Back in 1968, an intelligent-looking man, about forty-five years old, walked through all the schools in Khabarovsk, introducing himself as a major of the State Security Committee. The purpose of his visits was to select from among the tenth-graders those who were well versed in mathematics and physics. AT high school No. 43, where I studied at that time, they chose three, including me. It is probably worth noting that while studying in the 9th and 10th grades, I still went to the Youth Mathematical School at the Khabarovsk Institute of Railway Engineers in the evenings.
All the "chosen ones" were invited to enter the Higher School of the KGB. There were a lot of positive points, but I was most interested in two: free pass to Moscow and, in case of non-admission - back, as well as the fact that entrance exams are held in July, while in other universities in August. Our family, like most Soviet families of that time, she lived very modestly, the prospects for visiting the capital of our Motherland in the next ten years are very illusory, therefore, at the family council, it was decided to agree. All candidates filled out rather voluminous questionnaires, passed the medical commission and began to wait for news from such a mysterious and incomprehensible organization with which we had to link our future fate.
Two months later, we (about 150 guys) were gathered in one of the halls of the District Officers' House Soviet army and offered to write a test in mathematics, which was sent to Moscow for verification and evaluation. The call came to 5 people and all of us, after finishing the final exams at school, flew to the coveted capital in early July. True, it turned out that we were supposed to travel in a second-class carriage of a passenger train, and in order to be in time for the exams, we had to take off by plane. Parents from our rather modest budget had to pay the difference, since in those days both ticket prices and the difference in price between the railway and aviation were not so great.
Having landed in Domodedovo and safely reached the center, we hardly found the address of the hostel indicated to us in the area of the Avtozavodskaya metro station. Since it was vacation time, there were very few listeners in the hostel. All our attempts to figure out who we should learn from have been fruitless. It was only clear that graduate School, and then followed three formidable, well-known letters - the KGB. To me, a green seventeen-year-old boy who knew practically nothing about the activities of the special services, the prospect of ending up in a deep underground in a foreign country seemed very bleak. We were told about the upcoming next day written exam in mathematics, and also that those who successfully passed it were 90% guaranteed to receive admission.
During the resettlement, I ended up in the same room with three guys from Leningrad. When they met, having learned that I was from Khabarovsk, they declared that they knew my city, which is located somewhere in the north. Slightly offended, I explained to them that they were in the north, and we were in the south, on the same latitude as Kyiv. Further conversation convinced me that their knowledge of the geography of our country ends at the distant approaches to the Ural Mountains. Having run through the rooms, I found a map in one of them. Soviet Union, left by one of the listeners who left for the holidays. Seeing that Khabarovsk on the map is located on the very border with China, and the memories of the March armed conflict on Damansky Island were still very fresh in my memory, they bombarded me with a bunch of such childishly naive questions that I was simply overwhelmed by a wave of resentment for my entire native Far East.
And then, as the classics said, “Ostap suffered” ... I enthusiastically told them that bears easily walk around the city, which they drive into dens with bulldozers and keep there when people need to go to work or from work. In the same way, problems with visiting shops and cultural recreation of city residents are solved. He complained that it had become impossible to swim in the Amur: it was dangerous to go into the water deeper than knee-deep, as Chinese divers drag swimmers by the legs to China. Attempts to protect themselves with anti-shark nets did not bring results, since the Chinese also sawed them. That day I was on a roll and I can rightfully be proud of myself: information about my small homeland obtained by my neighbors cannot be found in any scientific reference book itself. If they, at least by 1%, believed my stories, you won’t drag them to the Far East even under pain of death.
But time went on as usual, and in the morning of the next day we all sat down to show our knowledge in mathematics. The tasks for me were not very difficult, but I had a firm conviction that this service was not for me and the exam should be “flunked”. In the meantime, I solved two problems for a desk mate who decided to act when a teacher stopped behind me, like two drops of water similar to the portrait of D.I. Mendeleev, which I saw in the school chemistry room. It was not entirely comfortable to sit idle under his stern gaze, and I solved two of my tasks. As soon as he moved away from me, I began to make corrections so that it was impossible to understand the course of the decision. But “Mendeleev”, apparently, somehow liked this place, and he spent almost the entire time of the exam standing behind my back, leaving me a minimum of time to make the necessary changes to all the other tasks solved under his control. With a feeling of conscientiously performed duty, I handed over my disfigured leaves and calmly began to wait for permission to go home.
The next day they posted on the board alphabetical listings applicants who did not pass the exam. To my surprise, I didn’t find my last name with the letter “B” ... Having thoroughly studied the entire list from A to Z, to my indescribable joy, I found it added by hand at the very end. I realized that for checking specialists of a sufficiently high level, in comparison with me, my amateurish attempts at corrections were sewn with white thread. They had enough qualifications to understand that a person who has mutilated his decisions does not want to act. But, apparently, there were some doubts and hesitations, since I was the last to be completed.
Together with my school friend Valerka Ermoshkin, who also tried to enter HSE with me, we went to the Yaroslavsky railway station and bought train tickets to Khabarovsk. True, there was a small overlap here too - there were no passenger tickets and we had to pay extra for the Rossiya fast train. After the final settlements, we sadly assessed our financial capabilities. The rest amounted to something like three rubles, on which we have to eat for a whole week. Reasonably judging that boiling water in the car is free, we bought a pack of refined sugar for 1 ruble, a pack of Georgian tea for 38 kopecks and ten Kuntsevsky buns for 3 kopecks.
Luckily for us, several girls-athletes were traveling with us in the car, returning from some competitions from Krasnodar to Irkutsk. Each of them carried with them a basket of sweet apples, from which a crazy aroma emanated. The apples turned out to be not easy varieties, they began to deteriorate literally on the second day of the journey, and we were happy to help the girls destroy them by eating them. For four days the problem of food was practically solved. After Irkutsk, our mood began to gradually deteriorate, and we still had three more days to go. We went out onto the platform at each station, swallowed our saliva, inhaling the aromas of hot boiled potatoes, poured with fried lard and onions, and looking at the heaps of lightly salted cucumbers that local merchants offered passengers. At one of these stops near Chita, we helped some grandmother load several huge bags into our car. It turned out that she would go in our compartment to Khabarovsk, from where she would fly by plane to her daughter on Sakhalin.
Going to have dinner, grandmother invited us to join, but we, without saying a word, began to refuse together, not taking our hungry eyes off the potions laid out on the table. An elderly person, who may have seen and survived the famine, our well-coordinated duet could not deceive. She silently took homemade bacon, sour cream, in which the spoon did not sink, and other homemade goodies that we could no longer refuse from her immense bags. So we got to Khabarovsk. At the station, we reloaded my grandmother, along with much lighter bags, from the train to the bus bound for the airport, and stopped in thought. The money we had left, and it was still a whole ruble with a change, was just enough to get home in style by taxi, however conditioned reflex the savings that we have developed over the past week turned out to be quite strong. We unanimously chose the tram.
A few years later, already serving in the authorities, I learned that I had to study as a “binoma” (as the rest of the students of the Higher School called them), that is, as a cryptographer, cryptographer. Thus ended my first attempt.
Ten s later small years I, already quite consciously, came to work in the KGB on my own, but this, perhaps, will be written in one of my next stories.
Brigidin Yu.I., retired colonel, chairman of the audit commission of the NP SVGB.
In the photo: This is how I looked in July 1968, when my mother saw me off to Moscow on the legendary TU-114.
In the 50s. the research and editorial and publishing departments were merged into the research and editorial and publishing department (NIRIO). In the 70s. they were separated again.
In 1960, a counterintelligence faculty was created. In addition, the school included the Institute of Foreign Languages of the KGB, the Higher School of Cryptographers of the 8th Main Directorate and the Military Institute of the KGB. On their basis, the faculty for training operational personnel with knowledge of foreign languages, the faculty of special technical services and the military faculty, respectively, were created.
On July 27, 1960, Special Council No. 1 was created on the basis of the Academic Council of the 8th Main Directorate (subsequently transformed into the School Academic Council).
As of the end of 1965, the school included:
- Faculty No. 1 (military counterintelligence)
- Faculty No. 2 (training of operational staff with knowledge of foreign languages)
- Faculty No. 3 (training and retraining courses)
- Faculty No. 4 (investigative)
- Faculty №5 (technical)
In 1969, a department for training investigators at the Higher Command School was established with a 4-year training period.
On July 9, 1979, the department for training investigators at the Higher Command School was transformed into the Faculty of Investigation, it included the departments of criminal law and criminal procedure, criminalistics, a special forensic laboratory and a methodological cabinet of legal disciplines.
In 1962, the subject of special department No. 2 (“imperialist intelligence”) was determined, special department No. 5 was created;
In the early 70s. a special department No. 3 was created;
By the decision of the Collegium of the KGB under the Council of Ministers of the USSR of June 14, 1972, the system of teaching special disciplines in educational institutions of the KGB was reorganized. According to this decision, the special department No. 5 was transformed into section 3B of the special department No. 3, new special departments No. 2 were created (tasks, organization and tactics of combating the subversive activities of intelligence foreign countries), No. 5 (the struggle of the organs of the State Security against ideological sabotage) and No. 6 (psychology);
In 1974, a special department No. 16 was created;
In the 80s. the special department "M" was created, the special department No. 16 became part of the special department No. 4;
In July 1984, the Department of Foreign Languages was disbanded, its language sections were transferred to related departments
Story
School graduates of the 1960-80s took part in countering foreign intelligence services and conducting operational and combat activities. The title of Hero of the Soviet Union for the performance of special tasks was received by V. Belyuzhenko, G. Zaitsev, V. Karpukhin, B. Sokolov.
Structure
As Major General Sergei Kolobashkin, deputy head of the academy, noted in 2001, 40 academicians and corresponding members of various academies of sciences, more than 100 doctors and 400 candidates of sciences are engaged in scientific and teaching work at the academy. According to him, “in five years of study, students, in addition to fundamental counterintelligence knowledge, receive a full-fledged legal education, deep language and military training ".
Additional vocational education at the academy includes advanced training and retraining of current employees, as well as special training for people selected for service in the FSB with higher education. System additional education operates at all faculties, but the main one is the Faculty of Leadership Training (FPRK).
The structure of the Academy includes (ICSI), which trains specialists in the field of transmission, protection and processing of information. In 1949, by a resolution of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, the Higher School of Cryptographers was established, and a closed department was established at the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics of Moscow State University by a resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR. Later, on the basis of their association, the technical faculty of the Higher School of the KGB of the USSR was created. Since 1992, the technical faculty of the Higher School has been transformed into the Institute of Cryptography, Communications and Informatics (ICSI). The main areas of training are: cryptography, applied mathematics, computer science and Computer Engineering, electronic engineering, radio engineering and communication.
Women can only study at the Academy in the Faculty of Translators, but for a short period since 1994, girls have also studied in the Faculty of Investigation.
Chiefs
- 1970-1974 - Nikitchenko Vitaly Fedotovich
- since 2000 - Vlasov Valentin Alexandrovich
Notes
see also
Links
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See what "HS KGB" is in other dictionaries:
KGB- red, blue, white sequence of colors of the flag of Russia from bottom to top of the Russian Federation Source: Stavropolskaya Pravda. 08/22/2002 (http://www.stapravda.ru/2002/08/22/2002 08 22 02.shtml) KGB club of chief accountants fin. Source:… …
Genre political detective Creator Chagall, Yosef Starring Ekaterina Volkova Ville Haapasalo Oleg Fomin Mikhail Efremov Mikhail Gorevoy ... Wikipedia
KGB-- large-size battery in marking of pyrotechnics in marking, tech. KGB Source: http://allp.ru/catalog/super/s49/?id=111 KGB An example of using KGB 2 ... Dictionary of abbreviations and abbreviations
- (Committee for State Security) (KGB (Committee for State Security)) Established in 1953, responsible for external. intelligence, counterintelligence and combating internal. crimes against the state. The most famous chairman of the KGB is Yuri Andropov ... ... Political science. Vocabulary.
KGB- (KGB) (abbr. name of the State Security Committee). Created in 1953, responsible for external. intelligence, counterintelligence and the fight against internal. crimes against the state. The most famous chairman of the KGB, Yuri Andropov (1967 82), who later became ... ... The World History
KGB USSR- KGB KGB of the USSR Committee of State Security under the Council of Ministers of the USSR from March 13, 1954 to December 1991 earlier: Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR MGB of the USSR after: MSB of the USSR state, USSR KGB Dictionaries: Dictionary of abbreviations and abbreviations of the army and special services. Comp. A. A. Shchelokov.… … Dictionary of abbreviations and abbreviations
Chekushka, check, office Dictionary of Russian synonyms. kgb n., number of synonyms: 10 gebnya (6) ... Synonym dictionary
KGB of the RSFSR- KGB KGB of the RSFSR State Security Committee of the RSFSR from May 6, 1991 to November 1991 earlier: MSB of the USSR after: AFB of the RSFSR ... Dictionary of abbreviations and abbreviations
Multiple m.; = Kagebe State Security Committee. Explanatory Dictionary of Efremova. T. F. Efremova. 2000... Modern dictionary Russian language Efremova
KGB: State Security Committee body state power in the USSR, post-Soviet space and in Bulgaria. The Office of the State Bank (K. G. B.) existed in Russia until 1917. Galactic Commission ... ... Wikipedia
App., number of synonyms: 1 KGB (4) Dictionary of ASIS synonyms. V.N. Trishin. 2013 ... Synonym dictionary
Books
- KGB. History of foreign policy operations from Lenin to Gorbachev, Christopher Andrew, Oleg Gordievsky, This book is rightfully considered the best study of the Soviet foreign intelligence- largely thanks to unique information Oleg Gordievsky, a KGB officer who fled to the West in his time... Category:
Oleg Matveev (CSO officer of the FSB of Russia), Yuri Zaitsev (host of Radio Russia)
April 26, 2006 - 85th anniversary of the Academy Federal Service Russia's security. Until recently, little was known about this unique educational institution in the country.
The glasnost that came to our country opened the veil of secrecy both over the very fact of the existence of the Higher School of the KGB named after F.E. Dzerzhinsky, and over its history ....
Before giving the floor to the story about the Higher School of the KGB of the USSR named after F.E. Dzerzhinsky during the time of Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov, we will briefly talk about the previous milestones in the history of this KGB university.
The issue of creating special training courses for Chekists was considered by the Board of the Cheka already on April 5, 1918. The proposal of the College of the Cheka met with the support of the Central Committee of the RCP (b).
The newspaper "Izvestia of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee" July 7, 1918 wrote that "at present, as it turned out at the All-Russian Conference of the Cheka, in many places there is an acute shortage of knowledgeable, trained workers in the fight against counter-revolution and speculation. Based on this, the Cheka organizes instructor courses, which will soon begin to function" . And on August 13, she informed readers that from August 8, in the premises of the Cheka - B. Lubyanka, Varsonofevsky per., 7, from 11 to 14 hours, registration for courses is being held, both for persons with the recommendations of the RCP (b), and representatives provincial and district Cheka.
In September, the opening of three-week courses with the number of students of 100-120 people took place. The course program included the study of the history of the labor movement, international significance
The October Revolution, the rights and obligations of the commissars of the Cheka, the conduct of an inquiry, the forms and methods of combating counter-revolution, speculation and crimes in office - these were seen as the main threats to the security of the new state of workers and peasants. The courses were taught by members of the Collegium and senior officials of the Cheka I.K. Ksenofontov, D.G. Evseev, I.N. Polukarov, G.S. Moroz, V.V. Fomin and others.
On August 11 of the following year, two-, from January 1921, three-month courses for the training of investigators, intelligence officers and commissioners of emergency commissions began to work. These courses were located in an old manor of the 18th century. on Pokrovka, 27.
In 1922, they were transformed into the Higher Courses of the GPU, which became the forerunner of both the network of courses and schools of the GPU, and the future Higher School of the KGB named after F.E. Dzerzhinsky (since July 15, 1952 - Higher School of State Security of the USSR).
One of the first manuals for counterintelligence officers "Red Counterintelligence" was prepared by S.S. Turlo in 1920. In 1924, with the help of I.P. Zaldat, he prepared A new book"Espionage", which for many years became, in fact, one of the best textbooks on counterintelligence.
In the 1920s, the first textbooks on special disciplines for the courses of the Cheka-OGPU also appeared: " Brief information from undercover intelligence "(1919)," Canvas of undercover intelligence "(1921). In 1925, the manual "Technology of counterintelligence service" appeared, three years later - "Economic counter-revolution", "Essays on the history of punitive bodies", "The ABC of counterintelligence", " Brief essays on anti-Soviet political parties" and other educational publications.
AT educational process the book of K.K. Zvonarev "Undercover intelligence" was also actively used.
These works comprehended and analyzed the experience of both Soviet intelligence and counterintelligence, and the security agencies of the Russian Empire.
February-May 1928 a course of lectures on counterintelligence at the Higher Courses was read by a member of the Board of the OGPU A.Kh.Artuzov, one of the recognized authorities and aces of Soviet counterintelligence.
September 8, 1930 the Central School was formed, teaching in which were leading employees of the OGPU - V.A. Styrne, N.G. Nikolaev-Zhurid, B.I. Gudz. The history course of the Cheka was taught by Ya.S. Agranov. In March 1939 The Central School was renamed the Higher School of the NKVD of the USSR.
By February 1941, by the time the unified union-republican NKVD was divided into the People's Commissariat for State Security (NKGB) and the NKVD, 30% of the leaders of the republican people's commissariats, as well as the regional and regional departments of the NKVD, were graduates of the Higher School ....
HIGH SCHOOL OF THE KGB UNDER THE CM USSR UNDER ANDROPOV
On July 7, 1971, having passed through the checkpoint of a closed facility near Moscow for the first time, I joined the number of applicants for the 2nd (counterintelligence) faculty of the Higher Red Banner School of the KGB of the USSR named after F.E. Dzerzhinsky.
Much later, we learned that earlier it was the famous "school N 101", where Soviet intelligence officers were trained, and even earlier - the base for the formation and training of operational-Chekist detachments, thrown behind German troops during the Great Patriotic War.
Later, a training base for the KGB special forces was created here - the Advanced Training Courses for the Operational Personnel (KUOS), which trained employees for the legendary Alpha and Vympel units.
The main building of the School was located on Leningradsky Prospekt 3, where the Academy of Border Troops is now located. And during the Great Patriotic War, special detachments were also trained here for operations behind enemy lines along the line of the front-line 4th Directorate of the NKVD of the USSR from among the fighters of the OMSBON (Separate Motorized Rifle Brigade special purpose stationed nearby, at the Dynamo stadium). In particular, the future heroes of the Soviet Union V.A. Lyagin (head of the illegal NKVD residency in Nikolaev), V.A. Molodtsov (head of the Fort task force in occupied Odessa), commander of the Mitya and Pobediteli special detachments studied here D.N. Medvedev, legendary scout N.I. Kuznetsov.
And only 6 graduates of the Central School of the NKVD, as it was then called, were awarded the title of Heroes of the Soviet Union during the war years. A number of graduates and employees of the Higher School of the KGB - G.I. Boyarinov, E.G. Kozlov, V.S. Belyuzhenko and others - were awarded this high rank already in the 80s of the last century.
Already on June 26, 1941, 140 students of the main department of the Higher School were seconded to a special detachment under the Special Group of the NKVD, which later became OMSBON. It was also commanded by a graduate of the Higher School of the NKVD V.B. Gridnev.
On the same day, another 85 students were sent to serve in the UNKGB in Moscow and the Moscow Region, in the UNKGB in Leningrad region, In the NKGB of the Moldavian and Ukrainian SSR, in other territorial bodies of the people's commissariat.
On June 29, 40 students and a group of teachers from the Higher School were sent to the military counterintelligence agencies in the Army in the field.
In September, another 328 students of special courses for military counterintelligence officers were placed at the disposal of the 3rd Directorate of the NKVD.
After a short evacuation, on January 20, 1942, the training of the operational staff was resumed in a three-month course in the building on Leningradsky Prospekt. In March, the number of students was increased from 500 to 800 people, and the total number of students in operational-Chekist schools at that time was 3,600 people.
In total, in 1941-1945, 7135 employees of the NKVD-NKGB of the USSR were trained and retrained within the walls of the school.
On August 30, 1945, the Higher School of the NKVD was awarded the Red Banner and a Diploma for merits in the training of Chekist personnel during the Great Patriotic War.
As a matter of fact, the Higher School itself, as a special higher educational institution with a three-year term of study for students in the program of law schools in the country, was formed in accordance with the decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR of July 15, 1952, and in April 1954 the first 189 graduates received diplomas from the new university, moreover 37 of them graduated with honors.
And in general, its pedigree Higher School - since August 1992. - Academy of the Federal Security Service of Russia - leads from a three-month training course for employees of the Cheka, which began their work on April 26, 1921.
In 1954, the number of variable composition (students) of the Higher School was set at 600 staff units. Applicants who had at least three years of experience in the state security agencies and who met the requirements for entering the country's universities were sent to study.
In November of the same year, in order to train scientific and pedagogical personnel for the bodies and educational institutions of the KGB, a postgraduate school was established at the Higher School, which, for more than fifty years of its existence, has trained hundreds of highly qualified lawyers and specialists in other specialties (physical, mathematical and technical sciences, psychology and other ). The functioning of postgraduate studies, as I learned later, led to the emergence of entire scientific schools not only in the field of special disciplines, but also in legal sciences, which gained wide popularity from the end of the 80s, when the faculty of the Higher School became more actively involved in scientific exchange with colleagues from "civilian" universities and research institutions of the USSR.
Initially, the Higher School of the KGB had 12 departments - three each in the cycles of social and humanitarian (philosophy, political economy, history of the CPSU (B), legal and special disciplines, as well as departments of foreign languages, military and physical training.
By 1960, the Higher School of the KGB of the USSR had become a large multidisciplinary special educational institution. In addition, the KGB system had 4 Higher Border Schools (in Moscow, Babushkino, Golitsino, Tashkent and Alma-Ata).
On August 2, 1962, the Higher School of the KGB of the USSR was named after F.E. Dzerzhinsky. Graduates of "our" faculty received the specialty of a lawyer-lawyer with knowledge of a foreign language.
In 1971, for the penultimate time, along with military personnel and applicants who had already served in the army, secondary school graduates were also admitted to the counterintelligence faculty. But the competition for us, yesterday's tenth graders, was separate and amounted to 19 passing points out of 20.
It should be said that at that time there was generally a rather restrained, if not negative, attitude towards the KGB "dynasty", although it existed de facto. However, it seems to me that this phenomenon is more positive than negative. Because, in general, this continuity and family tradition has contributed and continues to contribute to a more conscious and purposeful choice of profession, helps in the formation and education of professionally significant personality traits in future counterintelligence officers.
High school gave an excellent education. As they say today - "four in one": special, legal, linguistic, secondary military. But the basis and core of the training was precisely the legal and special disciplines.
Special disciplines were what is now called operational-search activity and is regulated by open rules of law, in particular, by federal laws. Russian Federation.
Among the legal disciplines Special attention understandably focused on criminal law and procedure, as well as administrative and international law.
The main thing that our teachers taught us is strict adherence to the norms of law, strict observance of the rule of law. Considerable attention was also paid to prevention and prevention, that is, to preventing the implementation of criminal intentions.
There was a whole arsenal of means to prevent criminal acts - I would like to emphasize that it was within the legal framework, but I will not expand on them for obvious reasons.
In a loop humanitarian disciplines a significant place was occupied by questions of both the modern international situation and politics, and the history of domestic security agencies, however, starting from December 1917.
Of course, we were also told about the unjustified repressions of the 1930s and 1950s, although at that time we, like the teachers themselves, did not and could not know their true scale. Although today, on the basis of archival documents that have long been published, and, in particular, the materials of the Commission of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU for additional study of materials related to the repressions that took place in the period of the 30s - 40s and early 50s (they published in the journal "Izvestia of the Central Committee of the CPSU" and in other publications), it can be argued that these repressions were on a much smaller scale than some of our fellow citizens believe.
Of course, as a lawyer and a citizen, I cannot help but feel a sense of shame and deep regret about these facts, but such is, in fact, the truth about the history of our Motherland.
I draw special attention to all these circumstances due to the fact that special emphasis in the process of teaching students of the Higher School of the KGB was placed precisely on the strict observance of the rules of law, which have already been changed, on the prevention of violations of the law and abuse of official powers.
Of course, the study of foreign languages, both European and Oriental, took up a considerable part of the time, and since 1979. - and African (in total, 34 foreign languages were taught at the Higher School). Moreover, the level of language training was so high that many graduates subsequently became not only translators, but also their teachers. Including such complex languages as Arabic, Japanese, Chinese, Urdu, Pashto, Swahili and the like.
Frankly, at that time the need to study military disciplines was questionable, although this later came in handy for many of my classmates - after all, they had to visit more than a dozen "hot" spots both abroad and on the territory of our country.
And now I am deeply convinced that military training is necessary for Chekists, employees of security agencies, and not only military counterintelligence, although we are given examples of supposedly "demilitarized" foreign special services.
Although, of course, the requirements of military regulations and discipline created some inconvenience during the training period. Not to mention the carrying out of orders - both internal service at the Higher School, and operational ones - after all, the entire personnel of the Higher Command was the permanent operational reserve of the chairman of the KGB.
The years of study at the Higher School absorbed a lot. First of all, it is impossible not to say about the staff of the course, its powerful educational and moral potential, which combined both youthful enthusiasm and romance with a certain life experience of "old-timers" who went through the army. It is impossible not to recall our head of the course, "dad", then still a major, Leonid Kuzmich Tyurikov, whose assistant was A.M. Yatsenko. They were demanding, but at the same time sympathetic, benevolent, understanding leaders, who, in my opinion, brilliantly illustrate the concept of "fathers-commanders".
A means of education, comradely influence, in addition to the "triangle" - the group commander, the Komsomol organizer and the party organizer, group "Combat sheets", was also exchange rate, faculty and school-wide wall printing.
Each monthly issue of the school-wide "Chekist" was an event that was expected. In addition to poems, photographs, chronicles public life Schools, interesting articles based on original materials from the countries of the language being studied were placed here. I especially remember two of them - about the then very famous adventurous writer Eric von Deniken, the author of a number of speculative books and films ("Memories of the Future", "Back to the Stars", etc.), and about the "leftist" youth extremism in Peru.
The committees of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League of faculties and the School were behind the organization of the wall printing. In the latter there were quite a few officers - lieutenants and senior lieutenants - from the faculty of military counterintelligence. The informal, comradely communication with them of yesterday's schoolchildren also gave the latter many useful life lessons.
And, above all, responsibility for oneself, one's actions, the entrusted work, the absence of which, as you know, young men often sin, who have not yet realized the importance of personal exactingness and responsibility to the team, their own conscience and deed.
Among the members of the Komsomol Committee of the School, Andrei Kozlov, who later became the editor-in-chief of the magazine "Pogranichnik", was especially remembered. Even then (in 1973-1975) he wrote and published his stories, according to his scripts, several programs were staged from the cycle popular with children " Goodnight, kids!". Therefore, I was glad when in 1982 he became the winner of the competition for young writers.
I think his stories, including those about the activities of the military counterintelligence of the Separate Corps of the Red Army in Lithuania in 1938-1941, could restore a lot in true history those days and years.
This is also a poet, a member of the Union of Writers of Russia D.B. Okunev, teacher of one of the special disciplines, V.D. , who passed away in April 1999.
Komsomol committees, in addition to "helping the leadership in educating personnel", which was one of their main official functions, dealt with many other issues: organizing the leisure of students, organizing and leading the Dzerzhinets construction teams, which provided not only a unique opportunity to get to know their country better and closer, but also earn extra money during the "labor semester, organization patriotic education etc.
I will only mention the propaganda campaigns of February 1975 and 1976 along the frontier posts of the Baltic border district from Riga to Brest, which, by the way, were carried out under the auspices of the Central Committee of the Komsomol.
Digressing somewhat from the topic, let me express the opinion that civil society is formed and can only be formed through the efforts and conscious purposeful activities of socially active citizens. And the rule of law is incompatible with indifference, formalism in the work of law enforcement officers, tolerance for injustice and violations of laws and norms of public life, civil and professional ethics.
Komsomol work was far from being only "formally bureaucratic in nature" - there was too much genuine burning in it, the desire for self-expression - and such a need, probably, comes to a person somewhere at the turn of 20-23 years - deep awareness his rightness.
I think that now listeners and students lack such a public amateur organization that teaches both to make decisions independently and organize their implementation, to be responsible for their implementation.
We loved a young teacher, then a captain, K.Kh. Ippolitov, V.M. Kleandrov, M.P. Tretyakov, V.N. Personally, I was greatly impressed with his erudition, knowledge of the subject, inner composure, purposefulness, G.A. Popov, with whom I was lucky to work in the future. It was Gennady Alekseevich who aroused my interest in knowing the true history of the country and its security agencies.
Great, only later realized, help was rendered to us by the teacher of "special discipline N 1" AI Kurchatov. To tell the truth, at first we did not really like him for his pedantry, scrupulous exactingness in the preparation of educational documents, as it seemed to us, numerous repetitions - thus, he sought to consolidate the knowledge, skills and abilities necessary for work. When we got together a few years after the end of HSE, it turned out that in the memory of many people remained grateful and grateful to him, "who gave exactly what was needed, what was especially important," although his didactic methods were not perceived as such at first.
And since those listening times, I ran into my memory famous aphorism that they learn only from those who love their work.
It seems to me that, unlike the current generation of listeners, we then had a cult of learning: the majority, including those who had families and young children, studied eagerly, assertively, persistently.
Perhaps this determined the completely logical result that quite a few generals, heads of departments of state security agencies, came out of just one course. These are, in particular, Colonel General A.G. Bezverkhniy, Lieutenant General S.M. Minakov, Major General I.V. Ermakov, head of the FSB for the Tver region.
Many of them went through Afghanistan first, and then dozens more "hot spots" already on the territory of our country.
I can't help but recall my "classmate" Valera Kurilov, an exceptionally gifted person who wrote poetry in both Russian and English, played the guitar, sang beautifully and drew. Only much later did I learn that Valera was among those who, on December 27, 1979, took the Taj Beg Palace in Kabul ....
He spoke truthfully about this in his book "Operation Storm-333" (M., 1999), many pages of which are devoted to the teachers of the Higher School and the years of study in it, my classmates and colleagues, who, not sparing their lives, carried out their official and military duty. From this book, I learned that our physical education teacher Alexander Ivanovich Dolmatov was the deputy commander of the KGB special detachment "Zenith", headed by the former teacher of the Higher School, Hero of the Soviet Union Grigory Ivanovich Boyarinov. (Colonel G.I. Boyarinov, head of the KGB KUOS, died during storming the Tajbek Palace on December 27, 1979. (He was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union posthumously).
In his book, Valery expressed the hope that it might be of help not only to students of Afghanistan, but also to other students of Chekist universities. His hopes were justified - teachers strongly recommend this book for familiarization to students as an additional study guide. And there really is a lot to learn from it.
The thirst for knowledge found its expression in the passion for research work - the research work of students. It seems necessary to mention that as early as 1855 at the Nikolaev Military Academy General Staff the so-called "annual essays" were introduced in the disciplines studied in order to determine the suitability of students for independent work, which were a kind of qualifying final work "for full course training". This approach was in demand in the 50s of the 20th century in military educational and special educational institutions of the USSR.
The Komsomol Committee of the Higher School also paid some attention to the development of NIRS. In 1973, with his participation, a school-wide Listening scientific society(SNO), which in those years worked quite actively.
In general, in the 1970s, the HKSh provided students with a lot of opportunities for development, intellectual and spiritual growth:
Foreign languages (including their study in additional, optional courses by those who wish);
Good library with many periodicals, including in studied foreign languages, the possibility of interlibrary exchange.
At the same time, it seems to me, there were also disadvantages.
Among them, I would name, first of all, the lack of a special course "Introduction to the specialty" (it was introduced to the Higher School of Higher Schools in the mid-80s as a tribute to the dictates of the times and the requirements of the Ministry of Higher Education, but, unfortunately, in the 90s it again "dropped out from the class schedule).
It seems to me that the course "Hygiene of Mental Labor" is also very important, although it could be somewhat expanded by raising the question of maintaining the health of students during the training period as a whole.
We didn't even have a course "Fundamentals scientific research", although, in general, it is, in my opinion, the best means of forming a creative, non-standard thinking personality.
Such a course, as another kind of "tribute to fashion", was introduced at the Higher School in the mid-80s, but, unfortunately, their study schedule at the Academy fell out again.
Today, the Academy still remains the leading educational institution for training personnel for the bodies of the FSB of Russia.
Defense of the state has always been an honorable activity. People who directly carried it out enjoyed great honor and authority in society. In addition, the constant wars that have been fought throughout human history have significantly enriched the representatives of the military class. In some countries, the military was considered the highest caste with the most rights. A great example is the Japanese samurai. However, on the territory of our fatherland, warriors and their achievements have also been glorified at all times. It should be noted that great importance has a training system for such people. After all, the need for a professional military will never disappear. The very system of training soldiers requires a special approach, since their skill consists not only of physical strength, but also certain psychological qualities. AT this case It is worth noting the specifics of training the elite of all armed and security forces, that is, intelligence and state security. The last structure performs in modern world extremely important functional tasks. Therefore, the training of its representatives should be carried out on highest level. In the Russian Federation today there is a Federal Security Service. This department is responsible for ensuring the security of our country. Specialists for its ranks are trained at a special Academy of the FSB.
What
As mentioned earlier, in any state, power units play an important role. The Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation belongs to such formations. The number of departments today is classified. The main task is to provide the Russian Federation.
It should be noted that the FSB, according to existing legislation, is a body that is authorized to carry out operational-search activities. Departments are replenished by recruiting for military and civil service. According to the regulations governing the work of the FSB, its activities are carried out in the following areas, namely:
counterintelligence;
Fight against terrorism;
Intelligence activities;
border activity;
Information Security;
The fight against crime of a particularly dangerous form.
The main department is the security of the Russian Federation.
General information about the higher educational institution
The Academy of the Russian Federation is a military institution that trains officers for the FSB. In addition, personnel for other intelligence agencies, as well as special services of friendly states, are also trained in this institution. That is, we are talking about a complex military institution with a fairly broad preparatory base.
The Academy was established in 1992 by a special decree of the President. The basis for the formation of this institution was the Higher School of the KGB named after Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky.
The history of the creation of the academy
The Academy of the FSB, whose faculties are presented in the article, begins its history from the courses of the All-Russian Extraordinary Commission, formed in 1921. The courses prepared the operational staff for the Cheka. It is worth noting that a significant contribution to the training was made by teachers who had a fairly large operational experience gained in the implementation of special operations"Trust" and "Syndicate". In 1934, cardinal changes took place in the structure of the power departments of the state.
The People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs was created. This leads to the creation of the Central School of the Main Directorate of State Security within the structure of the Soviet NKVD. During the Second World War, the educational institution graduates several thousand workers who managed to organize a fairly effective fight against the Nazis. Another reformation of the school takes place in 1952. On its basis, the Higher School of the MGB of the USSR is being formed. In 1962 this educational institution named after Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky.
Academy structure
The FSB Academy, whose faculties are presented in the article, trains personnel in many specialties that are in demand today in law enforcement and military departments. Structure higher institution contains three main segments, which include training.
1) The Institute for the Training of Operational Personnel provides qualified personnel training in a number of key areas of the FSB's activities. Within the framework of this division of the academy, there is an investigative faculty and a counterintelligence faculty. In both cases, graduates of the institution receive a diploma in the specialty "Legal support of national security." At the first one, employees of the FSB investigative units are trained, and at the second, operational ones. At the same time, the counterintelligence faculty trains employees in two specific areas: operational activities with knowledge of foreign languages and knowledge of modern information technologies.
2) The second subdivision of the Academy is the Institute of Cryptography, Communications and Informatics. Its graduates today are rightfully considered the best specialists in area information security. At the end of the training, employees are given qualifications such as “information security specialist”.
3) The Faculty of Foreign Languages is the youngest department of the university. It was created in 1990. On the basis of the faculty are prepared professional translators for the FSB.
Features of admission - the first stages
There are many features of the recruitment process that the FSB Academy is famous for. Faculties and specialties of different directions are replenished with personnel on absolutely equal terms. The first stage of selection is the medical board. To enter the academy, you must be in good health. It will be checked throughout the entire period of study at the institution.
The second stage is a polygraph. Many applicants mistakenly consider such a test to be something easy. However, a polygraph checks honesty, a person’s respect for military service, his compliance with management, etc. Therefore, the test must be taken as seriously as possible.
Special exams and physical fitness assessment
If the applicant does not have any comments on his mental and physiological level, then he is admitted to internal examinations. Physical fitness is checked by three tests: pull-ups, running 100 and 3000 meters.
Additional tests are exams in individual disciplines. For admission to a particular faculty, knowledge in various subjects is checked. For example, the investigative unit conducts additional exam in social science and the Russian language, and the Institute of Cryptography - in physics and mathematics. It is quite good to use special preparatory courses that raise the level of applicants.
Learning process
The Academy of the FSB, the faculties of which are presented in the article, prepares The learning process is quite complex and specific. Students actively study law, mathematics and foreign languages. Much attention is paid physical training, as it is one of the main subjects. Most items are classified. Some subjects are taught in such a way that even pens, let alone notes, cannot be taken out of the classrooms.
Daily life of students
The fact that studying at the FSB Academy can bring people together is not an exaggeration. Throughout the years of service, students in this institution are almost constantly in contact with each other. But this is not all the features of training. For example, it is undesirable for students to distribute records of their studies in social networks. The prohibition also covers talking to friends about it.
It should be noted that a large proportion of all students are girls. They're in equally with representatives of the stronger sex, they can claim that they were forged as professional cadres by the famous FSB academy. "Faculties for girls" is a common misconception. There are simply no such divisions. Girls enter, along with boys, those faculties that are provided for by the structure of a higher educational institution.
Academy management
For many years, the academy was headed by representatives of the highest officers. To date, the head is Ostroukhov Viktor Vasilyevich. He holds the rank of Colonel General. At one time Ostroukhov Viktor Vasilievich graduated from the Higher Red Banner School of the KGB. In addition to military activities, he also conducts research and is a doctor of jurisprudence.
So, we examined what the FSB academy is. Faculties, exams and the specifics of education were presented in the article. In conclusion, it is worth noting that work in state security agencies is not suitable for everyone. But if you have firmly decided to become employees of this department, then you need to discard any doubts and stubbornly go towards your goal.