What does a service officer do? On guard of state secrets. Urgent service in SGT

Tasks and functions

department of protection of state secrets and mobilization training

Tasks of the department for the protection of state secrets and mobilization training:

1. Ensuring the secrecy regime established in the Office and conducting secret office work in accordance with the Instructions for Ensuring the Secrecy Regime in the Russian Federation, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 3-1 dated 01.01.2001 (hereinafter - Instruction No. 3-1).

2. Organization of activities for mobilization preparation and mobilization and control over their implementation in the structural divisions of the Office.

3. Organization of measures for civil defense, protection of state civil servants and personnel for the protection and maintenance of buildings of the Office (hereinafter referred to as employees) from emergencies natural and technogenic nature in the Department and structural divisions of the Department.

4. Fulfillment of the tasks assigned to the Department in the field of mobilization training and mobilization, civil defense and protection of employees from natural and man-made emergencies. Organization of secret mobilization and non-secret office work.

Functions of the department for the protection of state secrets and mobilization training:

1. Planning, development and implementation of measures to ensure the regime of secrecy in the Office during the conduct of secret work in accordance with Instruction No. 3-1;

2. Taking measures to identify and close possible channels for the leakage of information constituting a state secret, and to prevent the disclosure of this information in the course of all types of secret work;

3. Organization and maintenance of secret records management in the Office, control over compliance with the established procedure for working with classified documents.

4. Coordination of the activities of structural subdivisions of the Office for the Protection of State Secrets and control over the implementation of the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of protection of state secrets;

5. Keeping records of violations of the secrecy regime in the office of the Office and structural subdivisions of the Office;

6. Participation in internal audits in case of loss or theft of carriers of information constituting a state secret, other violations of the secrecy regime, as well as in cases of disclosure of information constituting a state secret;

7. Registration of admissions to state secrets for employees of the Department, heads of structural divisions, heads of self-regulatory organizations of arbitration managers, control of the validity of admissions;

8. Keeping records of the awareness of the employees of the Department of information constituting a state secret, instructing employees who are aware of the information constituting a state secret when they are sent abroad;

9. Instructing employees of the Department admitted to state secrets, monitoring their knowledge of the requirements of regulatory documents on the regime of secrecy;

27. Formation of established reporting on the subject of the department's activities.

28. Coordination and control over the activities of the territorial departments of the Department on the activities of the Department.

29. Participation in inspections of structural divisions of the Department and subordinate institutions.

NOVEMBER 13 S.G. THE SERVICE FOR THE PROTECTION OF STATE SECRETS OF THE ARMED FORCES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION turns 90 years old. Lieutenant General Yevgeny MARUSIN, who since 2007 has been heading this important link in the command and control system, tells about little-known pages in the history of this special service.

- Comrade lieutenant general! Due to the specifics of the tasks assigned to the Service you lead, not only its activities, but also its history is practically unknown to the military, and even more so to the civilian readership of our magazine. Open, please, some pages of the annals of governance.

– Over nine decades, many interesting and instructive, tragic and heroic events have taken place in the life of our special service.

The official date of its creation is November 13, 1918, when, during the reorganization of the All-Russian General Staff, by order No. 217 of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic (RVSR), a General and Special Department with a staff of 14 employees was formed.

This day is celebrated as the date of the creation of a special service in the Armed Forces of our state.

At the same time, a special unit was formed as part of the RVSR Field Headquarters. Then special bodies were created in the Main Artillery Directorate, the Central Directorate of Military Communications, the Communications Directorate, the Supply Directorate and a number of other directorates.

By 1920, the creation of full-time special agencies at the headquarters of the fronts, military districts, armies and divisions was basically completed, which in fact meant the creation in the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army (RKKA) of the foundations of a system of covert command and control of troops (forces).

It should be especially noted that during this period the first Soviet military special documents were developed and began to be applied, experience was accumulated in organizing and implementing covert communications, the first guiding documents for the special service were created, and a cadre of specialists grew in practical work. In other words, the foundations were laid for the service of protecting state secrets in the Red Army and Navy.

Subsequently, the optimization of the structure, composition and number of the Central Cipher Department, which since 1926 was transformed into the 2nd Department of the Administration of the People's Commissariat for Military and Naval Affairs (NKVMD), took place. In September 1930, this department was transformed into the 7th Department of the Red Army Headquarters, and on October 13, 1930 - into the 8th Department of the Red Army Headquarters, which became the central encryption body of the Red Army.

His work was mainly carried out in the following areas:

study of the theoretical and practical heritage of the past in cryptography;
improvement of published covert communication documents;
development and implementation of unified guiding documents;
selection and training of personnel;
improvement of the organizational structure;
introduction of means of mechanization of special communications;
summarizing the experience of special agencies in combat conditions.

- Where and how were specialists prepared then?

- As you know, the young Red Army did not have such specialists. At first, their training was carried out at the workplace in the course of practical work. On November 15, 1929, in Moscow, under the 2nd department of the NKVMD Administration, special advanced training courses began to function for middle and senior commanding staff with a staff of 70 students in the combined arms department. and marine - 25 people. The courses were formed in an abbreviated version without the administrative apparatus and command and teaching staff and were seconded to the Military Academy named after M.V. Frunze.

This date became the date of formation of the current main military educational institution for the training of specialists of the state secret protection service - the Krasnodar Higher Military School (Military Institute) named after General of the Army S.M. Shtemenko.

Graduates of the courses took an active part in the hostilities near the lake. Hasan, r. Khalkhin Gol, in the war with Finland, in Spain and China.

To the beginning of the Great Patriotic War courses prepared and sent to the troops about 2000 officers. It was they who led most of the special agencies of the headquarters of the fronts, districts, armies and divisions by the beginning of the war, and also ensured the mobilization deployment of special agencies.

– What else was interesting in the 1930s?

- First of all, the order of the People's Commissar of Defense (NPO) dated July 19, 1939, by which the 8th department General Staff The Red Army was renamed the Special Service Department and included as an independent structural unit part operational management General Staff of the Red Army.

The management of special agencies from the General Staff to the corps was entrusted to the corresponding operational departments and departments, and in divisions equal to them and lower, the special agencies remained directly subordinate to the chiefs of staff.

It should also be noted that in the prewar years, the tasks and functions of the service were expanded and specified. Special agencies were entrusted with the task of directing and monitoring the state of work of special sectors (office work). In September 1937, the functions of organizing covert command and control of troops (forces) were finally returned to the special agencies.

- So, we leafed through the annals of management before the start of the Great Patriotic War. How prepared were the special agencies for such a severe test?

- In general, the structure, composition and number of special agencies, the organization of their work in the pre-war period corresponded to the tasks and requirements for the command and control system of troops (forces).

At the same time, already the first days of the war showed that with the pre-war strength they could not cope with the work. Therefore, by order of the People's Commissar of Defense of August 18, 1941, the Directorate of the Special Service of the General Staff of the Red Army was created with a total number of 197 military personnel and 50 employees.

By order of the NPO dated October 7, 1941, this Directorate was transformed into the 8th Directorate, and all special agencies were renamed into independent numbered departments (departments): at the headquarters of the fronts and armies - into the 8th departments, at the headquarters of corps (divisions) - into 6th departments (departments), with direct subordination to the chiefs of the respective headquarters.

During the war organizational structure, the composition and number of special agencies have repeatedly undergone changes due to the increased importance of the service and the role of special agencies in the overall system of command and control of troops (forces), changes in tasks and an increase in the volume of work carried out.

During the war, there was a very large increase in the number personnel. During the war years, 5,530 special agencies were formed and reorganized, and 15,634 specialists were sent to staff them. Combat losses during the Great Patriotic War amounted to 2163 people.

What was the main task of special agencies during the war years?

In short, providing command of all levels with special communications.

In the first months of the war, the flow of information was several times greater than the physical capabilities of the personnel of special agencies. Officers worked hard for days, leaving only for meals, resting for two to three hours a day.

Great difficulties arose in the implementation of special communication with the headquarters of formations and units that were surrounded, as well as in the conduct of continuous battles.

But in any conditions of a combat situation, special agencies sought to ensure the command of uninterrupted special communications, using various methods of accelerated information processing.

It should be especially noted that the personnel of the service during the war showed exceptional courage and high skill, working in incredibly difficult and difficult conditions under bombing and artillery and mortar fire, in dugouts and dugouts.

Our prominent generals and military leaders highly appreciated the work of special agencies during the Great Patriotic War.

What tasks were solved by special agencies in the post-war period?

First of all, mastering and summarizing the experience of organizing and implementing special communications in combat conditions and introducing it into the practice of special agencies and special training of personnel.

This work was carried out in the following main areas:

preparation and publication of generalized materials, collections, abstracts outlining the experience of special agencies in combat conditions;
the introduction of experience during the war into combat and special training of personnel;
development of new guidelines for special work, taking into account the experience of the war, etc.

It should be noted that this experience made it possible for many years to determine the main directions for the development of the service, which is the most important link in the system of command and control of troops (forces), without which covert control and keeping secret information transmitted is unthinkable.

Therefore, the main task of the activities of special agencies in peace postwar period was to constantly maintain them in high degree combat readiness.

- And what is the main thing in your work today, Evgeny Nikolaevich?

- First of all, keep up with the times, clarify the tasks and functions of the Service in accordance with ongoing and planned measures to improve the structure, composition and strength of the Armed Forces, in close connection with changes in the socio-economic situation in the country, the processes of democratization and openness of society.

In general, our Directorate, as before, solves special tasks to provide the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation with the necessary information to carry out the current tasks of command and control of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

Among our main tasks:

organization of measures to maintain secrecy in military command and control bodies, formations, military units and organizations of the Armed Forces;
organization of covert command and control of troops and weapons;
organization of information protection from unauthorized access;
ensuring information security of the Russian Ministry of Defense in the field of mass media;
organization of the work of systems for certification of means of protecting information of the Ministry of Defense according to the established requirements for information security and licensing of the activities of military command and control bodies, formations, military units and organizations for admission to work related to the use of information constituting a state secret;
coordination of the activities of the military command and control bodies of the Armed Forces related to the protection of information constituting a state secret.

The ultimate goal of this work is the establishment and observance in the Armed Forces of such a procedure that would exclude the transfer of information constituting state secrets and other information recognized by military command and control bodies as not subject to disclosure.

– What technical means are used by the specialists of the Service in the performance of the listed tasks?

- At present, several dozen types of modern special equipment, auxiliary equipment and special equipment rooms are supplied to the bodies of the State Secret Protection Service of the Armed Forces.

With the direct participation of specialists from the Directorate of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, work continues on the creation of new promising models of special communications equipment.

– In conclusion, Evgeny Nikolaevich, what would you like to convey through our magazine to your colleagues, veterans of the Service in connection with its 90th anniversary?

- First of all, I want to note that the employees of special bodies were and are now a model of vigilance, devotion to duty, they show an example of selfless service to our Fatherland. Among them there are many who honorably fulfilled their duty in "hot spots", participated in the aftermath of the disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, in the course of counter-terrorist operations in the North Caucasus, the operation to force Georgia to peace in August this year. I wish all the personnel of the Service, respected veterans, good health, optimism, faith in the future and family well-being!

photo from the archive of the Directorate of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

MARUSIN Evgeny Nikolaevich was born on October 21, 1954 in the village of Melikhovskoye, Rostov region. In 1972-1973. passed military service on conscription in the Turkestan military district.
In 1977 he graduated from the Tashkent Higher Combined Arms Command School and served in the Group Soviet troops in Germany, commander of a reconnaissance platoon, reconnaissance company of a regiment, head of reconnaissance of a regiment. After graduating in 1986 from the Military Academy named after M.V. Frunze served in command and staff positions in a motorized rifle division, the headquarters of the Transcaucasian Military District and the Group Russian troops in the Caucasus.
After graduating from the Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in 1997, he held responsible positions at the headquarters of the North Caucasus Military District. Since December 2001, the head of intelligence - deputy chief of the Main Staff of the Ground Forces.
By Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 29, 2007, he was appointed Head of the Directorate of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Candidate of Technical Sciences. Awarded with orders"For Service to the Motherland in the Armed Forces of the USSR" 3rd degree, "For Personal Courage", Courage, "For Military Merit" and ten medals.

Then special bodies were created in the Main Artillery Directorate, the Central Directorate of Military Communications, the Communications Directorate, the Supply Directorate and a number of other directorates.

Service in the HRT

I express my confidence that in the future the specialists of the regime-special bodies will continue to high level ensure the protection of state secrets in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. I wish you success in solving difficult state tasks, good health and personal well-being.

First Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation, Colonel-General A. KOLMAKOV. Dear friends! I sincerely and cordially congratulate the personnel and veterans of the Service for the Protection of State Secrets of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation on the 90th anniversary of its formation! Over the years of his glorious history The service has gone through a difficult path of development along with the development of our Armed Forces and currently occupies a worthy place in the command and control system of troops.

Attention

From the moment of its inception and throughout its history, special bodies have stood guard over state interests and have been a reliable guarantor of the preservation of state and military secrets. The Service has accumulated a wealth of experience in organizing and ensuring covert command and control and protection of state secrets in the Armed Forces.

Important

However, its main wealth is people. The specifics of the activities of special agencies impose special requirements on those who work in them and do military service. Solving the complex and important tasks facing the Service, the personnel have written many glorious pages in the combat annals of our Armed Forces, while demonstrating courage, dedication, high professionalism and loyalty to military duty.

Service in HRT under contract

The number of persons admitted to information constituting a state secret in military units (organizations) should be as limited as possible. On the basis of written decisions of higher-ranking commanders of military units, the nomenclature of positions (form N 3) determines positions, upon appointment to which persons are issued access to state secrets in a form higher than the admission to state secrets of the commander of the military unit in which the person performs military service (works). The decision on the admission of such persons to state secrets in the card (form N 1) is made by the commander of a higher military unit.

21. When drawing up the nomenclature of positions (form N 3), the following must be taken into account:

If an item in the List of information of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation subject to classification provides for different degrees of secrecy, a paragraph (column) of this item is additionally indicated, for example: “work with information that discloses. (paragraph 1, paragraph 1 (column 6) - top secret" or "accounting, storage. carriers of information that discloses. (paragraph 1, paragraph 1 (column 8) - secret");

h) in additions to the nomenclature of positions, serial numbers are indicated in ascending sequence, starting from one, regardless of structural units.

Urgent service in SGT

At the same time, on the first sheet of the card (form N 1) an appropriate warning is made, for example: “Attention! Sheet No. 2 has been drawn up, ”and in the Note column of the accounting journal (form No. 9) the number of sheets in the card (form No. 1) is indicated.

On a new sheet of the card (form N 1), positions 1 and 2 must be filled in, a photograph is pasted, certifying records are affixed, including the seal of the military unit (organization), as well as the account number of the card (form N 1) and sheet number, for example: "N M-15, sheet N 2". The remaining columns are filled in only if there is no space on the first (previous) sheet of the card (form N 1). The military unit (organization) that has issued access to state secrets to persons registered with the military sends notifications to the relevant military commissariats, at their request, about the form of access to state secrets, its number, the end date of the verification activities, the name of the security body that conducted the verification activities , as well as information about the facts of re-registration or termination of access to state secrets.

HRT decryption service

Armed Forces related to the protection of information constituting a state secret.

– What technical means are used by the specialists of the Service in the performance of the listed tasks?

- At present, several dozen types of modern special equipment, auxiliary equipment and special equipment rooms are supplied to the bodies of the State Secret Protection Service of the Armed Forces.

– In conclusion, Evgeny Nikolaevich, what would you like to convey through our magazine to your colleagues, veterans of the Service in connection with its 90th anniversary?

- First of all, I want to note that the employees of special bodies were and are now a model of vigilance, devotion to duty, they show an example of selfless service to our Fatherland.

Among them there are many who honorably fulfilled their duty in "hot spots", participated in the aftermath of the disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, in the course of counter-terrorist operations in the North Caucasus, the operation to force Georgia to peace in August this year.

Service ZGT Sun RF

This list included information relating to the country's economy and military nature. Five years later, the list was expanded with the section "Information of a different kind". In particular, the following information was classified as state secret of a military nature:

on the deployment of troops;
about the supply of the army;
on the provision of military units;
about plans for mobilization;
on the state of the military industry;
about any inventions for military defense;
about new equipment for the army;
on the results of agreements with foreign states regarding the development and supply of the army, exercises, etc.;
about ways to combat counter-revolution and flourishing espionage.

This edition of the list of secret information became the most accurate and objectively suited for the next few decades, not needing even the slightest change.

Interesting! Many points have been preserved to this day, i.e. a century later, part of the list remains relevant.

During the Soviet era, the following changes were made after the war in 1947. But in terms of the army, nothing has changed, only a fourth section has been added, regarding export / import, mining of precious metals, geo-reserves.

HRT service vacancies

A significant change could also be called the addition of a clause giving the government the authority to recognize certain information as secret by its separate decisions.

How HRT is currently regulated

The concept of state secrets exists in modern Russia, its protection is regulated by the Constitution of the country (Article 29) and two Federal Laws (on state secrets and on security).

It should be noted right away that HRT does not contradict the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Freedoms, and every citizen really has the right to receive and disseminate information without restrictions and obstacles from the authorities and regardless of the borders of the state. But in paragraph 4 of Article 29 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation it is noted that information classified by federal law as “secret” is not subject to dissemination.

AT this moment in this law, in the list of secret information subject to legal protection, there are only 26 positions. Separately, the criteria for the degree of secrecy are described, thus the data is allocated under the headings:

"secret";
"top secret";
"of special importance".

The types of information that are not state secrets are also separated, in particular, they relate to the facts of human rights violations, emergency situations, and health status.

Features of the HRT procedure for persons in military service

Access to information recognized as a state secret is not automatically opened for a particular position, everything is done exclusively voluntarily, because.

Ownership of data leads to a number of limitations.

Service ZGT Krasnodar

In the first months of the war, the flow of information was several times greater than the physical capabilities of the personnel of special agencies. Great difficulties arose in the implementation of special communication with the headquarters of formations and units that were surrounded, as well as in the conduct of continuous battles.
In any combat situation, the special agencies sought to ensure the command of uninterrupted special communications, using various methods of accelerated information processing. During the war, the personnel of the service showed exceptional courage and high skill, working in incredibly difficult and difficult conditions under bombing and artillery and mortar fire, in dugouts and dugouts.

- For example?- The children are proud of their father, who is an officer in the Armed Forces.

They simply shared their joy on the Internet, and information about what position and where the father serves, what he does or where he is seconded, not only left, but became available to the special services. And there are many such examples. In such a situation, we are forced to actively work with dishonest respondents.

And today it can already be stated that we have managed to ensure that information of a classified nature is practically no longer placed in the Russian segment of the global network. OUR REFERENCE.

HRT service wikipedia

I would like to believe that it was unsuccessful. - Of course. In addition, intelligence agencies are trying to get information that is also available in open media, such as the Internet. For example, a seemingly harmless, at first glance, page on which Russian Internet users are trying to find classmates sometimes becomes a cause of serious concern. If you carefully analyze it, it turns out that the site contains information that, with all the desire, cannot be classified as “open” information about the Ministry of Defense and other law enforcement agencies of the country. OUR REFERENCE. On August 18, 1941, the Directorate of the Cryptographic Service of the General Staff of the Red Army was created with a total number of 197 military personnel and 50 employees. During the Great Patriotic War, the Eighth Directorate and the 8 departments of the headquarters of the fronts and districts carried out constant painstaking work on the selection, registration of permits, and the appointment of personnel of special agencies.
The movement of personnel was great.

In the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation it is planned to annually celebrate the Day of Service for the Protection of State Secrets

In total, during the war years, 5,530 special agencies were formed and reorganized, and 15,634 specialists were sent to staff them. The total losses during the war amounted to 6,734 people, of which 2,163 were combat losses. The most important task, which occupied the main place in the activities of special agencies during the war, was to provide command at all levels with special communications.

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They woke him up, he already understood that he had intervened specifically, the phone was taken away, they were threatened with a severe reprimand, forced to give the password and the phone immediately went to the HRT service to check classified information, photos and correspondence. There were no photographs, and from correspondence only with friends with insignificant stories about the army, but in the morning the company commander still arranged for him to take chemical attack classes with elements of cleaning and physical training.

Thank you for visiting my blog, if you liked it - like, subscribe, comment and ask questions.

And for those who will soon need to go to military service, I can only advise one thing, don’t worry, you need to experience the service with humor, it’s easier that way.

HRT service history

the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation and judges who were previously allowed access to information constituting a state secret without carrying out the verification measures provided for in Article 21 of the Law of the Russian Federation “On State Secrets”; f) recruitment for military service (work) of a person who has a special mark of a security agency in his card (form N 1) in position 7; g) recruitment for military service (work) of a person who is in the reserve, if more than 6 months have passed since the date of the decision by the military commissar on his admission to state secrets; h) the call of a person who is in the reserve, whose card (form N 1) is kept at the military commissariat, for scheduled military training in military positions, the replacement of which involves working with information constituting a state secret, if from the date the military commissar makes a decision on his admission to state secrets has passed more than 6 months; i) admission to military service (work) of a person who has a note on the card (form N 1) in position 10 about violations of the secrecy regime and (or) the presence of grounds for refusing access to state secrets.

In the event of circumstances that, in accordance with subparagraphs "a" - "i" of this paragraph, are the basis for reissuing a person's access to state secrets, the commander of the military unit makes a decision on the possibility or impossibility further work persons with information constituting a state secret.

The Red Army, which became the central encryption body of the Red Army.

His work was mainly carried out in the following areas:

study of the theoretical and practical heritage of the past in cryptography;
improvement of published covert communication documents;
development and implementation of unified guiding documents;
selection and training of personnel;
improvement of the organizational structure;
introduction of means of mechanization of special communications;
summarizing the experience of special agencies in combat conditions.

- Where and how were specialists prepared then?

- As you know, the young Red Army did not have such specialists. At first, their training was carried out at the workplace in the course of practical work.

On November 15, 1929, in Moscow, under the 2nd department of the NKVMD Administration, special advanced training courses began to function for middle and senior commanding staff with a staff of 70 students in the combined arms department. and marine - 25 people. The courses were formed in an abbreviated version without the administrative apparatus and command and teaching staff and were seconded to the Military Academy named after M.V.

This date became the date of formation of the current main military educational institution for the training of specialists in the state secret protection service - the Krasnodar Higher Military School (Military Institute) named after General of the Army S.M.

Certificates of admission (forms N 6 - 8) are filed with certificates of admission to state secrets at the new place of military service (service, work) of the person. HRT services, on the basis of instructions from the commanders of military units, issue certificates to persons departing for a new place of military service (work) in the appropriate form (forms N 6 - 8) and do this in column 7 of the register for issuing certificates of admission (form N 13) mark "Represented in the military unit _____ (organization)".

If the card (form N 1), sent to the new place of military service (work) of the person in the military unit (organization), has not been received within 6 months, the commander of the military unit notifies (in writing) about this the higher service of the ZGT and the military unit (organization ), who sent the card (form N 1). The commander of the military unit that received the notification organizes an official investigation into this fact, a copy of which is sent to the address of the military unit (organization) that applied on this issue.

If the location of the card (form N 1) was not established by the official proceedings, then a new admission to state secrets is issued to the person in accordance with the established procedure, which is informed by the higher HTS service and the security authority. At the same time, the letter provided for by subparagraph "a" of paragraph 35 of these Instructions additionally indicates the reasons for obtaining access to state secrets and the results of the official proceedings.

The Directorate of the cipher service of the General Staff was transformed into the Eighth Directorate of the General Staff, which is still called that way.

During the war years, 5530 special agencies were formed and reorganized, 15634 specialists were sent to staff them, the combat losses of which during the Great Patriotic War amounted to 2163 people.

There are many examples of selfless actions of cryptographers in combat conditions. In addition to the ability to work and strictly keep the secret of encrypted correspondence, they had a huge responsibility for the quality of work.

Cryptographers were required to have the utmost attention and high accuracy; they had no right to make a mistake in the text of cipher telegrams. In the conditions of the death of a ship or the encirclement of parts, the cipher workers first of all took care of saving documents, and only then about their own safety. This is evidenced by numerous facts and memories.

Here is just one example. On Sunday, July 20, 1941, the Northern Fleet suffered the heaviest damage in the entire war from enemy aircraft.

On that day, the newest destroyer Strimitelny was anchored in Ekaterininskaya Harbor near Cape Sizy. It was attacked by 11 enemy Ju-88 bombers. As a result of a direct hit by three bombs, the destroyer broke in half.

Within two or three minutes the waist and ute sank. The bow of the destroyer stayed afloat for about twenty minutes. In this situation, the surviving commander of the special coded communications department N.

Service in HRT after military service

Upon termination in the military unit (organization) where a duplicate of the card (form N 1) is stored, access to state secrets in the cases provided for in subparagraphs "b" and "c" of paragraph 14 of this Instruction, to the military unit (organization) where the card is stored (form N 1), a notification is sent (sample sample N 4) with a duplicate card attached (form N 1), in position 10 of which a corresponding mark is made. A copy of the notification (sample sample N 4), sent in accordance with paragraph 49 of this Instruction, is additionally sent to the security authority at the location of the military unit (organization) where the card is stored (form N 1).

Upon termination in the military unit (organization) where the card (form N 1) is stored, access to state secrets in the cases provided for in subparagraphs "b" and "c" of paragraph 14 of this Instruction, to the military unit (organization) where a duplicate of the card is stored (form N 1), a notification is sent (sample sample N 4) with a card attached (form N 1), in position 10 of which a corresponding mark is made. A copy of the notification (sample sample No. 4) sent in accordance with paragraph 49 of this Instruction is additionally sent to the security authority at the location of the military unit (organization) where a duplicate card is stored (form No. 1).

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When writing important state or military orders, from ancient times they resorted to encrypting the text in Old Russian cryptography - a gibberish letter, then the document was packed in a canvas case, which was sealed with a wax seal and sent to the addressee with a trusted messenger.

With the formation of Russian centralized state at the end of the 15th century. the apparatus of state administration was formed with its highest, central and local bodies state power and management. Methods for protecting state secrets were constantly becoming more complicated through the use of various alphabets, complex digital cryptography, reverse writing, and other methods.

The first of those that have survived to this day and are stored in the Russian state archive ancient acts of domestic ciphers is put into effect on August 18, 1633.

in the Embassy order, the cipher of Patriarch Filaret. This documented fact testifies to the introduction of the domestic cipher at the state level in the Russian Foreign Office.

Later, under Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, cryptography became more widespread, for example, the “secret” (two-fold) cryptography of the princes Boryatinsky of 1675 is known.

Peter I demanded the use of ciphers in large quantities and personally engaged in the encryption of dispatches.

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Also, in the phones of sergeants or platoon commanders, in the rare case of conscripts, some special people keep class schedules, which of course is prohibited. It is forbidden to use phones on the androyd system, even for colonels on the territory of the unit, everyone, upon arrival at the unit, must be handed over to specially designated boxes and have a card for returning the phone, which indicates the model, sim. card and even the serial number of the phone.

A funny fact is that in the order that came specifically to us in the part about ios, it was not said. Such a law came into force during my service in 2018 on the first of March, which even indicated which phone models are allowed on the territory of military units, namely: Nokia 105, Nokia 1280, Nokia 3310 (2000 model), Samsung GT- E1080,Samsung GT-E1100T,Samsung GT-E1200,Samsung GT-E1272,Beeline A 105,Alcatel OT-1009X,Alcatel OT-1016D,Alcatel One Touch 208,Philips

But apparently the year of the groundhog continues in the army, and again in March of this year another law on mobile phones came out -

Features of training for the protection of state secrets

DOI: 10.24411/2311-1763-2016-00034

Annotation. The report outlines the features of the training of personnel from a soldier to an officer who have protected state secrets in the army and navy over the 90 years of the existence of a special service.

Keywords: protection of state secrets (ZGT), ZGT Service, special agencies.

summary. The report outlines the features of training of the soldier to the officer who carried out the protection of state secrets in the army and in the navy for 90 years of existence of the special service.

keywords: Protection of State Secrets (PSS), PSS Service, spetsorgany.

“Each state strives to carefully keep its secrets. At the same time, the activities of public services called upon in one way or another to carry out this protection. In the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, the Service for the Protection of State Secrets, headed by the Eighth Directorate of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, deals with the protection of state secrets.

As Tatyana Soboleva rightly noted: “the history of the cryptographic service is an integral part of the history Russian state and from the middle of the 19th century aroused considerable interest among researchers. One of the first domestic scientific publications on this topic was the work of G. Popov “Diplomatic secret writing of the era of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich” (in “Notes of the Archaeological Society”, T. V. St. Petersburg, 1853). To one degree or another, this issue was addressed in their works by such prominent scientists as academicians A.I. Sobolevsky, M.N. Speransky and some others, however, as a rule, only in the paleographic aspect. The formation of the domestic cryptographic service took place over many decades and even centuries. The principles and foundations of this work, its forms and methods, techniques and methods were developed by several generations of Russian cryptographers, their work, experience, and sometimes painful search for truth. In this history, as in the history of any science, any kind of human activity, there were victories and defeats, successes and failures, great and tragic pages. All of them are our national treasure, our memory, pride and pain. And the duty of domestic historical science is to open these pages.

The work of modern Russian historians M. A. Alekseev, M. Yu.

To a lesser extent, the task of researching historical experience has been solved Soviet Russia and the post-Soviet period of development of the encryption business.

At the same time, even at the dawn of Soviet power, when the All-Russian Main Headquarters was created in May 1918, the General Department of the Military Statistics Department of the Operational Directorate was formed in its composition, which was entrusted with the development of the first documents of the covert administration. During the reorganization of the VGSh by the order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic No. 217 dated November 13, 1918, the General Department was transformed into the General and Encryption Department of the Organizational Administration of the VGSh. This day is celebrated as the date of the creation of the Encryption Service, or the ZGT Service (hereinafter referred to as special agencies. Auth.), in the Armed Forces of our state, which has ensured and continues to ensure the safety of state and official secrets and is developing instructions and rules that ensure the procedure for working with secret documents .

By 1920, the creation of full-time special agencies at the headquarters of the fronts, military districts, armies and divisions was basically completed. In the 1920s, during civil war in Russia, the Encryption Department was formed in the Field Headquarters, then the Central Encryption Department of the Red Army Headquarters and other special agencies of the Red Army, their staffs were determined up to and including brigades. Since 1924, the Central Cipher Department was called the Cipher Department under the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR, since 1926 it was transformed into the 2nd Department of the NKVMD Administration, from September 1930 - into the 7th Department of the Red Army Headquarters, and from October 13, 1930 - in the 8th department of the headquarters of the Red Army; in the districts - in the 8th departments, and on the seas and fleets - in the 10th departments.

The training of officer cadres for the special agencies of the Red Army and the RKKF in 1926 began with the publication of the order of the NKVMD at the special departments of the headquarters of the military districts, where training teams of special service one-year students were created. Also, the training of cryptographers was carried out at courses at a special department of the Cheka.

The peculiarity of this period was that the training of specialists of the Service was carried out directly in the course of practical work. To this end, already at the beginning of 1919, training teams of 3 to 10 people began to be created at some headquarters of the fronts and armies to train specialists in the protection of state secrets. Thus, a careful selection and "piece" training of specialists was carried out.

From 11/15/1929, by order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR No. 283/58, at the 2nd department of the NKVMD, special training courses are organized for officers of the middle and senior commanding staff with a staffing of 60–70 students of the combined arms department and 20–25 of the marine department. These courses were formed and seconded to the Military Academy named after M.V. Frunze in Moscow. This date is the starting point or the birthday of the Krasnodar Military School.

Initially, the duration of the course was 4 months. Training sessions at the courses began on November 15, 1929. From that day on, the school has its history. During their tenure, the courses went through a number of reorganizations and locations. In November 1930, the courses were reorganized into the Special Department of the Special Headquarters Service at the shooting and tactical improvement courses for the officers of the Red Army "Shot", and in May 1932 - into a special course "C" of the Moscow Improvement Courses commanders mechanized troops of the Red Army with a deployment in the suburbs.

At the beginning of 1934, the courses were relocated to Tambov and seconded to the Tambov Joint School of Artillery and Weapons Technicians. In 1935, they were transferred to an independent state and received the name "Tambov advanced training courses for the command personnel of the special staff service of the Red Army" with a training period of 12 months. Before the start of the Great Patriotic War, about two thousand specialists of the service were trained at the courses.

Since the beginning of the war, the flow of information, which requires efficiency and reliability, has increased many times, but at the same time, special protection was also required from unauthorized access to state and military secrets. Already on August 18, 1941, the Directorate of the Cryptographic Service of the General Staff of the Red Army was created in the General Staff. There was an urgent need for specialists. The courses switched to a six-month training.

At the same time, due to the fact that by the end of 1941 Tambov was in the front line, the courses were relocated to the village of Sengiley, Ulyanovsk Region, and in mid-1942, to Ulyanovsk. In 1943, the courses received the name "Special Courses for the Improvement of the Officers of the Red Army", and in December they were awarded the Battle Banner. At the end of 1944, the courses were relocated to a separate military camp in the village of Novobelitsa, Gomel Region.

For the entire period of the Great Patriotic War, 2,640 special service officers were trained at the courses. In total, during the war, the Eighth Directorate and eight departments of the headquarters of the fronts and districts carried out constant painstaking work on the selection and registration of personnel of special agencies. In total, during the war years, 5,530 special agencies were formed and reorganized with a total number of 15,634 specialists. The total losses during the war amounted to 6,734 people, of which 2,163 were combat casualties.

After the war, in 1948, the courses were transferred to Voronezh, and in 1949 to Rostov-on-Don.

Subsequently, until 1976, similar training teams were used to train reserve officers.

feature post-war period was the emergence of a new, more modern technology and the increase in the volume of information, as well as the increased concern of the state for the preservation of state secrets, there have been serious changes in the rearmament of special agencies, which ultimately resulted in a significant change in the approach to training specialists capable of protecting state secrets in the army and navy.

On December 29, 1949, a decision was made to create a military school for special communications, which was formed on the basis of courses in January 1950, but already with a three-year training period. In 1954, the school was transferred to Krasnodar, where in 1964 it was renamed Krasnodar military school.

The technical revolution, the volume of correspondence, new branches and types of the armed forces, the emergence of computers and new means of communication - all this together led to the need to raise the level of education of specialists in the protection of state and military secrets.

In 1969, the school was transformed into the Krasnodar Higher Military School of the Red Banner with a four-year term of study.

By order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated December 24, 2008 No. 1951-r, the school was reorganized into a branch of the Military Academy of Communications named after Marshal of the Soviet Union S.M. Budyonny, and in 2015 again to the Krasnodar Higher Military School.

In general, in the course of its development, a unique unified multi-level system for training military specialists from a soldier to an officer was created on the basis of the school.

A feature of this period of training of special personnel was the need to carry out comprehensive training of unique specialists, including:

training of officers with full military special training;
training of military personnel under secondary education programs vocational education;
training of officers in postgraduate and doctoral studies;
retraining and advanced training of officers;
professional retraining of discharged servicemen;
training of military personnel undergoing military service under the contract;
training of reserve officers and sergeants from among students educational organizations higher professional education;
training of junior specialists - servicemen undergoing military service on conscription.

Another specific feature was the fact that at a certain historical stage, specialized specialists for the Strategic Missile Forces were entrusted by the state to train other universities of the RF Armed Forces, for example, the Peter the Great Military Academy of the Strategic Missile Forces. In the Russian Federation, the academic department "Information Protection in Weapons Systems and Complexes" has made a number of graduations of officer cadres for the modern ZGT Service. Since 1990, the Academy has been training specialists in the interests of the Eighth Directorate in the specialty “Protection of space radio links” (until 1996) and “Protection of information in weapons systems and complexes. Control over the regime of secrecy ”(until 2000). Since 2000, the department has been training officers in the specialty "Information Security Management in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation" (until 2010). In 2012–2013 a 10-month training was conducted in the APE system on managing the protection of state secrets in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Since the 2013/14 academic year, a two-year training of officers of the ZGT Service with a higher operational and tactical education has been carried out.

List of references and sources

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