1) 1839 2) 1864 3) 1870 4) 1874
2. Read an excerpt from the memoirs of I.E. Repin and indicate the names of the artists mentioned in the passage. “G.G. arrived. Myasoedov from Moscow ... with a proposal to St. Petersburg artists to join ... Partnership. When Myasoedov appeared with a proposal from Muscovites - Perov, Pryanishnikov, Makovsky, Savrasov and others - Kramskoy immediately became an ardent supporter of this cause. Then for ten years he led all the affairs of the Partnership in St. Petersburg. In St. Petersburg, many outstanding Russian artists joined the Partnership, such as Ge, Shishkin, Maximov, Bogolyubov, and others.
1) impressionists 2) avant-gardists 3) "World of Art" 4) Wanderers
3. Read an excerpt from the historian's work and indicate the name of the state. The person in question.
“The Minister of Finance was ... a railway worker ... Under him, a monetary reform was carried out, a wine monopoly was introduced, and grandiose railway construction was carried out. He successfully continued the modernization of industry begun by his predecessors. He served as minister for 11 years until 1903.
1) A.Kh. Benkendorf2) A.F. Kerensky3) M.M. Speransky4) S.Yu. Witte
4. As a result of the reform of 1861 in Russia, there were (a)
1) serfdom was abolished 2) the temporarily obligated position of peasants was abolished
3) landownership was liquidated 4) the peasant community was destroyed
5. Alexander III reigned in
1) 1825-1855 2) 1848-1883 3) 1853-1874 4) 1881-1894
6. Read an excerpt from the notes of a war correspondent and write the name of the 19th-century war. the war in question.
“Our camp near Constantinople will not be forgotten for a long time by the troops of the Skobelev detachment. From day to day they were waiting for an order - to move and occupy Tsargrad. The population was preparing flowers and flags, the Christians raised their heads... On the banks of the Bosphorus, crowds of soldiers and officers stood at the pier in the bright haze of a wonderful, fabulous city...”.
7. Read an excerpt from the historian's work and write the name of the emperor during whose reign these transformations were carried out.
“Minister of Public Education I.D. Delyanov insisted on the closure of most of the higher women's courses, and in 1887 he issued a circular forbidding the admission of "children of coachmen, lackeys, laundresses, small shopkeepers and similar people" to the gymnasium. Known as a circular about the "cook's children", it became a shameful page in the history of the Russian school. ___________________
8. What was one of the reasons for the economic recovery in Russia in 1880-1890?
1) government orders, subsidies to industrialists 2) conducting P.A. Stolypin agrarian reform
3) a ban on foreign investment in Russian industry 4) the introduction of labor assigned, sessional peasants
9. The introduction of the institution of jurors became possible as a result of the
1) Judicial reform 2) Zemstvo reform 3) Peasant reform 4) Military reform.
10. As a result of the monetary reform, S.Yu. Witte.
1) the golden ruble became the basis of the monetary system 2) the silver ruble became the basis of the monetary system
3) paper money was withdrawn from circulation 4) the circulation of paper money was restored
11. Establish a correspondence between events and the names of the generals
12. Which three of the listed changes and transformations were carried out during the Great Reforms of the 1860s-1870s?
1) the abolition of recruitment into the army 2) the restriction of corvée to three days a week
3) the creation of provincial and district zemstvo institutions; 4) the prohibition to sell peasants without land
5) establishment of a jury 6) exemption of nobles from military service
13. List the following events in the 19th century. chronological sequence.
A) judicial reform B) Witte's monetary reform C) Battle of Borodino D) peasant reform
14. In what year was serfdom abolished in Russia? 1) 1859 2) 1861 3) 1874 4) 1881
15. Which of the named transformations of the XIX century. was carried out later than all the others?
1) financial reform S.Yu. Witte 2) codification of the laws of the Russian Empire M.M. Speransky
3) establishment of ministries 4) Judicial reform Alexander II
16. A.I. Zhelyabov, S.L. Perovskaya, V.N. Figner headed
1) "Union of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class" 2) organization "Narodnaya Volya"
3) Petrashevist Society 4) Southern Decembrist Society
17. Which countries were part of the Triple Alliance " 1) Russia 2) Germany 3) France 4) Austria-Hungary 5) Italy 6) England
Test number 4 in history on the topic "Russia in the second half of the 19th century». Option 2 Pupil(s) 7-___ grade _________________________ _______________________
AT 4. Read an excerpt from the nominal decree of January 18, 1721 and write the name of the peasants in question.
“... It is allowed by our decree for the reproduction of ... factories, both for the gentry and merchant people, to buy villages to those factories without permission, with the permission of the berg- and manufactories-board, only under such a condition, so that those villages would always be at those factories inseparably" .
AT 5. Place the following events in chronological order. Write the letters of the events in the correct order.
A) publication by A.N. Radishchev “Travel from St. Petersburg to Moscow”
B) the foundation by A.I. Herzen of the Free Russian Printing House abroad
C) the speech of the Decembrists on Senate Square In Petersburg
D) the creation of the organization "Narodnaya Volya"
AT 6. Which three of the following phenomena survived in Russia in the 1890s?
3) military settlements
5) landownership
6) peasant land community
AT 7. Match the last names statesmen, high-ranking officials and names Russian emperors, during whose reign they reached their greatest power.
SURNAME OF PUBLIC OFFICERS
AT 8. Read an excerpt from the notes of a war correspondent and write the name of the19th century war in question.
“Our camp near Constantinople will not be forgotten for a long time by the troops of the Skobelev detachment. From day to day they were waiting for an order - to move and take Tsargrad. The population prepared flowers and flags, the Christians raised their heads... On the banks of the Bosphorus, crowds of soldiers and officers stood at the pier in the bright haze of a wonderful, fabulous city...”.
AT 9. Which three of the following events took place during the reign of NicholasII?
1) monetary reform S.Yu. Witte
2) the creation of the Synod
3) "Bloody Sunday"
4) transfer of peasants to compulsory redemption
5) agrarian reform of P.A. Stolypin
6) adoption of the GOELRO plan
AT 10 O'CLOCK. Establish a correspondence between Soviet legislative acts and the years of their adoption.
For each position in the first column, select the appropriate position.
AT 11. Read an extract from a historian's essay and write the abbreviated name of the party in question.
“The central point of their program is the “socialization” of the land, i.e. liquidation of private ownership of land and its transfer without redemption to the management of rural and urban communities. They put the equalization-labor principle as the basis for the use of land. They considered political terror to be the most important element of revolutionary tactics. For the implementation of major acts, the so-called. "Central terror", in the autumn of 1901 a combat group was created, which then received the name of the Combat Organization. The leader and theoretician of the party was V.M. Chernov.
AT 12. Which three of these events took place in the second half of the 1940s?
1) adoption of a draft new Union Treaty 9 republics of the USSR in Novo-Ogaryovo
2) carrying out a monetary reform and the abolition of the card system for the distribution of goods
3) the defeat of geneticists, the victory of the direction of biology, headed by T.D. Lysenko
4) the beginning of the rehabilitation of illegally repressed people
5) campaign against "cosmopolitanism"
6) suppression of workers' protests in the city of Novocherkassk
B13. Match the events with the years in which they occurred.
For each position in the first column, select the corresponding position in the second.
B14. Read an excerpt from the resolutionI Congress of Miners of the USSR and write the name of the period when this resolution was adopted.
“We demand that the CPSU be deprived of its privileged position in our enterprises and institutions as early as today. Party committees and committees of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League must be withdrawn from enterprises and institutions.
Preferential service, which goes to the released party and Komsomol workers, must be abolished. We believe that in the conditions of the formation of a multi-party system, the issue of nationalization of the property of the CPSU created by the people should be resolved, as well as real opportunities for the activities of the parties should be created.
B15. Arrange the concepts and terms in the chronological order of their appearance. Write down the letters that denote concepts and terms in the correct sequence.
B) "nechaevshchina"
D) Trotskyism
Read an excerpt from historical source and briefly answer questions C1-C3. Answers assume the use of information from the source, as well as the application historical knowledge at the rate of history of the corresponding period.
From the work of the historian B.A. Rybakov.
“In addition to the colorful and dramatic external history of the principalities and princes, this era is extremely interesting for us for those aggravated relations between the princes and the boyars, which were so clearly identified already in the time of Yaroslav Osmomysl. If we discard the element of personal gain and self-interest ... then it should be recognized that their policy of concentrating lands, weakening appanages and strengthening the central princely power was objectively progressive, since it coincided with the interests of the people. In pursuing this policy, the princes relied on the broad strata of the townspeople and on the reserves of petty feudal lords (youths, children, merciful ones), who were completely dependent on the prince, grown by them.
It should be noted that the initial phase<этого периода>(before the factor of conquest intervened in normal development) is characterized not by the decline of culture, as one might expect ... but, on the contrary, by the rapid growth of cities and the bright flowering of Russian culture in all its manifestations. It follows from this that the new political form obviously contributed (perhaps at first) to progressive development.
C1. Give the name and time frame of the historical period referred to in the passage. Using knowledge of history, name the largest political centers of this period. List at least three positions in total.
C2. Using the text of the document and drawing on knowledge of history, indicate at least three characteristic features this period.
C3. Drawing on knowledge of history and the text of the document, evaluate this period. Give at least three arguments.
C4. Name at least three main areas of reform during the period of perestroika in the USSR in 1985-1990. Give at least two examples of economic transformation during this period.
C5. The question belongs to the field of theory and historical disputes, involving two radically opposite answers. It does not solve the tasks of this site, so we skip it.
C6. Review the historical situation and answer the questions.
At the beginning of the reign of Alexander I, his main task in the field foreign policy seen in the struggle against Napoleonic France. In this matter, the king was principled and firm. However, in 1807, Alexander I was forced to sign a peace treaty with Napoleon in Tilsit.
What was the attitude of the nobility, merchants to the signing, the terms of the Tilsit peace treaty? How did their attitude towards Alexander I change? (Give at least two positions).
What explained such an attitude of the nobility, merchants to the signing, the terms of the Tilsit peace treaty? (Give at least two reasons.)
C7. Compare the situation of peasants, peasant farms in the 1870s. and in 1907 - 1914.
Indicate what was common (at least two general characteristics) and what is different (at least three differences).
At night, patrols walked along the narrow streets of Istanbul, their hoods low, because the Ottoman government itself wanted to keep the people from the Russians who might be present at the entry or because of their unrest. It seemed a wild idea even to our enemies to stop at the gates of the capital and not occupy it, even if only temporarily. On the banks of the Bosphorus, crowds of soldiers and officers stood at the pier in the bright haze of a wonderful, fabulous city, sparkling ahead under a cloudless sky full of silence and bliss. At our very feet, with a poetic noise, the blue waves of the Sea of Marmara broke. A white beacon rose proudly from its frothy mass. Further, in the azure expanse, the islands of Princes, full of unprecedented luxury, shone, far, far beyond Marmara, the Asian shore seemed a little with its snowy peaks. It would be possible. think they were silver clouds, if they weren't so motionless. Directly to the north was Byzantium, with its countless mosques and palaces. That Byzantium, about which so painfully, as if suffocating in its boundless expanse, for so many centuries Russia, seeking an outlet to the southern sea, dreamed of, that Byzantium, to which, right or wrong, but constantly striving the best people Slavic world. We could distinguish the white marble walls of its stalls, and the thin minarets of its countless jamias, and the majestic domes of Sophia, Iseddin, Omar, Murad, Bayezid, around which a cobweb carved from stone hung with light lace. Tens of thousands of roofs and towers crawled up its hills and were lost in the dark patches of cypress groves, in the green clouds of gardens. This Rome of the European East, this Rome of the Slavs, for which so many tears and blood were shed, so much that, it seemed, would merge together - they would flood it to the very tops of Muslim temples, to the very towers of the Seraxeriata and Galata . At night, admiring glances turned to the same place, myriads of lights lit up on this shore, as if some legendary monster lay there by the quiet, caressing waves of the Bosphorus, guarding it with its countless fiery eyes. We constantly traveled to Constantinople. The military, of course, put on civilian clothes, imagining something so ridiculous that at the mere sight of each other they began to laugh uncontrollably. I have already lived in the Grande Hoyel de Luxemburg. One morning I was still in bed when someone knocked on my door.
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Oddly enough, I can testify that I am in St. George (near Byzantium) saw Skobelev burst into tears, speaking of Constantinople, that we were wasting time and the results of an entire war without occupying it.
“Now it’s impossible to borrow, after peace.
- What a world it is. Is this what we should have expected?
Indeed, when even the Turks erected masses of new fortifications around Constantinople, Skobelev several times made exemplary attacks and maneuvers, occupied these fortifications, showing the full possibility of capturing them without great losses. Once in this way he burst in and took the key of the enemy positions, from which the askers looked at him, doing nothing. At times, Skobelev then more vividly than others felt all the absurdity of our generosity or cowardice, call it what you will, more vividly because he understood better than anyone that real strength at any kind of congresses can only be given to us by the possession of Constantinople.
“I would call a congress here and preside over it myself. And around three hundred thousand bayonets just in case. Then we could talk!
— And if Europe went against us?
There are moments in history when it is impossible, even criminal, to be prudent, that is, too cautious. Our honor does not allow us to retreat. We need to wait a few more centuries for circumstances to develop as favorably as they do now. You think the bulldogs will climb to fight with us. Never. They will only rip off the courtship in the form of a piece of Syria. Yes, finally, now there is no time to argue. We are here, this is ours. And we must defend this ours to the last drop of blood.
“You don’t think that Constantinople will become a Russian city now.
“I am not a diplomat. I don't know why it shouldn't be a free city with a Russian garrison. As for the coalition, it is not as easy to form it as you think. Firstly, there is no one yet and it is unprofitable to fight with us. Of course, if we become cowardly, then we will get to the coalition. So far, I don't see the need for it. Imagine what Europe would say if, in view of its demands, insulting to our people's honor, the sovereign would turn to his people.
— And so. I would have called my people, and said: I brought the Russian cause to the end, now all of Europe is up in arms against us. I leave the matter in your hands. What an explosion of patriotism would follow, what unprecedented forces would appear. And wouldn't the sentimental maidens of European diplomacy retreat from our people's will, from our nationwide defense of their own against all attempts.
Saying that he was not a diplomat, Skobelev was very modest. In Constantinople, he was so able to get along with Layard that no one knows in what ways, but he knew the whole ins and outs of English calculations, hopes and intrigues. Layard - this enemy of ours par excellence, doted on Skobelev, the English colony of Constantinople carried him almost in their arms. He was the idol even of the women belonging to this colony. They were all for him.
“I must say frankly that I hate Russians!”
one of them met him when Skobelev was introduced to her.
“And I only see beauty in beauty.” And bowing before her, I don’t think what nation she belongs to.
Skobelev answered her.
At breakfasts at Skyler's, at dinners at Layard's, Skobelev got acquainted with the British and deduced one thing:
“They themselves are afraid, they themselves are not ready for war at all. They, like gamblers, will be decisive, but only until the decisive moment. When it comes, they won't do anything.
On this day, when he visited me in Constantinople, he was especially excited.
“We only have one thing left,” he said.
“Either move into the ranks of minor powers and lose all their importance, or go to any lengths. Sometimes defeat is not so fatal, so terrible, as the consciousness of one's humiliation, one's powerlessness. You know, if we now retreat, if we shamefully play the role of a vassal before Europe, then this essentially victorious war will deal us a much stronger blow than Sevastopol. Sevastopol woke us up. 1878 will make you fall asleep. And once we fall asleep, when we wake up, only Allah knows, and even he will not tell anyone.
Bad, bad. Under Plevna I felt better than now. Dude, let's go outside. Let's go have breakfast at McGahan's.
I got dressed and we left.
Before we had time to take a few steps along the Grande rue de Pera. how to meet us - something quite unusual in dress. A red fez on the head, a torn officer's Russian frock coat, an officer's Turkish coat on top. Skobelev even forgot what he represented in this moment peaceful civilian.
“That's who you are.
"Aren't you ashamed to dress like that?" Aren't you ashamed. Well, if you go out, then you would not put on an enemy uniform. Shame. And these are Russians. he turned to me as we approached the Hotel d'Angletter. where MacGahan stood.
And you know,” he turned to me a little later, “perhaps he, the poor man, simply had nothing to wear. I am terribly sorry for my outburst. How do you get into the soul of a prisoner. He suffered here, go. Why did I cut it off?
I'm terribly ashamed!
he spoke again, this time at McGahan's. Do, for my sake, what I ask you," he turned to me.
How much money do we all have? I have twenty gold pieces, that's not enough. However, I'll borrow from McGahan.
I took the same amount or more from him, I don’t remember.
“Go to Seraskeriat, where our prisoners are, there are three or four officers and a few soldiers, and give them this.
“And he handed me forty or fifty half-imperials.
“Most importantly, express my regret to them. Say I'm sorry. You can do it. I would do it, but I'm not allowed to show myself in the Seraskeriat.
I mounted the first horse I came across, which replaces cab drivers on the streets of Constantinople, and rode to the Turkish part of the city of Istanbul. He barely made it to Seraskeriat. Masses of troops gathered there for some reason. In Seraskeriat he turned to the officials. At first, they didn’t even move their ears, but when they learned that I was Russian, they immediately changed their address.
“You need permission from Reuf Pasha to see the prisoners.
9 Luxembourg Hotel. (Ed.)
- Who is it? I ask.
— Girardet! - answered me.
And he survived it. He, the sick old man, this young man full of life and strength.
Our camp near Constantinople will not be forgotten for a long time by the troops of the Skobelev detachment. From day to day, the order was given - to move and occupy Tsargrad. The Turks were already clearing their barracks for troops there. The population prepared flowers and flags, the Christians raised their heads, on the Asian beret of the Bosphorus they finished the palace for the Sultan.
At night, patrols walked along the narrow streets of Istanbul, their hoods low, because the Ottoman government itself wanted to keep the people from the Russians who might be present at the entry or because of their unrest. It seemed a wild idea even to our enemies to stop at the gates of the capital and not occupy it, even if only temporarily. On the banks of the Bosphorus, crowds of soldiers and officers stood at the pier in the bright haze of a wonderful, fabulous city, sparkling ahead under a cloudless sky full of silence and bliss. At our very feet, with a poetic noise, the blue waves of the Sea of Marmara broke. A white beacon rose proudly from its frothy mass. Further, in the azure expanse, the islands of Princes, full of unprecedented luxury, shone, far, far beyond Marmara, the Asian shore seemed a little with its snowy peaks. It would be possible. think they were silver clouds, if they weren't so motionless. Directly to the north was Byzantium, with its countless mosques and palaces. That Byzantium, about which so painfully, as if suffocating in its boundless expanse, Russia, seeking an outlet to the southern sea, dreamed for so many centuries, that Byzantium, to which, right or wrong, the best people of the Slavic world constantly aspired. We could distinguish the white marble walls of its stalls, and the thin minarets of its countless jamias, and the majestic domes of Sophia, Iseddin, Omar, Murad, Bayezid, around which a cobweb carved from stone hung with light lace. Tens of thousands of roofs and towers crawled up its hills and were lost in the dark patches of cypress groves, in the green clouds of gardens. This Rome of the European East, this Rome of the Slavs, for which so many tears and blood were shed, so much that, it seemed, would merge together - they would flood it to the very tops of Muslim temples, to the very towers of the Seraxeriata and Galata . At night, admiring glances turned to the same place, myriads of lights lit up on this shore, as if some legendary monster lay there by the quiet, caressing waves of the Bosphorus, guarding it with its countless fiery eyes. We constantly traveled to Constantinople. The military, of course, put on civilian clothes, imagining something so ridiculous that at the mere sight of each other they began to laugh uncontrollably. I already lived in the Grande Hoyel de Luxemburg
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One morning I was still in bed when someone knocked on my door.
I see Skobelev in civilian clothes.
“This is how Russian generals should appear in a conquered city. You know, I still don't believe it. It seems to me that even our diplomacy will finally come to its senses. From day to day I am waiting for the order to enter Constantinople.
“They say our troops are not ready.
- I don't know whose it is. I have forty thousand under arms. I can be here in three hours. Shame, shame.
Oddly enough, I can testify that I am in St. George (near Byzantium) saw Skobelev burst into tears, speaking of Constantinople, that we were wasting time and the results of an entire war without occupying it. “Now it’s impossible to borrow, after peace. - What a world it is. Is this what we should have expected?
You will see that at the cost of our blood we will give everything to the enemies of Russia and get nothing ourselves. Finally, what are they ashamed of? I directly suggested to the Grand Duke: to arbitrarily take Constantinople with my detachment, and the next day let me be put on trial and shot, so long as they don’t give it away. I wanted to do this without warning, but who knows what kinds and assumptions there are. Maybe this will come true.
1) 1839 2) 1864 3) 1870 4) 1874
2. Read an excerpt from the memoirs of I.E. Repin and indicate the names of the artists mentioned in the passage. “G.G. arrived. Myasoedov from Moscow. with a proposal to St. Petersburg artists to join the Partnership. When Myasoedov appeared with a proposal from Muscovites - Perov, Pryanishnikov, Makovsky, Savrasov and others - Kramskoy immediately became an ardent supporter of this cause. Then for ten years he led all the affairs of the Partnership in St. Petersburg. In St. Petersburg, many outstanding Russian artists joined the Partnership, such as Ge, Shishkin, Maximov, Bogolyubov, and others.
3. Read an excerpt from the historian's work and indicate the name of the state. The person in question.
“He became the Minister of Finance. railway worker. Under him, a monetary reform was carried out, a wine monopoly was introduced, and a grandiose railway construction was carried out. He successfully continued the modernization of industry begun by his predecessors. He served as minister for 11 years until 1903.
1) A.Kh. Benkendorf2) A.F. Kerensky3) M.M. Speransky4) S.Yu. Witte
4. As a result of the reform of 1861 in Russia, there were (a)
1) serfdom was abolished 2) the temporarily obligated position of peasants was abolished
3) landownership was liquidated 4) the peasant community was destroyed
5. Alexander III reigned in
1) 1825-1855 2) 1848-1883 3) 1853-1874 4) 1881-1894
6. Read an excerpt from the notes of a war correspondent and write the name of the 19th-century war. the war in question.
“Our camp near Constantinople will not be forgotten for a long time by the troops of the Skobelev detachment. From day to day they were waiting for an order - to move and occupy Tsargrad. The population prepared flowers and flags, the Christians raised their heads. On the banks of the Bosphorus, crowds of soldiers and officers stood at the pier in the bright haze of a wonderful, fabulous city. ".___________________________________________________
7. Read an excerpt from the historian's work and write the name of the emperor during whose reign these transformations were carried out.
“Minister of Public Education I.D. Delyanov insisted on the closure of most of the higher women's courses, and in 1887 he issued a circular forbidding the admission of "children of coachmen, lackeys, laundresses, small shopkeepers and similar people" to the gymnasium. Known as a circular about the "cook's children", it became a shameful page in the history of the Russian school. ___________________
8. What was one of the reasons for the economic recovery in Russia in 1880-1890?
1) government orders, subsidies to industrialists 2) conducting P.A. Stolypin agrarian reform
3) a ban on foreign investment in Russian industry 4) the introduction of labor assigned, sessional peasants
9. The introduction of the institution of jurors became possible as a result of the
1) Judicial reform 2) Zemstvo reform 3) Peasant reform 4) Military reform.
10. As a result of the monetary reform, S.Yu. Witte.
1) the golden ruble became the basis of the monetary system 2) the silver ruble became the basis of the monetary system
3) paper money was withdrawn from circulation 4) the circulation of paper money was restored
11. Establish a correspondence between events and the names of the generals
12. Which three of the listed changes and transformations were carried out during the Great Reforms of the 1860s-1870s?
1) the abolition of recruitment into the army 2) the restriction of corvée to three days a week
3) the creation of provincial and district zemstvo institutions; 4) the prohibition to sell peasants without land
5) establishment of a jury 6) exemption of nobles from military service
13. List the following events in the 19th century. chronological sequence.
A) judicial reform B) Witte's monetary reform C) Battle of Borodino D) peasant reform
14. In what year was serfdom abolished in Russia? 1) 1859 2) 1861 3) 1874 4) 1881
15. Which of the named transformations of the XIX century. was carried out later than all the others?
1) financial reform S.Yu. Witte 2) codification of laws Russian Empire MM. Speransky
3) establishment of ministries 4) Judicial reform of Alexander II
16. A.I. Zhelyabov, S.L. Perovskaya, V.N. Figner headed
1) "Union of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class" 2) organization "Narodnaya Volya"
3) Petrashevist Society 4) Southern Decembrist Society
17. Which countries were included in Triple Alliance» 1) Russia 2) Germany 3) France 4) Austria-Hungary 5) Italy 6) England
Test number 4 in history on the topic "Russia in the second half of the 19th century». Option 2 Pupil(s) 7-___ grade _________________________ _______________________
My book is not a biography of Skobelev, but a series of memoirs and passages written under the living impression of the heavy loss of this remarkable man. Between them there are sketches, which may be found too small. It seemed to me that in such a complex character as Skobelev, every detail should count when I cited the views of the deceased on various issues of our public life. You can disagree with his beliefs, but you can’t remain silent about them. I regret that the conditions in which the Russian writer has to work do not allow us to outline Skobelev's convictions in their entirety: they would largely change the opinion that has been established about him. At the same time, I had to use my old ‘diary’ and repeat several pages from it. This could not be avoided at all. Author.
SETTINGS.
V. I. Nemirovich-Danchenko
I already said in the first edition of this book that it is not a biography of Skobelev, but a series of memoirs and passages written under the living impression of the heavy loss of this in the highest degree wonderful person. Between them there are sketches, which, perhaps, will be found too small. It seemed to me that in such a complex character as Skobelev, every detail should be counted. Here and there I cited the views of the deceased on various questions of our public life. You can disagree with his beliefs, but you can’t remain silent about them. I regret once again that the conditions under which a Russian writer has to work do not allow us to outline Skobelev's convictions in their entirety.
He was not a Slavophile in the narrow sense, that's for sure. He went far beyond the framework of this direction, they seemed to him too cramped. He was dear to our national and Slavic cause. His heart lay with his native tribes. He felt a living connection with them, but that was where his resemblance to today's Slavophiles ended. He had completely different views on the state structure, on the rights of individual tribes, on many internal issues. If a nickname is needed, then he was more likely a populist. In a letter I received from his chief of staff, General Dukhonin, after Skobelev’s death, it is reported, among other things, that on one of his last meetings with him, Mikhail Dmitrievich repeated several times: ‘We, the Slavophiles, must come to an agreement, enter into an agreement with ‘Voice’. 'Voice' is right about a lot of things. This cannot be denied. From mutual irritations and our squabbles - only harm to Russia. He repeated the same thing to us more than once, saying that in such a difficult time that our fatherland is now experiencing, all people of thought and heart need to unite, create a common slogan for themselves and fight together against the dark forces of ignorance. Slavophilism was understood by the deceased not as a return to the old ideals of pre-Petrine Russia, but only as a service exclusively to his people. Russia for Russians, Slavdom for Slavs. That's what he repeated throughout. Take from the West everything that the West can give, use the lessons of its history, its science, but then displace any dominance of alien elements, unleash servility to Europe, with a somewhat ridiculous reverence for its diplomats and leaders. ‘The student is not a lackey,’ he repeated. - To study - I understand, but why kiss the hand at the same time. They are not ours, in many cases they were our enemies. And enemies are the best professors. Peter borrowed them from the Swedes military science, but he did not go into vassalage to them. I can't stand the Germans, but I learned a lot from them too. And while borrowing information from them, I still won’t be in awe of them, and I won’t go in tow from them. Of course, I'm not talking about contempt for foreigners. It would be stupid. To despise the enemy is the most dangerous tactic. But they must be taken into account. There are friends among strangers, but we should not be sentimental about this friendship. It is as long as we have common enemies with them. Change the state of affairs, and there will be no friendship. I repeat: learn and borrow from them everything that is possible, but at home we will settle down as it is better and more convenient for us. No one was more surprised than Skobelev at the mutual intolerance of different literary trends we have. He could not get used to the idea that in the absence of political life and freedom in the country, the struggle of ideas turns into a separate struggle of individuals. It seemed to him possible for everyone to unite, to draw up a common program, to direct common efforts towards one goal. With a somewhat comical even seriousness, he advised: first you work together and in love to defend the right to your existence, to win your freedom, and then divide into parties, into circles. The future ideal of the state structure of the Slavic peoples was for him a union of autonomies, with a huge and strong Russia in the center. All of them inside do what you want and live as you want, but the military forces, customs, coin should be common. All for one and one for all. Once again I must express my deep regret that the ideas and plans of this statesman are much more freely written and spoken abroad than here. The miserable position of the native writer in this respect is beyond comparison, and therefore we willy-nilly confine ourselves to what has been said here.
Preparing for the exam in history
Part BTask 4, 8, 11, 14
Working with the source
Read the passage from "The Life of Sergius of Radonezh" and write what battle is in question.
“... The battle began, and many fell, but helpedGod to the great and victorious Dmitry, and
were defeated ... the Tatars, and the complete defeat
have undergone...
Grand Duke Dmitry, having won a glorious victory,
came to Sergius, bringing gratitude for
good advice, glorified God and a great contribution to
gave the monastery.
Answer:
Battle of Kulikovo
Read an excerpt from the work of the historian N.M. Karamzin and name the sovereign in question.
“... born and raised by a tributary of the steppeHordes, became one of the famous sovereigns in
Europe:
without
doctrine,
without
instructions
guided only by the natural mind, by force
and cunning restoring freedom and integrity
Russia, destroying the kingdom of Batyevo, squeezing Lithuania,
crushing the liberty of Novgorod, capturing
destinies, expanding the possessions of Moscow ... (He) as
the man did not have the amiable qualities of Monomakh,
nor Donskoy, but stands like a sovereign on the highest
steps of greatness.
Answer:
Ivan III
Read the extract from the historian's work and write the name of the king in question.
“After the return of Filaret from Polish captivity andelevation to the rank of Moscow Patriarch with the title
great sovereign (1619), the actual
dual power. Although the name of the king was in the documents on
first place, but actually experienced and solid
Filaret played a greater role in governance than his
son. From 1619, he actually ruled for his son until
until his death."
Answer:
Mikhail Romanov
Read an excerpt from a historian's work and name the church figure in question.
“In 1655, on the week of Orthodoxy, the patriarch performed inAssumption Cathedral solemn service in
presence of two Eastern Patriarchs, Antioch and
Serbian, which happened then in Moscow. After Liturgy
he, having read the conversation about the worship of icons, said
strong speech against the new Russian icon painting and betrayed
excommunication of all who henceforth will write or
keep new icons. At the same time, they brought him
selected icons, and he, showing each people,
threw it on the iron floor with such force that the icon
crashed. Finally, he ordered to burn the defective
icons."
Answer:
Nikon
Read an extract from a modern historian's work and write the name of the patriarch in question.
“Exiled to the Ferapontov Monastery on Beloozeroin the rank of a monk, he outlived his
"Sobin's friend" Alexei Mikhailovich. All the years
spent in the monastery, he hoped for
the resumption of the former friendship of the king, who humanly experienced a break and persecution against him,
repeatedly asked for blessings for himself
and your family. In 1676, Tsar Alexei died
Mikhailovich, and in 1681 the Patriarch was allowed
return to the New Jerusalem Monastery, but
death got in the way."
Answer:
Nikon
Read an excerpt from the work of the historian V.O. Klyuchevsky and name the Russian sovereign to whom this characteristic refers.
"Fromhim, a native of continental Moscow, came out true
a sailor who needed sea air like a fish needs water.
Throwing the Kremlin mansions, he also brought out the strained splendor
former court life Moscow tsars. With him in all
Europe, except the court of the Prussian king-miser Friedrich
Wilhelm I could argue in simplicity with Petersburg;
not without reason did he compare himself with this king and say that they
both do not like extravagance and luxury. With him it was not visible in
palace, no chamberlains, no chamber junkers, no expensive dishes.
The usual servant of the king consisted of 10-12 young nobles,
mostly of humble origin, called
batmen."
Answer:
Peter the First
Read an excerpt from the nominal decree of January 18, 1721 and write the name of the peasants in question.
“... It is allowed by this our decree forbreeding ... factories, both to the gentry and
merchant people, to those factories of the village
buy freely with the permission of berg- and
manufactories-colleges, only under such
condition, so that those villages will always be already
at those factories is inseparable.
Answer:
Possession peasants
Read the extract from the historian's work and write the name of the statesman in question.
“In his misfortune, he, to the surprise of everyone, showedextraordinary fortitude. Aloof from everything
world, among the forest expanses of Siberia, the former
the generalissimo did not grumble at his fate and in every possible way
encouraged the children. On the steep bank of the river with the help of their
servants he built a house and a church. For the former master
Russia quietly passed the days in a modest house in a harsh
edge.
He lived in Siberian exile for less than a year and a half, 12
November 1729 he died and was buried in the
church next to his daughter. So finished my
earthly path one of the prominent state
figures of the 18th century.
».
Answer:
Menshikov
10. Read an excerpt from the work of the historian N.M. Karamzin and name the empress in question.
“The Russians praised her reign: sheshowed them more confidence than
to the Germans; restored the power of the Senate,
canceled death penalty had a passion for
fun and tender verses. With her was
opened Moscow University.
Answer:
Elizaveta Petrovna
11. Read an excerpt from the historian's work and name the empress in question.
“I began my reign with the fact that ... generously endowedparticipants palace coup. In February 1764
was
implemented
secularization
(appeal
state church property, mainly
land,
in
secular)
church
land ownership.
The Empress makes extensive use of the tacking policy.
For
disguise
his
pro-noble,
pro-serfdom
politicians
she is
uses
political, economic and philosophical concepts
Western European enlighteners, widely advertising
my
correspondence
with
most
bright
educators of that time. It created about her
opinion as an enlightened and humane monarch."
Answer:
Catherine II
12. Read an excerpt from the work of M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin and write what the duty of serfs was called in the 19th century, about which there is a
Read an excerpt from the essayM.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin and write as in
19th century called duty
serfs in question
“The landowner completely took possession / the peasant / in his favor
and gives him control over himself only in fits and starts. By
holidays (and on weekdays only at night) men and women
free to manage at home, and then, while / serfs
peasants / languish in the fields of the landowner, boys and
girls work at home light work: dry hay, knit
sheaves ... There is almost no that minute in the day to
/ landlord / fields were not in full swing; three hours within
day and a little more during the night - that's all that
remains for the peasant to rest.
Answer:
corvee
13. Read the passage from the letter and write the name of the 19th century war the consequences of which are being discussed.
“I have been in our unfortunate Moscow for five days.Oh, Grisha, my dear, you can't imagine
you can that Moscow has become, recognize it
it is impossible to see these without tears
ruins. Walls remained from stone houses, and from
wooden stoves stick out. Imagine what
wonder that mama's house survived ... and the settlements
as it was not, everything burned out ... "
Answer:
Patriotic
14. Read an excerpt from a historian's work and write the name of the representatives of social thought in question
“Component… of unity/representativespublic thought / was ... cramped
attachment to Moscow and the Moscow
university, with which almost
all the most prominent / representatives of this
directions/, Khomyakov was a candidate
university, the Kireevsky brothers took lessons from
university professors, course
"students" in different years were K. Aksakov,
A. Koshelev, Y. Samarin, D. Valuev…”
Answer:
Slavophiles
15. Read an excerpt from the letter of the emperor and write the name of the 19th century war, the events of which are being discussed.
“You probably already know, dear Gorchakov, aboutthe beginning of the bombardment of Sevastopol and that this first
attempt, despite its immensity, thanks to God,
safely sustained by a glorious garrison, and even without
great loss, if, unfortunately, it did not cost us
dear and venerable Adjutant General Kornilov,
who died a heroic death. This loss is unspeakably heavy.
me, for on him rested my hope, not only in
current, but also for the future structure of the Black Sea
fleet, by its rare virtues. But be the will of God.
Now all hope is in the spirit of the troops. Nicholas I.
Answer:
Crimean
16. Read an excerpt from the notes of a war correspondent and write the name of the war that took place in the 19th century in question
“Our camp at Constantinople is not longforget the troops of the Skobelev detachment. From the day
for a day they waited for an order - to move and occupy
Tsargrad. The population prepared flowers and flags,
Christians raised their heads... On the banks
Bosphorus crowds of soldiers and officers stood at
pier in the bright haze of the wonderful,
fabulous city…
Answer:
Russian-Turkish
17. Read the testimony of K.P. Pobedonostsev and write the name of the emperor who held the meeting described
“When they turned to me, I could no longer restrainexcitement of indignation. Explaining all the falsehood / project
Loris-Melikova /, I said that shame and disgrace cover
face when you think at what moments we are talking about it
we argue when the corpse lies still unburied
our Sovereign. And who is guilty of that? What did we do
all this time and in the reign / Alexander II /?
We talked and talked... and the freedom given to them became
lies. And in last years- in the years of explosions and mines, which
we did to guard it? We spoke and
only…"
Answer:
Alexander the Third
18. Read an excerpt from a historian's work and write the name of the emperor in whose reign these transformations were carried out
"Ministerpopular
enlightenment
I.D.Delyanov
insisted
on the
closing
most of the higher women's courses, he
issued a circular in 1887 banning
take in the gymnasium "children of coachmen,
footmen, laundresses, petty shopkeepers, and the like
people like that." Known as circular
about the "cook's children", he became a shameful
page in the history of the Russian school.
Answer:
Alexander the Third
19. Read an excerpt from the work of a historian and write the name of the official whose activities are in question
"Energetic participation in the organization of constructionSiberian and others railways strengthened /it/
prestige. After serving for a short time as the Minister of Railways
messages, he becomes the Minister of Finance / when
Alexander the Third /. And immediately shows
initiative, having achieved the introduction of the state
monopoly on the wine trade ...
On his initiative, the country introduces gold
currency… /He/ found mutual language with myself
Pobedonostsev!"
Answer:
Witte
20. Read an excerpt from a contemporary essay and write the name of the cultural figure in question
“If something continued to live and develop strongly, sothis is a famous gallery of Russian painting ... She
enriched in the reporting year by as many as 14 works,
owned by 13 artists and raised up to 26,680
visitors. In addition, he got a job in the same year
new department - drawings and watercolors by Russian masters in
number of 266 copies, purchased in various
time. But this must be attributed to a special energy and
extraordinary self-sacrifice of its owner,
dedicated his whole life to creating a truly
present
national
museum
for
Russian
art ... which is bequeathed to them (Moscow)."
Answer:
Tretyakov
21. Read an excerpt from the memoirs of the philosopher N.A. Berdyaev and write a figurative name for the period of development of Russian culture, which is
Read an excerpt from the memoryphilosopher N.A. Berdyaev and write a figurative
the name of the period of development of Russian culture,
in question
“Now it is difficult to imagine the atmosphere of that
time. Much of the creative upsurge of that time
entered the further development of Russian culture and
now there is the property of all Russian cultured people.
During these years, many gifts were sent to Russia. It was
the era of awakening in Russia independent
philosophical thought, the flowering of poetry ... religious
worries and quests... New souls have appeared,
new sources of creative life were discovered.
Alexander Blok and Anna Akhmatova, Nikolai Gumilyov and
Konstantin Balmont belong to this time.
Answer:
silver Age
22. Read an excerpt from the speech of Nicholas II and write the name of the state body to whose representatives he addressed.
“The Most High Providence handed over to Me the care ofthe good of the Fatherland prompted me to call for
assistance in the legislative work of elected from
people.
With fiery faith in the bright future of Russia, I
I salute those best people in your face,
which I commanded my beloved subjects
choose from yourself. Difficult and complex work
are coming to you. I believe that love for the Motherland is hotter
the desire to serve her will inspire and unite you.”
Answer:
Thought
23. Read the fragment of the document and write the name of the politician who spoke at a meeting in the III State Duma in 1907 with data
Read the fragment of the document and write the last namepolitician who spoke at the meeting in
III State Duma in 1907 with data
offers.
"Having put
on the
legs,
giving
possibility
reach
economic
independence
multi-million dollar
peasant population, legislative institution
will lay the foundation on which it will be firmly erected
converted Russian state building… Not
indiscriminate distribution of land, not calming the riot
handouts - rebellion is extinguished by force, and recognition
immunity
private
property,
and,
as
consequence, hence the creation of petty personal
land ownership, the real right to leave the community
and resolution of issues of improved land use –
these are the tasks, the implementation of which the government considered and
considers the questions of the existence of the Russian state.
Answer:
Stolypin
24. Read an excerpt from an international treaty and write the name of the state with which Russia has signed this treaty.
Russian imperial governmentyields to eternal and full possession...
southern part of Sakhalin Island and all
islands adjacent to the latter, as well as
and
all
public
structures
and
property located there.
Answer:
Japan
25. Read an extract from a historian's essay and write the short name of the party in question.
"…Centralparagraph
them
programs
–
"socialization" of the land, i.e. liquidation of private
ownership of land and its transfer without redemption to
management of rural and urban communities. The basis
land use, they put equalizing labor
principle.
The most important
element
revolutionary tactics they considered political
terror. For the implementation of major acts, the so-called.
"central terror", in the autumn of 1901 was
a battle group was created, which then received
the name of the combat organization. Leader and Theorist
party was V.M. Chernov.
SRs
Answer:
26. Read an extract from a historian's essay and write the short name of the party in question.
“In the system of political parties in Russia, this party occupiedspecial
place.
This is
was
the consignment
intellectuals,
accumulating
in
their
ranks
Colour
Russian
intelligentsia of the early 20th century, who dreamed of a radical
transformation of the country by parliamentary means and on the basis of
universal human values. Ideological and organizational
the origins of the formation of the party are connected with those qualitative
changes that have taken place in Russian liberalism in
at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries.
In the liberal movement, louder and more confident sounded
voices of the historian P.N. Milyukov, leading experts in
areas of civil and criminal law - professors
S.A. Muromtsev, V.M. Gessen, L.I. Petrazhytsky, economists and
publicists - P.B. Struve, S.N. Bulgakov, N.A. Berdyaev.
Answer:
Cadets
27. Read the fragment of the document and write the name of the statesman in question.
“He had a lot of plans to make. "Giveonly 20 quiet years - and you won't know
Russia," the prime minister said. So it or not
so, we don't know. September 1, 1911
he was mortally wounded in Kyiv. One of
the brightest prime ministers of Russia
took with him most of his plans and
beginnings."
Answer:
Stolypin
28. Read the excerpt from the 1917 article and write the name of the government in question.
"Powerlessin
independent
fight
with
counter-revolution, incapable of positive,
creative work in defense and combat
devastation, living entirely at the expense of authority and
support (Council), with his hands leading the country
from under the mortal blow of Kornilovism, - our
government, our government feels
enough "independent" and "unrestricted" ... in
within the Winter Palace.
Answer:
Temporary
29. Read an excerpt from the memoirs of W. Churchill and write the name of the phenomenon he described.
“Were they, allies / countriesEntente /, at war with the Soviet
Russia? Of course not. But... they were
on Russian soil as conquerors. They are
armed
enemies
Soviet
government. They blocked his ports.
They sank his warships."
Answer:
Intervention
30. Read the extract from the document and write the name of the army it is talking about.
“It was built on the principles of the old,canceled by the revolution and the Bolsheviks in
first period of their reign, including
including
on the
normal
organizations,
autocracy and discipline ... Soviet
the government considered itself enough
strong to infuse without fear into the ranks
its army tens of thousands of "specialists",
obviously
alien
or
hostile
ruling party."
Answer:
Red Army
31. Read an excerpt from the book by D.A. Volkogonov and write the name of the leader of the USSR in question.
“Having reached the apogee of his power, he could not help butto understand that I owe not just a confluence
circumstances, the indisputability of the idea, but above all
chosen methodology. All of it is in eternal struggle.
No matter what it is: the fight against factionalists ... with
"cosmopolitans"
and
many
others
"fortresses"
which
should
"take
Bolsheviks." Ultimately, for him personally,
"leader", such a struggle is his self-affirmation,
perpetuation, deification.
Answer:
Stalin
32. Read an excerpt from the memoirs of S. Beria and indicate which type of weapons was first tested during the events described.
“... In August 1949, I myself was present atexplosion ... so I don’t know about everything
hearsay… The message went to
Moscow
straight ... from the landfill, and a little later
Stalin asked his father to invite him
I.V. Kurchatov and his closest assistants ...
Everyone received a colossal material
reward ... And this, mind you, in the conditions
general post-war poverty.
Answer:
Atomic bomb
33. Read an excerpt from the book by D.A. Volkogonov and write the name of the leader of the USSR in question.
“The constant ‘secret’ of (his) influence onpublic
consciousness
was
in
maintaining a continuous voltage in
society. situation of potential
"civil war", or rather a specific
fight against "enemies of the people", "spies",
"of little faith"
"cosmopolitans"
"reborn", "pests", created
atmosphere, where his instructions and calls to
vigilance always fell on the blessed
soil."
Answer:
Stalin
34. Read an excerpt from an article by G. Fedorov and write the name of the leader of the USSR, under which the events described in the passage took place, the phenomena
Read an excerpt from G. Fedorov's article and writethe name of the leader of the USSR, under which
the events described in the passage took place.
“A number of reforms were carried out quite firmly, to the end
brought and fully justified the tasks assigned to them
hope...
pension reform. Before her, pensions were so
scanty, which were symbolic. Reform
pensions spread to tens of millions of people
and made possible for them a tolerable, albeit modest,
Existence.
housing reform. Mass housing construction…
made at least for those entering housing
cooperatives affordable getting an apartment, and prices
on cooperatives were then quite moderate.
Answer:
Khrushchev
35. Read an excerpt from an article by journalist V. Kobysh and write the name of the country in question.
“In full accordance with international law, our twocountries have agreed on a series of measures aimed at
strengthening the defense capability /of this country/. These measures
in particular, they provided for the delivery of Soviet
missile weapons. From our side, this decision
seemed all the more justified because the United
The states began at that time to impose Soviet Union on
the entire perimeter of its borders with missile bases.
Is it justified that having delivered ... our first missiles, we
did not make an official statement, moreover,
denied, in particular, at the UN General Assembly
This fact?.."
Answer:
Cuba
36. Read an excerpt from the memoirs of a military historian and write the name of the leader of the USSR in question.
“... Commander-in-ChiefUnited
forces
Warsaw
Agreements
Marshal
Soviet Union I.S. Konev ... put the combat
task: "eliminate the counter-revolutionary
rebellion in Budapest. To do this, the body has strengthened
tanks, artillery and airborne
troops. combat operation was carried out according to
instructions of our highest party and
government leadership led by
/ last name of the head of the USSR / "
Answer:
Khrushchev
37. Read an excerpt from the message of the President of the United States addressed to the leader of the USSR, and write the name of this Soviet leader.
"Dear Mr. Chairman,…I came to the conclusion that the key elements…
are as follows:
You agree to remove these weapons from Cuba
under the proper supervision and oversight of the United Nations and
undertake to ... cease further
delivery of such weapons to Cuba.
We, for our part, will agree ... a) quickly
lift the quarantine measures applied in
present moment, and b) give an assurance of waiver
invasion of Cuba...
Answer:
Khrushchev
38. Read an excerpt from the minutes of the meeting of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU and write the name of the leader of the USSR, the author of the above statement.
“We have been fighting in Afghanistan for six years. If notchange approaches, then we will fight for another 20-30 years.
It would cast a shadow on our abilities
influence the development of events ... What, maybe
there is no room to turn around
our General Staff? In general, we are not
picked up the keys to solving this problem ... We
need to complete this process as soon as possible
time ... It is necessary to say in the decision about
the need to end (the war) during
one year to a maximum of two years.
Answer:
Gorbachev
39. Read an excerpt from the resolution of the First Congress of Miners of the USSR and write the name of the period when this resolution was adopted.
“We demand that the CPSU be already todaydeprived of a privileged position in our
enterprises and institutions. Party committees and
Komsomol committees must be withdrawn from
enterprises and institutions.
Preferential experience that goes freed
party and Komsomol workers, should
be cancelled. We believe that under the conditions
the formation of a multi-party system must be resolved
the question of nationalization created by the people
property of the CPSU, as well as created real
opportunities for party activities.
Answer:
perestroika
40. Read an excerpt from a speech by a statesman of the USSR on Central Television in December 1991 and write his last name.
"ATforce
established
situations...
stop my activities ... I leave
your post with concern. But also with hope
faith in you, in your wisdom and fortitude.
We are the heirs of a great civilization, and
now it depends on everyone and everyone that she
revived to a new modern and
worthy life...
Answer:
Gorbachev
B5
Read an excerpt from the notes of a war correspondent and write the name of the 19th century war in question.
“Our camp near Constantinople will not be forgotten for a long time by the troops of the Skobelev detachment. From day to day they were waiting for an order - to move and take Tsargrad. The population prepared flowers and flags, the Christians raised their heads... On the banks of the Bosphorus, crowds of soldiers and officers stood at the pier in the bright haze of a wonderful, fabulous city...”.
B6
Read the lines from the memoirs of V.V. Shulgin and write the name of the person in question.
“He wrapped his face of the “old man” around the royal family, looking into which, it seems to the queen that the spirit of God rests on a holy man. And he turned a depraved face to Russia, a drunken face of a goblin-satire from the Tobolsk taiga.
Answer: _________________________ .
B7
Establish a correspondence between the titles of works and the names of their authors. Write the letters corresponding to the selected elements first in the table given in the text of the task, and then transfer them to the form.
WORKS | |||
| 1) | "Cursed Days" | BUT) | IN AND. Lenin |
| 2) | "April theses" | B) | L.D. Trotsky |
| 3) | "Untimely Thoughts" | AT) | I.V. Stalin |
| 4) | "Dizzy with Success" | G) | A.M. Bitter |
| D) | I.A. Bunin |
B8
Read an excerpt from the work of A.I. Solzhenitsyn "The Gulag Archipelago" and write what phenomenon of the Soviet domestic policy described here.
“The first experience was very cautious: in 1937, there were some tens of thousands of these suspicious Koreans - what trust ... in front of Khalkhin Gol, in the face of Japanese imperialism? - were quietly and quickly, ... with a share of beggarly belongings were transferred from Far East to Kazakhstan. And it was so quiet that no one, except for the adjacent Kazakhs, knew about that resettlement…”.
Answer: _________________________ .
B9
Establish a correspondence between events and periods when these events occurred. Write the letters corresponding to the selected elements first in the table given in the text of the task, and then transfer them to the form.
| EVENTS | PERIODS | ||
| 1) | education of the Department of Internal Affairs | BUT) | late 1940s |
| 2) | liquidation of CMEA and ATS | B) | 1950s |
| 3) | entry of ATS troops into Czechoslovakia | AT) | early 1990s |
| 4) | the formation of the "socialist camp", the creation of the CMEA | G) | late 1960s |
| D) | late 1990s |
B10
Read an excerpt from Yu.V. Andropov in the Central Committee of the CPSU and indicate the names of the representatives of the opposition in question.
“On the basis of the production and distribution of “samizdat” literature, there is a certain consolidation of like-minded people, attempts to create a semblance of opposition are clearly visible.
Around the end of 1968 - beginning of 1969. opposition-minded elements have formed a political core... which, according to them, has three signs of opposition..., has leaders, activists and relies on a significant number of sympathizers... sets itself certain goals and chooses a certain tactic, achieves legality ... "
Answer: _________________________ .
Do not forget to transfer all written in the text examination work answers in the answer sheet No. 1 (without spaces between words and letters).
Part 3
For answers to the tasks of this part (C1 - C7), use the answer sheet No. 2. First write down the number of the task (C1, etc.), and then a detailed answer to it. Write down your answers legibly.
Read an extract from a historical source and briefly answer questions C1-C3. The answers assume the use of information from the source, as well as the application of historical knowledge in the course of the history of the corresponding period.
C1
What period of the country's history do the events described in the text refer to? Specify the chronological framework of this period. What battle are you talking about?
C2
What can you say about the features of this battle in the text and on the basis of knowledge of history? What did Marshal Zhukov have to do with him?
C3
What was the significance of this battle? What events followed?
C4
Indicate the main results of the reign of Prince Ivan III. Name the territories annexed to the Moscow principality in the 15th - early 16th centuries.
C5
Compare the position of the Russian peasants freed from serfdom in the periods 1861-1881. and after the adoption of the Regulations of 1881 - up to late XIX in. Name the similarities and differences.
Note. Record your answer in the form of a table. In the second part of the table, differences can be shown both in terms of comparable (paired) features, and those features that were inherent in only one of the compared objects. (the table below does not establish the mandatory number and composition of common features and differences, but only shows how best to format the answer).
General
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C6
After the proclamation of the Manifesto on October 17, 1905, the leaders of the bourgeois parties viewed the situation as an actual victory for the revolution. What events and phenomena indicated that the revolution was continuing? Why did events develop in this way?
C7
Some politicians and historians assess the concept of “new political thinking” put forward by M. Gorbachev during the period of perestroika in the USSR as a step taken under pressure from the West, aimed at abandoning their own national positions, the state interests of the USSR. What other estimates political course M.S. Do you know Gorbachev? Which assessment do you think is more convincing? Give provisions, facts that argue your chosen point of view.
Option 4.
(answers at the end of the test)
A1. Which of the documents was adopted earlier than the others?
1) "Cathedral Code"
2) "Table of Ranks"
3) "General Regulations"
4) "Decree on a three-day corvee"
A2. What event is associated with the reign of Dmitry Donskoy?
1) "standing" on the river Ugra
2) the ruin of Moscow by Khan Tokhtamysh
3) raid on Moscow by the Crimean Khan
4) annexation of Veliky Novgorod to Moscow
A3. How in Ancient Russia called a fine in favor of the prince?
1) rope 3) hryvnia
2) vira 4) quitrent
A4. Which of the following was one of the results of the reign of Ivan Kalita and his sons (14th century)?
1) ending the dependence of Russia on the Golden Horde
2) annexation of Veliky Novgorod to Moscow
3) economic and military strengthening of the Moscow principality
4) accession to Moscow of the Tver principality
A5. famous Russian poetXVIII century was
1) G.R.Derzhavin
2) F.S. Rokotov
3) D.G.Levitsky
4) N.I. Novikov
A6. "Manifesto on the Liberty of the Nobility", "Charter to the Nobility" characterized the process
1) legislative registration of the rights of the nobility as the ruling privileged class
2) solving the peasant question
3) implementation of reforms in the field of public administration
4) the introduction of compulsory service for the nobility
A7. One of the consequences of the adoption Cathedral Code 1649 was
1) the establishment of an indefinite investigation of runaway peasants
2) extension of the terms of the search for peasants up to 15 years
3) the abolition of the rule "there is no extradition from the Don"
4) permission for landowners to exile peasants to Siberia
A8. Read an excerpt from the historian's work and indicate the Khan of the Golden Horde, whose invasion is in question.
“The Battle of Kulikovo raised the glory of Moscow high, but Golden Horde was still strong and took revenge on the Russian capital ... ruin.
After the death of Mamai, who was killed in one of the Crimean cities, power over the Golden Horde passed to [Khan], who planned to avenge the defeat of the Tatars on the Kulikovo field. [Khan] approached Moscow unexpectedly from the direction of Ryazan, took and burned Serpukhov, after which he moved towards Moscow. The approach of [Khan] became known to Dmitry Donskoy, but the lack of unity among the princes and the lack of military force forced him to abandon the battle with the Tatars and leave Moscow.
1) Batu 3) Tamerlane
2) Mengli Giray 4) Tokhtamysh
A9. Which of the following eventsXIX century took place before all others?
1) construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway
2) the beginning of the industrial revolution
3) the emergence of trusts, concerns
4) the publication by Alexander I of the decree on "free cultivators"
A10. Which of these individuals was a historian?
1) I.M. Sechenov 3) N.I. Lobachevsky
2) N.M. Karamzin 4) I.I. Mechnikov
A11. Founded in the first halfXIX century, the central government agencies in charge of various sectors of the economy were called
1) colleges 3) zemstvos
2) orders 4) ministries
A12. Which of the following was carried out during the reign of AlexanderIII?
1) military settlements are founded
2) equalized the estate with the estate
3) a decree was issued on the return of runaway peasants to landlords
4) redemption payments are reduced
A13. What was one of the reasons for the defeat of Napoleon's army in Russia in 1812?
1) joint military operations of the armies of Russia and Prussia
2) significant losses of the French army at Borodino
3) Napoleon's wish to give a border battle at the beginning of the war
4) significant numerical superiority Russian armies over the French at the start of the war
A14. Read the excerpt from the commander's report and write his name.
“This 18th at noon, with moderate east wind with rain attacked the Turkish squadron of 7 large frigates, a sloop, 2 corvettes, 2 transports and 2 steamships, stationed between the batteries on the Sinop roadstead, and completely destroyed it at 2 o'clock; the ships were thrown aground, and two frigates were thrown ashore, and two frigates were blown up in the air, the batteries were torn down.
1) P.S. Nakhimov
2) F.F. Ushakov
3) A.G. Orlov
4) P.A. Rumyantsev-Zadunaisky
A15. J.V. Stalin announced the transition to the policy of "eliminating the kulaks as a class" in
1) 1921 3) 1929
2) 1924 4) 1934
A16. What, according to the Constitution of 1924, was the name of the supreme body of executive power in the USSR?
1) Council of Ministers
2) Council of People's Commissars
3) Council of Nationalities
4) State Council
A17. During the NEP
1) the state monopoly of foreign trade was abolished
2) a policy of forced industrialization was implemented
3) freedom of internal trade was proclaimed
4) the land and its subsoil were transferred to private ownership
A18. Which of the above refers to the consequences of the victory of I.V. Stalin in the inner-party struggle?
1) approval of intra-party democracy
2) criticism from the leadership of the Leninist legacy
3) split the party into Bolsheviks and Mensheviks
4) the establishment of a cult of personality in the party and the country
A19. Read the extract from the legislative act and determine the year of its adoption.
“The school is separated from the church. Teaching religious beliefs in all state and public, as well as private educational institutions where general education subjects are taught is not allowed. Citizens can teach and be educated in religion privately.”
1) 1905 3) 1918
2) 1914 4) 1928
A20. AT Battle of Stalingrad the 62nd Army fought heroically under the command of General
1) V.I. Chuikov 3) V.K. Blucher
2) D.M. Karbysheva 4) M.V. Frunze
A21. Read an excerpt from an article by a Russian historian and indicate which year the described situation refers to.
“The Headquarters ... since March has been working on a plan for a strategic offensive, the task of which was to defeat the main forces of the Army Group South and Center, to crush the enemy defenses on the front from Smolensk to the Black Sea. It was assumed that Soviet troops go on the offensive first. However, in mid-April, based on intelligence data that the Wehrmacht command was planning to launch an offensive near Kursk, it was decided to bleed the German troops with a powerful defense, and then go on the counteroffensive.
1) 1941 3) 1943
2) 1942 4) 1944
A22. Which of the following dates is associated with the participation of the USSR in the signing of the Final Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe?
1) 1961 3) 1991
2) 1975 4) 1997
A23. Which of these documents was adopted in the USSR during the perestroika period?
1) “About the magazines Zvezda and Leningrad”
2) "On the cult of personality and its consequences"
3) "On the repertoire of drama theaters and measures to improve it"
4) "On rent and lease relations in the USSR"
A24. The program "500 days" by S.S. Shatalin and G.A. Yavlinsky assumed
1) transition to a market economy in 1.5 years
2) phased introduction of market relations over 10-20 years
3) improvement of the planned economy
4) application of the method of "shock therapy" in the implementation of reforms
A25. What was one of the consequences of the adoption of Article 6 of the Constitution of the USSR in 1977?
1) reduction in the size of the party-state apparatus
2) liquidation of the privileges of the party-state nomenklatura
3) development of inner-party democracy
4) legal consolidation of the power of the party-state nomenclature
A26. Read an excerpt from the book "Mixed Society: The Russian Variant" and indicate the year when the decision mentioned in the text was made.
“For the development of entrepreneurship in the course of liberalization, it was fundamental to allow free trade ... Free trade and its establishment as an entrepreneurial sphere have yielded a number of positive results. Freedom of trade contributed to the support of numerous sections of the population, disadvantaged in the process of reforms by unemployment (“shuttle traders”, and together with family members their number was 30 million people), loss of savings, elimination of social guarantees, etc.”
1) 1957 2) 1965 3) 1992 4) 1998
A27. One of important events in Russia's foreign policy in the 1990s. was her entry into
1) League of Nations
2) Council of Europe
3) United Nations
IN 1. Place the following documents XVIII century in chronological order of their publications. Write down the letters of the documents in the correct order.
A) "Decree on the secularization of church lands"
B) "Table of Ranks"
B) "Decree on single inheritance"
D) "Manifesto on the freedom of the nobility"
IN 2. Which three of the following events took place inXVIII century?
1) Seven Years War
2) secularization of church lands
3) convening the first Zemsky Sobor
4) division of the Commonwealth
5) Smolensk war
6) the establishment of the patriarchate in Russia
IN 3. Match the last names historical figures and their activities.
AT 4. Read an excerpt from the nominal decree of January 18, 1721 and write the name of the peasants in question.
“... It is allowed by our decree for the reproduction of ... factories, both for the gentry and merchant people, to buy villages to those factories without permission, with the permission of the berg- and manufactories-board, only under such a condition, so that those villages would always be at those factories inseparably" .
AT 5. Place the following events in chronological order. Write the letters of the events in the correct order.
A) publication by A.N. Radishchev “Travel from St. Petersburg to Moscow”
B) the foundation by A.I. Herzen of the Free Russian Printing House abroad
C) performance of the Decembrists on the Senate Square in St. Petersburg
D) the creation of the organization "Narodnaya Volya"
AT 6. Which three of the following phenomena survived in Russia in the 1890s?
1) autocracy
2) month
3) military settlements
4) corvee
5) landownership
6) peasant land community
AT 7. Establish a correspondence between the names of statesmen, high-ranking officials and the names of Russian emperors, during the years of whose reign they achieved the greatest power.
For each position in the first column, select the corresponding position in the second.
AT 8. Read an excerpt from the notes of a war correspondent and write the name of the19th century war in question.
“Our camp near Constantinople will not be forgotten for a long time by the troops of the Skobelev detachment. From day to day they were waiting for an order - to move and take Tsargrad. The population prepared flowers and flags, the Christians raised their heads... On the banks of the Bosphorus, crowds of soldiers and officers stood at the pier in the bright haze of a wonderful, fabulous city...”.
AT 9. Which three of the following events took place during the reign of NicholasII?
1) monetary reform S.Yu. Witte
2) the creation of the Synod
3) "Bloody Sunday"
4) transfer of peasants to compulsory redemption
5) agrarian reform of P.A. Stolypin
6) adoption of the GOELRO plan
AT 10 O'CLOCK. Establish a correspondence between Soviet legislative acts and the years of their adoption.
For each position in the first column, select the appropriate position.
AT 11. Read an extract from a historian's essay and write the abbreviated name of the party in question.
“The central point of their program is the “socialization” of the land, i.e. liquidation of private ownership of land and its transfer without redemption to the management of rural and urban communities. They put the equalization-labor principle as the basis for the use of land. They considered political terror to be the most important element of revolutionary tactics. For the implementation of major acts, the so-called. "Central terror", in the autumn of 1901 a combat group was created, which then received the name of the Combat Organization. The leader and theoretician of the party was V.M. Chernov.
AT 12. Which three of these events took place in the second half of the 1940s?
1) adoption of the draft of the new Union Treaty of 9 republics of the USSR in Novo-Ogaryovo
2) carrying out a monetary reform and the abolition of the card system for the distribution of goods
3) the defeat of geneticists, the victory of the direction of biology, headed by T.D. Lysenko
4) the beginning of the rehabilitation of illegally repressed people
5) campaign against "cosmopolitanism"
6) suppression of workers' protests in the city of Novocherkassk
B13. Match the events with the years in which they occurred.
For each position in the first column, select the corresponding position in the second.
B14. Read an excerpt from the resolutionI Congress of Miners of the USSR and write the name of the period when this resolution was adopted.
“We demand that the CPSU be deprived of its privileged position in our enterprises and institutions as early as today. Party committees and committees of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League must be withdrawn from enterprises and institutions.
Preferential service, which goes to the released party and Komsomol workers, must be abolished. We believe that in the conditions of the formation of a multi-party system, the issue of nationalization of the property of the CPSU created by the people should be resolved, as well as real opportunities for the activities of the parties should be created.
B15. Arrange the concepts and terms in the chronological order of their appearance. Write down the letters that denote concepts and terms in the correct sequence.
A) "Kornilovism"
B) "Antonovshchina"
B) "nechaevshchina"
D) Trotskyism
Read an extract from a historical source and briefly answer questions C1-C3. The answers assume the use of information from the source, as well as the application of historical knowledge in the course of the history of the corresponding period.
From the work of the historian B.A. Rybakov.
“In addition to the colorful and dramatic external history of the principalities and princes, this era is extremely interesting for us for those aggravated relations between the princes and the boyars, which were so clearly identified already in the time of Yaroslav Osmomysl. If we discard the element of personal gain and self-interest ... then it should be recognized that their policy of concentrating lands, weakening appanages and strengthening the central princely power was objectively progressive, since it coincided with the interests of the people. In pursuing this policy, the princes relied on the broad strata of the townspeople and on the reserves of petty feudal lords (youths, children, merciful ones), who were completely dependent on the prince, grown by them.
It should be noted that the initial phase<этого периода>(before the factor of conquest intervened in normal development) is characterized not by the decline of culture, as one might expect ... but, on the contrary, by the rapid growth of cities and the bright flowering of Russian culture in all its manifestations. It follows from this that the new political form obviously contributed (perhaps at first) to progressive development.
C1. Give the name and time frame of the historical period referred to in the passage. Using knowledge of history, name the largest political centers of this period. List at least three positions in total.
C2. Using the text of the document and drawing on knowledge of history, indicate at least three characteristic features of this period.
C3. Drawing on knowledge of history and the text of the document, evaluate this period. Give at least three arguments.
C4. Name at least three main areas of reform during the period of perestroika in the USSR in 1985-1990. Give at least two examples of economic transformation during this period.
C5. The question belongs to the field of theory and historical disputes, involving two radically opposite answers. It does not solve the tasks of this site, so we skip it.
C6. Review the historical situation and answer the questions.
At the beginning of his reign, Alexander I saw his main task in the field of foreign policy in the fight against Napoleonic France. In this matter, the king was principled and firm. However, in 1807, Alexander I was forced to sign a peace treaty with Napoleon in Tilsit.
What was the attitude of the nobility, merchants to the signing, the terms of the Tilsit peace treaty? How did their attitude towards Alexander I change? (Give at least two positions).
What explained such an attitude of the nobility, merchants to the signing, the terms of the Tilsit peace treaty? (Give at least two reasons.)
C7. Compare the situation of peasants, peasant farms in the 1870s. and in 1907 - 1914.
Indicate what was common (at least two common characteristics) and what was different (at least three differences).
number of questions | Answers | number of questions | Answers |
sessional |
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Russian-Turkish |
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Socialist-Revolutionaries (or AKP) |
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perestroika |
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question number | Answers |
Name of the period - feudal fragmentation Chronological framework: 30s of the XII century. - the end of the XV century. The largest political centers: Vladimir-Suzdal principality, Velikiy Novgorod, Galicia-Volyn principality. |
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Choose any three: 1) princely strife 2) fragmentation and lack of political unity in the Russian lands 3) weakening of the military potential of the country 4) aggravation of relations between the princes and the boyars 5) independence of the boyars-patrimonials in their lands 6) the growth and strengthening of the economic and political power of cities 7) flourishing culture |
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1) a controversial period: on the one hand, fragmentation, and on the other, the rapid development of culture 2) progressive development can be attributed to the growth and development of cities 3) the weakening of the destinies and the strengthening of the power of the princes had a progressive meaning, in the interests of the people |
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Directions of reforms: 1) economic reforms that led to a market economy 2) democratization political system, the introduction of a multi-party system 3) pursuing a policy of publicity 4) restructuring international relations on the principles of "new political thinking" Examples of economic transformations: 1) adoption of a law on the expansion of the rights of state enterprises 2) adoption of the law on cooperation 3) permission for private individual activities 4) recognition of the equality of all forms of ownership in the countryside (collective farms, state farms, farms, rental cooperatives) |
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1) the nobles considered the Tilsit peace treaty humiliating for Russia 2) from an economic point of view, the treaty was unprofitable for Russia, so merchants and nobles, after Russia joined the continental blockade of England, lost an important market 3) Russia was losing its positions in the Mediterranean 4) the Duchy of Warsaw was created as a means of pressure on Russia |
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General characteristics: The unequal position of the peasants persists Low level of productivity of peasant farms Lack of land (small land) Participation of peasants in the work of zemstvos The development of wage labor in agriculture Differences: |