"The use of ICT in history lessons" - Saving time. Contains a lot of illustrative material. Directions of work in the INTERNET network. Provides an opportunity to study the subject in more depth. Bring the lesson closer to the worldview of the modern child. To help the teacher in: It is very important to use the possibilities of the Internet in preparation and in history lessons.

"History lessons in grade 6" - Educational tasks: Self-analysis of a history lesson in grade 6. Learning new material. Lesson objectives: History teacher: Tsaregorodtseva Tatyana Ivanovna. introduce students to the Mongol invasion to Russia. From ancient times to the end of the 16th century ”and handouts in the form of a text. Homework.

"Heraldry" - Knight's Tournament. Heralds defined antiquity noble families and their privileges. German shields had a bizarre shape and are rightfully considered the most beautiful. The coat of arms consists of a number of elements. A married woman was allowed to use the form and images of her husband's shield. Helmet. Heraldic colors.

"Genealogy" - School. Mum. If you display the generations of the family from the bottom up, you get a family tree. Grandmother. Great-grandparents. Genealogy. Historical events every person, his family and people. Children. Birth. Genealogical books were kept everywhere. What historical sources will help you in compiling the timeline?

"History tests" - Question number 2. A. Catherine II. History test. You're wrong! Question number 3. Correctly! Good luck. Who was the first Russian emperor? A. Peter I. B. Paul I. B. Alexander Nevsky. Who signed the manifesto on the freedom of the nobility? Think again!

"Unified State Examination in History" - Alienated from the whole world, among the forest expanses of Siberia, the former generalissimo did not grumble at his fate and encouraged the children in every possible way. Job specification. - History: Handout of training tests / Severinov K.M. St. Petersburg: Trigon, 2008 - History. C 6. Review the historical situation and answer the questions.

There are 38 presentations in total in the topic

Today, almost half a million schoolchildren write the Unified State Examination in mathematics at the profile level - this exam was chosen by 61% of the participants in the main period. Three years ago, mathematics was divided into two levels, and if, according to the stories of graduates, almost everyone coped with the “base”, then profile level there are often problems. Last year, for example, the average score of the participants was 47 (out of 100), and every ninth student did not pass the minimum threshold. How are things going with mathematics this year and is it true that schoolchildren came across assignments that were leaked to the Internet yesterday? Five Corners talked to alumni from different cities:

“Everything was expected: the first part is easy,the second is more difficult. Absolutely nothing supernatural. Enough timeI didn’t try to write off - it’s scary under the cameras. I hope for 60+.

Roman, Biysk

“The control was not very tight. Because of the metal detectors, of course, many people had their phones confiscated. But calculators and spurs were carried through without any problems.

Karina, Murmansk

"II didn’t worry at all: all my friends were in the audience, the examiners were friendly,in general, there was no tension. When I went to the toilet, some guy askedme: "What's in the sixth?" Well, of course, I answered. We all helped each otheropportunities".

Akop, Moscow

“At 7:30 we came to the maths and solvedtasks from the Far East. And it turned out that it was not in vain - we got exactly the samethe same kim, only with different numbers. So the exam passed with a bang.

Dasha, Murmansk

“In my version there were tasks that I neverdidn't decide for two years. It was very difficult. I tried to do one like this - in the endlost two hours.

Grigory, Novosibirsk

“The exam itself is much more difficult,than a probe. But with the base, of course, it can not be compared.

Margarita, St. Petersburg

Who came up with this disgustingidea to print kims with us? Of course, I understand that the results are cleaner and more honest,but it’s unpleasant to sit in the classroom from 9:40 and wait an hour for the start of the exam. By the way, it's notthe exam turned out to be honest - yesterday Gushchin leaked assignments, and today they are for usgot caught, some straight to the point. Ready to kiss him. So the examwas easy and I got it done quickly.”

Nikita, Murmansk

“The tasks were quite expected, since I solved many othersoptions. The format of the solution was almost always the same, so there was not muchcomplicated. There was enough time - I managed to decide, double check, sleep, think aboutfuture and draw a cat on a draft. How many points I will have - I do not know. According to preliminary calculations, if II wrote correctly, 78-80 points are waiting for me.

Alexander, Krasnoyarsk

“Assignments were very similar to those that are on the Internet. I do not think that we will be forced to rewrite the exam due to the fact that many of them coincided. And on what basis? And what if we saw these tasksonly now, not in advance? Not fair"

Nikita, St. Petersburg

“Everyone was calm, the examiners even joked before the exam. In fact, a lot depends on the organizers. It is important to create a good atmosphere so that students can calm down and focus only on assignments.”

Christina, Nizhneudinsk

“The second part was expectedly difficult, but the first part, on the contrary, was unexpectedly easy. I went out, once looked at the cribs that I carried ininside pocket. Basically, nothing that interesting. Only outside the window the crows are loudcroaked, and it knocked down.

Misha, St. Petersburg

Preparation for the OGE and the Unified State Examination

The average general education

Line UMK I. L. Andreev, O. V. Volobueva. History (6-10)

General history

Russian history

USE in history: we analyze tasks with a teacher

Sergey Agafonov, co-author , methodologist of the corporation "Russian Textbook" *,teacher of the highest category:“In my opinion, half the success (if not more) in the history and social studies exam depends on the number of thoroughly analyzed typical tasks. It is the disassembled tasks, and not just the completed ones. It is important to enter events, processes, phenomena national history into the context of universal history, establishing links between different social phenomena and processes."

Evgeny Mikhailovich Polushin, teacher of history and social studies of the 1st category, 5 years of experience as a teacher, graduate of the Faculty of History of Moscow State Pedagogical University. IN AND. Lenina, Ph.D.:"Single State exam on history consists of 25 tasks. The answers to tasks 1-19 are a sequence of numbers or words, tasks 20-25 require detailed answers. Let's take a look at these tasks. The seeming simplicity of the first 19 tasks is offset by the lack of answer options, so solid knowledge is required, and you can’t count on luck.”

1. In the first task, it is supposed to be located in chronological order events related to national and world history:

1) Convocation of the first Zemsky Sobor

2) Proclamation of Charlemagne as Emperor

3) Accession of Crimea to the Russian Empire

Here it would be good to know the dates firmly: 1) - 1549; 2) - 800; 3) - 1783 and the problem is solved, but such bright events in history are well remembered at least in chronological order.

2. In the second task, you need to establish a correspondence between events and years. And again, you need to know the dates, at least imagine - about the era of the reign of which politician is being discussed. The events of our history are often correlated with the rulers of the country, why not use this in the exam? The task is complicated by the fact that there are more dates than events, that is, the exclusion method will not work here.

The date of the baptism of Russia is firmly known to any student who takes the exam in history - 988. The decree "on free cultivators" is also a textbook - 1803, the abolition of parochialism is clearly associated with the 17th century - 1682, and the 19th conference of the CPSU is Gorbachev, hence 1988.

3. The third task involves the exclusion of two abbreviations that are not related to the period 1945-1953:

1) CPSU; 2) NATO; 3) CMEA; 4) CIS; 5) SNK; 6) UN.

AT this case we will need to know that the SNK (council of people's commissars) is the first Soviet government. Its existence belongs to more early period, and the CIS (commonwealth of independent states) is currently being heard, which also does not correspond to the specified period.

4. Write the term in question:

The highest state position in the Novgorod Republic in the XII-XV centuries. he was elected at the veche for one or two years and supervised the activities of all officials, together with the prince he was in charge of administration and court issues, commanded the army, led the veche meeting and the boyar council.

According to the first words, "The highest state position in the Novgorod Republic ..." it is clear that we are talking about the tenant. In addition to the posadnik, a thousand man was elected in Novgorod, and he led the city militia as an assistant posadnik. The archbishop was the head of the church, and the prince had only military functions.

5. Establish a correspondence between events and facts:

Couple One World War- Brusilovsky breakthrough is obvious. The Battle of Austerlitz and the Anti-French Coalitions too. Prince Igor and his famous unsuccessful campaign against the Polovtsy at school are studied, in addition to history, also in the lessons of music and literature. The Battle of Klushino is unsuccessful attempt Vasily Shuisky to stop the Polish army, after which he was overthrown by the Seven Boyars, and the Poles occupied Moscow.

6. Set correspondence between fragments historical sources and their brief characteristics: for each fragment marked with a letter, select two relevant characteristics marked with numbers:

FRAGMENTS OF SOURCES

BUT)“We grant this nominal decree with our royal and fatherly mercy to all who were previously in the peasantry and in the citizenship of the landlords, to be loyal slaves to our own crown, and we reward with an ancient cross and prayer, heads and beards, liberty and freedom and forever Cossacks, without requiring recruitment collections, per capita and other monetary taxes, possession of lands, forest, hayfields and fishing, and salt lakes without purchase and without dues, and we free all the judges who were previously committed from the villains of the nobles and city bribe-takers to the peasants and all the people - imposed taxes and burdens.

B)“If any of the landowners wishes to release their acquired or ancestral peasants one by one or as a whole village to freedom and at the same time approve a piece of land or a whole dacha for them, then having made conditions with them that are recognized by mutual agreement as the best, he has to present them at the request his through the provincial noble leader to the Minister of the Interior for consideration and presentation to us; and if a decision follows from us according to his desire, then these conditions will be presented in the Civil Chamber and recorded at the serf deeds with the payment of legal duties. ... Peasants and villages, released from the landowners under such conditions with land, if they do not wish to enter into other states, can remain farmers on their own lands and in themselves constitute a special state of free cultivators.

CHARACTERISTICS

1) This document was published by Alexander 11
2) The execution of this document is made dependent on the will of the landlords
3) A contemporary of the publication of this document was A.D. Menshikov
4) This document was published by Alexander 1
5) According to this document, some duties introduced by Peter 1 are abolished
6) This document was issued by the leader of the popular uprising.

REASONING

The first fragment refers to the manifestos of Emelyan Pugachev. This becomes apparent when you look at the style - it is similar to the imperial manifestos of the 18th century, as well as the content - the promise of the abolition of recruitment kits and the return of the old cross and beards. It was the recruitment kits and the poll tax that were the innovations of Peter I.

The second fragment is an excerpt from the decree "On free ploughmen" of 1803, which, as you know, allowed the landowners to release peasants with land to the will with the consent of the emperor.

Thus, the answer is: A - 5.6; B - 2.4

7. Which three of the following events occurred in the 18th century:

1) Battle of Borodino
2) Gangut naval battle
3) defense of Shipka
4) the battle of Gross-Jägersdorf
5) Sinop naval battle
6) the battle of Rymnik

Here are quite famous battles, let's remember them. battle of Borodino- this is the war of 1812, the Gangut naval battle refers to the Northern War of 1700-1721, the defense of Shipka - an episode Russian-Turkish war 1877-1878, the Battle of Gross-Jegersdorf refers to the Seven Years' War of 1756-1763, the Sinop naval battle - the Crimean War, 1853, the Battle of Rymnik took place during the Russian-Turkish war of 1787-1791.

Accordingly to XVIII century include: the Gangut naval battle, the Battle of Gross-Egersdorf and the battle of Rymnik.

8. Fill in the gaps in these sentences using the list of missing elements below: for each sentence marked with a letter and containing a gap, choose the number of the element you want:

A) Commander of the 62nd Army, which distinguished itself in Battle of Stalingrad ___
B) The complete liberation of Leningrad from the enemy blockade took place in January ___
C) September 30, 1941 began ___

Missing items:
1) defense Brest Fortress
2) 1943
3) 1944
4) V.I. Chuikov
5) N.F. Vatutin
6) battle for Moscow

Great Patriotic War in the course of the history of Russia in the XX century. much attention is paid, and significant battles that had a significant impact on the course of the Second World War are especially highlighted. One of them is the Battle of Stalingrad, in which the 62nd Army under the command of V.I. Chuikov.

The Leningrad blockade was lifted during one of the 10 operations of 1944, namely the Leningrad-Novgorod one, while the blockade was broken as early as 1943.

On September 30, 1941, of course, the Battle of Moscow began, that is, its defensive stage, and the counteroffensive near Moscow on December 5-6, 1941 became the first major successful offensive operation Red Army in WWII.

9. Establish a correspondence between events (processes, phenomena) and participants in these events: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position in the second column:

EVENTS (PROCESSES, PHENOMENA)
A) the development of Siberia and the Far East by Russia
B) internecine war in the Moscow principality
B) Northern War
D) economic reforms of the 1960s. in USSR

PARTICIPANTS
1) Dmitry Shemyaka
2) Ivan 111
3) E.P. Khabarov principality in the second half of the 15th century.
4) A.N. Kosygin
5) G.A. Potemkin
6) B.P. Sheremetev

The development of Siberia and the Far East by Russia is associated with the name of E.P. Khabarova. The internecine war in the Moscow principality was fought between Vasily the Dark and his brothers Vasily Kosy and Dmitry Shemyaka. B.P. Sheremetev - commander of the Northern War. A.N. Kosygin - Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR.

10. Read an excerpt from the Decree of the Presidium of the Board of the Union of Writers of the USSR and indicate the last name that was omitted three times in the text:

“The awarding ___ of the Nobel Prize, in essence, for the novel Doctor Zhivago, hastily covered up by high-flown phrases about his lyrics and prose, actually emphasizes the political side of the unscrupulous game of reactionary circles ... Considering the political and moral fall of ___, his betrayal of the Soviet people, to the cause of socialism, peace, progress, paid Nobel Prize in the interest of kindling cold war, - The Presidium of the Board of the Writers' Union of the USSR, the Bureau of the Organizing Committee of the Writers' Union of the RSFSR and the Presidium of the Board of the Moscow Branch of the Writers' Union of the RSFSR deprive ___ of the title of Soviet writer, exclude him from the membership of the Writers' Union of the USSR.

In this task, the title of the novel will tell you the name of the author. Of course, this is Pasternak.

11. Fill in the blank cells of the table using the list of missing elements below: for each gap marked with a letter, select the number of the required element:

Missing items:
1) the formation of the Holy Roman Empire
2) first convocation States General in France
3) XIII century.
4) Battle of Kulikovo
5) XVII century.
6) the emergence of the state of the Franks
7) X c.
8) oprichnina
9) the beginning of the compilation of Russian Truth

The complexity of this task is that it is necessary to synchronize the events of domestic and foreign history, which is not easy for children.

11th century in the history of Russia is the creation of "Russian Truth".

The battle on the ice or the battle on Lake Peipsi - 1242, which means the XIII century, the baptism of Russia - 988, i.e. X century, and the formation of the Holy Roman Empire in 962 - also X century.

It turns out that in the XIV century. the Battle of Kulikovo took place (1380) and the first convocation of the Estates General in France (1302).

12. Read an excerpt from the Constitution of the USSR:

"Article 1. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics there is a socialist nationwide state that expresses the will and interests of the workers, peasants and intelligentsia, the working people of all nations and nationalities of the country. Article 2. All power in the USSR belongs to the people. The people exercise state power through the Soviets of People's Deputies, which constitute the political foundation of the USSR. All other state bodies are controlled and accountable to the Councils of People's Deputies. Article 3. The organization and activities of the Soviet state are built in accordance with the principle of democratic centralism: the election of all bodies of state power from top to bottom, accountability to their people, and binding decisions of higher bodies for lower ones. Democratic centralism combines unified leadership with local initiative and creative activity, with the responsibility of each government agency and an official for the assigned work. Article 4 Soviet state All its bodies act on the basis of socialist legality, ensure the protection of law and order, the interests of society, and the rights and freedoms of citizens. State and public organizations, officials are obliged to observe the Constitution of the USSR and Soviet laws. Article 5. The most important issues of state life are submitted for public discussion, as well as put to a nationwide vote (referendum). Article b. The leading and guiding force of Soviet society, the core of its political system, state and public organizations is the Communist Party Soviet Union. The CPSU exists for the people and serves the people...”.

Using the passage and knowledge of history, select three correct judgments from the list below:

1) This Constitution of the USSR was adopted during the leadership of the USSR I.V. Stalin
2) The principle of democratic centralism implies that the decisions of higher bodies are binding on lower ones
3) Article 5 of this Constitution of the USSR during the entire history of the Soviet Union has never been implemented
4) According to this passage, there is Soviet power in the USSR
5) This Constitution of the USSR was adopted by the XXV Congress of the CPSU
6) One of the articles of the USSR Constitution presented in the excerpt was canceled before the collapse of the USSR

There are several “beacons” in this passage from the Constitution of the USSR that you need to pay attention to:

1) the mention in Art. 6 about the CPSU as the "leading and guiding force" of Soviet society. This immediately indicates that we have before us the "Brezhnev" Constitution of 1977.
2) reference to the referendum.

We need to choose the right judgments. 1) - we brush aside immediately, because led by Brezhnev. 2) - suitable, because in Art. 3 is clear enough about it. 3) - not suitable, because a referendum on the preservation of the USSR was held in 1991 4) - fits unambiguously. 5) - not good, because Party congresses did not adopt the Constitution, but only the Congresses of Soviets. 6) - suitable, because 6 art. was abolished in 1990, before the collapse of the USSR, which took place in 1991.

Review the diagram and complete tasks 13-16:

13. Name the country-opponent of Russia in the war to which the diagram is dedicated:

Tasks on the historical map often cause difficulties. In this case, the map Russo-Japanese War 1904-1905 this is clear from geographical names.

14. What is the name of the commander of the Russian troops in the battle, indicated on the diagram by the number "1":

The number "1" denotes the battle of Mukden in Manchuria. General Kuropatkin commanded the Russian troops.

15. Indicate the name of the battle, the area of ​​​​which is shaded and indicated on the diagram by the number "2":

The number "2" denotes the Tsushima naval battle.

16. What judgments related to the events indicated in the diagram are correct? Choose three sentences from the six offered. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table:

1) The city indicated on the diagram by the number "3" was not surrendered to the enemy
2) The Russian squadron in the battle, indicated on the diagram by the number "2", was commanded by Z.P. Rozhdestvensky
3) The peace treaty following the war, the events of which are indicated in the diagram, was signed in the American city of Portsmouth
4) One of the defenders of the city, indicated on the diagram by the number "3", was R.I. Kondratenko
5) As a result of the war, the events of which are indicated on the diagram, Russia lost the city of Vladivostok
6) In the battle, indicated on the diagram by the number "1", the Russian troops won.

Here again we choose the correct judgments. The number 3 denotes the fortress city of Port Arthur, it was surrendered to the enemy by General Stessel in 1904. Accordingly, 1) is not suitable. 2) - suitable, because The Russian squadron was commanded by Rozhestvensky. 3) - suitable, because the peace treaty was indeed signed in the American Portsmouth. 4) - suitable, because Kondratenko is the hero of the defense of Port Arthur. 5) - not suitable, Russia did not lose Vladivostok. 6) - does not fit, near Mukden, the Russian army, rather, was defeated, and Mukden was captured by the Japanese.

17. Establish a correspondence between cultural monuments and their brief characteristics: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position of the second column:

MONUMENTS OF CULTURE
A) "The Tale of Bygone Years"
B) Tsar Cannon
C) the painting "Boyar Morozova"
D) sculpture "Worker and Collective Farm Woman"

CHARACTERISTICS
1) a cultural monument created in the 16th century.
2) a cultural monument created in the 17th century. author - I.E. Repin
4) author - V.I. Mukhina
5) author-monk of the Kiev Caves Monastery Nestor
6) author - V.I. Surikov

The Tale of Bygone Years, according to the generally accepted version, was written by the monk Nestor. The Tsar Cannon was cast by master Chokhov in the 16th century. The painting “Boyar Morozova” was painted by V.I. Surikov. The sculpture "Worker and Collective Farm Woman" was created by V.I. Mukhina.

18. What statements about this coin are correct? Choose two sentences from the five offered:

1) This coin was issued after the Caribbean Crisis
2) The monument depicted on the coin was erected in memory of the Battle of Stalingrad
3) By the time of the collapse of the USSR, the number of ribbons on the coat of arms of the USSR depicted on the coin had decreased
4) The war, in which the coin is dedicated to the anniversary of victory, began in the first decade of June
5) The monument depicted on the coin was designed by the sculptor V.I. Mukhina.

The commemorative coin depicts the sculpture "The Motherland Calls". It was created by 1967 according to the project of the sculptor Vuchetich. Again, we choose the right judgments. 1) - right, the Caribbean crisis was in 1962. 2) - right, in memory of the Battle of Stalingrad and installed in Volgograd. Here you can stop, in the condition it was required to choose two correct judgments. 3) - not true, the number of tapes has not changed since 1956. 4) - not true, the Second World War began on June 22, and this is the third decade. 5) - not true, Vuchetich.

19. Specify the photographs showing the buildings, the construction of which was completed in the same period when this coin was issued (during the leadership of the USSR by the same statesman):

To begin with, we need to remember who led the USSR in 1967, by the time the monument “The Motherland Calls!” was opened! In Volgograd. This is L.I. Brezhnev (1964-1982). This means that the building under the number 2) is suitable - the house of the Soviets, built in the late 1970s, and 3) is the house-book on Novy Arbat, built under Brezhnev.

ASSIGNMENTS 20-25

From the Emperor's Manifesto

“Immortal Glory, Wise Monarch, Dear Sovereign, Our Grandfather, Peter the Great, Emperor of All Russia, what a burden and colossal labors he was forced to endure solely for the well-being and benefit of his fatherland, raising Russia to perfect knowledge of both military, civil and political affairs , not only the whole of Europe; but the greater part of the world is an unfaltering witness. But how to restore this it was necessary, in the first place ... to teach the noble nobility and show how great are the advantages of the enlightened powers in the prosperity of the human race against countless peoples, immersed in the depths of ignorance; therefore, at that time, extremeness insisted on the Russian nobility, showing its excellent signs of favor to them, ordered them to enter the military and civil services, and, moreover, to teach noble youth, not only various liberal sciences, but also many useful arts ...
The aforementioned establishment, although at the beginning it was somewhat coercive, but very useful, was followed by all those who have owned the Russian Throne since the time of Peter the Great, and especially Our Dear Aunt, blessed memory, the Empress Empress Elizaveta Petrovna, imitating the deeds of Her Sovereign Parent, knowledge political affairs and various sciences has spread and multiplied ... We see with our pleasure, and every true son of his fatherland must admit that innumerable benefits followed from that, rudeness was exterminated in those who are negligent about the common good, ignorance was changed into common sense, useful knowledge and diligence in service has multiplied skillful and brave generals in military affairs, in civil and political affairs it has appointed people who are knowledgeable and fit for the job, in a word to conclude, noble thoughts have rooted in the hearts of all true Russian patriots boundless fidelity and love for us, great zeal and excellent zeal for Our service, and therefore We do not find the need and, in compulsion to service, which until now has been needed ...

1) All nobles who are in Our different services can continue it for as long as they wish ... "

20. Indicate the year in which this manifesto was issued. Indicate the emperor who issued this manifesto. Specify the name of this manifest:

At the very beginning of the document, it is indicated that this is a manifesto. The text of the document refers to the release of the nobles from the compulsory service established by Peter I. Accordingly, this is the Manifesto on the Liberty of the Nobility of 1762, and its author is Peter III.

21. What, according to the author of the manifesto, is the reason that forced Peter I to oblige the nobles to serve and study? In what way does the author of the manifesto see the merit of Elizaveta Petrovna? How does the author explain the reason for the decision expressed in the last sentence of this passage?

This task can be performed based solely on the text of the document. 1) The reason was the need to have an educated nobility to serve for the benefit of the fatherland. 2) Elizaveta Petrovna “distributed and multiplied various sciences” (founded Moscow University, for example). 3) The reason is that the nobility became educated and diligent in service. And therefore, there is no need to force him to it.

22. List any three measures not mentioned in this manifesto that the author of the manifesto took during his reign:

Peter III ruled for a short time, about six months, was killed by guards conspirators who elevated Catherine II to the throne, but managed to do something. Firstly, he canceled the persecution of the Old Believers (Pugachev promised the old faith, posing as Peter III); secondly, he began the secularization of church lands, which was then continued by Catherine II; thirdly, he led Russia out of the Seven Years' War by entering into an alliance with Prussia, which, in many ways, brought the wrath of the guards on him.

23. In 1990, a program was developed for the transition of the USSR to a market economy, which was called "500 days". Specify any two directions of reforming the economy that were envisaged to be carried out as part of the implementation of this program. Specify the reason for the rejection of this program by the President of the USSR:

The 500 Days program assumed a transition to a market economy, for which it was necessary: ​​1) to privatize state property and 2) to abolish centralized management of the economy, i.e. planning. Gorbachev rejected this program for fear of social unrest.

24. There are debatable problems in historical science, on which different, often contradictory points of view are expressed. Below is one of the controversial points of view that exist in historical science:

"The political activity of Prince Svyatoslav Igorevich was successful"

Using historical knowledge, give two arguments that can be used to support given point view, and two arguments by which to refute it. When presenting arguments, be sure to use historical facts.

REASONING

Arguments to support:

1) Svyatoslav defeated the neighbor of Kievan Rus - the Khazar Khaganate, to which the Slavs once even paid tribute.

2) He appointed the rulers of individual lands not the leaders of tribal unions, as it was before, but his sons, which reduced the risk of separatism.

Arguments in rebuttal:

1) Svyatoslav spent a lot of time on campaigns, leaving Kyiv without cover for the squad, which the Pechenegs used more than once.

2) Svyatoslav was defeated by the Byzantine army, having concluded a peace that was not particularly beneficial for Russia, and was killed by the Pechenegs, returning home from this campaign.

25. You need to write a historical essay about one of the periods in the history of Russia:

1) 912-945; 2) December 1812 - December 1825; 3) March 1921 - October 1928. The essay must:

Evgeny Mikhailovich Polushin, history teacher:“I decided to take the period from December 1812 to December 1825. This is the time from the expulsion of the French from Russian territory during Patriotic War 1812 to the Decembrist uprising. In this eventful historical period, in my opinion, two stand out in particular - the creation of the Holy Alliance in 1815 and the uprising of the Decembrists in 1825.

The initiator of the creation of the Holy Alliance was the Russian Emperor Alexander I, who from his youth dreamed of an international arbitration court, necessary to prevent military conflicts. The Holy Alliance was formed after the Napoleonic Wars in order to preserve the European order that was established after the victory of the anti-French coalition over Napoleonic France and the prevention of revolutions.

This union, originally founded by Russia, Prussia and Austria, gradually included almost all European monarchs. But the existence of the Holy Alliance did not bring the fruits that Alexander I had hoped for. Russia, faithful to the ideals of the Holy Alliance, suppressed the Polish uprising of 1830-1831. and even sent Russian troops to suppress the revolution in Austria-Hungary. This activity of Russia has frightened some European countries and allowed us to suspect our country of expansion plans, for example, in the Balkans, which later affected during Crimean War in which Russia had no allies. The lack of allies and international isolation were important reasons for Russia's humiliating defeat in this war.

N. Muravyov is one of the founders of the Northern Society of Decembrists and the author of the "Constitution" - the program of this society. Secret societies arose among Russian officers after the foreign campaign of the Russian army. In Europe, they got acquainted with the way of life and ways government controlled which were very different from Russian realities. The absence of serfdom, the relative economic well-being of the peasants, the officers dreamed of realizing in Russia. On the way to this, in their opinion, stood the autocratic power, firmly guarding serfdom and administrative arbitrariness. Although until the end of the 1810s, its young officers hoped for the goodwill of the emperor and dreamed of helping the authorities in reforming the country. Convinced that Alexander lost interest in reforms, the conspirators headed for an armed uprising. The northern society, created by N. Muravyov, represented the moderate wing of the conspirators, who assumed the preservation of the monarchy, provided that it became constitutional. The uprising of the Decembrists, as they were later called, took place on December 14, 1825 and was brutally suppressed by troops loyal to the government. The Decembrists had a huge impact on the further history of our country, stirring up the thinking part of society, becoming an example of disinterested service to the idea of ​​​​the country's well-being. Although there is another opinion formulated by P. Chaadaev. He did not approve of the Decembrist uprisings. He considered it senseless and even harmful, frightened and embittered the authorities, and made liberal reforms impossible in the foreseeable future. In many ways, he was right."

*Since May 2017, the DROFA-VENTANA joint publishing group has been part of the Russian Textbook Corporation. The corporation also included the Astrel publishing house and the LECTA digital educational platform. Alexander Brychkin, a graduate of the Financial Academy under the Government of the Russian Federation, candidate of economic sciences, head of innovative projects of the DROFA publishing house in the field of digital education (electronic forms of textbooks, Russian Electronic School, LECTA digital educational platform) has been appointed General Director. Prior to joining the DROFA publishing house, he held the position of Vice President for Strategic Development and Investments of the EKSMO-AST publishing holding.

Today, the Russian Textbook Publishing Corporation has the largest portfolio of textbooks included in the Federal List - 485 titles (approximately 40%, excluding textbooks for remedial school). The corporation's publishing houses own the most popular Russian schools sets of textbooks on physics, drawing, biology, chemistry, technology, geography, astronomy - areas of knowledge that are needed to develop the country's production potential. The corporation's portfolio includes textbooks and study guides for elementary school awarded the Presidential Prize in Education. These are textbooks and manuals on subject areas that are necessary for the development of the scientific, technical and industrial potential of Russia.

A letter to the editors of DVhab.ru regarding the upload of completed USE assignments in mathematics to the Internet.

The applicant is raging about the leak of assignments for the Unified State Examination in mathematics for the central regions of Russia, which took place on June 1.

Thus, according to the person who wrote to the editor, now there is a large-scale collection of petitions regarding the drain (there is evidence) and tasks that are higher in complexity than the FIPI task bank offers. Far Eastern schoolchildren who wrote themselves, unlike residents of other regions who decided on options in advance, demand to retake the exam in mathematics on a reserve day and lower their scores for admission in order to restore justice at least a little.

- I have been preparing for this exam since the fifth grade - my mother invested in a tutor, we bought all the manuals and KIMs of past years in order to prepare thoroughly. And I gave myself. In fact, the work was difficult, especially task 17. It's a shame that the students of schools in other cities simply took advantage of other people's knowledge and efforts. Now they will receive points and, accordingly, a greater chance to enter the central universities of Russia. It’s not fair,” said Gleb Razuvakin, a student at school No. 43.

Mathematics teachers in Khabarovsk schools have not seen the assignment, so they cannot yet judge the complexity. But teachers have confidence: such a large-scale throw-in to the Network could not have come from schoolchildren.

- I think that this could be done only at the level of power - not schoolchildren. They write under cameras, phones are taken away, KIMs are not taken out of the audience. Moreover, now tasks are printed from a disk right in the classroom before the exam. No kid would take that risk, in my opinion. It is difficult for us, mathematicians, to judge the complexity of the tasks this year. We see the work only after publication, because, according to the rules, teachers of other profiles are present at the exam in mathematics, ”said Svetlana Muravyova, mathematics teacher at Khabarovsk school No. 43.

The Regional Ministry of Education and Science has information about what happened at the level of network users - they read it in the news.

“It's not our department that does all this,” says Viktor Moskvin, Deputy Minister of Education and Science of the Khabarovsk Territory, head of the department for supervision and control. — We don't know KIMS. We don't see them. They are sealed and will be stored in this form until about March. We will be able to say that the stuffing was or was not when the results are published, and we will see if there are any anomalous results. Now Rosobrnadzor, which controls this, is giving information that this is not true.

— Publications of materials allegedly being somehow received assignments real USE, appear in social networks before every exam. A special Internet monitoring group captures such publications on thousands of resources and submits them for appropriate verification,” Rosobrnadzor told the federal media. “In 2018, not a single publication of real exam tasks was recorded. USE options math online before the exam. The materials published on this page also do not correspond to any of the options that were proposed. USE participants today. The control measures applied at development and delivery of examination materials allowed to exclude completely their leaks in the last five years — added in service.

It should be noted that the participants of the exam themselves confirmed the fact that the tasks were duplicated. Talk about this is actively being conducted under the YouTube video, where the analysis of the USE assignments in mathematics from June 1 is underway.

Recall, according to the information of the regional Ministry of Education and Science, examination paper in mathematics of the basic level includes 20 tasks, for the completion of which exactly 3 hours (180 minutes) are allotted. A basic level of rent those graduates who do not need. The minimum threshold is 12 points. In the Khabarovsk Territory, this exam was chosen by 5,332 people.

Vera Chebotareva, Khabarovsk news on DVhab.ru

Source - Khabarovsk news on DVhab.ru

Do you want to get the highest score? 11 on a historical essay on the exam (task 25)? But this is the FIFTH part of your final score! Then just with the help of an USE expert, learn 12 essays in the third block - the XX CENTURY!

GET YOUR 11 POINTS ON ESSAY NOW!

I hope everyone knows that to prepare a historical essay (tasks 25) at the exam is it most effective to learn 12 periods of the THIRD BLOCK (XX CENTURY), which begin in 1914 (World War I) and end in 1991 (the collapse of the USSR)?

We have for you essays for EACH of these periods from the USE expert with a complete analysis of each of the criteria FOR THE MAXIMUM! And these are your true 11 primary points on the exam!

In addition, they are written as short as possible (12-15 sentences, no more than 1 page of text), easy to remember and literally created in order to quickly and effectively repeat the material of the twentieth century with a bang!

PERIODS OF THE XX CENTURY

1964, October - 1985, March - "stagnation" / Brezhnev, "five-year plan for a magnificent funeral", Andropov + Chernenko

Your bonus will be THREE essays for periods of the early twentieth century that are not included in the third block, you can see an example of one of them with a complete analogous analysis below:

EXAMPLE OF AN ESSAY FROM THE EXPERT! EASIER TO REMEMBER!

This period of the country's history followed the period of "counter-reforms" Alexander III Peacekeeper. In October 1894, after his death, the last Russian Emperor Nicholas II, nicknamed the "Bloody" by the people, and now canonized, ascended the throne.

From the new emperor and his government, the liberal public expected concessions and reforms, but already in his first public speech, the Tsar announced "meaningless dreams about the participation of zemstvo representatives in matters of internal self-government." Indeed, in this period he continues the conservative policy of his father, in 1903 he signed the Manifesto, which provides for the preservation of the peasant community in an unchanged form. After that, a supporter of decisive bourgeois reforms S.Yu. Witte, Minister of Finance of the Empire.

Witte also strongly opposed the aggressive "Great Asian Program" of Nicholas II and the outbreak of war with Japan. He believed that the country should limit itself to economic expansion in the Far East, for this purpose he signed a secret Moscow Treaty with China, which allowed Russia to build a branch of the Trans-Siberian Railway through the territory North China- Manchuria (CER). In 1902, he personally visited the Far East, inspecting Russian communications, fortifications, and came to the conclusion that the country was not ready for war with Japan. In 1903, he defended this opinion at the Big Conference on the Far East, however, most of Nikolai's advisers (including V.K. Plehve) were for the war. They hoped with its help to destroy the competition of Japan in the development of the wealth of the region (Korea, Manchuria).

As a result of this policy, in 1904 Russia, being attacked Japanese fleet will go to war with Japan. And in 1905 he will lose it, recognizing this at the signing of the Portsmouth Peace Treaty, transferring South Sakhalin to Japan. The reaction of the people will be the First Russian Revolution.

Criteria analysis of this essay.

So why is this a MAXIMUM 11 POINT essay? We will analyze according to the criteria

CRITERION 1 (Indication of events (phenomena, processes).

Two events (phenomena, processes) are correctly indicated - 2 points!

1) In October 1894, after his death, the last Russian Emperor Nicholas II came to the throne;

2) ... in 1904, Russia, being attacked by the Japanese fleet, will go to war with Japan.

CRITERION 2 (Historical figures and their role in the indicated events (phenomena, processes) of a given period of history)

Two correctly named historical figures, the role of each of these personalities is correctly characterized with an indication of their specific actions that largely influenced the course and (or) the result of the named events (phenomena, processes) of the period under consideration in the history of Russia - 2 points!

1) King<Николай II>declared "meaningless dreams about the participation of representatives of the zemstvos in matters of internal self-government." Indeed, in this period he continues the conservative policy of his father, in 1903 he signed the Manifesto, which provides for the preservation of the peasant community in an unchanged form.

2) Witte ... signed the secret Moscow Treaty with China, which allowed Russia to build a branch of the Trans-Siberian Railway through the territory of Northern China - Manchuria (CER). In 1902, he personally visited the Far East, inspecting Russian communications, fortifications, and came to the conclusion that the country was not ready for war with Japan. In 1903, he defended this opinion at the Great Conference on the Affairs of the Far East ...

CRITERION 3 (Cause and effect relationships)

Two causal relationships are correctly indicated, characterizing the causes of the occurrence of events (phenomena, processes) that occurred in the given period - 2 points!

1) ... in 1903 he signed the Manifesto, providing for the preservation of the peasant community unchanged. After that, a supporter of decisive bourgeois reforms S.Yu. Witte, Minister of Finance of the Empire.

2) however, most of Nikolai's advisers (including V.K. Plehve) were for the war. They hoped with its help to destroy the competition of Japan in the development of the wealth of the region (Korea, Manchuria). As a result of this policy, in 1904, Russia, being attacked by the Japanese fleet, would go to war with Japan.

CRITERION 4 (Assessment of events (phenomena, processes) of a given period for the further history of Russia)

An assessment is made of the influence of events (phenomena, processes) of this period on the further history of Russia based on historical facts and (or) opinions of historians - 1 point!

As a result of this policy, in 1904, Russia, being attacked by the Japanese fleet, would go to war with Japan. And in 1905 he will lose it, recognizing this at the signing of the Portsmouth Peace Treaty, transferring South Sakhalin to Japan. The reaction of the people will be the First Russian Revolution.

CRITERION 5 (Use of historical terminology)

Historical terminology is correctly used in the presentation - 1 point!

Emperor, liberal public, reforms, "Great Asian Program", conservative politics, peasant community...

CRITERION 6 (Presence of factual errors)

There are no factual errors in the historical essay - 2 points!

CRITERION 7 (Form of presentation)

The answer is presented in the form of a historical essay (consistent, coherent presentation of the material) - 1 point!

So, before you is an essay (task 25) for a maximum of 11 points, and now you know how to get similar ones throughout the block of the twentieth century, just learn them (this is real) and get your best score on the exam.