Information systems specialist is engaged in the development, maintenance and implementation of various information systems. The profession is suitable for those who are interested in computer science (see choosing a profession for interest in school subjects).
An information system is a system for automating the activities of organizations, which includes:
- technical support (a set of technical means for the operation of the system);
- software and mathematical support;
- information support and technologies;
- organizational, methodological and legal support.
The main purpose of an information system, for example, in the economy is the creation of an information infrastructure for the effective operation and management of a company. Thus, the information system "1C: Enterprise" is designed to automate all accounting processes in the enterprise. Information Systems for organizational management, they automate the activities of management personnel in hotels, banks, and trade. Manufacturing enterprises use automation systems for the functions of technical personnel: production lines, microchip production, assembly. Automation of design processes is information systems such as the creation of design and graphic documentation, modeling of objects.
The professional standard for this profession was developed and approved relatively recently - on November 18, 2014, by Order of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection No. 896n "On approval professional standard"Information Systems Specialist"
Information systems are initially created for users who are experts in their subject area, but do not have special knowledge in the field of IT. Therefore, applications of information systems should be as simple as possible, convenient, easy to learn, intuitive.
Features of the profession
The functional responsibilities of an information systems specialist can be divided into 3 stages:
- Creation and maintenance of information systems:
- negotiations with the customer in order to clarify its requirements for the information system;
- collection of information for modeling the subject area of the project and the requirements of future users of the system;
- drawing up, together with the customer, technical specifications for the development of an information system;
- development of an information system and interaction with all project participants in the course of work;
- deployment of information system workplaces at the customer's site;
- installation and configuration of application software required for the operation of the system;
- setting up the technical equipment involved in the operation of the system;
- integration of the information system with technical support customer;
- carrying out internal testing of the system with parameter settings;
- pilot operation of the information system at the enterprise;
- liquidation of claims of users of the system after trial operation;
- detection and elimination of errors in the process of work.
- Technical support:
- installation of the information system;
- maintenance of the system during operation;
- software coding within a certain framework of the tasks;
- development of operating instructions and technical documentation.
- Interaction with system users:
- training users of the information system in how to work with it; advising users of the information system;
- creation of presentations and demo versions of the system;
- drawing up a report on the results of training.
A group of specialists can work at each stage, depending on the volume of the enterprise and the tasks set.
Pros and cons of the profession
pros
- Demand.
- High wages for qualified professionals.
- Developing useful contacts and acquaintances in business.
Minuses
- User training on initial stage associated with their misunderstanding and opposition.
- The need to convince and repeatedly explain elementary things to users who do not have special qualifications in the field of information technology.
- Frequent business trips are possible.
Place of work
Legally, an information systems specialist is an employee of an IT company that develops information systems, but geographically, during the implementation of the system, he works at the enterprise. In the structure of the enterprise itself, sometimes a department is created to support the implemented information systems, so that after training and trial operation, their own specialists can identify and eliminate possible incidents.
Important qualities
- Analytical mind;
- systems thinking;
- sociability;
- ability to work with groups of people;
- the ability to create constructive interaction between IT specialists and users of the system;
- attention to detail;
- responsibility;
- discipline;
- knowledge in English for reading technical literature.
- Professional skills
- knowledge of the architecture and functioning of modern information systems;
- knowledge of the principles of analysis and storage of databases;
- knowledge of the basics and programming languages, modern methods of testing information systems;
- knowledge of automation standards for various processes (ERP, CRM, MRP, ITIL, ITSM, etc.);
- the ability to quickly penetrate and understand the subject area of the designed information system;
- knowledge of the basics of economic activity and enterprise management is desirable;
- ability to work with information: collection, processing, analysis.
Salary
Salary as of 08/05/2019
Russia 25000—60000 ₽
Moscow 50000—180000 ₽
A novice information systems specialist can count on a salary of 60 thousand rubles. A specialist with more than 3 years of experience can receive from 100 thousand rubles. in the metropolitan area.
Career steps and prospects
An information systems specialist can start his career with the operation of the system at the enterprise, then go through all the steps from a simple specialist to the main one in the implementation of information systems. The next step is the Project Manager for the implementation of the information system, then the level of the information system developer.
Types of information systems
Classification according to the purpose and use of the system:
- systems of organizational or administrative management;
- process control systems;
- automated research systems;
- computer-aided design (CAD) systems.
According to the organizational level, there are 4 types of information systems:
- interactive request processing systems at the operational level Transaction Processing Systems (TPS);
- knowledge level systems, Knowledge Work System (KWS) and office automation systems - Office Automation Systems (OAS);
- management level systems Management Information Systems (MIS) and decision support systems - Decision Support Systems (DSS);
- systems of strategic level Executive Support Systems (ESS).
This specialty is in the spirit of the time, so to speak. It can give you knowledge that will definitely be in demand in the modern information technology world. Information systems are everywhere. The ability to work with information in every sense will give you a guaranteed place in the labor market. As part of the specialty, students will study a number of highly specialized disciplines (they can vary and be supplemented depending on the profile): tools, IS modeling and architecture, computer graphics, programming and database technologies, information processing technology, computer science theory, information and network technologies. The main objective of the course is to teach young specialist who will be able to realize himself in any areas related to computerization, automation, information technology. Here you can not do without love for exact sciences, knowledge of which is checked by applicants.
In the past, information was considered a bureaucratic area and a limited tool for decision-making. Today, information is considered as one of the main resources for the development of society, and information systems and technologies as a means of increasing the productivity and efficiency of people.
The most widely used information systems and technologies are in production, management and financial activities, although there have been shifts in the minds of people employed in other areas regarding the need for their implementation and active use. This determined the angle of view from which the main areas of their application will be considered. The main attention is paid to the consideration of information systems and technologies from the standpoint of using their capabilities to improve the efficiency of the work of workers in the information sphere of production and decision support in organizations (firms).
INFORMATION SYSTEMS. Concepts
Under system understand any object that is simultaneously considered both as a single whole and as a set of heterogeneous elements united in the interests of achieving the goals set. Systems differ significantly from each other both in composition and in main goals.
Example 3.1. Here are several systems consisting of different elements and aimed at realizing different goals.
|
System |
System elements |
The main goal of the system |
|
People, equipment, materials, buildings, etc. |
Production of goods |
|
|
A computer |
Electronic and electromechanical elements, communication lines, etc. |
Data processing |
|
Telecommunication system |
Computers, modems, cables, network software, etc. |
Transfer of information |
|
Information system |
Computers, computer networks, people, information and software |
Production of professional information |
In computer science, the concept of "system" is widespread and has many semantic meanings. Most often it is used in relation to a set of hardware and software. The system can be called the hardware part of the computer. A system can also be considered a set of programs for solving specific applied problems, supplemented by procedures for maintaining documentation and managing calculations.
The addition of the word "information" to the concept of "system" reflects the purpose of its creation and functioning. Information systems ensure the collection, storage, processing, search, and issuance of information necessary in the process of making decisions on tasks from any area. They help analyze problems and create new products.
Information system- an interconnected set of means, methods and personnel used to store, process and issue information in the interests of achieving the goal.
The modern understanding of the information system involves the use of a personal computer as the main technical means of processing information. In large organizations, along with a personal computer, the technical base of the information system may include a mainframe or supercomputer. In addition, the technical implementation of the information system in itself will mean nothing if the role of the person for whom the produced information is intended and without which it is impossible to receive and present it is not taken into account.
It is necessary to understand the difference between computers and information systems.
Computers , equipped with specialized software, are the technical base and tool for information systems. Information system unthinkable without personnel interacting with computers and telecommunications
Stages of development of information systems
The history of the development of information systems and the purpose of their use for different periods are presented in Table. 3.1.
Table 3.1. Changing the approach to the use of information systems
|
Time period |
The concept of using information |
Type of information systems |
Purpose of use |
|
1950 -1960 |
Paper flow of settlement documents |
Information systems for processing settlement documents on electromechanical accounting machines |
Increase the speed of processing documents Simplify the procedure for processing invoices and payroll |
|
1960 -1970 |
Basic assistance in preparing reports |
Management information systems for production information |
Speeding up the reporting process |
|
1970 -1980 |
Management control of implementation (sales) |
Decision support systems Top management systems |
Development of the most rational solution |
|
1980 - 2000 |
Information is a strategic resource providing a competitive advantage |
Strategic information systems Automated offices |
Firm survival and prosperity |
The first information systems appeared in the 50s. During these years, they were intended for processing invoices and payroll, and were implemented on electromechanical accounting calculating machines. This led to some reduction in costs and time for the preparation of paper documents.
Processes in the information system
The processes that ensure the operation of an information system for any purpose can be conditionally represented as a diagram (Fig. 3.1), consisting of blocks:
input of information from external or internal sources;
processing input information and presenting it in a convenient form;
output of information for presentation to consumers or transfer to another system;
feedback is information processed by the people of this organization to correct the input information.
An information system is defined by the following properties:
any information system can be analyzed, built and managed on the basis of general principles for building systems;
the information system is dynamic and evolving;
when building an information system, it is necessary to use a systematic approach;
the output of the information system is the information on the basis of which decisions are made;
the information system should be perceived as a human-computer information processing system.
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|
The structure of an information system is a set of its individual parts, called subsystems.
Rice. 3.1. Processes in the information system
Types of supporting subsystems
The structure of an information system is a combination of its individual parts, called subsystems.
Subsystem- is a part of the system, isolated on some basis.
The overall structure of an information system can be viewed as a set of subsystems, regardless of the scope. In this case, one speaks of structural feature classifications, and subsystems are called providing. Thus, the structure of any information system can be represented by a set of supporting subsystems (Fig. 3.4).
Rice. 3.4. The structure of the information system as a set of supporting subsystems
Among the supporting subsystems, information, technical, mathematical, software, organizational and legal support are usually distinguished.
Information Support- a set of a unified system of classification and coding of information.
The purpose of the information support subsystem is to timely generate and issue reliable information for making management decisions.
Information Support- a set of a unified system of classification and coding of information, unified documentation systems, schemes of information flows circulating in the organization, as well as a methodology for building databases.
Technical support- a set of technical means intended for the operation of the information system, as well as the relevant documentation for these tools and technological processes.
Mathematics and software- a set of mathematical methods, models, algorithms and programs for the implementation of the goals and objectives of the information system, as well as the normal functioning of the complex of technical means.
Organizational support- a set of methods and means regulating the interaction of employees with technical means and among themselves in the process of developing and operating an information system.
Legal support- a set of legal norms that determine the creation, legal status and operation of information systems that regulate the procedure for obtaining, transforming and using information.
Information process and its structure
The information process is a set of operations related to the collection, storage, transmission, processing, search and issuance of information. In accordance with this, the structure of the information process is as follows:
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|
Communication channel - air (voice information) fluctuations caused by natural phenomena, the operation of machines and devices; electricity(information is transmitted by telephone, telex communication over any distance); ether (the thinnest matter for the transmission of radio and television vibrations); x-rays and light rays.
The following technical media are used to store and issue information: paper, iron, silicon, plastic, fabric, wood, clay, stone. In accordance with what type of media prevails, information processes are classified into two groups:
1. Paper information processes.
2. Paperless information processes using other media.
Currently, there is a revolutionary replacement of paper-based information technology with a paperless one. According to forecasts, by the middle of the 21st century, in the developed countries of the world, paper technology will be replaced by paperless technology.
The main means of information processing is a computer. The amount of information that society must process in the course of its development, as the system of social production grows, grows intensively. Information becomes an important means of existence of society.
The development of these processes leads to the emergence of information barriers. In the history of mankind, two information barriers have been identified:
An information barrier occurs at a time when one person cannot cope with the processing of the flow of information passing through him. The way to overcome this is the social division of labor and the rationalization of socio-economic distribution.
Associated with the enormous bandwidth of the human brain. The way to overcome this barrier is to increase labor productivity in the field of management and its automation. The main tool is the computer, with its help most of information flows can pass and become isolated outside the person. To ensure the interaction of a person with a computer, the problem of complex automation of individual sections of information processes is being solved. Automation is the execution of the information processing process without the direct participation of a person.
THE CONCEPT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Definition of information technology
Technology when translated from Greek (techne) means art, skill, skill, and this is nothing more than processes. Under process it is necessary to understand a certain set of actions aimed at achieving the goal. The process should be determined by the strategy chosen by the person and implemented using a combination of various means and methods.
Under material production technology understand the process, determined by the totality of means and methods of processing, manufacturing, changing the state, properties, form of raw materials or material. Technology changes the quality or initial state of matter in order to obtain a material product (Fig. 3.10).
Rice. 3.10 . Information technology as an analogue of the technology of processing material resources
Information is one of the most valuable resources of society, along with such traditional material types of resources as oil, gas, minerals, etc., which means that the process of its processing, by analogy with the processes of processing material resources, can be perceived as a technology. Then the following definition holds.
Information technology- a process that uses a set of means and methods for collecting, processing and transmitting data (primary information) to obtain new quality information about the state of an object, process or phenomenon (information product).
The goal of material production technology is to produce products that satisfy the needs of a person or system.
The purpose of information technology is the production of information for its analysis by a person and the adoption on its basis of a decision to perform an action.
It is known that by applying different technologies to the same material resource, you can get different products, products. The same will be true for information processing technology.
Example 3.18. For execution control work in mathematics, each student applies his own technology for processing initial information (initial data of tasks). The information product (problem solving results) will depend on the solution technology chosen by the student. Usually manual information technology is used. If we use computer information technology capable of solving such problems, then the information product will have a different quality.
For comparison in table. 3.3 shows the main components of both types of technologies.
Table 3.3. Comparison of the main components of technologies
Computer science as a science
The term "informatics" in the sense in which it is now used originated in the early 60s in the French language (informatique). The word "informatics" is formed from two words - "information" and "automatics". Therefore, the meaning of this word should have been something like this: automatic work with information.
In fact, at present we are talking only about “automated” work with information, that is, about a combination of human functions and a technical device. Note that the term "automatic", generally speaking, means without human intervention. Until the early nineties of the XX century, discussions took place in our country, in which they tried to define both the term “informatics” as accurately as possible, and fix the subject of this science and distinguish it from related sciences. However, until now there are several different points of view on this issue. We will understand by this term the following.
Informatics is a fundamental natural science about the expedient processing of information carried out mainly with the help of automated means, considered as a display of knowledge and facts, information, data in various fields of human activity. This is the science of the means, methods and ways of collecting, exchanging, storing and processing information.
At present, in our country, as well as throughout the world, the processes of computerization and informatization are proceeding quite rapidly in most areas of the national economy.
Computerization is the process of equipping organizations, enterprises and workplaces of individual specialists with various means of computer technology, combining individual machines into computer networks, installing and mastering modern software systems. Informatization is the widespread introduction of modern information technologies in the professional activities of specialists in various fields, in educational, research, managerial, administrative activities, in everyday life and leisure of a person. Information technology is any specific system of means, methods and ways of collecting, accumulating, searching, processing, receiving and transmitting information. Technology translated from Greek means art, skill, ability, and this is nothing more than processes. A process should be understood as a certain set of actions aimed at achieving a set goal. Information technology is a process that uses a set of means and methods for collecting, processing and transmitting data to obtain information of a new quality about the state of an object, process or phenomenon. Information technology is the most important component of the process of using the information resources of society. To date, it has gone through several evolutionary stages, the change of which was determined mainly by the development of scientific and technological progress, the emergence of new means of information processing. Implementation personal computer in the information sphere and the use of telecommunication means of communication determined new stage development of information technology and, as a result, changed its name by adding the word "new". New information technology - information technology with a "friendly" user interface, using personal computers and telecommunications. The adjective "computer" emphasizes that the main technical means its implementation is the computer. The following common types of personal computer software products can be used as information technology tools: word processor, desktop publishing systems, spreadsheets, database management systems, electronic notebooks, electronic calendars, functional information systems, expert systems, etc. An example obsolete information technology is a purely paper technology, when all work with information is carried out on paper or its equivalents. Modern information technologies, in particular, imply: - almost complete rejection of paper media, starting with the registration of primary information on machine media; - availability of any information (except information, access to which is restricted by law) at any point the globe and at any time. Many experts believe that humanity is gradually moving from the industrial stage of its development to the post-industrial, or rather, to the information stage, since at the present stage the further development of science, technology, and the economy of the state cannot be imagined without the widest use of the latest achievements of informatics. And the life of a single person is increasingly connected with computer science. Information and informatization are classified as one of the most important types of strategic national resources, and these indicators, in particular, determine the economic and military power of the state.
Description
Bachelors receiving education in the field of information systems and technologies are taught:
- realize complex analysis projects under development and provide advice to help ensure the preparation of the production process and maintenance;
- study the relationship in information systems and conduct a systematic analysis of a given area;
- create applied and basic technologies;
- carry out a set of works aimed at the development and final modernization of technological processes at the stage of preparing the production process of a new product;
- take a direct part in computational tests and experiments aimed at checking the accuracy and relevance of the applied mathematical models;
- adjust the project strategy based on the infrastructure support of the enterprise and the information systems operating in it;
- assemble the final software system using ready-made elements and components;
- ensure continuous operation and accompany information Technology and systems based on quality and reliability requirements;
- prepare accessible instructions for use by personnel correct technique operation.
Whom to work
Those who have not only mastered the skills in the field of information systems, but also have a creative potential, can successfully work as a computer animation specialist. Also, many production centers and various photo studios require professional video processing masters. The permanent leader among the professions in which they work qualified graduates in this area are all areas related to programming. They can be html layout designers, which is especially relevant in the context of a dynamically developing Internet sphere; ERP programmers and web administrators. Many advertising agencies are looking for computer graphics designers, where you can grow to a leading specialist in this field.