This article contains statistics on Heroes of the Soviet Union. The main attention is paid to the pre-war period and the period of WW2. This did not include statistics on pilot-cosmonauts and Heroes of the USSR awarded this title after WW2.
In August 1933, the Chelyuskin steamer set sail, carrying an Arctic expedition on board. February 13, 1934 at 15:30 "Chelyuskin", crushed by ice, sank. There were 111 people left on the ice floe.
In the difficult conditions of the polar winter, with a huge risk to life, Soviet pilots searched for and rescued the distressed polar explorers. On April 13, a telegram was sent to the rescue pilots from the leaders of the Communist Party and the Soviet government: “We are delighted with your heroic work in rescuing the Chelyuskinites. We are proud of your victory over the forces of nature. We are glad that you justified the best hopes of the country and turned out to be worthy sons of our homeland ... We enter into a petition to the Central Executive Committee of the USSR:
1.About setting the highest degree the distinction associated with the manifestation of a heroic deed - the title of Hero of the Soviet Union ... "This telegram was published in the most widespread newspaper Pravda, 1934, April 17.
April 20, 1934 issued the first Decree of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR on conferring the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
On June 19, 1934, in the Kremlin, M.I. Kalinin presented seven pilots with the highest award of the country - the Order of Lenin and a special Diploma of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR. After the establishment in August 1939 of the Gold Star medal, medal No. 1 was awarded to A.V. Lyapidevsky.
| Heroes of the Soviet Union, awarded this title for the exploits committed in the pre-war years | ||||
|
Compound |
When saving people, testing new technology, developing the Arctic | When protecting the borders of the USSR | When fulfilling an international duty | Total |
| total person | 45/1 | 438/1 | 143/3 | 625*/5 |
| communists | 28/1 | 293/1 | 118/3 | 439/5 |
| Komsomol members | 4 | 86 | 20 | 110 |
| Russians | 37/1 | 303 | 106/1 | 446/2 |
| Ukrainians | 3 | 90/1 | 20 | 113/1 |
| Belarusians | - | 13 | 7/1 | 20/1 |
| other nationalities | 5 | 32 | 10/1 | 47**/1 |
| up to 20 years | - | 3 | - | 3 |
| up to 25 years | 1 | 132 | 25 | 158 |
| up to 30 years | 13 | 132 | 64/2 | 209/2 |
| up to 40 years (incl.) | 28 | 153/1 | 53/1 | 234/2 |
| over 40 years old | 3/1 | 18 | 1 | 22/1 |
| soldiers, sailors, sergeants and foremen*** | - | 142 | 27 | 169 |
| junior officers | 5 | 247 | 93 | 345 |
| senior officer corps | 6/1 | 41 | 16/2 | 63/3 |
| senior officers | 5 | 8/1 | 7/1 | 20/2 |
| no military rank | 29 | - | - | 29 |
In total, for the courage and bravery shown in the Soviet-Finnish war, 412 people were awarded the title of GSS, including 282 communists and 74 Komsomol members. The commanders of the troops were awarded the highest degree of distinction of the Motherland Northwestern Front commander of the 1st rank S.K. Timoshenko, commander of the 7th Army commander of the 2nd rank K.A. Meretskov, commander of the 50th rifle corps Divisional Commander F.D. Gorelenko, commander of the 136th rifle division brigade commander S.I. Chernyak. Among the GSS - representatives of all types Armed Forces, military branches and special forces: 154 rifle troops, 75 aviators, 75 tankers, 64 gunners, 19 sailors, 10 soldiers engineering troops, 1 cavalryman, 13 border guards and 1 pilot of the Civil Air Fleet.
In the prewar years of this high rank were awarded for the exemplary performance of military duty in the defense of Soviet borders and the provision of international assistance to other peoples of the war Soviet army and the Navy, participants in high-latitude expeditions, testers of new equipment - 597 people (including 5 people twice), or 95.4% total number Heroes of the USSR. Among them: soldiers of the Ground Forces - 68.8%, Air Force - 27.1%, Navy - 4.1%.
Communists accounted for 70.1% of the total number of GSS, Komsomol members - 17.6%.
Among the GSS of the prewar years are representatives of various nations and nationalities. Of these: 71.2% - Russians, 18.1% - Ukrainians, 3.2% - Belarusians, 7.5% - representatives of other nationalities. Most of these people are young, under the age of 40 - 96.5%.
On July 8, 1941, the first Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on conferring the title of Hero of the Soviet Union since the beginning of the Second World War was broadcast on the radio.
By the end of 1941, the list of Heroes of the USSR was replenished with 126 more names.
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Heroes of the Soviet Union, awarded this title for the exploits committed in the first period of the Great Patriotic War |
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|
Compound |
Ground troops | air force | air defense | Navy | Total |
| total person | 241 | 286/1 | 28 | 70*/1 | 625**/2 |
| communists | 159 | 253/1 | 25 | 60/1 | 497/2 |
| Komsomol members | 28 | 29 | 2 | 6 | 65 |
| Russians | 159 | 210 | 20 | 55/1 | 444/1 |
| Ukrainians | 41 | 60/1 | 6 | 6 | 113/1 |
| Belarusians | 4 | 8 | 1 | 1 | 14 |
| other nationalities | 37 | 8 | 1 | 8 | 54*** |
| up to 20 years | 13 | 24 | - | 3 | 40 |
| up to 25 years | 76 | 128 | 8 | 17 | 229 |
| up to 30 years | 69 | 78 | 18 | 29/1 | 194/1 |
| up to 40 years (incl.) | 70 | 56/1 | 2 | 19 | 147/1 |
| over 40 years old | 13 | - | - | 2 | 15 |
| 110 | 9 | - | 13 | 132 | |
| junior officers | 101 | 232 | 27 | 46 | 406 |
| senior officer corps | 26 | 44/1 | 1 | 6/1 | 77/2 |
| senior officers | 4 | - | - | 2 | 6 |
| no military rank | - | 1 | - | 3 | 4 |
* Including 3 sailors of the Merchant Navy
** In addition, 18 partisans and underground fighters (see tab. 7)
*** Including: Georgians - 7 people; Jews and Kazakhs - 5 people each; Avars, Azerbaijanis, Kirghiz, Estonians - 2 people each; Abkhaz, Adyghe, Balkar, Buryat, Kalmyk, Komi, Lezgin, Mari, Mordvin, Turkmen, Uzbek, Finn, Chechen.
For courage shown in battles in the first period of the Second World War, 625 people - representatives of all branches of the Armed Forces - were awarded the highest degree of distinction - the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
The largest number of those who received the title of GSS were Air Force servicemen - 286 people, or 45.8%. Among them are 144 fighter aircraft, 55 bomber, 49 long-range, 32 assault, 6 reconnaissance and aviation special purpose.
A significant number of HSS were in ground forces- 241 people, or 38.6% of the total. They bore the brunt of the struggle against the enemy. Among them are 163 soldiers of rifle troops, 6 artillerymen, 3 cavalrymen, 45 soldiers of armored and mechanized troops, 5 - engineering, 3 - airborne, 1 - railway, 15 - border and internal troops.
In the Navy, the number of GSS is 70 people, or 11.2% of the total. 30 of them are soldiers of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet, 10 - Northern, 27 - Black Sea Fleet, 3 - Merchant Marine. 44 GSS - aviators, 9 - marines, 7 - sailors of surface ships, 5 - submariners, 2 - soldiers coastal defense, 3 - sailors of the cargo ship "Old Bolshevik".
Among the GSS, more than half were commanders of platoons, companies, battalions and equal units; 21.1% - privates and sergeants. The GSS communists made up 79.5%, Komsomol members - 10.4%.
Among the GSS are representatives of 28 nationalities, Russians - 71%.
According to the age composition of the GSS - mostly young people. 74.1% - under the age of 30, 23.5% - under 40, and only 15 people over 40.
Until the autumn of 1941, all awards were made only by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
On October 22, 1941, the right to award orders and medals on behalf of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR was granted to the military councils of the fronts and fleets, and from November 10, 1942 - also to the military councils of armies and flotillas, commanders of corps, divisions, brigades and regiments. The awarding of the Order of Lenin and the title of Hero of the Soviet Union were still carried out by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, which now received the opportunity to resolve such issues more quickly.
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Heroes of the Soviet Union, awarded this title for the exploits committed in the second period of the Great Patriotic War |
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|
Compound |
Ground troops | air force | air defense | Navy | Total |
| total person | 3052/1 | 478/8 | 43 | 85 | 3658*/9 |
| communists | 1723/1 | 454/7 | 42 | 73 | 2292/8 |
| Komsomol members | 505 | 11/1 | 1 | 6 | 523/1 |
| Russians | 2121/1 | 354/4 | 31 | 70 | 2576/5 |
| Ukrainians | 509 | 94/4 | 10 | 12 | 625/4 |
| Belarusians | 50 | 13 | 2 | - | 65 |
| other nationalities | 372 | 17 | - | 3 | 392** |
| up to 20 years | 610 | 12 | - | 1 | 623 |
| up to 25 years | 874 | 224/2 | 27 | 28 | 1153/2 |
| up to 30 years | 637 | 175/4 | 10 | 22 | 844/4 |
| up to 40 years (incl.) | 723/1 | 67/2 | 6 | 28 | 824/3 |
| over 40 years old | 208 | - | - | 6 | 214 |
| soldiers, sailors, sergeants and foremen | 1633 | 5 | - | 19 | 1657 |
| junior officers | 1091 | 395/4 | 29 | 54 | 1569/4 |
| senior officer corps | 282/1 | 77/4 | 14 | 12 | 385/5 |
| senior officers | 46 | 1 | - | - | 47 |
* In addition, 30 partisans and underground fighters (see tab. 7).
** Including: Tatars - 63 people; Jews and Kazakhs - 41 people each; Uzbeks - 34 people; Mordvins - 33 people; Armenians - 27 people; Bashkirs - 22 people; Georgians - 20 people; Chuvash - 17 people; Ossetians - 12 people; Azerbaijanis - 11 people; Turkmens - 8 people; Poles and Tajiks - 6 people each; Mari - 5 people; Kabardians, Udmurts and Czechs - 4 people each; Karelians, Lithuanians - 3 people each; Avars, Buryats, Kalmyks, Komi, Khakasses, Estonians - 2 people each; Abkhaz, Adyghe, Assyrian, Greek, Dargin, Dungan, Spaniard, Karachay, Kirghiz, Kumyk, Lak, Lezgin, Circassian, Chechen, Evenk, Yakut.
2438 people were awarded the title of GSS (in 1943 - 1622 people, in 1944 - 816 people). In addition, for crossing the Dnieper and other rivers, for the feats accomplished in subsequent years, another 56 people were awarded the title of GSS.
It was the largest detachment of the GSS since the beginning of the Second World War. The main burden of the fighting during the crossing of the Dnieper and holding bridgeheads fell on the shoulders of the soldiers of the Ground Forces. Warriors of this type of the Armed Forces, awarded the title of GSS, make up the majority - 94.7%, of which about 70% are infantrymen.
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Heroes of the Soviet Union, awarded this title for the exploits committed during the final liberation of the Soviet land (December 1943 – October 1944) |
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Compound |
Ground troops | air force | air defense | Navy | Total |
| total person | 1718/5 | 811/11 | 9/1 | 268/3 | 2806/20 |
| communists | 1089/5 | 762/11 | 8/1 | 207/3 | 2066/20 |
| Komsomol members | 255 | 27 | 1 | 27 | 310 |
| Russians | 1175/1 | 621/9 | 7/1 | 193/2 | 1996/13 |
| Ukrainians | 335/2 | 127/2 | 1 | 49/1 | 512/5 |
| Belarusians | 50/2 | 37 | - | 5 | 92/2 |
| other nationalities | 158 | 26 | 1 | 21 | 206* |
| up to 20 years | 438 | 66/1 | - | 18 | 522/1 |
| up to 25 years | 516 | 475/5 | 8 | 112 | 1111/5 |
| up to 30 years | 335 | 202/4 | 1/1 | 84/1 | 622/6 |
| up to 40 years (incl.) | 335/4 | 68/1 | - | 52/2 | 455/7 |
| over 40 years old | 94/1 | - | - | 2 | 96/1 |
| soldiers, sailors, sergeants and foremen | 829 | 5 | - | 77 | 911 |
| junior officers | 682 | 677/11 | 8/1 | 157 | 1524/12 |
| senior officer corps | 179/4 | 129 | 1 | 34/3 | 343/7 |
| senior officers | 28/1 | - | - | - | 28/1 |
* Including: Tatars - 32 people; Georgians - 22 people; Armenians - 21 people; Jews - 18 people; Kazakhs - 15 people; Uzbeks - 11 people; Chuvash - 10 people; Mordvins - 9 people; Azerbaijanis - 8 people; Komi and Ossetians - 5 people each; Adyghe and Udmurts - 4 people each; Bashkirs, Kyrgyz, Latvians, Tajiks, French and Estonians - 3 people each; Karelians, Lezgins, Mari - 2 people each; Avar, Altaian, Greek, Kalmyk, Korean, Kumandin, Kumyk, Moldavian, Lithuanian, Nanai, Nogai, Pole, Svan, Tuvan, Gypsy, Circassian, Chechen and Yakut.
The largest number of GSS at this stage of the war was in the Ground Forces - 1718 people, which is 61.2%, including 5 people who were awarded the second Gold Star medal. More than 1,000 of them served in rifle troops, over 300 in armored and mechanized troops, about 200 in artillery and mortar troops, and 30 people in airborne troops.
There were 811 people in the GSS Air Force, or 28.9%. Among them, 382 served in attack aviation, 193 - in fighter, 112 - in long-range, 72 - in bomber and 52 - in reconnaissance and special-purpose aviation. 11 people were awarded the title of GSS for the second time.
In the Navy, 268 people became GSS, or 9.6%. 134 of them served in naval aviation, 78 in marines, 33 - on surface ships, 15 - in river military flotillas and 8 - submariners. 3 people were awarded the second medal "Gold Star".
It is indicative that 1895 GSS, or 67.5%, are commanders and political workers. Of these, 18.1% are senior officers and almost 1.5% are senior officers. 8.7% are communists and Komsomol members.
Of the total number of those awarded the title of GSS, 80.4% were under the age of 30, of which 18.6% were under 20. Among the GSS are representatives of 43 nationalities: 71.1% - Russians, 18.2% - Ukrainians, 3.3% - Belarusians, other nationalities - 7.4%.
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Heroes of the Soviet Union, awarded this title for the feats committed during the battles in Europe (1944 - 1945) |
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|
Compound |
Ground troops | air force | air defense | Navy | Total |
| total person | 3396/34 | 756/40 | 12 | 38/2 | 4202/76 |
| communists | 2427/34 | 662/39 | 12 | 23/2 | 3124/75 |
| Komsomol members | 447 | 62/1 | - | 8 | 517/1 |
| Russians | 2389/19 | 564/28 | 6 | 29/1 | 2979/48 |
| Ukrainians | 614/10 | 125/8 | 4 | 3 | 746/18 |
| Belarusians | 53/1 | 32/1 | 2 | 3 | 90/2 |
| other nationalities | 349/4 | 35/3 | - | 3/1 | 387*/8 |
| up to 20 years | 688 | 95 | - | 4 | 788 |
| up to 25 years | 1073/3 | 406/27 | 7 | 9 | 1495/30 |
| up to 30 years | 709/2 | 162/7 | 4 | 5/2 | 880/11 |
| up to 40 years | 670/6 | 90/5 | 1 | 18 | 779/11 |
| over 40 years old | 256/23 | 2/1 | - | 2 | 260/24 |
| soldiers, sailors, sergeants and foremen | 1231 | 4 | - | 13 | 1248 |
| junior officers | 1421/2 | 581/13 | 11 | 17 | 2030/15 |
| senior officer corps | 602/9 | 151/23 | 1 | 7/2 | 761/34 |
| senior officers | 142/23 | 20/4 | - | 1 | 163/27 |
* Including: Tatars - 62 people; Jews - 43 people; Georgians - 42 people; Armenians - 38 people; Kazakhs - 35 people; Uzbeks - 22 people; Azerbaijanis - 21 people; Mordvins - 17 people; Bashkirs - 14 people; Chuvash - 13 people; Ossetians - 11 people; Mari - 10 people; Turkmens - 9 people; Kyrgyz - 6 people; Tajiks - 5 people; Abkhazians, Dungans, Kabardians, Kalmyks, Karelians, Latvians and Lithuanians - 3 people each; Komi, Poles, Udmurts and Estonians - 2 people each; Altaian, Bulgarian, Buryat, Kurd, Lak, German, Finn, French, Czech and Yakut.
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Heroes of the Soviet Union, awarded this title for the exploits committed in the third period of the Great Patriotic War |
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Compound |
Ground troops | air force | air defense | Navy | Total |
| total person | 5114/39 | 1567/51 | 21/1 | 306/5 | 7008*/96 |
| communists | 3516/39 | 1424/50 | 20/1 | 230/5 | 5190/95 |
| Komsomol members | 702 | 89/1 | 1 | 35 | 827/1 |
| Russians | 3555/20 | 1185/37 | 13/1 | 222/3 | 4975/61 |
| Ukrainians | 949/12 | 252/10 | 5 | 52/1 | 1258/23 |
| Belarusians | 103/3 | 69/1 | 2 | 8 | 182/4 |
| other nationalities | 507/4 | 61/3 | 1 | 24/1 | 593**/8 |
| up to 20 years | 1125 | 162/1 | - | 22 | 1309/1 |
| up to 25 years | 1590/3 | 881/32 | 15 | 121 | 2607/35 |
| up to 30 years | 1044/2 | 364/11 | 5/1 | 89/3 | 1502/17 |
| up to 40 years | 1005/10 | 158/6 | 1 | 70/2 | 1234/18 |
| over 40 years old | 350/24 | 2/1 | - | 4 | 356/25 |
| soldiers, sailors, sergeants and foremen | 2060 | 9 | - | 90 | 2159 |
| junior officers | 2103/2 | 1258/24 | 19/1 | 174 | 3554/27 |
| senior officer corps | 781/13 | 280/23 | 2 | 41/5 | 1104/41 |
| senior officers | 170/24 | 20/4 | - | 1 | 191/28 |
* In addition, 201 people are partisans, underground workers and members of the Resistance movement.
** Including: Tatars - 94 people; Georgians - 64 people; Jews - 61 people; Armenians - 59 people; Kazakhs - 50 people; Uzbeks - 33 people; Azerbaijanis - 29 people; Mordvins - 26 people; Chuvash - 23 people; Bashkirs - 17 people; Ossetians - 16 people; Mari - 12 people; Kyrgyz and Turkmen - 9 people each; Tajiks - 8 people; Komi - 7 people; Latvians and Udmurts - 6 people each; Karelians and Estonians - 5 people each; Adyghes, Kalmyks, Lithuanians and French - 4 people each; Abkhazians, Dungans, Kabardians and Poles - 3 people each; Altaians, Lezgins and Yakuts - 2 people each; Avar, Bulgarian, Buryat, Greek, Korean, Kumandin, Kumyk, Kurd, Lak, Moldavian, Nanai, Nogai, German, Svan, Tuvan, Finn, Gypsy, Circassian, Czech and Chechen.
In the Ground Forces, out of the total number of GSS, more than 3,000 people served in rifle troops, over 900 - in armored and mechanized and 500 - in artillery and mortar troops, the rest - in the airborne, cavalry, engineering troops and signal troops.
Among the GSS who served in the Air Force, 706 were from attack aircraft, 463 from fighter aircraft, 183 from bomber aircraft, 137 served in long-range aviation and 78 in reconnaissance and special forces.
Almost all offensive operations 1944-1945 were carried out with the direct participation navy, river and lake fleets. Representatives of the Navy accounted for 4.4% of the total number of GSS. Among them, 144 people served in naval aviation, 78 - in the marines, 37 - on surface ships, 32 - in river and lake flotillas, and 15 people - submariners.
If in the first period of the Second World War there were 6 people among the senior officers of the GSS, in the second - 47, then in the third period - 191 people, including 28 people were awarded the Gold Star medal twice.
Communists and Komsomol members made up almost 86%. Among the GSS are representatives of 54 nationalities. Compared with previous periods of the war, the number of soldiers under the age of 20 awarded the title of GSS has significantly increased. If in the first period of the GSS, there were 40 people under the age of 20, in the second - 623, then in the third there were already 1309 people.
| Heroes of the Soviet Union - partisans, underground fighters and participants in the European resistance movement | ||||
|
Compound |
partisans | Underground | Members of the resistance movement | Total |
| total person | 172/2 | 61 | 16 | 249/2 |
| communists | 133/2 | 32 | 13 | 178/2 |
| Komsomol members | 22 | 25 | - | 47 |
| pioneers | 3 | - | - | 3 |
| Russians | 87 | 20 | 7 | 114 |
| Ukrainians | 36/2 | 25 | 3 | 64/2 |
| Belarusians | 37 | 8 | 1 | 46 |
| other nationalities | 12 | 8 | 5 | 25* |
| up to 20 years | 13 | 2 | - | 15 |
| up to 25 years | 12 | 21 | - | 33 |
| up to 30 years | 48 | 12 | 6 | 66 |
| up to 40 years | 68 | 13 | 6 | 66 |
| over 40 years old | 31/2 | 13 | 4 | 48/2 |
* Including: Lithuanians - 8 people; Latvians - 4 people; Germans - 3 people; Azerbaijani; Veps, Jew, Kalmyk, Karelian, Karachay, Mordvinian, Tatar, Uzbek and Czech.
249 people - partisans, underground fighters, members of the Resistance movement - were awarded the highest degree of distinction of the Motherland - the title of the GSS. An analysis of the figures given in the table shows that the majority of Pariizan Heroes is 69.1%, underground workers - 24.5%, members of the Resistance movement and scouts - 6.4% of the total number of GSS - participants in the struggle behind enemy lines.
Among partisans, underground workers, members of the resistance movement. who became GSS, 71.5% were communists, 18.9% were Komsomol members. Among them are 16 secretaries of the underground regional committees, city committees and district committees of the CPSU (b) and 14 commissars partisan detachments and connections. Among the GSS, Russians accounted for 45.8%, Ukrainians - 25.7%, Belarusians - 18.5%, in total - representatives of 16 nationalities aged 13 to 83 years.
Among them, more than 30% are workers and about 40% are collective farmers, many young people, including pioneers, about 10% are women.
| Heroes of the Soviet Union, awarded this title for the exploits committed during the Great Patriotic War | ||||||
|
Compound |
Ground troops | air force | air defense | Navy | Partisan formations and underground organizations | Total |
| total person | 8447/44 | 2332/61 | 92/1 | 513/7 | 249/2 | 11633/115 |
| communists | 5434/44 | 2132/59 | 87/1 | 406/7 | 178/2 | 8237/113 |
| Komsomol members | 1238 | 129/2 | 4 | 53 | 47 | 1471/2 |
| Russians | 5861/23 | 1750/42 | 64/1 | 393/5 | 114 | 8182/71 |
| Ukrainians | 1507/13 | 406/15 | 21 | 74/1 | 64/2 | 2072/31 |
| Belarusians | 159/3 | 90/1 | 5 | 11 | 46 | 311/4 |
| other nationalities | 920/5 | 86/3 | 2 | 35/1 | 25 | 1068/9 |
| up to 20 years | 1750 | 198/1 | - | 27 | 15 | 1990/1 |
| up to 25 years | 2542/3 | 1233/34 | 50 | 172 | 33 | 4030/37 |
| up to 30 years | 1758/2 | 617/15 | 33/1 | 154/5 | 66 | 2628/23 |
| up to 40 years | 1810/11 | 281/9 | 9 | 143/2 | 87 | 2330/22 |
| over 40 years old | 687/28 | 3/2 | - | 17 | 48/2 | 655/32 |
| soldiers, sailors, sergeants and foremen | 3810 | 23 | - | 134 | - | 3967 |
| junior officers | 3304/2 | 1885/28 | 75/1 | 295/1 | 5 | 5564/32 |
| senior officer corps | 1098/14 | 401/28 | 17 | 74/6 | 15 | 1605/48 |
| senior officers | 235/28 | 22/5 | - | 7 | 7/2 | 271/35 |
| no military rank | - | 1 | - | 3 | 222 | 226 |
Among the GSS awarded this title during the Second World War, soldiers, sergeants and foremen accounted for 34.1%, junior officers - 47.8%, senior officers - 2.3%.
71% were communists and about 13% were Komsomol members.
People under the age of 25 accounted for 51.8%, over 40 years - 5.6%.
| Heroes of the Soviet Union, awarded this title for the exploits committed during the Soviet-Japanese War | ||||
|
Compound |
Ground troops | air force | Navy | Total |
| total person | 40/4 | 1/1 | 52/1 | 93/6 |
| communists | 36/4 | 1/1 | 43/1 | 80/6 |
| Komsomol members | 3 | - | 6 | 9 |
| Russians | 26/2 | 1/1 | 46/1 | 73/4 |
| Ukrainians | 8/1 | - | 4 | 12/1 |
| Belarusians | 2 | - | 1 | 4 |
| other nationalities | 4/1 | - | - | 4*/1 |
| up to 20 years | 2 | - | 1 | 3 |
| up to 25 years | 2 | - | 6 | 8 |
| up to 30 years | 8 | - | 14/1 | 22/1 |
| up to 40 years | 12 | - | 36 | 38 |
| over 40 years old | 16/4 | 1/1 | 5 | 22/5 |
| soldiers, sailors, sergeants and foremen | 7 | - | 12 | 19 |
| junior officers | 9 | - | 21/1 | 30/1 |
| senior officer corps | 9 | - | 15 | 24 |
| senior officers | 15/4 | 1/1 | 4 | 20/5 |
The largest number of GSS, 52 people, are representatives of the Navy: 44 people - from the Pacific Fleet, 7 - from the Red Banner Amur Flotilla and People's Commissar of the Navy N.G. Kuznetsov. Among the heroes-sailors, 14 people served in the Marine Corps, 15 - in the aviation of the Pacific Fleet, 22 - on surface ships. The fact that more than half of the GSS - participants in the war with Japan are sailors, is explained by the conditions of the theater of operations.
The largest number of the GSS who served in the Ground Forces and were awarded this title for their exploits in the Far East Company, 26 soldiers from the strlkkovy wax, 6 - armored, 4 - artillery, 2 - engineering troops, one soldier served in the cavalry.
Among the GSS are representatives of the High Command (including the commander-in-chief of the Soviet troops on the Far Vlstok, Marshal of the Soviet Union A.M. Vasilevsky), commanders of fronts (fleets), armies (flotillas); commanders of corps, divisions, brigades, ships, regiments, battalions; staff officers, commanders of companies, platoons, squads, crews of tanks and aircraft, gun crews; ordinary composition. In particular, among the GSS - 20 marshals, generals and admirals, 54 officers, 19 foremen, Red Army and Red Navy.
Among the GSS - participants in the battles with Japan, the Communists and Komsomol members accounted for 95.7%.
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Heroes of the Soviet Union awarded this title twice or more (1934 - 1984) |
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|
Compound |
In the prewar years | During the Great Patriotic War | AT post-war years | Total |
| total person | 5 | 115 | 30 | 150 |
| communists | 5 | 113 | 30 | 148 |
| Komsomol members | - | 2 | - | 2 |
| Russians | 2 | 71 | 25 | 98 |
| Ukrainians | 1 | 31 | 3 | 35 |
| Belarusians | 1 | 4 | 1 | 6 |
| other nationalities | 1 | 9 | 1 | 11* |
| up to 25 years | - | 38 | - | 38 |
| up to 30 years | 2 | 23 | 2 | 27 |
| up to 40 years | 2 | 22 | 19 | 43 |
| over 40 years old | 1 | 32 | 9 | 42 |
| junior officers | - | 32 | 9 | 42 |
| senior officer corps | 3 | 48 | 17 | 68 |
| senior officers | 2 | 36 | 4 | 42 |
| no military rank | - | - | 8 | 8 |
* Including: Armenians and Jews - 2 people each; Bashkirs, Karelians, Kazakhs, Ossetians, Poles, Tatars, Chuvashs.
During the Great Patriotic War, sons and daughters of all republics and all peoples of the USSR fought shoulder to shoulder at the front. Every nation in this war had its heroes.
The peoples who had the most heroes
During the Great Patriotic War, 7998 Russians, 2021 Ukrainians, 299 Belarusians became Heroes of the Soviet Union. The next in terms of the number of heroes are Tatars - 161, Jews - 107, Kazakhs - 96, Georgians - 90, Armenians - 89.
Other nations
Not much behind the Georgians and Armenians were the Uzbeks - 67 heroes, Mordvinians - 63, Chuvashs - 45, Azerbaijanis - 43, Bashkirs - 38, Ossetians - 33. Next come the Mari, Turkmens, Lithuanians, Tajiks, Latvians, Kyrgyz, Komi, Udmurts, who gave country from 10 to 18 Heroes of the Soviet Union. 9 heroes each came from the German (we are talking, of course, about the Volga Germans) and the Estonian peoples, 8 each from the Karelians, Buryats and Mongols, Kalmyks, Kabardians. Adygs gave the country 6 heroes, Abkhazians - 4, Yakuts - 2, Moldavians - also 2, Tuvans -1. And finally, representatives of the repressed peoples, such as Chechens and Crimean Tatars, fought no less bravely than the rest. 5 Chechens and 6 Crimean Tatars were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
About "uncomfortable" nationalities
At the household level, there were practically no ethnic conflicts in the USSR, everyone lived peacefully side by side, and treated each other, if not as brothers, then as good neighbors. However, at the state level there were periods when some peoples were considered "wrong". These are, first of all, the repressed peoples, and the Jews. Everyone who is even a little interested in the issue of the Crimean Tatars knows the name of Ametkhan Sultan, the legendary ace pilot, twice Hero of the Soviet Union. Feats were also performed by representatives of the Chechen people. As you know, in 1942, the call to the front of the inhabitants of the Chechen-Ingush Republic was stopped, but by the end of the summer of this year, when the Nazis invaded North Caucasus, it was decided to call on the front of volunteers from among the Chechens and Ingush. 18.5 thousand volunteers came to the recruiting stations. They fought to the death on the outskirts of Stalingrad as part of a separate Chechen-Ingush regiment.
There is often an opinion about the Jews that the representatives of this ancient people are capable, first of all, of intellectual work and commerce, and the warriors of them are so-so. And that's not true. 107 Jews became during the Great Patriotic Heroes Soviet Union. The merit of the Jews, for example, in the organization partisan movement in Odessa.
From "natural" numbers to percentages
7998 Russians became Heroes of the Soviet Union during the war years. At first glance, this number is much more than 6 - that is how many Heroes of the Soviet Union from the Circassians. However, if you look at the percentage of heroes to population, you get a completely different picture. The 1939 census showed that 99,591,520 Russians live in the country. Adyghes - 88115. And it turns out that the percentage of heroes per "capita" among the small Adyghe people is even slightly higher than among the Russians - 0.0068 against 0.0080. The “percentage of heroism” for Ukrainians is 0.0072, for Belarusians - 0.0056, for Uzbeks 0.0013, for Chechens - 0.0012 and so on. It is clear that the number of heroes in itself cannot be considered an exhaustive characteristic of the national spirit, but the ratio of the number of heroes and the total population says something about the people. If you look at these statistics using the example of the peoples of the USSR, it will become clear that during the war years each of our peoples contributed their share to the overall victory, and it would be a flagrant injustice to single out someone.
During the Great Patriotic War, sons and daughters of all republics and all peoples of the USSR fought shoulder to shoulder at the front. Every nation in this war had its heroes.
The peoples who had the most heroes
During the Great Patriotic War, 7998 Russians, 2021 Ukrainians, 299 Belarusians became Heroes of the Soviet Union. The next in terms of the number of heroes are Tatars - 161, Jews - 107, Kazakhs - 96, Georgians - 90, Armenians - 89.
Other nations
Not much behind the Georgians and Armenians were the Uzbeks - 67 heroes, the Mordvinians - 63, the Chuvash - 45, the Azerbaijanis - 43, the Bashkirs - 38, the Ossetians - 33.
9 heroes each came from the German (we are talking, of course, about the Volga Germans) and the Estonian peoples, 8 each from the Karelians, Buryats and Mongols, Kalmyks, Kabardians. Adygs gave the country 6 heroes, Abkhazians - 4, Yakuts - 2, Moldavians - also 2, Tuvans -1. And finally, representatives of the repressed peoples, such as Chechens and Crimean Tatars, fought no less bravely than the rest. 5 Chechens and 6 Crimean Tatars were awarded the title of Heroes of the Soviet Union.
About "uncomfortable" nationalities
At the household level, there were practically no ethnic conflicts in the USSR, everyone lived peacefully side by side, and treated each other, if not as brothers, then as good neighbors. However, at the state level there were periods when some peoples were considered "wrong". These are, first of all, the repressed peoples, and the Jews.
Everyone who is even a little interested in the issue of the Crimean Tatars knows the name of Ametkhan Sultan, the legendary ace pilot, twice Hero of the Soviet Union. Feats were also performed by representatives of the Chechen people. As you know, in 1942, the conscription of residents of the Chechen-Ingush Republic to the front was stopped, but by the end of the summer of this year, when the Nazis invaded the North Caucasus, it was decided to call volunteers from among the Chechens and Ingush to the front. 18.5 thousand volunteers came to the recruiting stations. They fought to the death on the outskirts of Stalingrad as part of a separate Chechen-Ingush regiment.
There is often an opinion about the Jews that the representatives of this ancient people are capable, first of all, of intellectual work and commerce, and the warriors from them are so-so. And that's not true. 107 Jews became Heroes of the Soviet Union during the Great Patriotic War. The merit of the Jews, for example, in the organization partisan movement in Odessa.
From "natural" numbers to percentages
7998 Russians became Heroes of the Soviet Union during the war years. At first glance, this number is much more than 6 - that is how many Heroes of the Soviet Union from the Circassians. However, if you look at the percentage of heroes to population, you get a completely different picture. The 1939 census showed that 99,591,520 Russians live in the country. Adyghes - 88115. And it turns out that the percentage of heroes per "capita" among the small Adyghe people is even slightly higher than among the Russians - 0.0068 against 0.0080. The “percentage of heroism” for Ukrainians is 0.0072, for Belarusians – 0.0056, for Uzbeks – 0.0013, for Chechens – 0.0012, and so on. It is clear that the number of heroes in itself cannot be considered an exhaustive characteristic of the national spirit, but the ratio of the number of heroes and the total population says something about the people. If you look at these statistics using the example of the peoples of the USSR, it will become clear that during the war years each of our peoples contributed its share to the common victory, and it would be a flagrant injustice to single out someone.
Victory in the Great Patriotic War was achieved only thanks to the heroism of the Soviet people (by no means only Russian, as is often presented in the modern press), many peoples lost their sons on the fronts and in Nazi camps. Is there a way to celebrate and appreciate each individual for heroism and courage. In the USSR, the highest award was the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
During the period of the Second World War, 11,302 people were awarded the Star of the Hero. But here's what is strange: when official sources indicate which peoples were presented for the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, as a rule, it is written: Russians - 7998 people, Ukrainians - 2021 people, Belarusians - 299 people and other peoples - 984 people. But why did the rest of the nations forget?
The USSR was a single country of friendly and equal peoples, but then why in official statistics most of the peoples are indicated as others. After all, the Heroes of the Soviet Union were: 161 Tatars, 107 Jews, 96 Kazakhs, 90 Georgians, 89 Armenians, 67 Uzbeks, 63 Mordvins, 45 Chuvashs, 43 Azerbaijanis, 38 Bashkirs, 31 Ossetians, 18 Maris, 16 Turkmens, 15 Lithuanians, 15 Tajiks , 12 Latvians, 12 Kirghiz, 10 Komi, 10 Udmurts, 9 Estonians, 8 Karelians, 8 Kalmyks, 6 Kabardians, 6 Adyghes, 4 Abkhazians, 2 Yakuts, 2 Moldavians, 1 Tuvinian. But even in this list one can see the absence of representatives of the repressed peoples - Chechens and Crimean Tatars.
The question of attitude towards representatives of peoples who, for some reason, became objectionable for some reason, is really puzzling, and with one stroke of the pen they were deleted from. In fairness, it should be noted that 6 Chechens and 5 Crimean Tatars became Heroes of the Soviet Union (Amethan Sultan - twice). These people have done heroic deeds, for which they were awarded the highest government award of the USSR. In 1942, by order of Beria, the conscription of representatives of the Chechen-Ingush Republic to the front was stopped. It was at the beginning of the year, and by the end of the summer, when the Nazis invaded the territory of the Soviet Caucasus, it was decided to allow volunteers from Checheno-Ingushetia to participate in the battles. 18.5 thousand volunteers and conscripts from Checheno-Ingushetia fought on the fronts of the Second World War, they fought to the death on the outskirts of Stalingrad as part of a separate Chechen-Ingush regiment.
One of the most famous Chechen heroes was the machine gunner Khanpasha Nuradilov and the sniper Abuhazhi Idrisov. Nuradilov distinguished himself in the battle near the village of Zakharovka, when he destroyed 120 Nazis, in total the hero destroyed 920 enemy soldiers, for which he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union - posthumously. Idrisov from his sniper rifle destroyed 349 soldiers and officers of the Wehrmacht.
Not less than important role representatives also played in the Second World War Jewish people. Long years everyone spoke of the Jews only as merchants and intellectuals, but the terrible time of the war came, and they proved that the Motherland was not an empty phrase for them and they would defend it to the last drop of blood.
As part of Soviet troops more than 200 thousand Jews were presented to various state awards, and 107 were presented for the highest award - Hero of the Soviet Union. Some sources indicate the number - 150, but for the most part this is due to the fact that in hard years During the war, nationality did not always play a decisive role, and only after the war it was established that, for example, Mikhail Plotkin, the legendary pilot, was not Russian, but a Jew, and there are a lot of such examples, but nevertheless this does not reduce the merit of this or that people. The great merit of the representatives of the Jewish people was that the Nazis could not break the proud spirit of Odessa. It was the Jewish partisans who forced the enemy to live in constant fear. And if we talk about the exploits of the Jews, how not to remember legendary scout Yankele Czernyak, who organized an excellent network of top management agents Nazi Germany. It was Chernyak's group that was able to gain access to the secret developments of the "Tiger" and transfer this information to Moscow. As a result, when, according to the Nazis, their best tank was delivered to the front, Soviet tanks were already ready for this.
They took an active part in the war and representatives of the then young Soviet republics– Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia. Representatives of Western Ukraine did not stand aside either, many heroes were subsequently repressed for a possible connection with the UPA, but the fact remains that the heroes were not only in Russia, Belarus and Ukraine, but also in other republics.
Unfortunately, those years when the USSR was united and powerful are in the past. Fewer remain alive and those who stood at the origins of victory, who created it. Indeed, now even those who were born in 1930 and participated in the partisan movement as a teenager are already 81, and this is a very respectable age, given what these people had to endure. And the fewer veterans remain alive, the fewer eyewitnesses who can tell the truth about the war become. Already now there is an attempt to change or, to put it more simply, to rewrite history. The heroes of the war are questioned, many events are spoken of as not real, but only invented for the purpose of propaganda. Yes, there was propaganda, but it was propaganda calling for confrontation with the enemy who occupied our Motherland.
A Russian, a Chechen, an Uzbek, a Ukrainian stood side by side at the front, and there was not a shadow of a doubt that a comrade would not leave him to die on the battlefield. No, these people did not have a nationality, they were Soviet, and perhaps this is where the strength lies when teenagers do not point their fingers at a representative of a different nationality walking down the street or when a Chechen guy does not raise