For careless students, the situation is further complicated by the fact that last years it is quite possible to “fill up” ZNO. If earlier the certificate with minimum points issued to schoolchildren in any case, then in 2018, in order to get your hands on the coveted document, you will have to score at least 24 primary points. Of particular importance in this respect is one of compulsory subjects submitted for final control - Ukrainian language and literature.
On the one hand, the language exam is considered a simple ZNO - students who cannot cope with this subject are extremely rare. On the other hand, a high score can be obtained only if the student understands the language norms and rules, has an excellent vocabulary and enthusiastically reads the recommended literature. And in order to simplify the process of preparing for this subject, we will tell you what the EIT will be like in Ukrainian language and literature in 2018, and how you can pass it with the highest score.
Demo version of ZNO
Date ZNO-2018 in Ukrainian
What will the ZNO look like in 2018?
The maximum primary points that can be obtained for the exam in Ukrainian language and literature is 104. The work is written for 180 minutes. Examination in this subject does not involve the use of additional items or reference material. Below we will describe the requirements for students, as well as list the sections, the knowledge of which will provide you with a high score for the exam paper.
ZNO program in the part of the Ukrainian language
Each student will have to show how successfully he mastered the sections on phonetics, orthoepy and spelling, mastered vocabulary and phraseology, understands the structure of words and the features of their formation, mastered morphology and syntax. In addition, in order to receive high scores, a graduate must have a developed speech and understand the style of the literary Ukrainian language. When checking the work, the commission will evaluate the following parameters:
- knowledge of the alphabet, as well as the rules for pronunciation and alternation of sounds;
- the ability to apply orthoepic norms when placing stresses, recognize spellings and apply the rules;
- the ability to explain the lexical norms of the Ukrainian language, to select words of a synonymous and antonymic nature, as well as to correctly apply phraseological units;
- understanding the structure of words, the ability to identify words with the same root;
- ability to differentiate nouns, adjectives, verbs, particles, prepositions, numerals, participles, participles and exclamations as parts of speech;
- mastering the skills of conjugation of verbs, declension of nouns, adjectives and numerals, as well as correct use parts of speech in language constructions and understanding the classification of parts of speech;
- skills in constructing sentences with different emotional coloring and grammatical structure, the ability to distinguish between sentences and phrases, the ability to parse a sentence into its component parts;
- mastering the skills of converting direct speech into indirect speech;
- the ability to recognize different styles of speech, as well as use the means of speech to achieve certain goals;
- the ability to memorize and relay the meaning of what was read, separating the main idea from secondary expressions, as well as the skills of critical reflection, analysis and retelling.
ZNO program in terms of literature
Take the time to prepare! At ZNO you have to solve 58 tasks in 180 minutes, which is impossible without careful preliminary work! In this part of the ZNO, students will have to show that they are familiar with oral folk art, as well as Ukrainian literary works of the 18th, 19th, 20th centuries, the work of émigré writers and the works created by postmodern authors. By checking this part of the work, the commission will evaluate:
- the ability to analyze literary works in terms of their main idea, characters and their motives, as well as the artistic means used by the author;
- knowledge works of art various genres;
- understanding of the following literary concepts: romanticism, realism, epic, drama, lyrics, satire, grotesque;
- the ability to find epithets, comparisons, metaphors, allegories, hyperbole in the work;
- the ability to navigate in the modernist and postmodernist directions of Ukrainian literature;
- skills in the use of rhetorical questions and poetic syntax, including inversion, tautology, parallelism.
Features of the examination work
Graduates will have to solve 58 tasks, divided into three parts:
- the first part - 33 tasks in the Ukrainian language;
- the second part - 24 assignments on Ukrainian literature;
- the third part - 1 task in the form of an essay.
All tasks from the first and second parts have different complexity:
- in tasks numbered 1-23, 29-33 and 34-53, it is enough to choose one correct answer from the list of suggested ones;
- in tasks with numbers 24-28 and 54-57, you should establish correspondence between the two columns by creating "logical pairs";
- task number 58 assumes that the student will write a short essay on a discussion topic, writing down his thoughts on a separate form.
By what criteria is the essay evaluated?
An essay is a piece of work that can bring up to 20 points, so it has special requirements. Students will be assessed according to several criteria:
- The first group of criteria covers the content and compositional design of thoughts. Members of the commission will check how well the student is able to formulate a thesis (this skill is estimated at 2 points), give arguments (2 points), use literary examples(2 points) and examples of a historical or life character (2 points), follows the logic and sequence of work (2 points), knows how to draw conclusions (2 points);
- The second group of criteria concerns the speech design of the text. A spell check can bring a student 4 points if he made no more than 1 mistake, 3 points if there were from 2 to 6 mistakes, 2 points if there were 7-11 mistakes, 1 point if the student made 12-16 mistakes. A higher number of errors means that this part of the work will be rated 0 points. The lexical, grammatical and stylistic components are evaluated separately. If the student managed to make no more than 1 mistake, then he will earn 4 points, from 2 to 4 mistakes - 3 points, from 5 to 7 mistakes - 2 points, from 8 to 10 mistakes - 1 point. If the number of errors exceeded 11, this part of the work is estimated at 0 points.
Separately, it should be said that the student will need to write a paper with a volume of at least 100 words - essays of a smaller volume will not be evaluated.
How is the ZNO assessed in the Ukrainian language?
A high score for ZNO will be able to correct a low grade for a subject in the certificate Based on the results of the ZNO, students are given a final mark, which directly affects the school certificate. This does not take into account the results of all tasks of the ticket, but only the points received for tasks No. 1–23, 29–33 and 58. The transfer of points to a 12-point scale is as follows:
- 0-5 points correspond to 1 point in the school system;
- 6–10 - 2 points;
- 11–15 - 3 points;
- 16–20 - 4 points;
- 21–26 - 5 points;
- 27–32 - 6 points;
- 33–38 - 7 points;
- 39–43 - 8 points;
- 44–49 - 9 points;
- 50–55 - 10 points;
- 56–61 - 11 points;
- 62–68 - 12 points.
If a student fails to score at least 24 primary points, his work is evaluated at 0 points, which means that the certificate is not issued. Modern system receipts is arranged in such a way that it is difficult to understand in advance what the passing score for the budget will be. The final distribution of places depends on the current competition in the university for your chosen specialty, what scores other applicants can boast of, and how they have distributed their priorities.
Certainly, students high scores are unlikely to “fly by” by state-funded places (excluding those cases when a university is given only 1-2 budget places). Thus, for guaranteed admission to the budget, it is worth scoring at least 92 primary points out of 104 for the ZNO in Ukrainian language and literature.
How to prepare for the exam?
Download past years tickets and use them to prepare for the exam! The combination of the linguistic and literary parts in one ticket means that you will have to take many days to prepare for this ZNO. Success in passing the EIT largely depends on whether you follow our recommendations.
- Take textbooks for all the years of learning the Ukrainian language or methodological developments to prepare for the ZNO, carefully repeat all the rules and exceptions;
- Stock up on books on literature to comprehend the terminology and learn to recognize artistic techniques;
- Download and solve last year's tickets (see links at the beginning of the article). This way you will be able to understand the assessment criteria, as well as the structure and content of the EIT;
- Hone your usage skills language norms- regularly write dictations, trying to perceive by ear not only pronunciation, but also syntactic and punctuation points. This exercise will help you develop a sense of language;
- Write a dozen essays on the topics that were offered to students in tickets from previous years. At the same time, strictly adhere to the criteria on the basis of which the commission will evaluate the essay in a real exam. So you will bring the observance of these norms to automatism;
- Make a plan for studying literary works submitted to ZNO. Authors whose works may appear in tickets: G. Skovoroda, I. Kotlyarevsky, T. Shevchenko, P. Kulish, I. Nechuy-Levitsky, P. Mirny, I. Karpenko-Kary, I. Franko, M. Kotsyubinsky, O Kobylyanska, L. Ukrainka, P. Tychyna, M. Rylsky, V. Sosyura, O. Cherry, A. Dovzhenko, V. Simonenko, O. Gonchar, V. Stus, L. Kostenko. In addition, the exam program includes oral folk art, postmodernist writers and ancient works such as "The Tale of Igor's Campaign" and "Tales of Past Years". Such an impressive list suggests that the works will have to be read from the very beginning of the year;
- It would not be superfluous to read the criticism of the works included in the ZNO program - this way you can better understand the works of a philosophical orientation and isolate main idea, embedded in them by the author;
- Do not forget to take tests on online ZNO simulators - this will help you consolidate the terminology and teach you how to make decisions quickly.