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1 FEEDBACK From the official opponent, Doctor of Economics, Professor Elena Igorevna Artemova, for the dissertation work of Baicherova Anzhelika Rashitovna on the topic “Economic efficiency of the functioning of the veterinary infrastructure of the agro-industrial complex”, submitted for competition degree Candidate of Economic Sciences in Economics and Management of the National Economy: Economics, Organization and Management of Enterprises, Industries, Complexes: Agroindustrial Complex and Agriculture to the Dissertation Council D at the Stavropol State agricultural university» Relevance of the theme of dissertation research The effectiveness of the functioning of domestic animal husbandry is largely determined by the state of the veterinary service system, and animal diseases pose a serious threat not only to the development of the industry, but also to the health and well-being of society as a whole. Therefore, the need for integrated approaches to determining the goals and objectives, the effectiveness of the functioning of the veterinary infrastructure of the agro-industrial complex, both taking into account the accumulated experience and in terms of directions for further development, is an important problem and is discussed by researchers. different countries. From the point of view of ecosystem approaches and the growing processes of globalization, scientists consider the role of veterinary medicine in ensuring food security, preventing and combating diseases common to humans and animals, protecting environment. However, the departure from traditional views on the role and functions of veterinary medicine is associated with a number of problems. In particular, the development of methodological approaches to assessing the results of veterinary care, including from the point of view of its economic efficiency, requires development. Methods for evaluating the effectiveness of individual veterinary measures or systems for the prevention of specific diseases and treatment of animals have been developed to a sufficient extent and are widely used in scientific research and in practice. To substantiate the choice of the most effective means of animal protection, various methods are used from a survey and calculation of the expected damage to the construction of economic and mathematical
2 2 models. However, the assessment of the effectiveness of veterinary care as an infrastructural subsystem of the territorial agrarian system, as well as the socio-economic system as a whole, has not received sufficient justification. This issue is especially important in the context of the ongoing organizational and economic reform of the state veterinary service in Russia. Depending on how the results of the work of the veterinary service will be evaluated, the directions and pace of its further reform will be determined, including taking into account its role in ensuring the health and well-being of society. By virtue of the above arguments, the relevance of the dissertation research by Baicherova A.R. is beyond doubt. The importance of these problems, the lack of knowledge of certain theoretical and applied aspects in relation to modern conditions determined the logic of the work and the range of issues considered in it. Degree of justification scientific statements, conclusions and recommendations In the presented work, the author used a fairly large amount of theoretical material and statistical data. The main provisions, recommendations and conclusions contained in the dissertation seem to be scientifically substantiated and reliable, which is confirmed by a deep analysis of a representative array of information using various methods: analytical, monographic, economic and statistical, canonical correlations, system analysis and synthesis, expert survey, abstract logical, comparative, graphic, settlement and constructive. The analysis was carried out on an extensive empirical and factual base, including indicators of the development of animal husbandry and the functioning of the veterinary service 26 municipal districts and 5 urban districts of the Stavropol Territory. The choice of a system of indicators, which is the basis for assessing the economic efficiency of the veterinary service of the Stavropol Territory, is quite reasonable, and proposals for improving the organizational and economic foundations of its functioning can be used in any subject of the Russian Federation.
3 3 Reliability and novelty of scientific positions, conclusions and recommendations Reliability of conclusions and results of dissertation work Baicherova A.R. provided by the content analysis performed by the applicant, the use of a set of economic and statistical methods implemented with the help of modern computer science and there is no doubt, since the results obtained in the course of the study are based on a deep theoretical study of the fundamentals of the functioning of the veterinary infrastructure of the agro-industrial complex, identifying trends and substantiating the prospects for the development of veterinary services for farm animals in the Stavropol Territory. Scientific novelty is determined by the results obtained in the process of research and consisting in the theoretical substantiation of approaches and methodological developments in the field of assessing the economic efficiency of the functioning of the veterinary infrastructure, as well as substantiating recommendations for improving the functioning of the veterinary infrastructure (p.6). The main elements of scientific novelty include the addition and systematization of theoretical ideas about the nature of veterinary care as an infrastructural component of the agro-industrial complex and the justification of restrictions in the development of market relations based on the identification of signs of a natural monopoly in terms of public utility (c). The author expanded the understanding of the effect of the functioning of the veterinary infrastructure from the standpoint of achieving the strategic goal - ensuring veterinary well-being, which manifests itself not only in terms of the internal result (reducing the incidence of farm animals), but also in the external component, including reducing the damage caused to the environment and public health (p. 54-56). The dissertation substantiates proposals for improving the methodology for a comprehensive assessment of the functioning of the veterinary infrastructure, allowing to calculate the integrated coefficient of economic efficiency of ensuring veterinary well-being and develop a system of indicators to increase staff motivation veterinary stations in achieving strategic goals (c).
4 4 The author's attempt to identify and systematize the organizational and economic directions for improving the activities of the veterinary service deserves approval (c). Proposed by Baicherova A.R. developments in terms of price regulation for veterinary services, the formation of a single fund for the development of the regional veterinary service and the improvement of the system for planning the state task, are distinguished by novelty and originality (c). Compliance of the dissertation and abstract with the requirements of the Higher Attestation Commission The dissertation and abstract correspond to the requirements for their construction, structure and design, meet the main provisions of the Higher Attestation Commission. The study was carried out within the framework of the section “Economics, organization and management of enterprises, industries, complexes: agro-industrial complex and agriculture”, corresponds to the paragraph “Efficiency of the functioning of industries and enterprises of the agro-industrial complex”, “State regulation of agriculture and other sectors of the agro-industrial complex” of the passport of specialties of the Higher Attestation Commission under the Ministry of Education and science of the Russian Federation. The abstract and published scientific works of the applicant fully reflect the main content of the dissertation. The main results of the dissertation research were reported at international, all-Russian and regional scientific and practical conferences. On the topic of the dissertation, 12 scientific papers were published with a total volume of 12.47 p.p., including 3 articles in publications from the list of Russian peer-reviewed scientific journals to publish the main results of dissertations. The personal contribution of the applicant and the representativeness of the empirical material scientific knowledge on the development of the veterinary infrastructure of the agro-industrial complex, as one of the most important tools for ensuring food security and well-being of the population. In theoretical terms, the author's personal contribution lies in the development of the theoretical foundations for the formation of market relations in infrastructure industries and the theory of efficiency in relation to the veterinary infrastructure.
5 5 V methodological plan substantiated approaches to assessing the economic efficiency of the functioning of the subjects of the veterinary service, allowing to judge the situation in the field of ensuring veterinary well-being. In practical terms, the study has been brought to concrete recommendations that can be used by federal and regional executive authorities in the field of veterinary medicine to develop forms of effective impact on the development of veterinary services. The representativeness of the empirical material (6 years) characterizing the activities of the state veterinary service of the Stavropol Territory does not cause any complaints. Evaluation of the content of the dissertation and its completeness The dissertation and abstract are written in accordance with the requirements of the Higher Attestation Commission, reflect the logic and completeness of the study. The work is presented on 171 pages of computer text and consists of an introduction, three chapters, conclusions and suggestions, a list of references (187 titles). The work contains 19 tables, 15 figures and 19 appendices. In the introduction, the relevance of the problem under study is substantiated, the purpose and tasks of the work are formulated, and the scientific and practical significance of the research results is determined. The formulation of the purpose of the study determined the directions of scientific research, consisting in the study of theoretical approaches and accumulated methodological provisions for ensuring the veterinary well-being of the territory through the formation of an integrated system of support for the state veterinary service at all levels of functioning. The achievement of the set goal was facilitated by the solution of a number of tasks, in the process of which a reasonable scientific view was formed on the essential role of the functioning of the veterinary infrastructure in ensuring veterinary well-being, the processes of deepening market transformations in the area under study, the rationale for improving the activities of the veterinary service and methods for assessing its effectiveness. In the first chapter " Theoretical basis economics of veterinary business and evaluation of its effectiveness” summarizes the theoretical provisions, as well as
6 6 reflects the views of scientists on the issue of the essence economic aspects veterinary business, as well as the features of the functioning of veterinary services for farm animals, which allowed the author to clarify the concept of "veterinary infrastructure" and its specific features, including those of a natural monopoly nature. In addition, the author carried out their systematization, which made it possible to argue the directions for the further transformation of the veterinary business (c). The study of existing approaches to assessing the effectiveness of veterinary services enabled the author to expand the understanding of the effect of the functioning of the veterinary infrastructure, highlighting its internal and external components (c). In the second chapter " Current state veterinary care in the Stavropol Territory” an analysis of the development of animal husbandry in the region was carried out in comparison with the all-Russian trends, as well as in the context of administrative regions (p.68-72). The author also gave a detailed description of the functioning of the regional veterinary service (c), assessed the effectiveness of its activities according to the existing methodology, the results of which made it possible to clarify the directions for improving the existing methodological approaches(With). In the third chapter "Substantiation of directions for improving the efficiency of the functioning of the veterinary infrastructure of the agro-industrial complex" Baicherova A.R. an improved methodology for a comprehensive assessment of the functioning of the veterinary infrastructure is proposed, using in the calculations of assessing the internal efficiency of indicators of morbidity and mortality of animals, as the main indicators of the effectiveness of the veterinary service, and when assessing the external effectiveness of the veterinary service, it is recommended to use indicators of the economic efficiency of veterinary measures, manifested in related industries (environmental and public health) (c). Of undoubted interest are the author's proposals on the construction of a balanced scorecard for the district veterinary SBBZh of the Grachevsky district, which can also be applied in other territorial divisions of the veterinary service, taking into account the specifics of veterinary activities in this territory (c). Based on an expert survey of heads of veterinary
7 7 institutions of all territorial subdivisions of the Veterinary Administration of the Stavropol Territory, the author systematized the organizational and economic directions for improving veterinary services, taking into account the priority for certain groups of its subjects (c). Taking into account the analysis of the reform of the state veterinary service, Baycherova A.R. developed guidelines to regulate prices for paid veterinary services provided to the population (c) and to determine contributions to the unified fund for the development of the regional veterinary service (c). In order to solve the problem in the field of improving the economic conditions for the functioning of the district WBBZh, the author proposes measures to improve the planning system and increase the objectivity of assessing the implementation of the state task (c). The dissertation ends with a brief conclusion, including the main conclusions and sound recommendations that are of scientific and practical value. In general, the presented work testifies to the high qualification of the applicant as a research worker. The work is well framed, fully supplied with graphic material, presented in essence, logically sequentially, competently. However, along with the above advantages of the presented dissertation, there are shortcomings and omissions: 1. The conclusion about a favorable veterinary situation in the Stavropol Territory (p. the threat of outbreaks of African swine fever (p. 80). 2. The formula proposed by the author for calculating the integral coefficient of economic efficiency of ensuring veterinary well-being (c) does not find practical use in the work. 3. Section 3.3 proposes the standards for deductions to the unified fund for the development of the regional veterinary service, but the organizational and legal issues of its formation and the procedure for using it are not considered. 4. Improving the system of veterinary care
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The main part of all sections of the introduction in any scientific work is the validity and reliability of both the existing scientific provisions and results, and those obtained as a result of the work done.
In this section, the applicant for scientific degree must reasonably prove and bring the scientific ground under the conclusions and recommendations that the latter are not the result of false conclusions.
In order for the Academic Council to be able to ascertain the truth and expediency of the research carried out and the results obtained within the framework of a particular dissertation, it is necessary that the results be accurately confirmed for all types and classes of the subject of research on the scale of a particular object.
Under similar or not very different initial conditions on objects, approximately the same results could be obtained again.
How is scientific evidence proven?
To confirm or deny the truth, there are different ways.
- First, there must be reliable initial information about the subject of research.
This is proved by analyzing similar works on the same or extremely similar problem written before.
- The second is the use in the study of the corresponding scientific and methodological apparatus already tested before.
- Third. Confirmation by means of verification is the production of similar works on several objects of study, the result of which is similar results.
Validation Methods
Also, such methods of confirmation of reliability are quite common: analytics, scientific experiments and practice itself.
- Analytics. It is possible to use it provided that the mathematical apparatus is used to create models, i.e. describe the process in terms of numbers.
- Experimental method. Compare the obtained results: theoretical and practical. And on the basis of this, appropriate conclusions are drawn.
Subject to the confirmation (truth) of scientific results, the percentage of coincidences of phenomena with the originally constructed theory is considered.
- In addition, confirmation of reliability occurs by comparing the availability, quality and quantity of the material under study and the implementation of the experimental results obtained in practical application.
Examples of the presentation of the reliability of the scientific provisions of the dissertation
The reliability of the scientific provisions of the dissertation in the specialty 03.02.08 "Ecology":
Review of the official opponent for the dissertation
___________________________________
Full Name
_________________________________________________________________________
dissertation title
for the degree of candidate (doctor) of technical sciences in the specialty (s) ________________________________________________________________
code and name of the specialty in accordance with the nomenclature of scientific specialties
Relevance of the topic
The relevance of the topic chosen by the dissertation is not in doubt. The subject of the dissertation research, in my opinion, is... Questions... remain difficult to study, because... Currently, there is a well-known contradiction between... This gives grounds to assert that scientific problem, formulated in the dissertation, ... is relevant. The solution of this problem will allow (importance for the branch (s) of science) ...
The degree of validity of scientific provisions, conclusions and recommendations
(assessment of the validity of the results in the dissertation by the author from the point of view of the opponent)
The author quite correctly uses well-known scientific methods to substantiate the results, conclusions and recommendations. The author has studied and critically analyzes the well-known achievements and theoretical positions of other authors... ... on the issues... The list of references contains... titles.
For analysis ... the author creates a technique (model) ... that allows to identify patterns ...
The author finds an explanation for the fact ... , with which one can agree, however, it is known from the works ... that ...
To confirm the theoretical provisions, the author conducts experimental studies, the purpose of which is to establish a connection between ...
Similar results were obtained experimentally in the works..., but the conditions for obtaining them did not take into account the influence of factors... Accounting for these factors explains the discrepancies in the values...
The validity of the results put forward by the applicant is based on the consistency of experimental data and scientific conclusions. So, it was experimentally established that... A similar result was obtained when calculating the values...
The reliability of experimental data is ensured by the use of modern means and methods of research. The provisions of the theory are based on the well-known achievements of fundamental and applied scientific disciplines ... mathematics and mathematical statistics, ... In the work, the dissertation competently uses mathematical apparatus..., correctly introduces new concepts...
Evaluation of novelty and reliability
(opponent's assessment of the novelty and reliability of the results)
As new scientific results, the dissertation put forward the provisions ...:
In general, the results obtained by the author are new scientific knowledge ... branches (junction of branches) of knowledge. However, in my opinion, the conclusion of the applicant about ... This, in particular, is evidenced by the following fact ...
Also, it is premature to talk about the sufficient validity of the statement indicating ... Similar results were obtained in studies of ..., however, they showed that ...
The results presented for defense are consistent (not consistent) with the data obtained ... The well-known model obtained ... allows you to obtain the results ..., but without taking into account ...
The reliability of the theoretical results of the work is confirmed by experimental data presented in well-known works...
The main results of the dissertation were published in ... printed works, they were repeatedly discussed at various conferences and symposiums and received the approval of leading experts.
The reliability of ..., in particular, is evidenced by the examination of the data carried out ...
Comments on the dissertation work in general
1. The research did not reflect the question ....
2. The conclusion about ... is questionable.
3. There is an inaccurate statement of the following points ... .
4. Some results are descriptive (p. ...) and can be abbreviated without much damage.
The noted shortcomings reduce the quality of research, but they do not affect the main theoretical and practical results of the dissertation.
Conclusion
The dissertation is a completed research work, carried out by the author independently at a high scientific level. The paper presents scientific results that allow them to be qualified as ... (one of the points of the sign that determines the nature of the results of the dissertation). The results obtained by the author are reliable, conclusions and conclusions are substantiated.
The work is based on a sufficient number of initial data, examples and calculations. It is written intelligibly, competently and neatly framed. For each chapter and the work as a whole, clear conclusions are drawn.
The abstract corresponds to the main content of the dissertation.
The dissertation work meets the requirements of the Regulations for the awarding of academic degrees", and its author (Surname Name Patronymic) deserves to be awarded the degree of candidate (doctor) ... of science in the specialty (s) ...
Official Opponent _______________________
I certify the signature of the official opponent:
Academic Secretary of the University ___________
Official seal
the date
As noted above, in the "Regulations on the procedure for awarding ..." the argumentation of the provisions and conclusions of the dissertation stands out as necessary sign dissertation research. In addition, the clause on the validity of these provisions, as a rule, is highlighted in the dissertation abstract, and is an obligatory component in the conclusion of the Dissertation Council, which is sent to the Higher Attestation Commission of the Russian Federation.
Recall what is meant by the mentioned terms, which have much in common. Under oh justification is understood- giving convincing arguments, or arguments, by virtue of which any statement or concept should be accepted. The requirement for the validity of the acquired knowledge is usually called the principle of sufficient reason, which was first formulated by the famous German scientist G. Leibniz: "Everything that exists has sufficient grounds for its existence." Not a single phenomenon can be considered real, not a single statement true or just without indicating its basis. Reliability means confirmation, substantiation of the put forward position in any reliable way: theoretical methods, logical proof, empirical confirmation, experimental data, social practice.
Applying these concepts to the dissertation research, one can point to the following evidence of the validity and reliability of its provisions and conclusions:
Using in the dissertation the works of leading domestic and foreign scientists on the topic of the dissertation…..;
A wide information base, including state statistics, regulatory documents, materials collected and processed by the author on the basis of primary sources of information…….;
Correct use of scientific methodology, in particular methods such as….;
Publication of the main provisions of the work and their approbation ... (at scientific and practical conferences, in practical activities ... .., in educational activities etc., which is confirmed by implementation documents).
Each of these points is one of the arguments in determining the reliability and validity of the dissertation provisions, however, they all need to be deciphered and clarified.
As the first argument, it is most often indicated that the work of leading experts on the problem under study is used in the work, a list of which is given in the introduction to the dissertation and in the abstract. This is quite justified, since it shows that the author bases his position not on an empty place, but on a solid foundation of previous researchers. But this is in theory. In practice, very often this list turns out to consist mainly of members of the dissertation council, supervisor, opponents, authors of recently read or seen monographs and articles. ... It is quite possible that all these people are indeed leading experts in the field of the dissertation research topic, but, firstly, it is obvious that the list of specialists is not limited to them, and, secondly, if any author is included in this list , then it should be indicated what his contribution to the development of the problem is.
The appeal to the analysis of the literature in a significant part of recent dissertations, unfortunately, is only a “duty place”, comes down to its superficial review, and the selection of the analyzed works occurs randomly, and not systematically.
The analysis of the literature on the topic of the dissertation should be considered by the dissertator as one of the main subjects of the work for a number of reasons. First, it has an independent meaning, being one of the indicators of the scientific qualification of the author. The selection of literature, the quality of its analysis already contains information that shows the attentive reader (reviewer, opponent) how deeply the author of the dissertation understands the topic, how much he is able to identify the main thing in the position of this or that author. The study and analysis of literature should begin with a retrospective study of fundamental classical works, in which the main approaches to the problem under study are formulated, gradually moving on to newer and more specific works. This will make it possible to identify the main directions of development of the theory and practice of the studied branch of knowledge, its patterns, solved and unsolved problems, and to approach the analysis of modern publications in a qualified manner.
It is important to note that each branch of knowledge, including each area of economic research, has its own fundamental classical works, knowledge of which shows the level of scientific erudition of the author. Therefore, the dissertation should show knowledge of such works, understanding of the contribution of the authors to the study of the problem, and their significance for subsequent research.
Secondly, the study of the literature is a necessary foundation for one's own study of the problem, showing which areas of research are more developed, which problems have not been adequately reflected in the literature and need further development. This reduces the time for the researcher to repeat the path already traveled by science, it is freed up to focus on really unresolved issues, the answers to which provide the scientific novelty of the dissertation.
When analyzing the literature, one should not be limited to “catching” citations confirming the position of the author. It is necessary to carefully read the content of the original source, comprehend the position of the author, fix it and, having expressed your attitude to it (agreement, disagreement), formulate your position on this basis, i.e. based on the analysis of literature through reflection to gain new knowledge. Analyzing the literature on the topic of the dissertation, one should not be limited to one or two authors, it is necessary to analyze, if possible, all the most significant works, which makes it possible to identify common and differences in the positions of the authors, to understand their arguments in favor of one or another point of view. All this will make your own research more meaningful and effective.
The competent use of scientific methodology is important for substantiating the provisions put forward by the author.
As you know, methodology is a complex of interrelated methods (i.e., techniques, methods, approaches) and principles by which the process of studying the subject of a given science is carried out.
A method in science, in scientific activity is a means (technique) by which new knowledge is obtained or the systematization, evaluation, and generalization of available information is carried out. Thus, the method of science determines how its subject is studied, it is a way of knowing the surrounding reality.
Recall, in this regard, about some methods that were not mentioned above. First, all scientific methods are usually divided into general scientific and special.
General scientific methods include those that are used in all areas of scientific knowledge. These include, for example, the system-structural method, the functional approach, general logical techniques, etc.
The system-structural method involves the study of the internal structure (structure) of the phenomenon under study, as well as the study of relationships both between constituent parts within the phenomenon itself, as well as with related phenomena and institutions. This method proceeds from the fact that: 1) the system is an integral complex of interrelated elements; 2) it forms a unity with the environment; 3) as a rule, any system under study is an element of a system of a higher order; 4) the elements of any system under study, in turn, usually act as systems of a lower order.
functional method is used to highlight the constituent structural parts in various systems in terms of their direction, purpose, role, content of activity. The functional approach is often used to highlight the areas of activity of the state, its role as a regulator of economic relations, the formation organizational structures at enterprises, etc.
The analogy method proceeds from the assumption that there are certain correspondences between different phenomena of the same order, so that, knowing the characteristics of one of them, one can judge the other with sufficient certainty.
Modeling method. This method involves the creation of ideal images that reflect the most significant properties of the studied phenomena and processes, the study of the created models, and then the distribution of the information obtained to phenomena that exist in the real world.
General logical techniques (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, analogy, hypothesis) are used to define scientific concepts, consistently argue theoretical positions, eliminate inaccuracies and contradictions. At their core, these techniques are a kind of "tools" for fruitful scientific activity.
All of the above methods of cognition are closely related and are used by researchers in combination. Thus, analysis, i.e., the division of the whole into its component parts, makes it possible to reveal the structure, the structure of the object under study, for example, the market, industry, enterprise. In turn, synthesis involves the process of combining into a single whole parts, properties, features, relationships, identified through analysis. Thus, analysis and synthesis are considered as primary and derivative knowledge and are inextricably linked stages of the perception of scientific information.
Induction and deduction are also directly related to analysis and synthesis. In essence, induction is a process of transition of analytical knowledge into a synthesized one, since any generalizations can only claim to be true when they are based on primary true data. Accordingly, deduction can be conditionally called "reverse synthesis", since it involves isolating the generalized nature of specific information from information. In particular, knowledge general patterns reflecting economic processes in general, it allows you to make suggestions regarding the optimization of its individual components, for example, the labor market, the real estate market, etc.
Special methods are techniques and methods of cognition that are developed within the framework of separate scientific groups (for example, in the field of natural or social sciences). To special methods historical, logical, statistical, etc.
The historical method of research is based on the study of the emergence, formation and development of objects in chronological order. Through the use historical method an in-depth understanding of the essence of the problem is achieved and it becomes possible to formulate more informed recommendations on a new object.
Boolean Method research is a method of reproducing a historically developing object as a result of a certain process during which the necessary conditions its further existence and development as a sustainable systemic entity. In other words, this method of theoretical reproduction of a historical object in all its essential properties, regular connections and relationships. In the logical study of an object, one abstracts from all historical accidents, individual facts, zigzags and even backward movements caused by certain events, preserving only what is essential, necessary and natural.
The statistical method is understood as a set of interrelated techniques for studying mass objects and phenomena in order to obtain quantitative characteristics and identify general patterns by eliminating random features of individual single observations. The main methods of statistical research include observations, groupings, calculation of generalizing indicators, sampling method, analysis of time series, index method, correlation and regression analysis.