Most often, these requirements are guidelines in the relevant subject, issued by the university. If there are no instructions from the teacher in this regard, then it is worth focusing on a volume of 25-35 pages. At the same time, the older the course, the closer the volume of the coursework should be to the upper limit of the range (about 35 pages).
Important! Applications are numbered separately and are not included in the course volume.
The volume of structural parts of the course work
If everything is relatively clear with the overall scope of work, then what volume should each structural part have? How to skillfully distribute information into chapters in order to reveal the topic and “fit” into the given boundaries?
Title page
On the first page, the number is not put, but in the total volume term paper it turns on.
Table of contents
The second page of the coursework is the table of contents. Even though she herself research begins with an introduction, the table of contents is a full section of any scientific work, which is included in the volume and numbered.
Introduction
The introductory part of the course work is presented next required elements, the total volume of which is 1-2 pages. In this part in concise form the main essence of the study is presented. If the introduction goes beyond two pages, then it is worth revising the content of this part. Perhaps it is worth reducing the relevance, reflecting its formulation more capaciously, accurately and concisely, revising the tasks, research methods, etc.
Main part
This part is the basis of the term paper and takes about 20-25 pages. The number of chapters may vary depending on the subject, but most often the main part of the course contains 3 chapters. The allocated volume should be evenly distributed between the chapters: 6-8 pages per chapter. In the same way, these pages should be distributed among the paragraphs of each chapter: depending on their number, there are 2-4 pages per paragraph.
Conclusion
In the final part, the main conclusions and proposals for the study are formulated. This part of the work usually takes 2-3 pages.
Bibliography
The number of pages that the list of references occupies depends on the number of sources. If the teacher does not impose any special requirements on the number of sources, then it should be expected that there is one source of literature per page of the text. Thus, a list of references from 35 sources will take about 2-3 pages.
Getting to the implementation of the course work, the student must draw up a plan. Already at this stage, it is very important to estimate approximately how many pages each paragraph will take, so that subsequently there will be no difficulties with such a seemingly trifle as compliance with the volume requirements.
The volume of mandatory information for consumers of online stores.
The Office of Rospotrebnadzor in the Oryol region continues to receive consumer complaints about violations of the law when purchasing goods through online stores.
Most of these complaints relate to the issues of non-delivery of ordered and paid goods within the time period established by the contract, refusal to accept low-quality goods by the seller, and provision of incorrect information about the seller. It is also not uncommon for an online seller, having taken an order and received an advance payment (or the full cost of the goods), to hide or disappear.
The sale of goods by means of Internet sites is carried out in accordance with the Law of the Russian Federation of February 7, 1992 No. 2300-1 “On Protection of Consumer Rights” and the Rules for the Sale of Goods remotely, approved by the Government Decree of 27.09.2007. No. 612.
In accordance with Article.Article. 10, 8, 26.1 of the Law of the Russian Federation of February 7, 1992 No. 2300-1 “On the Protection of Consumer Rights” (hereinafter referred to as the “Law on the Protection of Consumer Rights”) and p.p. 8-11 of the "Rules for the sale of goods by remote means" approved by the Government Decree of 27.09.2007. No. 612, the manufacturer (executor, seller) before the conclusion of the contract is obliged to provide the consumer with the necessary and reliable information in a timely manner:
about the main consumer properties of the goods;
about the location of the seller;
the place of manufacture of the goods;
about the full company name of the seller or manufacturer;
about the price and conditions for the purchase of goods;
about the features of the delivery of goods;
about the service life, shelf life and warranty period of the goods;
about the order of payment for the goods;
on the period during which the offer to conclude a contract is valid.
This information can be posted on the seller's website.
When selling goods remotely, the seller is obliged to offer the buyer services for the delivery of goods by sending them by mail or transportation, indicating the method of delivery and mode of transport used (clause 3 of the Rules for the Sale of Goods by Remote Method).
The seller at the time of delivery of the goods is obliged to bring to the attention of the buyer in writing the following information (for imported goods - in Russian):
Name of the technical regulation or other designation established by the legislation Russian Federation on technical regulation and testifying to the mandatory confirmation of the conformity of the goods;
The main consumer properties of goods (works, services), information about the composition of food products, nutritional value, their purpose, conditions for the use and storage of food products, methods for preparing ready-made meals, weight, date and place of manufacture and packaging, as well as information about contraindications with certain diseases.
The price in rubles and the conditions for the purchase of goods, including when providing a loan, the amount of the loan, the full amount payable by the consumer, and the repayment schedule for this amount;
Warranty period, if any;
Rules and conditions for the efficient and safe use of goods;
Information on the energy efficiency of goods in respect of which the requirement for the availability of such information is determined in accordance with the legislation on energy saving and on improving energy efficiency;
The service life or shelf life of the goods, as well as information about the necessary actions of the consumer after the expiration of the specified periods and possible consequences if such actions are not taken, if the goods after the expiration of the specified periods pose a danger to the life, health and property of the consumer or become unsuitable for their intended use;
Location, company name of the seller;
Information on the mandatory confirmation of the conformity of goods, if the law establishes mandatory requirements that ensure their safety for the life and health of the consumer, environment and prevention of damage to consumer property;
Information about the rules for the sale of goods;
Information about the specific person who will perform the work, for example, the delivery of goods;
An indication of the use of phonograms in the provision of entertainment services by performers of musical works;
If the product purchased by the consumer was in use or a defect (shortcomings) was eliminated in it, the consumer must be provided with information about this.
This information can be provided both in the form of a sales contract, and in the form of technical documentation attached to the goods, on labels, markings or otherwise.
A contract for the retail purchase and sale of goods concluded remotely is considered executed from the moment the goods are delivered to the place specified in such an agreement, and if the place of transfer of the goods is not determined by such an agreement, from the moment the goods are delivered to the place of residence of the buyer-citizen or the location of the buyer - legal entity.
The buyer may refuse to purchase until the goods are transferred to him. At the same time, he must reimburse the seller for the costs incurred in connection with the performance of actions to fulfill the contract. Such activities may include the delivery of goods.
Also, the consumer has the right to refuse the goods within seven days after receiving it. And if information on the procedure and terms for returning goods of good quality was not provided in writing at the time of delivery of the goods, the consumer has the right to refuse the goods within three months from the date of transfer of the goods.
The rights of the consumer in the event of defects in the product are regulated by the provisions of Art. 18 - 24 of the Law, as in ordinary retail.
If you need advice on consumer protection issues, you can contact the Consultation Center for Informing and Counseling Citizens, Individual Entrepreneurs and Legal Entities on Consumer Rights Protection Issues at the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Oryol Region, located at: Orel, st. Karachevskaya, 56a, tel. 75-02-76.
and the Russian federal rules of audit activity form the required scope of the audit. The scope of the audit is also determined federal standards, other normative legal acts.
Remark 1
The term "audit scope" refers to the audit procedures necessary to achieve the audit objective with all audit obligations.
Auditing organizations have the following powers:
- making decisions on the types, number and depth of audit procedures;
- making decisions about the time spent, as well as the number of specialists and their composition, who are engaged in the audit and preparation of the auditor's opinion.
Consider the main steps of the audit:
- planning an audit to organize an effective and economically viable audit, at this stage, the strategy, tactics of the audit, its timing are determined, and a general plan and audit program are developed;
- collection of audit evidence - it is necessary to obtain such evidence that will become the basis for the formation of an opinion containing information on the reliability of the company's financial statements;
- cooperation with the head of the economic entity and other persons, such as auditor's assistants, involved experts, internal auditors - at this stage, it is necessary to review the results of the work performed, as well as assess the possibilities of using the results of their activities as reliable audit evidence;
- documenting the audit - it is necessary to fix the main aspects of the work performed, the conclusions drawn, which are important for the formation of the auditor's opinion;
- formation of conclusions and opinions on the accounting and financial statements of the enterprise - the auditor's conclusion should contain an opinion that contains information about the reliability of the financial statements of the enterprise.
Mandatory audits are subject to:
- joint-stock companies;
- enterprises operating in the securities market;
- insurance and credit companies;
- pension fund of the Russian Federation.
Until December 2, 2014, enterprises with the status of an open joint-stock company had to undergo a mandatory audit. But on December 2, 2014, amendments were made to Federal Law No. 307 "On Auditing". These amendments stated that joint-stock companies can now only be public or not public. But regardless of the form, such enterprises are subject to mandatory audit.
Scope of statutory audit
The scope of the statutory audit auditor's work includes the following procedures:
- verification of the correctness of registration of all operations in the documentation of the enterprise and those elements that are in doubt;
- organization of inventory at the enterprise;
- checking the financial situation at the enterprise, focusing on the data of the balance sheet and reporting;
- assessment of the degree of effectiveness of accounting policies at the enterprise;
- if there are consolidated financial statements, they are checked.
Remark 2
It should be noted that if a statutory audit of joint-stock enterprises is carried out, then the additional items in the scope of the audit include circumstances and data that characterize:
- share capital (by types of investments);
- the number of shares - which are authorized, issued and not paid;
- the value of shares that are not redeemed;
- par value and income from each share;
- movements in equity accounts during the audited period;
- the rights, benefits and restrictions under which dividends are distributed;
- debts on cumulative accumulated dividends on shares having the status of preferred shares;
- received proceeds from the sale of securities;
- shares held in reserve for sale under options and contracts.
2.11. The program includes three main sections: target, content and organizational, each of which reflects the mandatory part and the part formed by the participants in educational relations.
2.11.1. The target section includes an explanatory note and the planned results of the development of the program.
The explanatory note should disclose:
Goals and objectives of the Program implementation;
Principles and approaches to the formation of the Program;
Characteristics significant for the development and implementation of the Program, including characteristics of the characteristics of the development of children of early and preschool age.
Planned results development of the Program specify the requirements of the Standard for targets in the mandatory part and the part formed by the participants in educational relations, taking into account age capabilities and individual differences(individual developmental trajectories) of children, as well as the characteristics of the development of children with handicapped health, including children with disabilities (hereinafter - children with disabilities).
a) a description of educational activities in accordance with the directions of the development of the child, presented in five educational fields, taking into account the used variable exemplary basic educational programs preschool education and teaching aids providing the implementation of this content;
b) a description of the variable forms, methods, methods and means of implementing the Program, taking into account age and individual features pupils, their specifics educational needs and interests;
c) a description of educational activities for the professional correction of developmental disorders in children if this work is provided for by the Program.
a) features of educational activities of different types and cultural practices;
b) ways and directions of support for children's initiative;
c) features of the interaction of the teaching staff with the families of pupils;
d) other characteristics of the content of the Program, the most significant from the point of view of the authors of the Program.
Part of the Program formed by participants in educational relations , may include various directions, chosen by the participants of educational relations from among the partial and other programs and / or created by them independently.
This part of the Program should take into account the educational needs, interests and motives of children, their families and teachers and, in particular, may be focused on:
The specifics of national, sociocultural and other conditions in which educational activities;
The choice of those partial educational programs and forms of organizing work with children that best meet the needs and interests of children, as well as the capabilities of the teaching staff;
Established traditions of the Organization or Group.
This section should contain special conditions for education of children with disabilities, including mechanisms for adapting the Program for these children, the use of special educational programs and methods, special teaching aids and didactic materials, group and individual remedial classes and the implementation of qualified correction of violations of their development.
Correctional work and/or inclusive education should be aimed at:
1) ensuring the correction of developmental disorders of various categories of children with disabilities, providing them with qualified assistance in mastering the Program;
2) mastering the Program by children with disabilities, their diversified development, taking into account age and individual characteristics and special educational needs, social adaptation.
Correctional work and/or inclusive education of children with disabilities studying the Program in Combined and Compensatory Groups (including those for children with complex (complex) disabilities) must take into account the developmental characteristics and specific educational needs of each category of children.
In the case of organizing inclusive education on grounds not related to the disabilities of children's health, the allocation of this section is not mandatory; in the case of its allocation, the content of this section is determined by the Organization independently.
2.11.3. The organizational section should contain a description of the logistics provision of the Program, security teaching materials and means of training and education, include the routine and / or daily routine, as well as the features of traditional events, holidays, events; features of the organization of the developing subject-spatial environment.
2.12. If the mandatory part of the Program corresponds to the exemplary program, it is drawn up as a link to the corresponding exemplary program. The mandatory part must be presented in detail in accordance with paragraph 2.11 of the Standard, if it does not correspond to one of the sample programs.
Part of the Program formed by participants in educational relations can be presented in the form of links to the relevant methodical literature, which allows you to get acquainted with the content of the partial programs, methods, forms of organization of educational work chosen by the participants in educational relations.
2.13. An additional section of the Program is the text of its short presentation. Brief presentation Programs should be focused on parents (legal representatives) of children and available for review.
The short presentation of the Program should indicate:
1) age and other categories of children targeted by the Program of the Organization, including categories of children with disabilities, if the Program provides for the specifics of its implementation for this category of children;
2) the Sample Programs used;
1) subject-spatial developing educational environment;
2) the nature of interaction with adults;
3) the nature of interaction with other children;
4) the system of the child's relationship to the world, to other people, to himself.
2.9. The program consists of a mandatory part and a part formed by participants in educational relations. Both parts are complementary and necessary from the point of view of the implementation of the requirements of the Standard.
Mandatory part of the Program suggests the complexity of the approach, ensuring the development of children in all five complementary educational areas (clause 2.5 of the Standard).
In the part formed by the participants of educational relations , the Programs selected and / or developed independently by the participants in educational relations, aimed at the development of children in one or more educational areas, activities and / or cultural practices (hereinafter referred to as partial educational programs), methods, forms of organization of educational work should be presented.
2.10. The volume of the mandatory part of the Program is recommended to be at least 60% of its total volume; part formed by participants in educational relations, no more than 40%.
2.11. The program includes three main sections: target, content and organizational, each of which reflects the mandatory part and the part formed by the participants in educational relations.
2.11.1. The target section includes an explanatory note and the planned results of the development of the program.
The explanatory note should disclose:
goals and objectives of the Program implementation;
principles and approaches to the formation of the Program;
characteristics significant for the development and implementation of the Program, including characteristics of the characteristics of the development of children of early and preschool age.
Planned results development of the Program specify the requirements of the Standard for targets in the mandatory part and the part formed by participants in educational relations, taking into account the age capabilities and individual differences (individual development trajectories) of children, as well as the developmental characteristics of children with disabilities, including children with disabilities ( hereinafter referred to as children with disabilities).
2.11.2. The content section presents the general content of the Program, which ensures the full development of the personality of children.
a) a description of educational activities in accordance with the directions of the development of the child, presented in five educational areas, taking into account the used variable exemplary basic educational programs of preschool education and methodological aids that ensure the implementation of this content;
b) a description of the variable forms, methods, methods and means of implementing the Program, taking into account the age and individual characteristics of the pupils, the specifics of their educational needs and interests;
c) a description of educational activities for the professional correction of developmental disorders in children if this work is provided for by the Program.
a) features of educational activities of different types and cultural practices;
b) ways and directions of support for children's initiative;
c) features of the interaction of the teaching staff with the families of pupils;
d) other characteristics of the content of the Program, the most significant from the point of view of the authors of the Program.
Part of the Program formed by participants in educational relations , may include various directions chosen by the participants of educational relations from among the partial and other programs and / or created by them independently.
This part of the Program should take into account the educational needs, interests and motives of children, their families and teachers and, in particular, may be focused on:
the specifics of national, sociocultural and other conditions in which educational activities are carried out;
the choice of those partial educational programs and forms of organization of work with children that best meet the needs and interests of children, as well as the capabilities of the teaching staff;
established traditions of the Organization or Group.
This section should contain special conditions for the education of children with disabilities, including mechanisms for adapting the Program for these children, the use of special educational programs and methods, special teaching aids and didactic materials, conducting group and individual remedial classes and carrying out qualified correction of violations their development.
Correctional work and/or inclusive education should be aimed at:
1) ensuring the correction of developmental disorders of various categories of children with disabilities, providing them with qualified assistance in mastering the Program;
2) mastering the Program by children with disabilities, their diversified development, taking into account age and individual characteristics and special educational needs, social adaptation.
Correctional work and/or inclusive education of children with disabilities studying the Program in Combined and Compensatory Groups (including those for children with complex (complex) disabilities) must take into account the developmental characteristics and specific educational needs of each category of children.
In the case of organizing inclusive education on grounds not related to the disabilities of children's health, the allocation of this section is not mandatory; in the case of its allocation, the content of this section is determined by the Organization independently.
2.11.3. The organizational section should contain a description of the logistics provision of the Program, provision with methodological materials and means of training and education, include the routine and / or daily routine, as well as the features of traditional events, holidays, events; features of the organization of the developing subject-spatial environment.
2.12. If the mandatory part of the Program corresponds to the exemplary program, it is drawn up as a link to the corresponding exemplary program. The mandatory part must be presented in detail in accordance with paragraph 2.11 of the Standard, if it does not correspond to one of the sample programs.
Part of the Program formed by the participants in educational relations can be presented in the form of links to the relevant methodological literature, which makes it possible to get acquainted with the content of the partial programs, methods, forms of organization of educational work selected by the participants in educational relations.
2.13. An additional section of the Program is the text of its brief presentation.Brief presentation Programs should be focused on parents (legal representatives) of children and available for review.
The short presentation of the Program should indicate:
1) age and other categories of children targeted by the Program of the Organization, including categories of children with disabilities, if the Program provides for the specifics of its implementation for this category of children;
2) the Sample Programs used;
3) a description of the interaction of the teaching staff with the families of children.