Zakharchenko-Schulz Maria Vladislavovna. Svezhinskaya Maria Vladislavovna Zakharchenko Maria Vladislavovna

Citizenship:

Russian empire

Date of death: Father:

V. G. Lysov

Spouse:

I. S. Mikhno;
G. A. Zakharchenko

Awards and prizes:

Maria Vladislavovna Zakharchenko-Schultz(nee Lysova, in first marriage Mikhno listen)) is a political activist of the white movement. From nobles. Participant of the First World War, Civil War, White Movement, Gallipoli, one of the leaders of the ROVS Combat Organization, terrorist, intelligence officer.

Biography

The formation of personality

Masha Lysova was born in the family of a real state councilor V. G. Lysov. Masha's mother died shortly after giving birth. Masha spent the first years of her life in the Penza province, in her parents' estate, and in the city of Penza, where she received a good home education. From a young age, horses have been her passion. She continued her studies at , which she graduated in 1911 with a gold medal. After graduating from Smolny, she spent a year studying in Lausanne. Returning to her native estate, she put the economy in order and created a small exemplary stud farm. In 1913 she married a participant in the Japanese war, the captain of the Life Guards of the Semenovsky regiment I. S. Mikhno. The young people settled in St. Petersburg on Zagorodny Prospekt, house 54 - in this house there were state-owned apartments for officers of the regiment.

Participation in World War I

With the outbreak of the First World War, Mikhno, along with the regiment, left for the front, where he was soon seriously wounded and died in his wife's arms. Three days after her husband's death, Mary gave birth to a daughter. She decided to replace her dead husband's place at the front. By the highest permission received with the help of the Empress and her eldest daughter, Maria, under the name of her first husband, Mikhno, leaving her daughter in the care of relatives, at the beginning of 1915 entered the 3rd Elizavetgrad Hussars of Her Imperial Highness Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna Regiment - Regiment of the Russian Imperial Army, whose chief was Grand Duchess Olga. Immediately she was enlisted in the fifth squadron of captain P. P. Obukh. Subsequently, one of Maria's fellow soldiers, staff captain B. N. Arkhipov, recalled her first time in the regiment:

Maria Vladislavovna did not ride badly like a man, but, of course, she had never been trained in the use of weapons and reconnaissance: therefore, from a combat point of view, she was useless. Moreover, the constant day and night presence of a young woman disguised as a hussar was very embarrassing for officers and soldiers. The regiment commander would not mind getting rid of such a volunteer, but he was confirmed that everything was done at the personal request of the Sovereign Emperor. Had to come to terms with the fait accompli

However, this skeptical attitude towards women soon changed. As the same Arkhipov recalled: “It should be mentioned that during the period spent in the ranks of the regiment, being constantly in military affairs, M.V. Mikhno learned everything that was required from a combatant hussar, and could compete on equal terms with men, distinguished by fearlessness, especially in intelligence. Maria received her St. George's Crosses as follows: in November 1915, having volunteered to be a guide to the reconnaissance team of her division, at night she led her detachment to the rear of a German company. The enemy was hacked and captured. During another reconnaissance, Maria, who was accompanied by two soldiers, went to the German outpost, which opened fire on the hussars. One of the soldiers was killed, another was wounded. Maria, herself wounded, under enemy fire, managed to take out a wounded colleague from under fire. The next incident that happened to Maria, by that time already a non-commissioned officer, occurred in 1916 in Dobruja, when a squadron of hussars under the command of staff captain von Baumgarten occupied one Bulgarian village. Riding a horse into a yard, Maria ran into a Bulgarian infantryman. Not at a loss, she began to shout at him in such a frantic voice that the soldier was confused, threw down his rifle and surrendered. Subsequently, he was embarrassed to learn that he was captivated by a young woman.

At the end of 1916, the regiment was withdrawn from the front to rest and at the end of January 1917 stood in Bessarabia. There he was caught by the February Revolution.

Revolution and Civil War

The Elizavetgrad regiment remained one of the few units of the Russian army that was not affected by decomposition. Hussars maintained discipline, relations between officers and privates remained within the framework of charters. However, by the end of 1917, after the Bolshevik coup, the regiment's employees left its location, going home.

Arriving in her native land, Maria was faced with terrible pictures of the revolution - her estate and stud farm were devastated, crowds robbed shops in the city of Penza, and burned landowners' estates in the villages. And everywhere they killed - mercilessly, senselessly, with impunity. Maria organized the "Union of Self-Defense" and a partisan detachment from the Penza student youth to protect private property in the Penza district. Memoirists Roman Gul and Staff Captain Arkhipov reported that Maria's detachment severely took revenge on the peasants whose villages took part in the extermination of landowners' estates by burning peasant huts, however, later researchers tend to believe that Maria's detachments never completed the formation stage and in did not take part in real affairs.

The real thing for Mary was the transfer of officers from Penza to the White armies. No one helped her - she alone, only with the help of an old maid, hid former officers at her place and, having provided them with documents, sent them to the whites. This was her first experience of underground work in the rear of the Bolsheviks. Then she met her old acquaintance, an officer of the 15th Lancers Regiment, who in the spring of 1918 became her second husband, under whose last name and gained subsequent fame - G. A. Zakharchenko - he was wounded in the house of Mary while he was recovering - they got closer. When the activities of Mary nevertheless came to the attention of the Bolsheviks, both of them had to make their way to the whites. The path to the Volunteer Army was round and very long - G. A. Zakharchenko managed to get documents of Persian subjects. So, under the guise of "Persians", the Zakharchenko couple traveled from Moscow through Astrakhan to the Middle East - according to one version, through Mesopotamia, occupied by the British, they ended up in Armenia, having made a sea voyage through the Persian Gulf and the Suez Canal, according to another version - their path lay through India.

In 1919-1920. - a volunteer in the All-Union Socialist Youth League, in the 15th Lancers Regiment, commanded by her husband, Colonel Zakharchenko. She was distinguished by fearlessness in battles and cruelty to prisoners, whom she preferred not to take, for which she received the nickname "Mad Mary". In the autumn of 1920, having buried her husband, who died of blood poisoning after a serious wound, she was seriously wounded near Kakhovka - early frosts set in, and frostbite of the extremities was added to the gunshot wound. After the Crimean evacuation, Maria found herself in the Gallipoli camp.

Emigration. In the Combat Organization of General Kutepov

After the Gallipoli camp, she first came to the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, and then to Western Europe. Probably, Maria Zakharchenko became one of the first members of the Combat Organization of General Kutepov, whose task was to continue the armed struggle against Bolshevism, including by committing terrorist acts on the territory of the USSR.

In October 1923, she, together with her colleague - Captain G. N. Radkovich, a former life huntsman, who became her third, civil, husband, with whom she met while still in the Gallipoli camp - under the guise of a married couple named Schultz, illegally crossed the Soviet-Estonian border and traveled to Petrograd and Moscow on a secret assignment from General Kutepov. It was her first clandestine illegal visit to Soviet Russia. In subsequent years, there will be many more such illegal visits and long stays in the USSR.

Zakharchenko-Schultz became one of the key figures in the operation "Trust" carried out by the Chekists - a provocation designed to discredit and destroy the ROVS and reduce the "activism" of the White emigration. Using the spouses "Schultz" blindly, the Chekists for a long time managed to control and even direct the activities of the EMRO. Zakharchenko-Schultz was used to lure the British intelligence officer Sydney Reilly to Soviet territory.

However, over time, it became more and more difficult to restrain the "activism" of the militants Kutepov and personally Zakharchenko-Schultz. Despite the calls of the NKVD agents who were in the leadership of the "Trust" to abandon terrorist attacks and "accumulate forces", Zakharchenko-Schultz sought to change the policy of the ROVS and Kutepov personally, whom she knew well, in the direction of conducting active sabotage and terrorist actions against the Bolshevik leadership. She proposed to create the Union of National Terrorists (SNT) - an organization that would engage in terror in the territory of the USSR.

I was given to Maria Vladislavovna Zakharchenko-Schultz and her husband under special protection. Her husband was an officer ... According to her cards, taken in her youth, she was a pretty woman, not to say beautiful. I recognized her already at the age of withering, but still something was preserved in her features. She was slightly above average height, with delicate features. She experienced a lot, and her face, of course, bore the seal of all trials, but the woman was hardy and had absolutely exceptional energy ... she worked "in chemistry", that is, she developed, reprinted secret correspondence, which was written with chemical ink ... I had to have frank conversations with Maria Vladislavovna. One day she told me: “I am getting old. I feel that this is my last strength. I invested everything in the Trust, if it breaks, I will not live.

On the opposite edge of the forest, in the interval between the targets, a man and a woman stand side by side, each holding a revolver. They raise their revolvers up. The woman turns to us, shouting: - For Russia! - and shoots himself in the temple. The man also shoots, but in the mouth. Both fall.
... Once again I saw this heroine in two hours. In a modest gray dress, she lay right on the ground at the headquarters of our regiment. Below average height. Middle-aged. Brown hair. Deadly pale face, pointed nose, closed eyes. Barely noticeable breath. Unconscious.

Relatives

In the research literature, Maria Vladislavovna is mentioned as the niece of A.P. Kutepov. Researcher A. S. Gasparyan, however, rejected this relationship, pointing out that although Kutepov himself called Maria Dmitrievna and her husband Radkovich "nephews", this was nothing more than a nickname.

First husband Ivan Sergeevich Mikhno (?? -1914) - officer of the guard, participant in the Russian-Japanese war. He died in the first months of the Great War, being in the position of head of a team of mounted scouts.

Second husband Grigory Alexandrovich Zakharchenko (1875-1920), captain. Served in the Persian Brigade. Colonel of the 15th Lancers. In the Volunteer Army since June 1919 in the division of the 15th Lancers. Wounded near Kakhovka and died of wounds in the summer of 1920.

The third husband Georgy Nikolaevich Radkovich (1898-1928) (underground pseudonym Schultz), a member of the Kutepov Combat Organization and Operation Trust.

In culture

Zakharchenko-Schultz was one of the characters in the novel by the Soviet writer L.V. Nikulin "Dead Swell", which tells about the KGB operation "Trust". The role of Maria Vladislavovna in the film Operation Trust, staged in 1967 based on this novel, was played by the Soviet theater actress Lyudmila Kasatkina.

Notes

Zakharchenko-Schultz Maria Vladislavovna (Russian) // Vestnik ROVS: Magazine. - 2003. - No. 6-7.

On June 23, 1927, in a shootout with OGPU officers near the Dretun station near Polotsk, a participant in the First World War and the Civil War, a political activist of the white movement, one of the leaders of the ROVS Combat Organization, a scout, Zakharchenko, Maria Vladislavovna Schultz, died - a woman of extraordinary fate! In 33 years of her life, she fit many heroic deeds. She performed most of her feats in secret, but even what we know causes genuine admiration.

Masha was born in 1893 on an estate in the Penza province. in the family of state councilor Lysov. She graduated from the Smolny Institute, married a Lieutenant of the Life Guards Semenovsky Regiment Ivan Sergeevich Mikhno, but in 1914 her husband died from severe wounds received in battle. In the spring of 1915, she was enrolled as a volunteer in the 5th squadron of the 3rd Elisavetgrad Hussar Regiment under the name of Andrei Mikhno, fought bravely and desperately (she was awarded two St. George's crosses and a medal for courage). In the autumn of 1917, after the Bolshevik coup, she returned to her estate, hiding volunteer officers at her place. She had a whole system of transferring White Guards with carts going east for salt, and with her faithful old maid she personally checked this road. In the thickets of her Penza garden and under the stairs in the closet of the wing, many, many officers who fled from the Bolshevik bullet found shelter and help. Incidentally, General Rozanov, later Kolchak's chief of staff, was also transported across the front. She remarried the former captain of the 15th Ulansky Tatar Regiment Zakharchenko, together with him she made her way to the Kuban, fought in the troops of Denikin and Wrangel in the Crimea, was seriously wounded in the chest, and had typhus. And a new loss: in the battles near Kakhovka, the commander of the 2nd Cavalry Regiment, Colonel Zakharchenko, died of blood poisoning. The furious avenger received the nickname "Mad Mary" from the Reds. They say that she personally machine-gunned captured commissars and Chekists. With the army of Wrangel, she went to Turkey, was in the Gallipoli camp. She married a friend of her youth, life ranger, captain Georgy Nikolaevich Radkovich. At the end of September 1923, together with her husband, she secretly crossed the Soviet-Estonian border and arrived in Petrograd under the surname Schultz, later - in Moscow under the surname Krasnoshtanov (she also had everything in order with humor). In the Central Market, she and her husband opened a tent selling small consumer goods; to strengthen confidence in the monarchist organization "Trust", she was offered secretarial and cipher work: the mail sent by the "Trust" now went through her. She crossed the border several times through the "window", was in Finland, Poland, Paris, met with Kutepov.
At the beginning of June 1927 - after the April scandal with the failure and debunking of the "Trust", Maria Vladislavovna's group committed an unsuccessful arson of the KGB hostel on Malaya Lubyanka, house 3/6. The attempt ended in failure - the terrorists were discovered by the guards before everything was prepared for sabotage. It was not possible to activate the mine, only one melinite bomb managed to explode, which caused a fire, which was easily extinguished. They are tried to go abroad, but On June 23, 1927, in the forest near the village of Sitno near the Dretun station of the Moscow-Belarusian-Baltic railway, Maria and her colleague Yuri took the last battle with the Red Army and committed suicide, not wanting to surrender.
As one of the eyewitnesses to the death of Zakharchenko-Schultz, a Red Army soldier who was present at the shooting range at that moment, reported:

"At the opposite edge of the forest, in the interval between the targets, a man and a woman stand side by side, each holding a revolver in their hands. They raise their revolvers up. The woman turns to us, shouts: - For Russia! - and shoots herself in the temple. The man also shoots ", but in the mouth. Both fall. ... I saw this heroine again two hours later. In a modest gray dress, she lay right on the ground near the headquarters of our regiment. Below average height. Middle-aged. Brown hair. Deathly pale face, pointed nose, closed eyes. Barely noticeable breathing. Unconscious."

Maria Vladislavovna Zakharchenko-Schultz(nee Lysova, in first marriage Mikhno; 1893-1927) - political activist of the white movement. From nobles. Participant of World War I, Civil Wars, White Movement, Gallipoli, one of the leaders of the Combat Organization ROVS, terrorist, intelligence officer.

Biography

The formation of personality

Masha Lysova was born in the family of a real state councilor V. G. Lysov. Masha's mother died shortly after giving birth. Masha spent the first years of her life in the Penza province, in her parents' estate, and in the city of Penza, where she received a good home education. From a young age, horses have been her passion. She continued her studies at the Smolny Institute, from which she graduated in 1911 with a gold medal. After graduating from Smolny, she spent a year studying in Lausanne. Returning to her native estate, she put the economy in order and created a small exemplary stud farm. In 1913, she married a participant in the Japanese war, captain of the Life Guards Semyonovsky Regiment Ivan Sergeevich Mikhno. The young people settled in St. Petersburg on Zagorodny Prospekt, house 54 - in this house there were state-owned apartments for officers of the regiment.

Participation in World War I

With the outbreak of the First World War, Mikhno, along with the regiment, left for the front, where he was soon seriously wounded and died in his wife's arms. Three days after her husband's death, Mary gave birth to a daughter. She decided to replace her dead husband's place at the front. By the highest permission received with the help of the Empress and her eldest daughter, Maria, under the name of her first husband, Mikhno, leaving her daughter in the care of relatives, at the beginning of 1915 entered the 3rd Elizavetgrad Hussars of Her Imperial Highness Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna Regiment - Regiment of the Russian Imperial Army, whose chief was Grand Duchess Olga. Immediately she was enlisted in the fifth squadron of captain P. P. Obukh. Subsequently, one of Maria's brother-soldiers, staff captain B. N. Arkhipov, recalled her first time in the regiment:

Maria Vladislavovna did not ride badly like a man, but, of course, she had never been trained in the use of weapons and reconnaissance: therefore, from a combat point of view, she was useless. Moreover, the constant day and night presence of a young woman disguised as a hussar was very embarrassing for officers and soldiers. The regiment commander would not mind getting rid of such a volunteer, but he was confirmed that everything was done at the personal request of the Sovereign Emperor. Had to come to terms with the fait accompli

At the end of 1916, the regiment was withdrawn from the front for rest, and at the end of January 1917 it was stationed in Bessarabia. There he found the February Revolution.

Revolution and Civil War

The Elizavetgrad regiment remained one of the few units of the Russian army that was not affected by decay. Hussars maintained discipline, relations between officers and privates remained within the framework of charters. However, by the end of 1917, after the October Revolution, the regiment's employees left its location, going home.

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LIGHT MEMORY
MARIA ZAKHARCHENKO
(1893-1927)

Russia! Don't forget the heroes
By their names You are strong
And their own sacrificial blood
Your land is irrigated.

Not so long ago in Russian Federationon televisiononce again de monstered co Veteran multi-seriesfilm "Opera tion "Trust" . Thispicture recognizedone of the classicSoviet tapes cinematography, was removed in 1967 year not based onunknown ro mana laureate Sta Ling Prize L.V. Nikulin "Dead swell" who sang"feats" VChK- OGPU in the fight againstWhite emigration and White underground in the USSR.

Engage in film criticism "Operation Trust" , as well as criticism of the novel itself "Dead swell" , we are certainly not going to. Both productsDenia were "ideologically sustained" and, shamelesslychivo distorting historical facts, pursuedwell-defined propaganda purposes. EUNaturally, all Chekists and their provocateurs are depictedhuddled there noble, smart, kind andfearless patriots; kutepovtsy aboutwhose anti-communists are vicious and vicious enemies, or even just criminals and degenerates.

But what a paradox: even in this KGB series, the sympathy and sympathy of the audiencesomehow involuntarily evoked an image Maria Vladisla vovny Zakharchenko-Schultz- heads of kuTepo militants in sub-Soviet Russia. AT "Ope walkie-talkies "Trust" role Maria Zakharchenko in my own waybrilliant actress played Ludmila Kasatkina. But it was not so much a matter of doubtnom talent of the Soviet film actress, how many othergom: the very image of a beautiful, charming and smart Russiansky woman, stalemateriotki, with a tinya group of officers like-minded people rushing into probably riskynew fight against huge army OGPU, just nocould leave seelei indifferent. any complete and authentic biography Ma Riya Vladislavovna Zakharchenko-Schultz, unfortunately so far don't write to anyone else dignity(1) . Meanwhile the name of this amazing Russian womanwe still do not descend from the pages of numerousmany books and articles on the history of the Greatand civil wars Russian White emigration and,especially, the history of the infamous operation"Trust". However, this situation is explainedeasy: no heads ROVS(for one reasonus), nor the leaders of the Soviet special services (according to others) for a long time were not interested inthat the details of the biography of the legendaryheroines white movement were made public ty.

The first to tell in print about the unprecedented (really unprecedented!)feat Maria Zakharchenko, was famous in emigwalkie-talkie talented Russian publicist Nicholas Aleksandrovich Tsurikov (2) - very close personto work Russian General Military Union. We havethere are serious grounds for believing thatthis one was written at the personal request ofgeneral A. P. Kutepova(at that time - the mainhead of "special work"), based onclassified materials provided by thescrap at the disposal of a journalist. Alas, completelyuse them then to write a biographyRussian heroine publicist still could not.

“From what lies in what was given to me material, - wrote the first biographer of Mary Zakarchenko , - I can convey, perhaps only to half ... Talk about the life of M. V. before the start la her militant, revolutionary work one by one considerations and talk about the details how this work proceeded in Russia, others- does not appear now possible..."

Indeed, reading the brilliant article by N.A. Tsurikov 1927, you are convinced that the author deliberately keeps silent about many things, keeps silent, and, perhaps, sometimes intentionally “doesmistakes" (to confuse workers OGPU, which, undoubtedly, this material is also readwhether and analyzed). Only later, whenit became possible to remove the veil of secrecy, inemigrant press appeared more detailedinformation about Maria Zakharchenko, but unfortunately,also leaving a lot of "white spots" inbiographies of the Russian heroine. What are we in actionknow about it?

SMOLYANKA
Masha Lysova(that was her maiden nameliya) was born December 9, 1893 in the dey familygood state councilor(3) VladislavGerasimovich Lysov. According to N. A. Tsuri kov, Masha lost her mother very early: she died shortly after the birth of her daughter. Firstyears of life Masha held in the city of Penza and PenZensky province, in the parental estate. Firstshe received her primary education at home, and forthat was given to study in St. Petersburg, in the banner ty Smolny Institute for Noble Maidens - the best educational institution for girls in Russia from noble families. Study and life at the institute have always been very strict. But the reputation is pitchnok is well known: brilliant education, prered education; the best pupils on windowsinstitute could be identified in the servicebu to the yard. Name Maria Vladislavovna Lysova can be found in the list of smolyanka among forty-fivealumni Imperial Educational Society nobility of noble maidens 1911 (79th edition)(4) .

At the age of twenty, she marriedhusband for an officer L.-Guards. Semyonovsky regiment Ivan Sergeevich Mikhno. The young couple settled at 54 Zagorodny Prospekt, whereshooting ranges lived most of the family and single officers of the regiment (5 ) . But the relatively serene life of a regimental lady of one of the mostalloy regiments Imperial Guard wasvery short: soon struckIWorld War. In August 1914 staff captain Mikhno sendinggoes with the regiment to the front in the position of chiefka horse scout teams (6) . In the same yearseriously wounded, he died in the arms of his young wife. And now, she is already a heartbroken widow with a tiny, just born child in her arms.

This loss shook the young twenty-twoold woman, but she did not lose heart: the answerthe death of a loved one was the decision to addvoluntarily go to the front - into service, so that with a yellwe live in the hands of a dead husband. At that timeme in Russian Army woman in the militarywas an exceptional case, almost unheard ofsince the time of the famous "cavalry girl", corneta N. A. Durovoy. It's later in 1917, duringtimes of Kerenskyism, in the ranks of the decaying Ros siyan army will begin to form "exotickie" women's shock battalions and separatewomen's communication teams. But in 1914 womanin the regimental ranks, it was even hard to imaginebut! Any military commander on a similar requeston the part of a young lady would answer, of course,surprise and categorical refusal. At its bestcase, one could count on the positionsisters of mercy ... And then the recent smolyankadecides to seek help Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna (1895-1918)- senior Augusteldest daughters Emperor Nicholas II.

Yet in 1909 Sovereign appointed Great Princess Olga Nikolaevna at the boss 3rd Hussars Elisavetgrad regiment. It was a bigTew for an army regiment, and Elisavetgrad Goryenjoyed such patronage.

“... We are not foil hussars,
Each of us is cast damask steel,
We protect the name of Olga.
White mentic and standard.
In the field of battle, in the field of honor
The name of Olga is law to us ... " (7)

So sung in "Regimental song Elisavetgrads kih hussar". From my side, Grand DuchessOlga Nikolaevna loved her regiment, interesttook care of his life and gave him all the attention (8) . During the war Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna, like the other August DaughtersEmperor Nicholas II, was in Petrogradand selflessly cared for the wounded, butzi with her regiment did not lose. to her, and to Empress Alexandra Feodorovna , and turna young widow with an unusual request - onmean it in 3rd Hussar Elisavetgradsky E.I. High V. Princess Olga Nikolaevna regiment volunteer. The Empress asked the Sovereign, and he,showing attention, ordered the Minister of War,adjutant general, cavalry general V.A. Sukhomlinov make appropriate arrangementsa promise that was fulfilled...(9)

Overcoming all the many obstacles andformalities Maria Vladislavovna leaveschild in the care of loved ones and in 1915 joins as a volunteer 3rd Hussars Elisavetgradsky E. I. Vys. V. Princess Olga Nikolaevna regiment.

IN THE RANKS OF THE ELISAVETGRAD HUSSARS
From the very beginning of the Great War, Elisavetgradsky hussars took part in the battles in East Prus these, spring 1915- fought in Lithuania. Maria Vladislavovna Mikhpo arrived in the regiment early the weight noah 1915. She was immediately enrolled in fiveth squadron captain P. P. Obukh under the namevolunteer Andrey Mikhno (10) . Vpos later, already in exile, one of his brother-soldiersMaria Vladislavovna, Staff Captain B.N. Arkhipo in, speaking of her first steps at the front, on writes:

“Maria Vladislavovna did not ride badly like a man, but, of course, she never began to possess weapons and intelligence: it means that from a combat point of view was useless. Few moreover, the constant presence day and night young woman disguised as a hussar, veryembarrassed officers and soldiers. Regiment commanderand would not mind getting rid of suchrole, but he was confirmed that everything was donebut at the personal request of the Sovereign Imperatora. I had to come to terms with what happened. fact" (10) .

But soon Maria Mikhno, at first soskeptically met in the regiment, managed to provethat her arrival at the front is not a young whimeccentric lady who received patronage Veli Coy Princess Olga Nikolaevna and the Staterow. She went to war for real. How zaswitnessed one of her biographers, nothing booTaforian, nothing masquerade, nothing from "those atral dressing ” was not in this woman.Always modest, exceptionally tactful, shesomehow knew how not to lose her femininity evenin the midst of the most terrible military suffering. Butat the same time, she was given something else: she boldly walked onmeeting any danger, and this fascinated the othergih, knew how to subjugate people and lead them.Not only officers of the regiment, but also soldiers who havefemale volunteers often called ifnot outright ill will, but laughter, surpriselied to her, respected and seriously honored her(11) .

"It should be mentioned - noted laterStaff Captain Arkhipov- that for the period spent in the ranks of the regiment, being constantly in military affairs, M. V. Mikhno learned everything that was required from a combatant hussar, and could compete on equal terms with men, differing fearlessness, especially in intelligence » (12) .

One day, volunteering to see offcom to the intelligence team of his division (casetook place in November), at night she brought out herdetachment in the rear of a German company. The Germans were killedyou, the survivors, are taken prisoner. Duringother intelligence Maria Vladislavovna, former inaccompanied by two soldiers, came acrossto the German outpost. The enemy opened fire.One of the soldiers was killed, another was wounded. But Maria Vladislavovna, wounded herself, under terrible firehim, managed to endure in her arms her expiredwith the blood of a comrade(11) .

And here is another combat episode that happened withMaria Vladislavovna y, by that timealready a non-commissioned officer. In 1916, in Dob rouge, the fifth squadron of the Elisavetgrd hussars underteam Staff Captain von Baumgarten occupied one Bulgarian village. Ride on horsebacksome kind of yard Maria Vladislavovna but unexpectedlyran into a Bulgarian infantry soldier andbegan to shout at him in such a frantic voice that the soldier was taken aback, threw down his rifle and raisedarms. Then he was very embarrassed when he found outthat he was taken captive by a woman...(13)

Two George Crosses and medals "For courage growth" adorned during the Great War the chest of thisa small, outwardly very fragile woman ... In fact, only this one page of her biografii - feat on the front of the Great War - already happenedwould be enough for us today, in the year of the 75th anniversarydeath Maria Zakharchenko respectfully rememberwhether the name of this Russian heroine. But the Lord willlet her go all the way. To end...

At the turn of 1916-1917 3rd Hussars Elisavetgradsky E. I. Vys. V. Princess Olga Niko laevny regiment was taken from the front to rest and in late January 1917 stood in Bessarabia. Here he found the tragic events February.

"Rethe revolution in the regiment was accepted with restraint, - testified by one of the officers, Elisavetggladtsev Colonel A. Ryabinin, - relations betweendu officers and hussars were quite good mi. Discipline was maintained" (14) .

Elisavetgradts were one of the very few parts Russian Army, who until the end retained relative discipline in their ranks and, on the whole, did not succumb torevolutionary sentiment. Only At Christmas 1917/18 by putting on your magnificent dressform and without recognizing the Bolshevik power,hussars began to leave the regiment in large groups (14) .Then the regiment and all the officers left. Commandershelf, Colonel Takaev with several officermi tried to sneak in Volunteer Ar miyu, but on the way they were arrested and shot, other officers managed to get through South Russia and take part in white wrestling e(7) .

IN FIRE civil war
After the Bolshevik coup and collapsefront Maria Vladislavovna returned to birthwell - to the parental estate in the Penza province research institutes.

She presented a terrible picture at that timePenza land: in the city of Penza distraughtfrom the "freedom" of the crowd robbed shops, in treesnyah - they burned the landowners' estates. And everywhere they killed - senselessly, mercilessly and with impunity. So,in those very days at the station square by lynchingkilled some kapi passing through PenzaTan for the fact that he has not taken off his epaulettes yet. After,having stripped the officer to the naked, with a boom and laughter, the "revolutionaries" dragged his corpse through the snow Moscow street- then up, then down. Penza old landowner Lukin, along with her daughter painmarching peasants at a rural gatheringthey began to kill and ... beat with stakes. At the same time killed in the landowner's own estate violins on the, and then "for fun" pushed his naked corpsein a barrel of sour cabbage. And all this with laughter - « now our power! Folk!” (15) . And how much more such episodes were seen by the Penza land and the wholeRussia in those "cursed days"?..

Noted émigré writer R. B. Gul - countryman Maria Vladislavovna, in his chronicle"Red Horse" wrote:

“On the same days, with a detachment of some desperate youth in Penza the county rode on horseback returning from the front maiden Maria Vladislavovna Lysova, future famous white terrorist Zakharcheiko- Schultz, by setting fire to villages, taking revenge on the peasants for murders of landlords and destruction of estates.

Something similar, and even with the addition of "underdetails” can be read and the article has already mentionedmentioned above Staff Captain Arkhipov (9) , and already after him and in the works of other authors, writingShih about Maria Zakharchenko. But here it is necessaryexplanation. Indeed, having returned from the front to his homeland, and finding there a picture of a generalla and robbery, Maria Vladislavovna at your own risk andrisk began to create a partisan detachmentyes, by attracting young students into its ranks. There was not a single officer in this detachment. As statedsome knowledgeable sources are waiting, notthere were no "arson of villages", as well as horse yardsdov on the rebellious villages. The point is that fromrow Maria Mikhno never got out of a hundreddii formations, and therefore in no combatcases or punitive operations against pogromshe simply could not take part(16) .

About this period of life Maria Vladislavovna her biographers speak very sparingly. It is only clear thatan attempt to form a partisan detachment, throughoutprobability, was not crowned with success, and Maria Vla dislavovna left Penza. And then, beingdeep in the rear of the red army, she learns thatsomewhere is fighting the Bolsheviks white army. This news gives her strength. And again according toinitiative,"With the help of one to the old maid" , - clarifies N. A. Tsurikov, - Maria Vladislavovna organizes a serious and extremely risky business. She shelters herselfvolunteer officers and secret ways to helptells them to sneak into the ranks White troops. Factshonestly, this was her first serious experience of the undergroundnoah work in the rear of the Bolsheviks. According to N. A. Tsurikov, this work, which had large reresults, Maria Vladislavovna stopped, onlywhen discovered...(11)

At this time, she meets her ex friend - an officer of the 15th Lancers Tatar field ka(9) Zakharchenko and spring 1918 marry himmarried. Soon couple Zakharchenko sneaks on Kuban and enters Volunteer Army (16) . However, it seems that before wife Zakhar chenko sneaked into the area Dobrovolches Koi Army, they had to visit Persia andway to the south of Russia to survive many dangerousswitches. Some biographers specify their marschrut: Moscow - Tehran, then through Kurdistan toMesopotamia to the British, then through Persisgulf, Suez and Bosphorus - to Armenia. Otherbiographers describe the path of the Zakharchenko spouses inWhite Army otherwise:"from Persia through India on an English boat" .

One way or another, Maria Vladislavovna again finds himself in a cavalry saddle, again on the frontthose. Here, new military exploits awaited her, a newsevere chest wound, typhus, frostbitten handsand legs, and a new bereavement: under the Monastery(near Kakhovka) her second husband died of blood poisoning- commander of the 2nd cavalry regiment, colonel Zakharchenko...

After the evacuation of the Russian Army, General Leitenant, Baron P. N. Wrangel from Crimea Maria Vladislavovna ended up in Gallipoli. startedwandering in foreign countries. But even in a foreign landdid not lose heart: a new stage of her life was coming -.

IN THE KUTEPOVSKAYA ORGANIZATION
Combat organization of General Kutepov (orKutepovskaya organization) originated in exileearly 1920s. It wassmall, strict extremely conspiratorial structure, consistingof selfless Russian patriots, those who,leaving for a foreign land, did not lay down his arms and voluntarilychose for himself the dangerous path of underground and combathowl work in USSR. On the Kutepov organization task was to establish and maintainconnections White emigration with domestic Russian enticommunist groups, committing terroristic acts against heads of painshevitsky party, VChK-OGPU etc. main goallew kutepovtsev was the training of the armedanti-Bolshevik uprising in Russia.

The ranks of the Kutepov militants were hardenedin the battles of the Civil War White officers and dobrovoltsy, but there was also a lot of desperate Russianpatriotic youth - yesterday's gymNazis and cadets. And at the head of one of the battle groupsKov is a fragile woman...

Maria Zakharchenko joined the organizationgeneral Kutepova probably one of the first.In October 1923 by order of the general Kutepov and she, at great risk, crossed illegally fromthe Veto-Estonian border and returned to the rodin. Together with her, her closest colleague in the Kutepov organization, the formerlife huntsman. captain Georgy Nikolaevich Radkovich (1898-1928), who became her third husband. From toin the name of spouses Shults Maria Vladis lavovna and Georgy Nikolaevich should have been abouttake to Petrograd and then to Moscow for you fulfillment of the special task of General Kutepov.

About this last and, probably, the most dangerousnom and heroic period of the life of Maria Vladislavovny eloquently testify a littlenumerical records left by her associates -Kutepov officers. One of them, V. I. Volkov dedicated in his notebook to Maria Zakharchenko the following lines:

“Surprising, though. at the head of battle groups - small, fragile woman! And it was she, like no one else, who knew how to army and select people for work, and its “school la "was the only one and never with her, of course but, by inimitable training in conditions of impossibly true and irresistibly heavy, inhuman some difficulties. She is a legend even for us! Scary and beautiful Russian fairy tale! In her destiny - the fate of the Russian woman and the Russian anti-bolshevik" (17) .

Another Kutepovite officer, Alexander Alexan Drovich Anisimov, said with admiration:

“When we, two of her companions, asked for restno, Maria Vladislavovna told us: “How you men get tired soon... And this was the third day of uninterrupted march through the swamps ... "(17) .

And here is the evidence left by the famouspolitician V. V. Shulgin, "secretly"visited in 1926 in the USSR and met there Maria Vladislavovna:

"According to her cards Cam, taken in her youth, she was a pretty woman, not to say beautiful. I am her learned already at the age of withering, but still something what is preserved in outline. She was a little taller than average, with fine features.I experienced a lot, and her face, of course, butthe power of the seal of all trials, but the woman washardy and energy is completely excludedbody ... I had to conduct frankconversations with Maria Vladislavovna. One dayYes, she told me: “I am getting old. Feel that this is my last strength. I invested in Trust everything, if it breaks, I will not live " (18) .

About what it was "Operation Trust" , racesprobably too much to say. About this sadknown provocation INO VChK-OGPU wrotewe have dozens, maybe even hundreds of books and a hundredtei. Let us do just one thing here.public remark.

Chekists have always tried to imagine "Trust" , as his most successful operation, as a resultthose which they supposedly achieved complete success infight against the activism of the White emigration. By recognitionniyu KGB, operation "Trust" subsequently“always studied in closed educational institutions yakh NKVD - NKGB - MGB as a classic » (19) . AT reality "Trust" ended not
mustache foot, but a serious failure of the Chekists!

Yes, "Trust" brought a lot of evil to the Russian Nazional business. But in April 1927 , unexpectedbut for guidance OGPU, the provocation wasunmasked, and all the Russian intelligence officers who were in the USSR at that moment would safely slip awayfrom under the very nose of the enemy, and then activatebring down terrorist activities - this and thatMost of all, the Kremlin leadership was afraid.For failure "Trust a "its main organizer is a Chekist A. Artuzov- received instead of an awardforeclosure and then was demoted(20) .

Subsequently, trying to somehow camouflagetheir major failure, the Chekists began to assert(and do it still) what a crash "Trest" allegedly was ... beneficial to the Soviet side! In factbloody office V. Menzhinsky was in a panicbecause since April 1927 she lost everythingability to stop work Kutepovskoy Bo eva organization, and intelligence ROVS by doing withrelevant conclusions from the history of "Trust" , fundamentally changed the way they workyou are in sub-Soviet Russia - instead of relying on cosuspicious domestic Russian organizations and groupspy ROVS began to rely only on his own agents.

« TYRANO-KILL SHOTS »
Today, when terrorism has become one of the fearsscourges of the modern world, someone maythe question arises: how justified wereterrorist methods of struggle of the Kutepovites aboutagainst Soviet power? Wouldn't it be legalappoint a general Kutepova and members of its combatorganizations on a par with any modernnye baaders, radievs and baraevs?

Pretty accurate, as we see it,til on this question a Russian writer ghoul- forehead a century very far from sympathy for ROVS and ka Kim would be an active White organization pits. ghoul, as he later stated, could notendure bloodshed civil war, in which"Russian man had to kill Russian man". This position led tobecause he left the ranks Volunteer Ar missions even at the very beginning civil war, athen, in exile, wrote "anti-war book" (21 ) , highly appreciated by the patriarch of the Soviet writertours M. Gorky and repeatedly reprinted inUSSR. So here it is ghoul being a bra hater murderous bloodshed, writes:

"I am sympathetic I feel the shots in the Kremlin, at the Borovitskys in mouth by Tyrants limousines (22) . Murder of L. Kann egisser of the dirty-bloody Chekist Uritsko I quite understood, too. like killing ra Bochim Sergeev of the former New York great V. Volodarsky, who became a nobleman terrorist of Bolshevik Petrograd. And murders of Voikov by Boris Koverda, and Thieves I fully understood Kopradi's attitude. assassination attemptFanny Kaplap at the "Genius Gorilla" - LeNina, I sympathized with all my heart, and I regretthat she did not kill him, than she would save not onlyRussia, but all mankind. How could I saveGermany Count Stauffenberg by assassination Hitler. All these Russian shots were not walk on the shots of some half-mad notGerman terrorist Baader (23) . No Russians the shots were not terror, but resistance to terror ... These were tyrannical shots ” (24) .

Not in "workers and peasants", as co-authors claimed.Veteran propaganda, Kuta bullets were sentPov militants, not in "accidental victims", but incommunists and security officers - direct mureaders of the Russian people, organizers andnicknames of the red terror. For don't mind your ownthe comrades-in-arms of General Kutepov fought, and together with the people - here and there, raising shim inside the country anti-communist bannersmany uprisings - for the liberation of Russia!

"FOR RUSSIA!"

At the end of May-beginning of June 1927 severalgroups of Kutepov militants crossed the Soviet-Finnish border and headed deep into the USSR.One of them, heading to the then "LeNingrad", headed the Markov artillerybrigade captain Viktor Alexandrovich Lario new (25). Commanded another group Maria Vladis Lavovna Zakharchenko-Schultz. Her target was Mosqua. With Maria Zakharchenko, two more militants went on this mission: a twenty-two Yuri Serge evich Peters and Alexander (Eduard) Ottovich Op perput. None of this last groupnever came back...

What happened to the members of the Moscow Grouppy"? From open Soviet sourcesbut that a trio of militants managed to arrive in Moscow and plant a melinite bomb weighing four kilograms in house number 3/6 on Malaya Lubyanka. Othat this house was a hostel Chekists, and Moscow gepeush lived in itnicknames, including employees INO OGPU, orgwho lowered the provocation "Trust" , knew a littlegie. It was assumed that in case of success according to the OGPUwill be dealt a severe blow: it should have been"tyrannical explosion" who heardwould be all under the yoke of Russia.

On the night of June 3 explosive device in the building OGPU was established, and, according to all Soviet sources, the Chekists did not take off onair only due to pure chance: bohmba was discovered just before the explosion.Allegedly, only one melinito managed to explodea saber that caused a fire, but undermine everythingbuilding OGPU hostels the Kutepovites failed.

From the same Soviet sources, authenticitywhich, however, are always largelydoubtful, the further fate of the member is also knownnew "Moscow group". The fighters tried to leaveover the cordon across the western border. Section groupflowed: Zakharchenko and Peters made their way to the border together, Opperput went in the same direction separately from them.

OGPU By this time the alarm had already been raised. Alongborders and the areas adjacent to it were underalarmed not only parts NKVD and the Red Army, but also mobilized the civilian populationfor combing forests. Their forces wereall roads are covered, raids are organized.

According to the latest version of the Chekists and recentlytheir published materials Opperput 18 June 1927 was nearly captured Janows who distillery, but, wounding three preinvestigators managed to escape. Nextday, leaving the chase, he was rounded up, organizedbathroom staff Special Department of the Belarusian th military district (BVO), police, red armytsami and mobilized peasants, and was killedon a farm near village Altukhovka Smo Lena province (26) .

As for Zakharchenko and Peters, next tocounty town of Rutspya, Smolensk province named afteras if they managed to seize the car,lying to the headquarters of the BVO, and one of the foundthe Red Army soldiers who were in it was shot dead, butthe other, already being wounded, managed to disable the car(26) ." After that, the Kutepovites could not use the car captured from the Redswhether. However, somehow they still overcame another hundred and fifty kilometers a hundredron border and were overtaken only in the arearailway station Dretun in Belarus.

Station Dretun, Moscow-Belarusian-Bal tiyskaya railway is located haul Nevel-Polotsk, in the Polotsk district of Vitebskprovinces, twenty-five kilometers from the cityPolotsk. Near Dretun station, in a coniferous forestlocated Sitno village. where were the landfills andmilitary camps of the red army. Here is the stocknye served primary fees in the summer(27) . Around there and took their last fight with red Maria Zakharchenko and Yuri Peters. Notwhich sources report that they died in shootout. But they look more believable. allegations that they both committed suicidesuicide, not wanting to surrender.

One of the Red Army men who witnessedthe deaths of the Kutepovites, I. Repin left a detaileddescription of the last moments of their lives. According to his wordyou, Kutepovites came out of the forest right to the shootingwhere, at that time, some kind ofthen the company. There is an assumption that OGPU deliberately crowded the militants to the locationniya of the Red Army camps.

On the opposite side of the forest - svi an eyewitness to the tragedy - in the intervalbetween the targets, standing next to a man and woman, in their hands they each have a revolver. They're under hold the revolvers up. A woman turns to us, shouting:

- For Russia! - and shoots himself in the temple.

The man also shoots, but in the mouth. Both are falling.

... Once again I saw this heroine an hour later two. In a modest gray dress, she lay straight mo on the ground at the headquarters of our regiment. Below Wednesdays his growth. Middle-aged. Brown hair. dead but pale face, pointed nose, closed eyes.

Barely noticeable breath. Into the unconscious nominal condition.

...There was a crowd of curious Red Army soldiers all around. One of them approached lying to a woman close and apparently, in the intention nii to show his prowess, shoved her with a sock into his swollen belly and cursed vilely.

The woman's body remained completely demon passionate, then did not flinch.

... Still, the calculation of the "well done" on the effect of the eye turned out to be wrong. The gloomy, stern faces of the overwhelming majority of Red Army soldiersshowed a clearly negative assessment of the ridiculousvile antics. Later I heard that "spy onka" on the same day and in the same unconscious normal condition was "loaded" into the ice wagonnickname and sent to Leningrad" (16) .

For some reason, open Soviet sources do not give the date of death Zakharchenko and Peters. Until now, nothing is known about the place of their burial.I. If you believe the reports of correspondents"Daily Express" and The Times , in hot pursuitwho published information about the death of "Moskovswhich group of Kutepovites, then life Maria Vladis Lavovna Zakharchenko broke off June 23, 1927 a...

AFTERWORD

Even today, after more than seventy-fiveyears, some of the participants are still alivegosya in 1927 tragic confrontationEviks of General Kutepov with the OGPU.

August 19, 2002 central fundsmass media of the Russian Federation with subservience to racestold viewers and readers about the centenaryanniversary KGB Colonel Boris Gudz- one ofSoviet provocateurs who participated in provooperations "Trust". And the main meritthe Chekist was named by the federal mediaparticipation in operations "Trust" and "Syndicate-2" (28) . Russian television broadcast the speech to the whole worldcentenary Gepushnik. And the next day August 20, in Moscow Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR) - former First Main Directorate of the KGB of the USSR) hosted an official commemorationretired "trustovik": leaders SVR ubmessed up their veteran and "educated" the young generation" Russian intelligence officers "(!) at his measure...

Well, the authorities of the Russian Federation have their own heroes, Russia- their. And while the federal authorities and their special servicesloudly, the whole country is honoring the Sovietssome spies and provocateurs. Russia will quietly rememberwith the prayer of their Heroes(29) .

Let these lines of gratitude become a symbolvolitional modest bouquet of white roses, polowomen on the unknown graves of our Nazis real Heroes - Maria Vladislavovna Zakhar chenko and her fighting comrades.

Significant.

NOTES:

1 A number of biographical sketches are known, dedicated topublished by various authors M. V. Zakharchenko and published in Russian emigrant publications, and most recentlytime - and in the Russian Federation. Unfortunately, they all contain extremelyconflicting information, have many errors that migrate from one article to another. Poeto mu the facts stated in them require serious verification ki.

2 Tsurikov N. For Russia. Marya Vladislavovna ForKharchenko-Schultz. - "Russia" (weekly newspaper; Paris, France), 1927, 12.11.

3 civil rank IV class corresponding to the rank of major general of military service.

4 Tcherepnin N. Imperial Educational Societystvo noble maidens. Historical essay. 1764- 1914. Pg.. 1915, v. 3, p. 675.

5 All Petersburg g on 1913 year. SPb., 1913. This houseis still preserved. It houses the Head Office of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation for St. Petersburg.

6 Zaitsev A. Semyonovtsy in 1914. Helsingfors, 1936, p. 9.

7 "Sentinel", 1932, No. 74, p. ten.

8 Ryabinin A. Olgin headquarters. - "Our News", 1962, No. 187.

9 Arkhipov B. In memory of a female hero. - "Vladimirsky Herald" (Sao Paulo, Brazil). 1955 Jan. This article by Staff Captain Arkhipov, although it contains veryinteresting characterization of M. V. Zakharchenko, attributingdating back to the period of her service in the 3rd Hussar ElisavetgRadsky E. I. Vys. V. Princess Olga Nikolaevna regiment, but hardly helps shed light on her true bio graphics. On the contrary, this article abounds too a large number of errors, inaccuracies and obvious fantasies, sometimes very picturesque, but contradicting thereal facts from the life of the heroine. Moreover, the author himselfapparently, M. V. Zakharchenko could know personally verylittle: he arrived in the regiment much later, and then for a long timewas absent from the regiment, being in service commanders kah.

10 Voronov A.V. Olga's hussars. M., 1999, p. 43.

11 Tsurikov N. Decree, op., p. 2.

12 Cit. Quoted from: Voronov A.V. Decree, op., p. 52.

13 There.

14 Ryabinin A. Elisavetgrad Hussars. - "Sentry", 1964, No. 456, p. eleven.

15 Gul R. I took Russia. Apologia for emigration. N.-Y.,1984, v. 1, p. 23.

16 Russian heroine.(In memory of Maria Vladislavovna Zakharchenko-Schultz). - "Sentinel", 1952, No. 320, p. 5.

17 To the history of the military organization of Gen. A. P. Kutepova. - "Sentry", 1951, No. 313, p.11.

18 Cit. on: Gladkov T. Reward for fidelity execution.M., 2000. p. 140.

19 Ibid, p. 568.

20 Ibid, p. 270-271.

21 Gul R. Ice campaign (with Kornilov). Berlin, b.g. /(M.),1991.

22 In 1969, an officer of the Soviet army, Ilyin, shotin a government limousine, encroaching on the life of the gene Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU L. Brezhnev

23 Baader Anders(1943-1977) - one of the leaders of the so-called."Factions of the Red Army" (Rote ArmherFraktiop-R.BUT.F) - a left-wing terrorist organization associated withby the munist secret services, for more thanthirty years, until the early 90sXXcentury, which terrorized West Germany and all of Western Europenumerous murders, explosions and arson.

24 Gul R. I carried Russia away, p. 32.

25 Captain Larionov's group successfully completed the task assigned to it. On June 7, 1927, she orga caused an explosion in the building of the Leningrad Centralclub of the CPSU (b) and, having successfully crossed the Soviet-Finance border, on June 9, in full force, returned to its base.

26 Gladkov T. Decree, op., p. 268.

27 "Sentinel", 1952, No. 324, p. 23.

28 Operation "Syndicate-2" was carried out by the Chekists in parallel with the operation "Trust". Its goal was to neutralize the anti-Bolshevik activities of B. V. Savinkov and his organization.

29 The question of church commemoration of the Orthodox dey who committed suicide due to the threat of handing overBolshevik executioners, was with the inherent wisdom of the times resolved by the First Hierarch of the ROC(z), Metropolitan Anastasi em (Gribanovsky) (1965) in 1946. When on the day of "Croyour Baptism" January 6/19, 1946 Russian people, concentrated in the Dachau camp near Munich (Ameri Kansk zone of occupation of Germany), committed an act of massvogo suicide to avoid violent youdachas by Americans - advisers, Vl. Anastasysewed the unforbidden performance of their funeral and servicememorial service for them, saying: "Their actions are closer to feat of Saint Pelagia of Antioch (| c. 303, pacrush October 8/21), thrown from a high tower, to avoid defilement, rather than to the crime of Jude s" (Nathanael, Archbishop. Conversations about the Holy Scriptures and about faith, and about the Church.N. -Y., 1995, v. 5, p. fourteen- 15).

________________________________________

Zakharchenko-Schulz Maria Vladislavovna. Svezhinskaya Maria Vladislavovna Zakharchenko Maria Vladislavovna

Biography

The formation of personality

Participation in World War I

Revolution and Civil War

Emigration. In the Combat Organization of General Kutepov

Relatives

In culture

see also

Notes

Biography

The formation of personality

Participation in World War I

Revolution and Civil War