Bora in Novorossiysk (north-east). Northeast wind Northeast wind direction

In 1838, on the eastern coast of the Black Sea, on the shores of the deep and convenient Tsemesskaya Bay, the port city of Novorossiysk was founded. Initially, the future of the port city seemed serene. Convenient geographical position promised him fast development. And suddenly, ten years later, an unusual circumstance appeared, sharply complicating the development of the Novorossiysk port. It turned out that the water area of the port is exposed to the strongest wind blowing from the mountains. This wind was called bora (from the Greek word boreaos - north wind). However, even the commander of the Black Sea Fleet, Admiral Lazarev, noted the difficult conditions for the parking of ships in the future Novorossiysk port. "Sudzhuk Bay, despite the fact that there is the best haven for ships along the entire eastern coast of the Black Sea, cannot, however, be considered completely safe for the fleet , especially in autumn, when the pine forests raging in it, blowing with even greater force than in Gelendzhik, often force ships to listen to topmasts and yards, and even tear the ships themselves from anchors.
The Novorossiysk bora was described in the Black Sea sailing directions published before 1847, but the first terrible blow to Russian ships fell precisely on 1847. Until that time, the bora was underestimated ... Bora raged from October 27, 1847 with variable strength until January 1848. The strongest blow of the storm hit the city on November 28. By the end of the second day, the wind turned into a real hurricane. The squadron of Rear Admiral Yuryev, stationed on the roadstead in the Tsemess Bay, was subjected to the most difficult trials. The ships, however, survived. Many roofs were torn off in the city, houses were damaged. The next, even more terrible blow of the hurricane broke out on January 12. The squadron, cruising off the northeastern shores of the Black Sea, unfortunately again found itself in the roadstead of the Tsemess Bay. Under the admiral's flag, the 18-gun frigate "Media" was anchored at the barrel; not far away were the corvette "Pilade", the brig "Pilamed", the schooner "Brave", the tender "Struya"; anchored in the bay - the transport "Gastogay" and the steamer "Fighter".
On the night of January 12-13, 1848, the hurricane became overwhelming. Frost, thick ice, gale-force winds, darkness in broad daylight, hum and whistle - all this lasted three days.
Pilamed was the first to drift. At five in the morning he hit the stern on the shore; five sailors who tried to feed the cable were killed. The rest of the crew managed to get ashore during the day. Many were frostbitten. On January 13, the transport "Gastogai" and the corvette "Pilade" were thrown ashore. Only the flagship "Midiya" and the schooner "Brave" survived at anchor. The fate of the tender "Stream" is tragic. Covered with a thick layer of ice, the tender sank along with the entire crew of 52 people. Like a cross on a grave, only the mast remained sticking out of the water. There were many frostbitten people on all the ships. The sailors behaved heroically, but the force of the elements was incredible. To resist her was beyond human capabilities.

Catastrophic burs occurred several times at the end of the last century. In January 1893, a wild wind paralyzed the life of the city, roofs were torn off buildings, phaetons were overturned, and people were knocked down. The wind moved the railroad cars. All 12 ships in the harbor were covered with ice crust, many had broken masts. Two ships in the roadstead were torn from anchors and thrown ashore! One of them was at three anchors, and the second, an English steamer, was on the shore due to a broken anchor chain. Strong bora on October 3 and 4, 1896 battered battleships, cruisers and destroyers and transports of a practical squadron Black Sea Fleet arrived in Novorossiysk. The wind reached 26 m / s, a fog of the smallest ice floes hung in the air, hiding the lights of the ships standing nearby. Part of the squadron was forced to relocate to Feodosia.
The bora on November 17–24, 1899, turned out to be more detrimental in its consequences. Water dust and snow formed a layer of ice up to 4 m high on the Novorossiysk embankment. The roofs of many houses were torn off, benches and poles were overturned, and loaded railway cars were overturned. Bora dealt with four sailing ships in the port, the wind broke them, overturned, grounded. The steamships Severnaya Zvezda and Kura were swept away to the city shore, the steamship Igor was run aground and covered with ice. The crew was rescued with great difficulty.
On the night of January 7, 1935, a severe bora threw the Danish steamer Bornholm, which was defending in the Tsemes Bay, onto the shore of the old fortress of the Novorossiysk port. Several days of storm and wind turned the 5,500-ton steamer into a giant block of ice. The ship was saved only with the help of rescuers. In 1954, a very strong bora raged on a broad front from Anapa to Tuapse, and especially in Novorossiysk, from 1 to 6 February. Its components are: strong, even gale-force wind, snow, frost up to 15-17°, disturbances in the bay. In Novorossiysk, snowdrifts appeared, in some places up to 3-4 m; one-story houses were brought up to the level of their roofs, power transmission lines and communications were destroyed, the movement of road and rail transport stopped. In the port, a fishing motorboat died from icing. The frostbitten team managed to escape. The motor ship "Nikolaev" was torn off the mooring lines, and only the heroic efforts of its crew and two port tugboats managed to save the ship from death.
Sometimes ships are killed by bora blows due to captains' failure to comply with the instructions of the port administration and, ultimately, due to underestimation of this terrible natural phenomenon.
In January 1963, the Greek ship "Bendita" with a displacement of 10 thousand tons and the Lebanese "Aylos II" of the same displacement became a bora toy. They were torn off the anchors by a gale-force wind and thrown into the shallows of the Sudzhuk Spit. The captains of these ships received bore warnings, but relied on the large size of their ships and did not go to sea.
In the autumn of 1993, Bora again reminded of herself. On November 12, television reported on the forest, which included Novorossiysk, Tuapse, Anapa. As always, the strongest wind appeared in Novorossiysk. The bora was accompanied by an increase in frost up to 10°C. Separate gusts of wind reached speeds of 40-50 m/sec. The bora continued for several days. On November 19, 9 ships in the port were damaged by the bora. Some of them sank (three old ships of the Kometa type, two fishing boats and the ship Professor Shchegolev). Motor ship "Professor Shchegolev" washed ashore. There were 23 people on board, all of whom were rescued. 5 people died on fishing boats. In the city of Novorossiysk there was no light, energy, communications - all power lines and communications were broken. 190 houses were left without roofs. The losses of the municipal economy are estimated at 14 billion rubles, not counting losses in adjacent villages and other ports.
The above list of "ugliness" of the Novorossiysk bora is far from complete. These are only the most notable events reflected in the literature. In fact, the troubles caused by bora were much more.
L.Z. Prokh states: “For half a century, 636 cases of bora have been noted in Novorossiysk; on average, almost once a year, it had a catastrophic character. There are cases when the storm did not stop for more than a week. Other authors speak of an even longer duration of boron. In the 1970s, I had a chance to survive a blow from the northeast wind near Novorossiysk, and I remember it very much. On a small drilling ship of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine "Geochemist" in the summer we left Kerch for Pitsunda, where our Georgian colleagues were waiting for us to carry out joint drilling. When leaving the Kerch Strait, a slight wind began, which intensified as it approached Novorossiysk. Entry there was mandatory at the request of the border guard. We hardly entered the port. The wind intensified, it tore off the tops of the waves right in the Tsemess Bay. Half an hour later we left Novorossiysk, hugging the shore. It soon became quieter. With every mile the weather calmed down. We passed by the wreck of a large tanker washed ashore south of Novorossiysk in calm weather.

What is boron?
Bora is, by definition, N.A. Korostelev, a characteristic storm with a strong northeast wind, overthrown from the mountains. As a rule, it rages on the Caucasian coast of the Black Sea between Anapa and Tuapse, but is especially strong in winter time in Novorossiysk, where the wind reaches hurricane force, and the temperature drops to -20 °. Even the entire Tsemess Bay freezes over, as it happened, for example, in 1899. Bora is not only a Black Sea phenomenon. Bora happens on Novaya Zemlya, on Baikal, in Antarctica. It is also known on the northeastern coast of the Adriatic Sea, where natural conditions are similar. But there bora does not reach such strength and is not so dangerous for navigation. Here is how the Russian writer A.I. Kuprin:
Bora is “a furious mysterious wind that is born somewhere in the bald, mangy mountains near Novorossiysk, falls into a round bay and spreads terrible unrest throughout the Black Sea. Its strength is so great that it overturns loaded freight cars from the rails, knocks down telegraph poles, destroys newly built brick walls, throws people walking alone to the ground ... This wind is terrible in its unexpectedness: it is impossible to predict it - this is the most capricious wind on the most capricious sea.
The geographical conditions of Novorossiysk are very peculiar. Above the Tsemess Bay and the swampy valley of the river. Tsemes overhangs the steep but low Varada mountain range (400-650 m above sea level). Under the influence of strong northeast winds, in conditions of rising pressure on the continent, with a sharp drop in pressure towards the sea, a real airfall occurs - a sharp movement of air towards the sea. Huge masses of cold winter air from the Varada (Markotkh) ridge rush into the Tsemess Bay. Even a classification of bores has been developed depending on powerful cold air flows, their two-layer nature, with the movement of cold fronts, etc. "
Cold air currents destroy the vegetation on the Varada Ridge, creating a harsh lunar landscape on it. Different authors indicate different limiting wind speeds. L.Z. Proh thinks: average speed burs 35 m / s wind gusts can be two or even three times more! All this is accompanied by a decrease in temperature to -20 ° and more. All those destructions and misfortunes that have already been mentioned are clear from this.

To G Paustovsky, through the mouth of his hero Junge, spoke about the dream of generations - to get rid of the bora. Junge recalls the data of the famous scientist Wrangel that there is an alpine basin to the east behind the Varada ridge, where winter cold air accumulates. It crawls over the Varada Ridge and falls into the Novorossiysk Bay, where the air is warm and rarefied. Cold airfall (in other words, boron) continues until the air pressure equalizes. Junge suggested a seemingly simple thing: to dig two or three tunnels at the foot of the ridge. Through the tunnels there will be an imperceptible and constant exchange of air with equalization of pressure.
This idea is still being discussed. Other ideas are the heating of the air on the windward side of the mountains, the installation of powerful wind engines on the Markhot Pass.
Unfortunately, in our difficult era of struggle against any transformations of nature and even the "allergy" of the population to these transformations, no one will try to scientifically reasonably evaluate the proposed idea. And what if it will be possible to save Novorossiysk from the "terrible scourge" of nature? Either you need to follow the path of improving the forecasting service, predicting the forest at least a day in advance in order to have time to take ships out to sea, or you need to build a structure that gives the bay a wind shadow.
Going out to the open sea seems to most often save ships from destruction. At 10-15 km from the coast, the strength of the bora decreases sharply. However, this is not always the case. Sometimes bora drove fishing feluccas hundreds of kilometers to the shores of Bulgaria or Turkey.
Truly, bora is the most terrible wind of the Black Sea. On account of bora the largest number of lost ships and human lives.

Chapter from the book "CATASTROPHES IN THE BLACK SEA" by E.F. Shnyukov, L.I. Mitin, V.P. Tsemko

In the title is the picture "The Russian squadron enters the Sudzhuk Bay" by V.I. Tikhonovsky

Bora, or wind blowing from land to sea, is known in many parts of the world. But in the Black Sea, the strongest bora is observed in the Novorossiysk region. Even Claudius Arrian, governor of the Roman province of Cappadocia, in his report on a trip to the Black Sea, written for the emperor Hadrian, in 134 AD. e., indicates a place on the Caucasian coast, “where there is protection from the winds of Thrascia and Boreas” (Boreas is the fierce god of the northeast wind in ancient Greek mythology). In the reports of Russian navigators and administrative figures of the XIX - early XX centuries. disasters caused by bora are often mentioned. The wind is especially terrible when it is accompanied by frost. Then, in the bay and on its shore, you can see pictures similar to Arctic landscapes: ships, embankments and even houses covered with thick ice armor.

“For the third day, bora is blowing. Bora - otherwise, north-east - is a furious mysterious wind that is born somewhere in the bald, mangy mountains near Novorossiysk, falls into a round bay and makes a terrible excitement ... Its strength is so great that it overturns loaded freight cars from the rails, knocks down telegraph pillars, destroys newly built brick walls, throws people walking alone to the ground. This is how A. I. Kuprin described the Novorossiysk forest in 1909 in the story “Listrigons”.
Bora occurs when an area of high pressure is established over a cold continent, and an area of low pressure is established over the warm Black Sea. Significant differences in pressure and temperatures of warm and cold air are created between the continent and the sea, resulting in a high speed of the northeast air flow.
On its way to the sea, the northeastern stream encounters a mountain obstacle in the form of two parallel ranges: Svintsovy and Varada. According to the theory of flow around irregularities on the earth's surface, the air flow overcomes these obstacles, experiencing compression in the vertical and narrowing in the horizontal planes.
The thickening of streamlines above the ridge contributes to the formation of a narrow zone of strong winds here, which takes the form of a jet. Bora in Novorossiysk occurs when this jet stream descends down the slope of the Varada Ridge and reaches the surface of the earth. In this case, due to the action of gravity, the initial speed of the jet will receive an additional acceleration near the ground, equal to 8 meters per second.

At the point where the airflow falls earth's surface maximum wind speeds are observed, this is the “center of action” of the bora, which can be observed at different distances from the mountains. The place where the air flow falls in Novorossiysk Bay depends on the initial jet velocity over the mountains and on the thermodynamic state of the atmosphere on the leeward side of the ridge. Ceteris paribus, the jet of air flow will descend to the ground level, the farther from the mountains, the greater the initial wind speed at the Markotkh pass.
At a low speed of the air flow at the Markotkh pass, its drop is observed near the eastern shore, where the wind reaches speeds greater than at the pass.
When the wind speed at the pass is 30 meters per second or more, the air flow flies through the bay, and the place of its fall is observed near the western coast. The wind here reaches the same strength, and sometimes even more, than at the Markotkh pass and near the eastern shore of the bay. In this case, there is a "upper" bora.
The movement of the air flow in the Novorossiysk Bay and the place of its fall can be judged by the nature of the excitement. When bored, the waves are distinguished by a small length, but a very large steepness. The crests of the waves are torn off by the wind, forming “lambs” that are dotted with the surface of the bay at the place where the air flow falls, while the rest of the surface of the bay remains relatively calm.
There are four main bora modes. The first regime includes cases of runoff bora, characterized by the flow of a thin layer of cold air over the ridge and a significant increase in the flow velocity on the leeward slope due to gravity runoff. The runoff bora develops at large temperature contrasts between land and sea. It is observed only in Novorossiysk, mainly at night and in the morning. During the day, due to warming, the temperature contrasts decrease, the wind speed weakens. A runoff bora is observed near the eastern shore of the bay, its speed does not exceed 20 meters per second.
The second mode is characterized by the overflow of a powerful flow of cold air, much greater than the height of the obstacle. This is how intramass boron is formed.

In the third regime, the monsoonal bora, a two-layer air flow flows through the ridge, consisting of a lower cold and an upper warm one. On the border between them, wave processes develop, which periodically increase or decrease the density of air flow lines over the mountains and give the jet a pulsating character.
The fourth mode of the bora is of the frontal type. It is observed when a cold front crosses the ridge. At the same time, very high wind speeds are observed at the top of the Markothsky Range and in Novorossiysk, often reaching the strength of a hurricane. The frontal bora is never localized near Novorossiysk. It captures the entire stretch of coast from Anapa to Tuapse with maximum speeds in Novorossiysk and Gelendzhik.
Bora accompanied the inhabitants of Novorossiysk from the day the city was founded. So, the bora, which began on November 29, 1847, continued until mid-January 1848. But the north-east reached its terrible apogee on the night of January 12-13, 1848. A deadly tornado swept through the city and the sea. A 14-degree frost also came to his aid. There were many ships in the road in those days. Eight of them washed ashore, the sailors of these ships died.
Also destructive was the bora that began on December 9, 1899, when two steamers and two sailing schooners were washed ashore.
So, in December 1899, the Igor steamer, a large English steamer and several small ships were thrown out. The wind speed reached 40 meters per second at a temperature of -21 degrees. At the same time, part of the bay froze over, which was noted for the first time. In the port part, the Tsemess Bay also froze in 1907 and 1927.
It must be said that bora leads not only to catastrophes at sea, but also to great destruction on land. In the same year, 1899, many roofs were demolished in the city, wires were cut off, poles were knocked down, freight cars were overturned, and oil tanks on the embankment were demolished. From the spray formed ice up to 4 meters thick. With these manifestations of bora we meet now.
But the bora in 1907 crept up unnoticed. On January 5, the weather was still and calm. The next day a blizzard started. On January 8, the frost reached minus 30 degrees, the wind turned into a degree of 9 points, reached a speed of 40 meters per second, and the Tsemes Bay froze for the first time in its history. And through the bay on the ice it was possible to walk to the other side of the city. The ice was so strong that sometimes carriages even drove across it.
In the 20th century, there were also years when bora was especially raging. For example, from February 1 to February 6, 1954. Then all traffic stopped in the city, even the railway. The poles of lanterns on the embankment were covered with a layer of ice up to 60 cm thick. People could only move in groups, tightly holding hands or tied to each other. Cement factories stopped. The height of snowdrifts in the area of Mefodievka and the eastern side of the bay was 3-4 meters. There were human casualties. Bora in 1954 is remembered by Novorossiysk residents with snowdrifts reaching three to four meters in some places, so that some small houses in the northern part of the city were completely covered with snow.
The strong bora was March 12, 1968. It was still warm on March 8, the buds on the bushes and trees swelled. And from the middle of March 12, a thick snow blizzard with a hurricane wind raged over the city. By evening, deep snow drifts formed on all sidewalks and roads. The movement of buses and taxis has stopped.
1969 For five days - from January 15 to 20 - bora raged. The hurricane caused significant damage to the city.
There have been many ideas over the years to curb the elements. One of them is to dig tunnels in the mountains to equalize the pressure behind the mountains and in the Novorossiysk region. But no one can accurately predict whether such measures will save from bora.
Often the hurricane wind of the Novorossiysk bora reaches 40 meters per second, and the specialists of the weather station at Markotkh recorded a figure of 60 meters per second. On average, bora blows in Novorossiysk 32 days a year. Usually bora lasts from one to 3 days. But there may be storm periods lasting 6 or even 9 days. The maximum duration of bora can be up to 15 days with short-term relaxations. Most often, the wind speed during bora in the eastern part of the bay is higher than in the western part. Bora causes sea waves in the Tsemess Bay, and at negative temperatures, icing of ships, moorings and coastal structures. Due to the limited size of the bay during the bora, short waves are formed, but extremely steep. The excitement in different parts of the bay is different. So, near the eastern coast there is a calm zone 100 - 150 m wide, where the excitement does not exceed two decimeters. Further to the west, the bora intensifies and reaches a maximum value of 30 decimeters. With north-easterly gale-force winds and stormy seas, ships entering and leaving the port of Novorossiysk are impossible, since under these conditions there were cases when even large-tonnage ships were washed ashore.
Northeast winds of cyclonic origin encounter an obstacle on their way - the Svintsovy and Varada ridges. In this place, the air flow narrows vertically, because. the northeast wind is limited in height. According to one of the provisions of aerodynamics (the equation of continuity), than less area flow area for the air flow, the greater its speed. So the Novorossiysk bora is the same northeast wind (airflow) that causes dust storms in the Tikhoretsk region, breaks trees in Krasnodar and, having increased its speed on the ridge, falls like a hurricane on Novorossiysk. Air flow in this case does not change its original direction, the wind over the ridge remains north-easterly. The limitation of the flow in this direction in height by a layer of warm air is confirmed by long-term observations.

But if the increase in flow velocity over the ridge depends mainly on its vertical narrowing, then the increase in velocity will be less if the flow is more powerful in height (the height of the Varada ridge is constant, the upper boundary of the flow determines the degree of its narrowing). Does such a phenomenon take place? Yes, observations confirm that the more powerful the flow in height, the smaller the increase in wind speed and vice versa.
If the occurrence of bora is explained only by the law of continuity, then in Novorossiysk itself, in a port located at sea level, the wind speed should be the same and even less than, for example, in the village of Neberdzhaevskaya, located fifteen kilometers northeast of the Varada ridge and located on one hundred meters above sea level.
In reality, the wind speed in the city only slightly decreases compared to the wind speed on the ridges. Sometimes it even exceeds the wind speed at the pass. To explain this phenomenon, one should use another position of aerodynamics - the Bernoulli equation. It says that with a steady flow of air without heat exchange with environment the total energy of the flow along the jet is constant.
The air flow over the ridge has potential energy (the so-called "aerostatic pressure" - the energy of the air lifted to the height of the ridge air masses), which, when moving down, is converted into the kinetic energy of the wind - the “velocity head” increases. Transformation potential energy flow can, in particular, explain the increase in atmospheric pressure in Novorossiysk during the bora.
So, the whole variety of northeast winds in the Novorossiysk region is explained mainly by the two above laws.
Has the Novorossiysk bora been explored?
A special expedition of the Marine Hydrophysical Institute in the early 1950s was engaged in studying the formation and behavior of our remarkable and often destructive wind.

Bibliography:

1) Garkova, A. Nord-Ost is the boss in the city? Natural disaster [Text] / A. Garkova // Novorossiysk worker. - 1993. - November 13.
2) Dmitriev, A. "Bora" attacks [Text] / A. Dmitriev // Novorossiyskiy Rabochiy.- 1972.- 25 Feb.- P. 4
3) Yevtushenko, N. Oh, this element ... When the north-east raged [Text] / N. Yevtushenko // Novorossiysk worker. - 1989. - May 26.
4) Zakharchenko, N. Nord-Ost hit the coast [Text] / N. Zakharchenko// Free Kuban. - 2003. - November 12.
5) Kuznetsov, E. “Beard” will clear the air [Text]: north-east in Novorossiysk / E. Kuznetsov // Kuban news. - 2005. - 29 Oct.
6) Lukyashko, P. All about the same “pine forest” [Text] / P. Lukyashko // Novorossiyskiy Rabochiy.- 1970.- March 20.- P.3,4
7) Tricks of the north-east. Pages of the biography of the city [Text] // Novorossiysk worker. - 1975. - 12 Feb.
8) Rezaev, D. About our Nord-Osts [Text] / D. Rezaev // Novorossiysk worker. - 1956. - 23 Dec.
9) Rozhansky, E. Nord-Osty of Novorossiysk [Text]: the history of catastrophes / E. Rozhansky // Novorossiysk worker. - 2003. - 6 Jan.
10) Rybkina, M. If north-east? Tomorrow [Text]: obscure dates / M. Rybkina // Novorossiysk worker. - 1998. - 17 Dec. — P. 4-5.
11) Taming of the north-east. There is such a project [Text] // Novorossiysk worker. - 1986. - May 16.

Novorossiysk Bora (north-east)- a very strong wind in the Krasnodar Territory near Novorossiysk. Its strength reaches 45 - 50 meters per second. With gusts - up to 100 meters per second. Novorossiysk bora covers a small part of the coast from Anapa to Tuapse.

"Bora catastrophe, Novorossiysk, 1997" by Mikhail789 is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0

Residents of the city and the Novorossiysk forest

Do you want to experience the power northeast(so called boron in Novorossiysk)? Welcome to Novorossiysk! This Black Sea city is famous for its powerful winds. Watching how people "fight" with the elements, one immediately recalls the famous "Robert's Song" ("Come on, sing a song to us, merry wind ...") from the movie "Captain Grant's Children". A fierce wind often puts courageous citizens on their shoulder blades, who, in between gusts of wind, try to cling to any support ... Although, as the mind tells, it is better not to leave the house at all in such weather!

You can watch the Novorossiysk forest from the window of your apartment or house. Contemplating the violence of the wind, you can see a lot: garbage flying past, overturned trucks, uprooted trees and many other "charms" of the Novorossiysk forest.

If you still decide to go out: keep in mind that getting to your destination without "surprises" will not be easy. Moreover, your unequal "duel" with the elements can be filmed on a video camera ... and even worse - posted on YouTube.

So how is this wind formed? The thing is that the Novorossiysk bora is formed due to the peculiarities of the terrain. Novorossiysk and its environs are surrounded by the Varada mountain range. It is here that a wind of unheard-of power is formed, which falls on the poor city. And it's happening fast!

Novorossiysk bora is a seasonal phenomenon. In summer the wind "rests". It is warm and cozy in Novorossiysk and its surroundings. But towards the end of autumn, the bora wakes up. The closer to the cold weather, the stronger the north-east becomes wild. Usually a strong wind presses the city for 50 days a year! It is especially pronounced in November and March.

The video below shows a bora in Gelendzhik under "Robert's song".

A bit from the history of the Novorossiysk bora

Novorossiysk Bora- wind of unstable force. In some years, boron can reach truly awesome power. From the reports of the second half of the twentieth century, several years can be recorded in the asset of the Novorossiysk bora at once: 1954, 1963 and 1993.

So in 1954, a fierce wind covered a long distance at once: from Anapa to Tuapse. For a whole week in early February, the wind tormented its main victim: Novorossiysk. Moreover, the bora acquired "allies" in the confrontation with the inhabitants of the city. Heavy snowfall; unusual for this area frost of 15-17 degrees plus restless waves off the coast of the city accompanied the bora during the week. The city began to resemble an ice kingdom Snow Queen. A three-four meter snowdrifts only complemented the spectacle.

In 1963, the Novorossiysk Bora took on a new victim. This time the breeze hit two hefty ships from Greece and Lebanon. Ship captains underestimated the north-east. Bottom line: the Greek "Bendita" together with the Lebanese "Aylos II" were severely punished: the ships, like rose petals, were plucked from their anchors and the force of the Novorossiysk bora was thrown into the shallows. But the captains were warned! Probably, if they were more aware of this phenomenon, they would have gone farther into the sea from the coast.

30 years have passed. And in 1993, Bora excelled again.

Consequences of bora, Novorossiysk, November 11, 1993 by Mikhail789 is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0

In the autumn of this year, the north-east tormented the whole coast. Especially got Novorossiysk (photo above). Even Anapa and Tuapse did not escape the wrath of the hurricane. Bora was accompanied by slight frosts. The wind was merciless: 40 - 50 meter gusts made a mess in the city. Nord-Ost participated in the sinking of 3 ships. Several other ships were badly damaged. There were even human casualties. About two hundred houses lost their roofs. The total material damage from the Novorossiysk disaster was estimated at a huge amount: 14 billion rubles.

Nord-Ost in Gelendzhik is usually weaker than in the nearest neighbor - Novorossiysk. The mountains in the northeast of the city serve as a cover. But nevertheless, Gelendzhik is sometimes exposed to strong winds. Novorossiysk bora usually visits Gelendzhik at the end of the year - in November and December. It is worth noting that due to the local relief, the city does not receive much rainfall. In Novorossiysk, located very close by, it falls 2 times more!

Where else is boron found?

Such winds can occur in places where the warm sea and a low mountain range are close neighbors.

Similar winds are observed in some other parts of our planet. For example, strong bora visits the Adriatic coast of the Balkan Peninsula. There are several places in Russia where this phenomenon can be observed. The famous Lake Baikal is not without such a phenomenon as the north-east. Only this wind in these places is called sarma. Boron is also observed in the north of Russia: on Novaya Zemlya. What could be worse: a combination of severe frosts along with hurricane winds?

Novorossiysk forest is sometimes accompanied by such a phenomenon as a tornado!

Many tourists have written to me about media reports of gale-force winds in Novorossiysk. Like, how do people cope with such a natural disaster? And one even wrote that he was afraid to come to our city because of this wind. Journalists know how to scare people to raise their ratings. When they described the last hurricane in Novorossiysk, I even thought, is it really so terrible? Went out, walked around and looked around. What was built at random fell and broke. Yes, this is a natural disaster for the city, which causes a lot of trouble for the city economy. In winter, ice splashes reach the central Sovetov Street, forming a continuous ice cover. Hurricane winds can reach up to 50 meters per second in gusts. Many ships that do not have time to go to the open sea turn into blocks of ice and often go to the bottom. This is a natural phenomenon no worse than tornadoes in the USA. Usually in Novorossiysk for last years there are two hurricanes. One in the winter and one in the warm season. We recognize the approach of the wind by the gray beard that appears above the mountain range. Usually a hurricane wind blows for three days, but occasionally longer. I want to assure all tourists that the hurricane is not as terrible as they say about it. Resting in Gelendzhik or Anapa, be sure to come with an excursion to our beautiful Novorossiysk, where I will help you see it from all sides. Tourists should help each other. I will try to show in photographs how the beard of a hurricane wind looks like.

"Beard" of Nord-Ost over the Novorossiysk cement quarry.

This is how the "beard" hangs over the mountain range.