Battle of Stalingrad presentation for a history lesson on the topic. Presentation "Battle of Stalingrad" presentation for the lesson (senior, preparatory group) on the topic Presentation on the history of the Battle of Stalingrad

Battle of Stalingrad (July 1942-February 1943) On June 28, the offensive of Army Group South began. About 90 fascist divisions attacked the positions of the Soviet troops. Our troops in mid-July 1942 were forced to retreat to Voronezh, left the Donbass and took up defensive positions in a large bend of the Don. There was a direct threat to Stalingrad and the North Caucasus.

Beginning of the battle By the end of July, the Germans pushed back the Soviet troops beyond the Don. The defense line stretched for hundreds of kilometers from north to south along the Don. In order to organize a defense along the river, the Germans had to use, in addition to their 2nd Army, the armies of their Italian, Hungarian and Romanian allies. The 6th Army was only a few dozen kilometers from Stalingrad, and the 4th Panzer, south of it, turned north to help take the city. In July, when the German intentions became quite clear to the Soviet command, they developed plans for the defense of Stalingrad. Additional Soviet troops were deployed on the eastern bank of the Volga. The 62nd Army was created under the command of Vasily Chuikov, whose task was to defend Stalingrad at any cost. At the headquarters of the 62nd Army: N.I. Krylov, V.I. Chuikov, K.A. Gurov, A.I. Rodimtsev

The defense of Stalingrad In the defense of the city, factories, especially the tractor factory, Krasny Oktyabr, Barrikada, and the shipyard, were to play a huge role. The Stalingrad Tractor Plant began producing tank engines, artillery tractors and T-34 medium tanks. Tanks from the factory go to the front.

Assault on Stalingrad Trying to capture the city on the move, the fascist hordes sent all the aircraft of the 4th Air Fleet to Stalingrad. On August 23, the enemy launched the first bombing strike of colossal force on the city. In a few hours, entire neighborhoods turned into ruins.

The battle for Mamaev Kurgan Mamaev Kurgan is located in the Central District of the city of Volgograd, where fierce battles took place during the Battle of Stalingrad (especially in September 1942 and January 1943) lasting 200 days. The battle at the height overlooking the city was unusually merciless. Height changed hands several times. At the grain elevator, a huge grain processing complex, the fighting was so dense that Soviet and German soldiers could feel each other's breath. The fighting at the grain elevator continued for weeks until the Soviet army gave up its positions.

"Not one step back!" On July 28, 1942, the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR issued Order No. 227, which went down in history under the name. "Not one step back!" This should now be our main call. We must stubbornly, to the last drop of blood, defend every position, every meter of Soviet territory, cling to every patch of Soviet land and defend it to the last possible opportunity. Our Motherland is going through hard times. We must stop and then push back and defeat the enemy, no matter what it costs us. The Germans are not as strong as it seems to the alarmists. They are straining their last strength. To withstand their blow now is to secure victory for us. Can we withstand the blow and then push the enemy back to the west? Yes, we can, because our factories and plants in the rear are now working perfectly, and our front is getting more and more aircraft, tanks, artillery, and mortars. What do we lack? There is a lack of order and discipline in companies, regiments, divisions, tank units, air squadrons. This is now our main shortcoming. We must establish the strictest order and iron discipline in our army if we want to save the situation and defend our Motherland. Commanders, commissars, political workers, whose units and formations willfully leave their combat positions, cannot be tolerated any longer. No longer can it be tolerated when commanders, commissars, political workers allow a few alarmists to determine the situation on the battlefield, so that they drag other soldiers into retreat and open the front to the enemy. Alarmists and cowards must be exterminated on the spot. From now on, the iron law of discipline for every commander, Red Army soldier, political worker should be the requirement - not a step back without an order from the high command. The commanders of a company, battalion, regiment, division, the corresponding commissars and political workers, retreating from a combat position without an order from above, are traitors to the Motherland. Such commanders and political workers must be treated as traitors to the motherland. This is the call of our Motherland. Fulfilling this order means defending our land, saving the Motherland, exterminating and defeating the hated enemy. I.V. Stalin

Parties USSR Third Reich Romania Kingdom of Italy Hungary Independent State of Croatia

Commanders A.M. Vasilievsky K.K. Rokossovsky A.I. Eremenko V.I. Chuikov Erich von Manstein Friedrich Paulus

Alexander Mikhailovich Vasilevsky (September 16 (30), 1895) - December 5, 1977) - an outstanding Soviet military leader, Marshal of the Soviet Union (1943). During the Great Patriotic War, A. M. Vasilevsky, as Chief of the General Staff (1942-1945), took an active part in the development and implementation of almost all major operations on the Soviet-German front. From February 1945 he commanded the 3rd Belorussian Front, led the assault on Königsberg. In 1945, he was commander-in-chief of the Soviet troops in the Far East in the war with Japan. One of the greatest commanders of World War II. In 1949-1953 Minister of the Armed Forces and Minister of War of the USSR. Twice Hero of the Soviet Union (1944, 1945), holder of two Orders of Victory (1944, 1945).

Konstantin Konstantinovich (Ksaverievich) Rokossovsky (December 20, 1894 - August 3, 1968) - an outstanding Soviet military leader, Marshal of the Soviet Union (1944), Marshal of Poland (November 5, 1949). Twice Hero of the Soviet Union (1944, 1945).

Andrey Ivanovich Eremenko (October 14, 1892, Markovka village, now Lugansk region - November 19, 1970, Moscow) - Marshal of the Soviet Union (1955), Hero of the Soviet Union (1944), member of the Central Committee of the CPSU. In the Soviet Army since 1918. One of the most prominent commanders of the Great Patriotic War and World War II in general.

Vasily Ivanovich Chuikov (February 12, 1900 - March 18, 1982) - Soviet military leader, Marshal of the Soviet Union (1955), during the Great Patriotic War - commander of the 62nd Army, which distinguished itself in the Battle of Stalingrad. Twice Hero of the Soviet Union (1944, 1945). Vasily Ivanovich Chuikov

Erich von Manstein (November 24, 1887, Berlin - June 10, 1973) - German field marshal, participant in the First and Second World Wars. He played a decisive role in the capture of Poland in 1939. He put forward the main idea of the plan to invade France. In 1944 he was dismissed for constant disagreements with Hitler. A war criminal, after the end of the war, was sentenced by a British tribunal to 18 years in prison for "lack of attention to the protection of civilian life" and the use of scorched earth tactics. Released in 1953 for health reasons. He worked as a military adviser to the government of West Germany.

Friedrich Paulus (September 23, 1890, Breitenau, Hesse-Nassau - February 1, 1957, Dresden) - German military leader (from 1943 Field Marshal General) and commander of the 6th Army, surrounded and surrendered near Stalingrad. Plan Barbarossa.

The forces of the parties at the beginning of the operation 187 thousand people 2.2 thousand guns and mortars 400 tanks 454 aircraft (+ 200 self. YES and 60 self. air defense) As of November 19, 1942 In the ground forces 780 thousand people Total 1.14 million people by the beginning of the operation 270 thousand people 3 thousand guns and mortars 500 tanks 1200 aircraft On November 19, 1942 In the ground forces 807 thousand people Total> 1 million people.

Losses of 1 million 143 thousand people (irretrievable and sanitary losses), 524 thousand units. shooters. weapons 4341 tanks and self-propelled guns, 2777 aircraft, 15.7 thousand guns and mortars 1.5 million total

Stalingrad Front (commander - S. K. Timoshenko, from July 23 - V. N. Gordov). It included the 62nd, 63rd, 64th, 21st, 28th, 38th and 57th combined arms armies, the 8th air army and the Volga military flotilla - 12 divisions, in which there were 160 thousand people, 2,200 guns and mortars, about 400 tanks, 454 aircraft, 150-200 long-range bombers and 60 air defense fighters of Army Group B. For the attack on Stalingrad, the 6th Army was allocated (commander - F. Paulus). It included 13 divisions, in which there were about 270 thousand people, 3 thousand guns and mortars and about 500 tanks. The army was supported by the 4th Air Fleet, which had up to 1200 aircraft. The alignment of forces in the Stalingrad defensive operation

Alignment of forces in Operation Uranus Southwestern Front (commander - N. F. Vatutin). It included the 21st, 5th Tank, 1st Guards, 17th and 2nd Air Armies of the Don Front (commander - K.K. Rokossovsky). It included the 65th, 24th, 66th armies, the 16th air army of the Stalingrad Front (commander - A.I. Eremenko). It included the 62nd, 64th, 57th, 8th Air, 51st Army Army Group "B" (commander - M. Weichs). It included the 6th Army - Commander General of Tank Troops Friedrich Paulus, 2nd Army - Commander General of Infantry Hans von Salmuth, 4th Tank Army - Commander Colonel General Hermann Goth, 8th Italian Army - Commander General of the Army Italo Gariboldi, 2nd Hungarian Army - Commander Colonel General Gustav Jani, 3rd Romanian Army - Commander Colonel General Petre Dumitrescu, 4th Romanian Army - Commander Colonel General Constantin Constantinescu Army Group "Don" (Commander - E . Manstein). It included the 6th Army, the 3rd Romanian Army, the Goth army group, the Hollidt task force. Two Finnish volunteer units

Heroes of the Soviet Union Vasily Grigorievich Zaitsev (March 23, 1915, the village of Yeleninka, Chelyabinsk Region - December 15, 1991, Kyiv) - sniper of the 62nd Army of the Stalingrad Front, Hero of the Soviet Union. During the Battle of Stalingrad between November 10 and December 17, 1942, he eliminated 225 soldiers and officers of the German army and their allies, including 11 snipers.

Heroes of the Soviet Union Yakov Fedotovich Pavlov (October 4 (17), 1917) - September 28, 1981), Hero of the Soviet Union - hero of the Battle of Stalingrad, commander of a group of fighters, which in the fall of 1942 defended the so-called. Pavlov's house in the center of Stalingrad. This house and its defenders have become a symbol of the heroic defense of the city on the Volga.

Heroes of the Soviet Union Ruben Ruiz Ibarruri (January 9, 1920 - August 25, 1942) - Hero of the Soviet Union, commander of a machine gun company, captain.

Combat operations during operations "Uranus" and "Ring" On November 19, 1942, the offensive of the Red Army began as part of Operation "Uranus". On November 23, in the Kalach area, the encirclement ring around the 6th Wehrmacht Army closed. It was not possible to complete the Uranus plan, since it was not possible to divide the 6th Army into two parts from the very beginning (by a strike by the 24th Army in the interfluve of the Volga and Don). Attempts to liquidate those surrounded on the move under these conditions also failed, despite the significant superiority in forces - the superior tactical training of the Germans affected. However, the 6th Army was isolated and supplies of fuel, ammunition and food were progressively reduced, despite attempts to supply it by air, undertaken by the 4th Air Fleet under the command of Wolfram von Richthofen.

Results of the operation During the Stalingrad offensive operation, two German armies were destroyed, two Romanian and one Italian armies were defeated. 32 divisions and 3 brigades were destroyed, 16 divisions were destroyed. The troops of the Axis countries lost more than 800 thousand people, the losses of the Soviet troops amounted to 485 thousand people, including 155 thousand irretrievable. The conditions for conducting an outstanding operation were created by the Soviet troops during the Stalingrad defensive operation starting from September 1942. It should be noted that, of course, it is difficult to talk about the complete defeat of the encircled grouping - after all, a significant part of it was evacuated by air. The encircled grouping, which did not attempt to break through the internal front of the encirclement, was completely destroyed, down to the last unit. A significant number of the wounded (from the diary of F. Paulus - 42 thousand) were evacuated from the boiler by air, but Paulus does not say how many of the wounded managed to reach the "mainland". It should, however, be noted that the very word "evacuation" implies export to the rear, that is, if Paulus correctly used this word, then he meant that all 42 thousand people reached the "mainland".

The results of the battle The victory of the Soviet troops in the Battle of Stalingrad is the largest military and political event during the Second World War. The great battle, which ended in the encirclement, defeat and capture of a select enemy grouping, made a huge contribution to achieving a radical change in the course of the Great Patriotic War and had a decisive influence on the further course of the entire Second World War ... As a result of the battle, the Red Army firmly seized the strategic initiative and now dictated to the enemy your will. The outcome of the Battle of Stalingrad caused bewilderment and confusion in the Axis. A crisis of pro-fascist regimes began in Italy, Romania, Hungary, and Slovakia. The influence of Germany on its allies sharply weakened, the differences between them became noticeably aggravated.

In the photo: Flag over the liberated city, Stalingrad, 1943.

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Battle of Stalingrad “Here we will learn, in these very steppes ...” Mikhail Sholokhov

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Beginning of the Great Patriotic War On June 22, 1941, fascist Germany attacked the Soviet Union without declaring war. This treacherous act was committed despite the existence of the Soviet-German non-aggression pact. The Great Patriotic War began, which lasted 1418 days and nights - almost 4 heroic and tragic years.

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Stages I stage July 17 - November 18, 1942 - defense. Stage II November 19, 1942 – February 2, 1943 - counteroffensive, encirclement and defeat.

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Battle of Stalingrad (July 17, 1942 - February 2, 1943) On June 28, the offensive of Army Group South began. About 90 fascist divisions attacked the positions of the Soviet troops. Our troops in mid-July 1942 were forced to retreat to Voronezh, left the Donbass and took up defensive positions in a large bend of the Don. There was a direct threat to Stalingrad and the North Caucasus.

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Beginning of the Battle of Stalingrad On July 17, 1942, the advanced units of the fascist Army Group "B" in the big bend of the Don met with the troops of the Stalingrad Front. The Battle of Stalingrad began. At the headquarters of the 62nd Army: N.I. Krylov, V.I. Chuikov, K.A. Gurov, A.I. Rodimtsev

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The beginning of the Battle of Stalingrad dates back to July 17, 1942, when units of the 62nd Soviet Army came into contact in the bend of the Don with the advanced units of the grouping of German troops under the command of General Pauls. The city was preparing for defense. On the outskirts of the city, 4 defensive lines were built: outer, middle, inner and city; the total length of the built defensive lines was 3860 km. Anti-tank ditches were dug in the most important directions, the city's industry produced up to 80 types of military products. So, the tractor supplied the front with tanks, and the Krasny Oktyabr metallurgical plant - with mortars. , In the course of heavy fighting, the Soviet troops, showing stamina and heroism, thwarted the enemy's plan to capture Stalingrad on the move. From July 17 to August 17, 1942, the Germans managed to advance no more than 60-80 km. Defense of Stalingrad

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"Not one step back!" On July 28, 1942, the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR issued Order No. 227, which went down in history under the title "Not a step back!" German tank attack repulsed

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On September 13, the battle engulfed the territory of Stalingrad. The direct defense of the city was carried out by the 62nd and 64th armies (commanders - General V.I. Chuikov, M.S. Shumilov). Fighting began on the streets of the city. Stalingrad survived thanks to the resilience and self-sacrifice of the Soviet soldiers. Paulus launched his last offensive on November 11, 1942. In a narrow area near the Red Barricades plant, the Nazis scored their last success. Thus, defensive battles continued for 125 days. The enemy lost more than 700 thousand killed and wounded, more than 1000 tanks, more than 1.4 aircraft, more than 2 thousand guns and mortars.

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Trying to capture the city on the move, the fascist hordes threw all the aircraft of the 4th Air Fleet at Stalingrad. On August 23, the enemy launched the first bombing strike of colossal force on the city. In a few hours, entire neighborhoods turned into ruins. Stalingrad on fire

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August 23 was remembered by the Stalingraders: “The hum of the engines became stronger and stronger. All the sounds of the city faded, compressed, and only hummed, a humming sound poured. The Germans walked several floors, occupying the entire blue volume of the summer sky. The bombs reached the ground and crashed into the city. Houses died just as people die. Some, thin, tall, fell sideways, killed on the spot, others stood trembling, staggering. Whoever was here will never forget it. Now this city is long and gray, over which fire dances day and night and ash curls. This is a city of soldiers, scorched in battle. There are no safe places in the city for a long time. The rumble of bombardments and artillery cannonades day and night over the trembling earth. Yes, it's hard to live here, here the sky burns overhead and the earth trembles underfoot. Yes, it is difficult to live here, more than that: it is impossible to live here in inactivity. But to live, fighting, to live, killing the enemy - this is how you can live here, this is how you need to live here, and this is how we will live, defending this city in the midst of fire, smoke and blood. (K. Simonov).

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The fate of the army and the people is in his hands On August 25, 1942, by order of the Military Council of the Front, Stalingrad was declared in a state of siege. To provide practical assistance to the fronts in the Stalingrad region, the Stavka sends General G.K. Zhukov, who was appointed on August 27 to the post of Deputy Supreme Commander-in-Chief.

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The battle for Mamaev Kurgan One hundred and forty days and nights the fierce battle on Mamaev Kurgan did not subside. In the reports of the Soviet Information Bureau, the mound was called the height of "102.0". From its top there is a panorama of the city, a large section of the Volga, the Volga forests, where at that time the rear of the Soviet troops were located. The battle for the mound began on September 14, 1942. Memorial complex on Mamaev Kurgan (modern view)

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The feat of the soldiers in the defense of Pavlov's house The feat of the soldiers who defended the four-story house on January 9 Square from the fierce attacks of the Nazis is known throughout the world. 58 days and nights 24 warriors heroically defended the house. 58 days of continuous fighting, without sleep and rest. And on the 59th day - November 24 - the garrison went on the offensive and threw the enemy behind the railroad tracks. Pavlov's House

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Defense Heroes Vasily Zaitsev Yakov Pavlov Matvey Putilov Mikhail Panikakha Ruben Ibarruri

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On the morning of September 28, units of the 24th Panzer and 71st Infantry Divisions of the enemy attacked the positions of the 885th Infantry Regiment of the 193rd Infantry Division, but their attacks were repulsed. During this battle, a heroic feat was accomplished by a soldier of the 1st company, Mikhail Panikakha. A bottle of flammable liquid he raised on an enemy tank was ignited by a bullet. Engulfed in flames, he rushed to the German car, smashed a second bottle on her armor and lay down on the armor of the tank. Dying, the Soviet soldier destroyed the enemy tank along with its crew. In one of the battles in mid-October, the Komsomol member Matvey Putilov, a signalman of the headquarters of the 308th Infantry Division, performed an immortal feat. In the midst of the battle, while repairing a damaged communication line, both of his hands were shattered. Bleeding, the hero crawled to the place, breaking the communication lines, and, losing consciousness, connected both ends with his teeth. His reel, as a symbol of heroism in the battle for Stalingrad, was handed over to the best signalmen of the 308th Infantry Division.

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The house in the area of January 9 Square (now Lenin Square) occupied a dominant position over the surrounding area. From here it was possible to observe and fire at the part of the city occupied by the enemy to the west up to 1 km, and to the north and south even further. A small group of soldiers led by Sergeant Yakov Pavlov captured the house and turned it into a stronghold. The Nazis subjected the house to crushing artillery and mortar shelling, bombed it from the air, continuously attacked, but its defenders steadfastly repelled countless enemy attacks for 58 days and nights, inflicted losses on it and did not allow the Nazis to break through to the Volga in this area Very widely in the defense of Stalingrad sniper fire was used. For example, in the 284th Infantry Division, the foreman, Komsomol member Vasily Zaitsev, initiated the movement of snipers. He personally destroyed 242 fascists, and the soldiers trained by him in sniper business destroyed 1,106 enemy soldiers and officers. The German fascist command, in order to destroy Zaitsev, brought the head of the Berlin school of snipers, Major Konings, to Stalingrad. But after 4 days, he himself hit the fly of our wonderful sniper

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On November 19, in the morning, the troops of the South-Western and Don Fronts with a combined powerful blow broke through the defenses of the German army. On November 23, the advanced tank units of the Stalingrad Front entered the Soviet farm area, where they met with units of the Southwestern Front, closing the encirclement ring of the Stalingrad enemy grouping. Operation Uranus

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The counteroffensive plan was called "Uranus", distinguished by purposefulness and boldness of design. The offensive of the Southwestern, Don and Stalingrad fronts was to develop on an area of 400 square meters. km. The troops that made the main maneuver to encircle the enemy grouping had to fight a distance of 120-140 km from the north and up to 100 km from the south. It was envisaged to create two fronts to encircle the enemy - internal and external.

Battle of Stalingrad 17.07.1942 – 02.02.1943

Bow to the earth, harsh and beautiful !

The presentation was prepared by I.V. Kovaleva,

primary school teacher MBOU secondary school No. 10

200 days and nights -

the battle of Stalingrad continued

Command Soviet troops

Chuikov V.I.

Vatutin N.F.

Zhukov G.K.

Hitler and Paulus for the development of military plans.

Stalingrad before the war

Telephonist of the communications company, private M . M . Putilov

distinguished himself in battles on the Stalingrad front.

Matvey Putilov- communications officer of the headquarters of the 308th Infantry Division. In the midst of the battle, while repairing a damaged communication line, both of his hands were shattered. Expire
blood, the hero crawled to the place where the communication line was broken, and, losing consciousness, connected both wires with his teeth.

Mikhail Panikakha - soldier of the 1st company of the 193rd rifle division of the 885th rifle regiment. A bottle of flammable liquid he raised on an enemy tank was ignited by a bullet. Engulfed in flames, he rushed to the German car, smashed a second bottle on her armor and lay down on the armor of the tank. Dying, Mikhail destroyed an enemy tank with its crew.

Vasily Zaitsev - a noble sniper, The hero of the USSR

Vasily Zaitsev - sniper of the 284th Infantry Division. He personally destroyed 242 fascists, and the soldiers trained by him in sniper business destroyed 1106 enemy soldiers and officers. The fascist German command, in order to destroy Zaitsev, delivered to Stalingrad the head of the Berlin school of snipers, Major Konings. But after 4 days, he was shot dead by a famous sniper.

Mikhail Baranov - fighter pilot, The hero of the USSR

In the August days of the 42nd, the commander of the 182nd Fighter Aviation Regiment, Senior Lieutenant, distinguished himself in the Stalingrad sky Mikhail Baranov. In an unequal battle against the Messerschmitts and Junkers, he shot down 4 enemy planes, and when the ammunition ran out, he decided to ram the enemy and cut off the tail of a German car with the plane of his plane. Mikhail Baranov was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. He was then in his twenty-first year.

Pavlov Yakov Fedotovich

Yakov Pavlov - A sergeant who led the defense of a house on one of the squares of Stalingrad. The location of this house made it possible to observe and fire at the part of the city occupied by the enemy to the west, north and south at a distance of more than a kilometer. A group of soldiers led by Pavlov captured the stronghold. The Germans subjected him to continuous artillery and mortar fire, attacked with bombs from the air. But the defenders of the house steadfastly held on. For 58 days and nights they did not allow the Nazis to break through in this area to the Volga, during which time they destroyed more enemy soldiers than the Wehrmacht lost during the capture of Paris.

"Pavlov's House" 24 fighters of 9 nationalities steadfastly defended in this house for 58 days. For comparison: about occupation of France took only 44 days, and Poland - 36 days

Medical instructor from the 214th Infantry Division Marionella the Queen close people called Guley. In the first days of the war, she voluntarily went to the front. At the height of the Stalingrad battle, during a fierce battle near the Panshino farm, Gulya Koroleva carried out 50 seriously wounded soldiers. When the offensive of our soldiers bogged down, she raised the fighters to attack, broke into the enemy trenches first and destroyed 15 enemy soldiers and officers with several throws of grenades. Mortally wounded, she fired at the enemy until the weapon fell out of her hands.

The youngest defender of Stalingrad was a six-year-old Serezha Aleshkov. His mother and brother were brutally tortured by the Nazis. Serezha himself was found in the forest by soldiers of the 142nd Guards Rifle Regiment of the 47th Guards Rifle Division. Of course, the child did not participate in the hostilities, but he tried to help the fighters: he would bring bread, then water, in the interval between battles he would sing a song, read poetry. And once he saved the life of the commander, Colonel Vorobyov, by finding him under the rubble of a dugout and calling for help. Vorobyov was saved. Subsequently, he became the adoptive father of the child.
Seryozha Aleshkov was awarded the medal "For Military Merit" for participation in the Great Patriotic War.

In the farm Verbovka captured by the Nazis, a "barefoot garrison" operated. This detachment consisted of teenagers 10 - 14 years old. There were 20 of them, and they fearlessly acted against the enemy, sowing panic among the invaders. The boys were seized and brutally tortured, and then shot in front of the farmers.