Bashkir Medical Institute in 1965, he entered graduate school at the Department of Infectious Diseases of the 1st MMI named after I.M. Sechenov. M.Kh. Turyanov is a student of Acad. AMN K.V. Bunin, and then corresponding member of the Academy of Medical Sciences, prof. S.G. Pack. In 1972 he defended his Ph.D. thesis on typhoid bacteriocarrier, and in 1984 he
defended his doctoral dissertation on the clinical and pathogenetic role of prostaglandins in intestinal infections.
Under the leadership of M.Kh. Turyanov conducted scientific research on topical issue diphtheria, a new classification of diphtheria was developed, received scientific rationale intravenous administration of antidiphtheria serum in adequate doses depending on the severity of diphtheria, methods of extracorporeal therapy - "hemosorption" with the use of a new unique immunosorbent have been developed. results scientific research were reflected in the monograph "Diphtheria in adults", which was the result of the work of the staff of the department and doctors of the clinic.
In 1994 M.Kh. Turyanov, as the chief infectious disease specialist of the Ministry of Health, took an active part in organizing measures to eliminate a major outbreak of cholera in Dagestan. During this period, the following were invited to the department: professors L.V. Pogorelskaya, V.B. Beloborodov, assistants G.V. Sapronov and V.B. Tetova. Employees of the department conduct clinical testing of new drugs with antiviral activity. So, it was studied and recommended for practical application drug Amiksin.
The educational process was replenished with new cycles: "sexually transmitted infections", "Viral hepatitis and HIV", "Outpatient care for infectious patients", "Phytotherapy for infectious patients", "Homeopathy for infections". In 1989, for the first time in the country, the department created a plan and program for the advanced training of doctors on the problem of HIV infection. Regularly began to conduct advanced training cycles on HIV infection and opportunistic infections both at the department and on field cycles in the regions of the Russian Federation and the CIS countries.
In 1996, together with the Department of Tropical Diseases, edited by Acad. AND I. Lysenko published a monograph "HIV infection and AIDS - opportunistic diseases". The book was a necessary guide for doctors of all specialties. A new unified program, attestation and certification tests, new standards for infectious diseases were also created.
Under the leadership of M.Kh. Turyanov completed 6 doctoral and 15 master's theses, he is the author of 300 publications, 5 inventions.
Today they are engaged in scientific developments, speak at conferences, advise patients, give lectures to students and just live the life of the department 8 teachers: head of the department, 2 professors, 5 associate professors and 3 part-time employees.
Since 2004, the department has been headed by Natalia Mikhailovna Belyaeva, professor, doctor of medical sciences, honored doctor of the Russian Federation.
N.M. Belyaeva was born in Leningrad, studied at the first Leningrad Medical Institute. acad. I.P. Pavlova, after graduation clinical residency was left at the Department of Infectious Diseases as an assistant to the department. Natalia Mikhailovna is a student of Academicians of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences Evgenia Petrovna Shuvalova and Anatoly Aleksandrovich Smorodintsev. Since 1969 N.M. Belyaeva worked at the Research Institute of Influenza of the Ministry of Health of the USSR, heading the clinical department where antiviral drugs amantadine, rimantadine, and anti-influenza gammaglobulin were tested.
In 1973 N.M. Belyaeva passed through the competition for the position of associate professor at the Leningrad state institute improvement of doctors, and from 1980 to the present he has been working at the Department of Infectious Diseases of the Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, first as an associate professor, then as a professor, and since 2004 he has been the head of the department.
To help practical public health, N.M. Belyaeva repeatedly traveled to outbreaks of infectious diseases - typhoid fever, dysentery, yersiniosis, cholera, hepatitis E, meningococcal infection. While working on the first outbreak of HIV infection in the USSR in Elista, together with professors V.N. Nikiforov and V.S. Uchai-kin conducted an epidemiological investigation, consulted people with HIV infection, gave lectures and seminars for medical workers in Kalmykia.
Behind last years at the Department of Infectious Diseases, under the leadership of N.M. Belyaeva, new cycles of improvement were created - "Infections in pregnant women", "Sexually transmitted infections", "Viral hepatitis", "Non-invasive methods for diagnosing liver diseases". Certification cycles remain traditional for teaching staff medical universities, chief specialists of the districts with an emphasis on especially dangerous infections, neuroinfections. Visiting cycles are regularly held, at which the staff of the department acquaints regional doctors with new achievements in infectology.
The scientific interests of Natalia Mikhailovna Belyaeva are focused on the study of the pathogenesis of viral hepatitis, the search for effective methods treatment, determining the role of using elastography as a diagnostic method with the assessment of liver fibrosis against the background of antiviral therapy in patients with viral hepatitis.
Lidia Vasilievna Pogorelskaya - professor, doctor of medical sciences, academician of MANOE. At the department, Lidia Vasilievna is responsible for medical work, supervises educational process clinical residents. L.V. Pogorelskaya is a student of Acad. USSR Academy of Medical Sciences A.F. Bilibin; the topic of her doctoral thesis was devoted to typhoid fever and typhoid carriage with the study of the b-forms of the pathogen. She is the author of about 300 scientific papers, 5 Ph.D. theses were defended under her supervision. L.V. Pogorelskaya deals with the problem of persistent infections (chlamydia, erysipelas, herpes), intestinal infections, the study of the microflora of various biotopes, including the correction of intestinal dysbiosis. One of the areas of scientific interest
The use of phytotherapy in the clinic of internal diseases. L.V. Pogorelskaya developed a computer version of the herbal medicine program, she created nine formulas of new herbal remedies, has patents for inventing methods for treating infectious patients using drugs plant origin in the form of phytochitodes. Lidia Vasilievna is the author of a monograph on herbal medicine.
Vladimir Borisovich Beloborodov - Prof., Dr. med. Sciences, responsible for the department for the organization of scientific work. V.B. Beloborodov worked at the All-Russian Research Institute of Epidemiology of the Ministry of Health of the USSR in the department of life-threatening conditions, a student of Acad. USSR Academy of Medical Sciences V.I. Pokrovsky. Since 1995 Beloborodov
At the Department of Infectious Diseases of the Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, under his leadership, a doctoral and two candidate's dissertations were defended. V.B. Beloborodov deals with the problems of sepsis, bacterial meningitis, nosocomial infections, and studies the effectiveness of antibacterial and antiviral drugs. He is the author of almost 200 publications, 10 monographs, including a national guideline for intensive care and three interdisciplinary national guidelines on community-acquired and nosocomial infections.
Irina Petrovna Tryakina - Associate Professor, Ph.D. honey. sciences, head teacher of the department. Corresponding member's student AMN V.N. Nikiforov. Together with the staff of the department, on the instructions of the Ministry of Health of the USSR, Irina Petrovna participated in an outbreak of anthrax in the city of Sverdlovsk. For 10 years, I.P. Tryakina, being a researcher at the All-Union Center for Toxoplasmosis,
studied the clinic, diagnosis, treatment of toxoplasmosis, she is the author of 80 articles, teaching aids, one monograph. Leads pedagogical work, as head the educational part of the department carries out planning of the pedagogical process, lectures on many infectious problems, consults a large number of patients in the departments of the clinic and other medical institutions. Scientific interest is represented by the study of the clinical features of opportunistic infections.
Lyudmila Petrovna Ivanova - Associate Professor, Ph.D. honey. sciences, at the department is responsible for reporting documentation on scientific work, methodical work. L.P. Ivanova is a student of Academicians of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR K.V. Bunin and V.N. Nikiforov, is the author of 90 scientific papers. She took part in the elimination of outbreaks of typhoid fever, cholera, dysentery. L.P. Ivanova is a leading consultant on toxoplasmosis and brucellosis, lectures on many problems of infectology.
Tatyana Nikolaevna Kuzmenko - Associate Professor, Ph.D. honey. Sci., a student of the Belarusian School of Infectious Diseases, the author of 70 scientific papers and teaching aids. Tatyana Nikolaevna participated in the elimination of outbreaks of dysentery, salmonellosis, meningococcal infection, yersiniosis, diphtheria, tick-borne encephalitis. Kuzmenko conducts a large medical and advisory work on the basis of the department in the GKB. S.P. Botkin, other medical institutions in Moscow and the region. The main scientific interests are focused on the problem of diagnosis and treatment of herpetic infections, neuroinfections, tetanus, yersiniosis. T.N. Kuzmenko is a member of the Expert Council of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation on HIV issues, lectures on topical issues infectology.
Vera Borisovna Tetova - Associate Professor, Ph.D. honey. sciences, student of prof. M.Kh. Turyanova, at the department she is responsible for professional retraining. V.B. Tetova takes part in international clinical trials of drugs for the treatment of sepsis and nosocomial infections.
In recent years, Vera Borisovna has been studying the problem of herpes infection, viral hepatitis, including an in-depth study of the problem of managing and treating patients with chronic liver diseases and combined immunosuppression, which is the main goal of her future doctoral dissertation. V.B. Tetova owns the technique of liver elastometry using the Fibroscan device, examines and consults patients with viral hepatitis, cirrhosis of the liver both in the clinic and in Moscow health care facilities.
Georgy Vitalievich Sapronov - Associate Professor, Ph.D. honey. Sciences, economic assistant of the department, student of the corresponding member. RAMS S.G. Pack. Author of 70 scientific papers, participated in the creation and editing of the "Unified Program" and tests for infectious diseases, manuals, lectures for medical cadets. Scientific interests of G.V. Sapronov focuses on the study of drug resistance in antiviral
therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis, the effect of antiviral therapy on the development of fibrosis, the identification of the features of the course of hepatitis depending on genetic factors, which formed the basis of the work for the degree of Doctor of Medical Sciences. Georgy Vitalievich takes part in international clinical trials of drugs, owns the elastometry technique with the Fibroscan apparatus, and is engaged in advisory work.
Our part-time workers: Vladimir Vladimirovich Nikiforov, professor, doctor of medical sciences, chief freelance infectious disease specialist of the Ministry of Health of Russia, head of the Department of Infectious Diseases of the FGOU DPO IPK FMBA of Russia, lectures on especially dangerous infections, rabies, bioterrorism. V.V. Nikiforov inherited the talent of a clinician and organizer of his father, Corresponding Member of the Academy of Medical Sciences V.N. Nikiforov. He is an excellent specialist, takes part in many difficult epidemiological situations, outbreaks of infectious diseases.
Eduard Yurievich Chebotarev - assistant of the department, resuscitator of the intensive care unit of the clinic, worked in India. He lectures on the provision of resuscitation benefits to patients, scientific work is devoted to the study of clinical manifestations of severe forms of HFRS.
The staff of the department is represented by experienced, talented teachers, true professionals, sincerely dedicated to their work. To our great regret, our beloved leaders have left. V.N. Nikiforov, Professor M.Kh. Turyanov, wonderful teachers and doctors, associate professors A.D. Sidorova, T.F. Paltseva, O.V. Yampolskaya, Yu.S. Alyatin, N.A. Noah. We do not forget about our laboratory assistants - Lidia Dmitrievna Frolova, Polina Nikiforovna Bolonina. Eternal memory to them...
The department lives an active life, we implement new ideas, we train clinical residents, we carry out research work with graduate students, we introduce scientific achievements.
The staff of the department take an active part in international, interregional conferences devoted to the study of the problems of liver diseases, in particular in patients with immune suppression, HIV infection, antimicrobial therapy, nosocomial, respiratory infections. New learning programs for clinical residents, graduate students, interns, new test tasks for qualifying and certification exams. We are friendly, and this is the key to a healthy team; We give all our professional experience to listeners who appreciate our efforts and come back again and again, and this is the best assessment of our work.
We celebrate the eightieth anniversary of the department with hope for the future, preserving the traditions of our predecessors.
Prof. N. M. Belyaeva
Gynecologist-infectionist, specialization - infectious urogenital pathology. Work experience as a gynecologist since 1980. Specializes in urogenital diseases of an infectious nature, endocrinology in obstetrics and gynecology, owns the method of ultrasound diagnostics in gynecology.
Pediatrician, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Hospital Pediatrics, Russian National Research Medical University named after Pirogov. Pediatric infectious disease specialist since 1997. Deals with problems of kidney damage in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Owns methods of treating the pathology of infants, problems of frequently ill children, including herpesvirus and other infections
Gynecologist, specialization - infectious urogenital pathology. Work experience as a gynecologist since 1983. She pays great attention to patients suffering from infertility and other pathological conditions that have developed as a result of an existing or past infectious disease.
Gastroenterologist. In 2009 Graduated with honors from the Izhevsk State Medical Academy. In 2010 Received a Certificate in Therapy at the end of her internship. In 2012 She completed her residency in internal medicine at the IPK FMBA of Russia in the city of Moscow.
Children's doctor of ultrasound diagnostics. 04/23/1961 year of birth - pediatric ultrasound diagnostician. Work experience since 1985. He graduated from the 2nd MOLGMI named after N.I. Pirogov in 1984, underwent an internship at the 4th Children's Infectious Diseases Hospital. Since 1985 until 1987 he worked in the 6th children's clinic.
1932 - organization of the Department of Infectious Diseases TsOLIUV, clinical base - City Clinical Hospital. S.P. Botkin.
Professor Mikhail Petrovich Kireev - the first head of the department (1932-1943), he published classical works on typhus, drug disease, scarlet fever, diphtheria, the phenomenon of chronic carriage of pathogens, created methods of immunotherapy (antitoxic serum) and prevention (combined scarlet fever vaccine), justified organization of treatment of infectious patients (isolation of patients, construction of boxed departments). The first Guide to Infectious Diseases for Ambulatory Physicians was published.
Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR Georgy Pavlovich Rudnev headed the department from 1944 to 1970. He studied bacteriological and hematological aspects of brucellosis, plague, anthrax, tularemia. The author of the classic monograph "Clinic of the Plague", which was awarded a government prize. Under the leadership of G.P. Rudnev, more than 60 doctoral and master's theses were defended; his students headed most of the departments of universities, and also became heads of large departments of research institutes and health care facilities, the work “Guide to Infectious Diseases” by G.P. Rudnev was a reference book for infectious disease doctors of different generations.
Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences Vladimir Nikolayevich Nikiforov headed the department from 1970 to 1990. He devoted his scientific and practical activities to an in-depth study of diphtheria, typhus and typhoid fever, cholera, anthrax, plague, botulism, toxoplasmosis, HIV infection. Under the direction of V.N. Nikiforov on the basis of the Clinical Hospital. S.P. Botkin, scientific and practical centers for botulism and toxoplasmosis were created. The monograph of Vladimir Nikolaevich "Botulism", being the result of studying the pathogenesis, clinic, new approaches to treatment, remains relevant at the present time. The study of the pathogenetic aspects of infectious-toxic shock in typhoid fever made it possible to reduce mortality from the disease during an epidemic in a number of regions of the USSR. For the first time in the country, together with Professor N.M. Belyaeva (1989), a plan and program for a cycle of improvement of doctors on the problem of HIV infection were developed, and to this day, cycles of improvement on the problems of HIV and opportunistic infections are regularly conducted. VN Nikiforov traveled 27 times to various countries of the world to assist health authorities, including Mongolia, Kenya, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Vietnam, which was a manifestation of personal courage and strength of character.
Professor Mels Habibovich Turyanov headed the department from 1990 to 2004. One of the first in the country to systematize the results of studies of the clinical and pathogenetic role of prostaglandins in intestinal infections, developed contemporary issues diphtheria (new classification of diphtheria, rationale for intravenous administration of antidiphtheria serum). The results of scientific research were included in the monograph "Diphtheria" (1996). In 1994 M.Kh. Turyanov, as the chief infectious disease specialist of the USSR Ministry of Health, eliminated a major outbreak of cholera in Dagestan. At the department, thanks to his initiative, new training cycles were prepared: “Viral hepatitis and HIV”, “Outpatient care for infectious patients”, “Phytotherapy for infectious patients”, “Homeopathy for infections”. Under the leadership of Mels Habibovich, a monograph "HIV infection and AIDS - opportunistic diseases" was published. The Unified Program for Infectious Diseases has been revised, new attestation and certification tests, and standards for infectious diseases have been created.
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Infectious department No. 34
One of the structural divisions of the City Clinical Hospital named after S.P. Botkin is the infectious department of viral hepatitis No. 34, which is located in building No. 7 on the third floor. The activities of the department are carried out on the basis of permits issued by the Moscow Government and the Department of Health. The location of this unit in the GKB im. S.P. Botkin guarantees the epidemiological safety of patients examined and treated for acute or chronic viral hepatitis. In total, there are 50 beds for patients admitted with nosologies:
- liver damage caused by viruses of type A, B, C, D, G in acute form;
- chronic forms of hepatitis;
- cirrhosis as a complication of chronic hepatitis;
- patients for examination for jaundice of unknown origin;
- alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver.
The main practical and research vectors of the work of the infectious diseases department of the Botkin hospital:
- apply modern diagnostic methods for the most rapid and high-quality identification of the nosological form of viral hepatitis;
- development and implementation of the most appropriate tactics for managing hepatitis patients in a hospital setting;
- maximum precise definition the degree of damage to the hepatic parenchyma;
- regular work on approbation of the latest antiviral agents, evaluation of the effectiveness of their use in patients with various forms viral hepatitis.
Methods of diagnostics and therapy used in daily work departments are in full compliance with all international standards recommended by WHO and the Ministry of Health and social development RF.
Diagnostics is carried out in the following areas:
- external examination of the infectious disease specialist and assessment of the patient's condition;
- clinical and laboratory tests of blood, feces, urine, etc.;
- instrumental methods - X-ray, radioisotope diagnostics, endoscopy, ultrasound examination, liver elastography, MRI and CT, pancreatocholangiography and other methods that allow in combination to get the most clear idea of nosology and select the right treatment.
A big plus of the infectious diseases department is its location on the territory of a multidisciplinary hospital, in addition, the Department of Infectious Diseases of the Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education is based here, the head of which is Professor, Doctor of Science Belyaeva N.M. regularly consults patients and supervises scientific works graduate students. Associate Professor Tetova V.B. works at this base. and Ph.D. Sapronov G.V., as well as residents and graduate students.
Patients, if necessary, receive consultations from leading specialists of the clinical diagnostic center in cardiology, hematology, ENT, surgical, therapeutic and other areas. The medical staff of infectious disease specialists is staff with extensive practical experience, who owns all modern diagnostic and therapeutic methods for acute and chronic liver damage of various origins, including the use of the latest antiviral agents.
Infectious Diseases Department No. 36 of the Botkin Hospital
Department of Infectious Diseases No. 36 can accommodate 50 patients in two, three or four-bed rooms. Most of the available 15 rooms are equipped with a central oxygen supply system, there is a separate toilet and shower. All chambers are divided depending on the incoming contingent into "diagnostic" and "intestinal". The second category is for intestinal infections, so here each patient has a personal pot, after a person is discharged, they are thoroughly disinfected.
The department deals with the following nosologies:
In daily practice, departments use both traditional and latest methods clinical, laboratory and special diagnostics of infections of various origins - PCR, IF, CT, MRI, ultrasound, EFGDS, RRS, and so on.
The average bed turnover in a hospital is from 3 to 20 days, depending on the diagnosis and the severity of the infection. If necessary, the patients of the department receive consultations from the staff of the departments of the Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education and doctors - specialists of other profiles from the Clinical and Diagnostic Center of the Botkin City Clinical Hospital.
Characteristics of the 36th infectious diseases department
The infectious disease department is located on the second floor of the seventh building of the Botkin hospital. Patients are accommodated in twos, threes or fours in a ward, each with a toilet, a shower, and oxygen can be automatically supplied. All chambers (there are 15 of them in total) are divided into "diagnostic" and "intestinal", i.e. infectious.
The 36th infectious department is structural unit multidisciplinary hospital, so patients can, if necessary, consult with doctors of various profiles - cardiologists, ENT, surgeons, therapists. Heads of two departments of RMAPE (infectious and tropical diseases) prof. Belyaeva G.P. and Assoc. Konstantinova T.N., as well as their employees, regularly provide advisory assistance to patients of the department, including patients with comorbidities (strokes, heart attacks, injuries, hematological diseases, etc.).
In addition to the aforementioned departments of RMAPO, the Moscow Toxoplasmosis Center is based in the department.