"Literaturnaya gazeta" and "Parliamentary newspaper" about the Russian family
… about the Russian village
Nikita Pokrovsky, Head of the Department of General Sociology at the State University-Higher School of Economics, on the prospects of the Russian village
"Literaturnaya Gazeta" continues the conversation about the fate of the modern village. Today our interlocutor is the president of the Community of Professional Sociologists, a board member of the European Society and environment”, Doctor of Sociological Sciences Nikita Pokrovsky. Recently, under his editorship, a collective work called "The Russian Northern Vector" was published. From the cover of a book made of yellowed, uncut grasses, an old log hut looks out into the world through three windows, blackened through time and rain. And from above from the depths of the bottomless blue sky and this yellow meadow with its grass not cut to the waist, and the roof of the hut, and the birch forest edge, like a shroud, is covered with a white flying cloud. And not a single living soul...
- Nikita Evgenievich, is the Russian village dying? Or already dead?
I don't like to talk in general terms. Our country is great. There is a southern village, there is a Siberian one - beyond the Urals ... Personally, I am most familiar with the near North, in particular the Kostroma region. Moscow State University, Institute of Problems of Ecology and Evolution named after Severtsov, graduate School economics have been studying life here for several years. I have been given the responsibility of leading the project. So what can I say about these specific places.
– Kostroma is also Russia. As a child, my mother, I remember, used to say: “Kostroma! Kostroma! Alien far side. In Kostroma, porridge is butter. The spoon is painted. The porridge is wrinkled. The spoon bends. The soul rejoices.” Who is happy with Kostroma porridge now? And is there one?
– Our trouble is that we do not know the country in which we live. We know how to ardently discuss the fate of Russia, but we rely on superficial or mythological constructions that have nothing to do with reality. The modern northern village is experiencing a social catastrophe. The state once spent huge forces for the development of these places. However, under the conditions modern world all this past activity on the development of extreme frontiers has largely lost its meaning. The economy took a different path. Under the influence of globalization, the significance and importance of the regions are noticeably changing - some come to the fore, others lose their traditional significance. The former occupancy is no longer needed there. Previously plowed areas - too. And no matter how much money you pour into it from national projects, everything will be useless.
- It turns out that Ivan the Terrible, then Peter the Great rushed to the sea in vain? And in my opinion, the north has not lost its strategic importance to this day ...
- Access to the North Sea in the 16th or 18th century and the exit of the 21st century are two different things. Of course, certain military or economic centers will remain there. In the future, highways can run there, local airports can operate. But spacious inhabited areas where the village turns into a village, a big road - into a small one, telegraph poles running God knows where beyond the horizon, stationary shops and hospitals in the villages ... All this will go away. Already leaving. Please note that now even stationary stores, in order to serve the population constantly, are gone in many places, they are replaced by mobile mobile shops.
- But closed shops, rural schools, hospitals and libraries, fields overgrown with weeds can please few people. It's like dying, the whole world is leaving...
– I do not want to evaluate this process from a moral and historical point of view. It is negative, progressive... Sociology does not operate with such categories. Sociology diagnoses.
What about the treatment of the disease?
- This is the prerogative of the state. You see, under Soviet rule, the local lands were being developed, they were saturated with economic activity, primarily agriculture. Collective and state farms-giants, regardless of costs, plowed vast territories. Timber enterprises bit into the forest expanses. Infrastructure was tightened to serve the population - trade facilities, roads, cultural and health institutions were built. But the departure from the arena of the socialist economic system turned the whole picture of the life of the North upside down. Other times have come. And another society was born.
“Are you suggesting that we drop everything that was?”
– Reanimate the old or decide contemporary issues, using obsolete principles, in my opinion, is inappropriate. There is a process of rethinking the new realities of the rural North. However, the old ideas and stereotypes, which were under Tsar Pea, are too tenacious. Officials in the field still hope that the arable land overgrown with forest will be plowed up again. That the collective and state farms will be resurrected, the disappeared villages will be rebuilt.
- What's wrong with that?
“I'm afraid such sentiments are only to the detriment of everyone. They will have to pay a high price. Whatever you interpret, the current rural North is a zone of continuous disaster. There are practically no people here who could say: “I feel good here! I rejoice in my land, my work.” But there is an underlying sadness. And crying, already genetically fixed. Even among schoolchildren, although they still perceive lightly in a childish way the world, the depression that has now spilled over the Russian North is noticeable. I do not touch industrial centers, this is not my topic. I'm talking about countryside. Previously developed land there turns into a desert. This is a medical fact. Overgrown with forest is what man once took away from nature. Now she is taking back what is rightfully hers.
- It's sad, like in a cemetery.
- Living in a cemetery is not only sad, but also uninteresting. However, the members of our expeditions accept the facts as they are. We are not mourners. We are sociologists. Yes! At first, all we did was record the incessant weeping. They walked through the yards. Met with leaders at various levels. Listened and recorded. And they were ready to cry with them. And what kept us from seeing some sprouts of another life, which give the right to say that there is not only the destruction of the old and a retreat before nature. No, new forms of management and survival are also emerging. This cannot but inspire hope.
- And what are they, these hopes?
– First of all, we need to understand what constitutes the current wealth of the North. Let's not talk about furs or minerals, which have always been scarce here. Traditional northern crafts as a historical reality and as a focal production of small things for small needs, of course, must be preserved. But it is impossible to build the economy of a vast region on them. Today, the main wealth here is the natural environment. Water! Air! The woods! Fields! .. It would seem that such abstractions cannot be put in any corner. In fact, these are real treasures. And the Kostroma region is generally the last reservoir of a clean natural environment not only in the European part of Russia, but also in Europe as a whole.
Economists, geographers, botanists, international tourism specialists work in our expedition... From their point of view, Kostroma is a unique region. It has the lowest population density. The water is clear. Separate tracts of forest have not known an ax since the creation of the world. Unique herbs have been preserved here. All this taken together will very soon turn into a resource equal to oil and gas. The time is not far off when clean air, as a great value, will be preserved in reserve, like a life-saving medicine.
Clean air is becoming an expensive pleasure all over the world. I was born in Moscow on Tverskaya. My ancestors are from Petersburg. And I can clearly state: neither Moscow nor St. Petersburg provide any quality of life for modern man. In terms of health, this is a complete degradation. Especially against the backdrop of environmental issues, which are now distributed around the world, including in Russia.
So, a certain class of citizens who did not get a share in the privatization process, in order to maintain their existence, are now forced to leave the cities. Recently, there was a dacha "emigration" within the spring-summer season. Now many townspeople are mastering the countryside already for permanent residence. The resettlement zone is made up of concentric circles of 300–400 kilometers around megacities… Sociologists record all this. And they explore.
“It's just a fashion fad. No more. And the relocation from the city to the village on a noticeable scale, if possible, then in a very distant tomorrow!
“Tomorrow is already approaching. The process of restructuring the population of the city and the countryside was clearly outlined. Big cities are already throwing out large masses of the population. First of all, due to the unsuitability of megacities for normal human habitation.
- Despite all your scientific observations, it was the Russian village that gave and still gives its population to the city. Not vice versa...
- Let's clarify: a dying village. It was she who let her people go - wave after wave. However, the springs have already dried up. Soon there will be no one to follow. Therefore, our paradigm, in the correctness of which we are deeply convinced, is that it is the Kostroma region, Vologda, Yaroslavl, if you like, and part of Tver that become reservoirs of new forms of economic activity. And a new population.
What will happen to the old population?
- The "locals", as we call the native rural population, have too strong an old leaven. For example, due to degradation, including alcohol, almost no one will be able to work in a modern service. Not only professional unsuitability is noticeable, but also a clear dislike for the service as such. To plow and sow for nothing, to get up at four in the morning to milk a cow, to collect potatoes in the field up to the waist in the mud - yes! And working in a service is something shameful ... They, the “locals”, seem to love Mother Earth very much, but it is absolutely not cultivated with them. Forms of management are antediluvian.
- You are very bold in administering your judgment on these people who have suffered so much from life!
- And let's see what they did here with the land during the years of Soviet power! She was exhausted to the last limit. Are the communists to blame? Well, you know... Even on household plots, where, it would seem, "mine", not a collective farm, there is not a single competently cultivated plot. In the Kostroma regions, I go from threshold to threshold and do not see a single hut, comfortably furnished for modern life. So what rights can there be to resist the new? If you yourself could not do anything worthwhile even on your own family patch? It's hard, it's a shame to make such generalizations, but...
A new culture of life is coming, and it is foolish to resist it. For example, appearing here information technologies. In the district Manturov, a completely fallen town, young people are well versed in digital cameras. They don't have them, but they know about them. Informationally they are about to appear modern technology prepared. Broadband Internet has been installed in many village telephone centers. Every second residential building has a "dish" with 48 TV channels. There were cars. Many, at least the most active citizens, received passports. Today, for people to overcome a long distance, to be abroad is no longer a problem.
- But the big problem is to get to the district center to get an appointment with a doctor!
“Unfortunately, this is true. Because the bus runs either every other day, or once a day. Getting medical help for a rural resident is a problem.
- That's the price of all the "plates"! On the one hand, "digital cameras", on the other - the lack of normal transport links.
– It is very important for sociologists that there is a potential readiness of the population for changes. More than 30 percent of the rural population is now former city dwellers. There is a growing category of people who rent city apartments and move to the countryside. It's hard to survive in the city. There, a person rents an apartment, and in the village he buys a house for next to nothing. He rents an apartment, relatively speaking, for two thousand dollars a month and lives comfortably in the countryside with this money. And if he also has hands, then he also establishes a subsidiary farm, starts chickens, a goat with a piglet. In general, he lives both as a peasant and as a rentier. My sadness is not that there are few of these sprouts, there are many of them ...
– In what?
- AT last years power, building the so-called vertical, begins to dictate a lot. And often out of your mind. The authorities are absolutely not receptive to what we scientists are talking about. It oppresses a completely different line, which, in my opinion, leads to a dead end.
- Can you be more specific?
- Please. A year and a half ago, the question arose of building a pulp and paper mill on the Unzha River. This is just the Manturovsky district, where our expedition works. The plant should become the largest in Europe. The volume of production is 800 thousand tons of pulp per year. But the plant will take all the water from the Unzha River, pass it through itself and release it back. I repeat, everything! .. What is it all leading to? Stocks of local forests for processing will quickly run out, you will have to import raw materials from God knows where. And the cleanest area of Russian nature - under the ax? Officials do not even wonder how devastatingly the plant will affect the natural resources of the region. We drew the attention of the leadership of the Kostroma region to the negative consequences of the construction of the pulp and paper mill, but instead of understanding the arguments that scientists put forward, we were immediately declared almost enemies. Absurd! I wonder how you can ignore the opinions of people who can help avoid irreparable mistakes.
- You and the regional administration have different headaches. You are worried about the prospect of tomorrow. They are in captivity of today's problems.
- Have mercy! They will ruin “today” so that there will be no “tomorrow” at all. Nobody says that there is no need to build a pulp and paper mill at all. We do not stand on the positions of obscurantism. But you need to weigh all the pros and cons on the pharmaceutical scales. Take everything into account. Understand how to do better. For now…. So we held a scientific conference in Moscow - there was no one from Kostroma. Although we sent out invitations. They even paid travel expenses. The best scientists gathered, there was someone to listen to. And the Kostroma residents have a zero reaction. Nobody came! It is difficult to expect good from such a government.
- Do you rank the natural beauty of the northern nature among the riches of this region?
– Of course! A member of our expedition, Professor of Moscow State University Sergei Nikolaevich Bobylev developed the so-called Ugorsky project. If, in cooperation with local authorities, it is implemented on a regional scale, people will receive additional payments to pensions and additional jobs.
- And what is its essence?
– It is about how to preserve and enhance the natural beauty of nature.
Next to the forest-field beauty in each, even the smallest village, architectural beauty has always coexisted. A hipped-roofed church covered with aspen plowshares. Hut with carved valances. Hay sheds. Granaries. Until recently, there were still windmills. Unique pictures and colors of the rural homeland!
But everyone understands beauty in their own way... We have the village of Dmitrievo. She nestled on the high bank of the river, as if above the eternal expanse. The village in the sky soars like a bird - the soul freezes from the height. And each log is beaten - like a feather in a bird's wing. And a visiting summer resident bought a hut and dressed it from top to bottom ... with siding. Cultivated! And the beauty of the landscape has diminished to a penny price. Who needs imitation?
Professor Bobylev puts the question point-blank – the village needs architectural protection. Do you want to put up a fence? Please! Here are 20 types of fences for you. Rebuild house? Only within tradition! This is not an open air museum. But what is and will be in the village should aesthetically fit into the local space.
- Alas, much has already been spoiled ...
“But a lot of things can be fixed. Visit Ugori. This is a classic Russian village, where there was a church on the river bank, there was a wonderful park in the Otrada estate, which was once owned by the hero of the Patriotic War, General Fonvizin. Now here is a typical socialist village with semi-huts for housing and a reinforced concrete House of Culture ... Here in Ugori a lot of things need to be brought into a divine form, all junk out of sight. In other villages, there are also many architecturally beautiful buildings, waiting for the master's touch. A team of efficient carpenters would restore the fantastic attractiveness of the villages everywhere. It is a pity that there is no help or understanding from the authorities.
By the way, our Ugorsk project is capable of becoming self-sustaining in two or three years. The locals will find jobs there. Those who wish to hunt and fish will be able to come here. Just relax in nature.
In small forms, the new already exists here. A farmer from the village of Palma brings lamb, milk, eggs, and potatoes to Troitse-Sergievsky Posad. He delivers organic food even to the buffet State Duma. In the neighboring village there is an entrepreneur who organized something like a camp site here. Now he has five staff members. Brought the horses. To him at the camp site people sign up in advance.
This is what we call a pocket economy. There will be no continuous collective farm fields. The life of the new village will not be cut into one size fits all. And what is overgrown with forest, let it be. When someone needs land, he will plow it up. Need cowsheds - will build. Only not these silicate barnyards, once set up in the most beautiful places, which now stand with collapsed roofs. Our expedition is trying to come to an agreement with the agricultural firm - let them sell us the old cowshed at the residual value, we will bring it down so as not to spoil the landscape, and we will pave the road with silicate brick. Nobody will ever restore it. But they do not agree. How! Built, created, and now destroy?
These people can be understood...
But these are phantom pains. The arms and legs are gone for a long time, the incomprehensible pain does not let go ... Only after all, life goes on and we must go on. Why cry for the old? What to pray to the old gods?
- That is, the northern village will not be able to feed the country?
- Not. And the country does not need it to try to feed, exhausted. A kilogram of butter produced in the Manturovsky district of the Kostroma region is three times more expensive than Krasnodar. Northern agriculture is absolutely uncompetitive on the Russian market. With the exception, perhaps, of exclusive products on a regional basis. Somewhere honey. Somewhere a fish. Or organic milk. In our area there are rich hunting grounds. There are berries. mushroom places. You cannot even imagine what kind of income these riches are capable of giving.
– So what awaits the northern villages in the near future?
- What and how will be - it is difficult to say. The North, of course, will be reborn. But in your new life. I have no doubt. Otherwise, it is necessary to build a pulp and paper mill everywhere and drive pulp for export. And that's it! But it will be a road to nowhere. And the village will go into the archaic, into the dead...
I am not a fan of creating historiosophical constructions. My position is that now there will be a pendulum return to these territories, but in a different way. Civilization will turn to them again, not only in Russia, but also in Europe, and in America - everywhere! It will turn and close the spiral of development. And things will go to a new level.
– Isn’t it a retreat into a kind of Tolstoyanism, into a pure utopia? It's like escaping civilization...
- It will not be an escape, but a return to rural life, but at a new level of technology. With modern mechanisms that will save nature. It will be a polyphony of decisions, a pluralism of approaches. What options do officials have? Again, to build a pulp and paper mill everywhere? Yes, it's boring to talk about the revival Agriculture, meaning all the same silicate cowsheds. Is everything back to the old way? Yes, this will not happen! Can't return. Thank God, there are wonderful, serious people with good education and knowledge of local conditions that can model change. There are few of them. But they can be supportive.
- Do you have confidence that what you are doing will bear fruit sooner or later?
- I do not put such a question. I care about the process. I look at my colleagues - they will not deal with nonsense. Our project is growing. Grows due to serious people. How it all ends will depend not only on our efforts, but also on the situation in the country. And, if you like, from general condition weather. Yes! Yes! And from the state of the weather, the climate too.
"Forward" continues the popular column "I want to ask!". Today the deputy head of the regional administration Ilya Barbakadze answers the questions of our readers. We will talk about land ownership and a whole range of related issues, about housing for veterans of the Great Patriotic War under the federal program, about the regional long-term environmental program, about investment projects and much more that interests the residents of the region.
LARGE VILLAGES
Ilya Nodarievich, judging by the appeals to the newspaper, our readers are very interested in how the project announced at the federal level for allocating land plots to large families is progressing in the region. How many families will this affect and how soon will large families see their allotments?
Legislative acts are expected to be adopted at the federal and regional levels, which will clarify a lot in the new case of allocating land plots to large families. But the preparation is already in the active phase. The district administration accepts applications from parents with many children. I note that in the Sergiev Posad district there are about one and a half thousand families that have the right to receive a plot of land in their ownership. On the this moment Almost 500 families have applied for land, and there is no doubt that the number of applications will increase. The submitted documents are being checked to clarify the list of recipients of land plots. Families with many children are entitled to free land plots up to 15 acres. The first group of 30 families will see their plots next year, the formation of two more groups of recipients of land for family estates is on the way.
By the way, about estates. This is where reader opinions differ. Some consider the undertaking with land for large families useful, skeptics say that large families have barely enough income to build a shed on the allocated land. What tactics will the district follow?
I agree that without competent support, families with many children have little chance of settling on their land, building a family home. Therefore, we are planning not a scattered, point allocation of plots, but the laying of future villages of large families. Thus, the social tasks of these special settlements can be solved as economically as possible.
Despite the fact that, by law, all certificates must be provided by applicants, we understand that for a family of five, such financial costs can become an insurmountable obstacle in obtaining land ownership. Therefore, the district authorities decided to take over the process of registering land ownership and independently send requests to the department of guardianship and guardianship, the cadastral chamber, the BTI, and so on. In this format, the program will be implemented faster.
The draft budget includes about two million rubles for a new social item in order to carry out the necessary work on design and land surveying.
And when the question arises of laying engineering networks in the future settlement, the district administration will also support large families. It is planned to assist with the preparation of technical conditions for laying communications.
Is it already known where the first sections will be allocated? And will the sale of land be allowed to those families who do not plan to cultivate it or build a family estate?
The district administration invited all settlements to search their territories for suitable sites for this purpose. We have promising ideas in this regard in the Shemetovsky and Bereznyakovsky settlements. Proposals were sent regarding the availability of plots in Peresvet, Selkovskoye, Skoropuskovskiy and Bogorodskoye. I note right away that only good lands in all respects are considered. The territory most ready for development is in the Lozovsky settlement with an area of 115 hectares. The local authorities worked on the project thoroughly and promptly. It is likely that land will be allocated here to the first group of large families. The search for sites for the subsequent implementation of the program continues.
As for the sale of family land, legislative act on the allocation of land to large families in development. For now, we will stick to the existing rules. And they clearly explain that the land allocated on a gratuitous basis is the common property of all family members. Accordingly, the sale is possible only after reaching the age of majority of all children.
NEW SETTLERS IN THE NINTH TEN
Readers have questions about another federal program - providing housing for veterans of the Great Patriotic War. Villagers notice that very elderly former front-line soldiers also live in the villages. And although their houses are strong, the owners themselves, due to their age, can no longer manage the village economy. Our newspaper wrote about one such elderly couple from the village of Bylino, Shemetovsky settlement. We are glad that the district administration has included the family of 90-year-old front-line soldier Nikita Alexandrovich Sedov in the lists for housing. Recently, the elderly couple moved into a comfortable apartment in Loza. How is the veterans housing list going, will there be more housewarmings?
By decree of the President of the country, first of all, front-line soldiers who need to improve their living conditions or do not have their own housing are provided with apartments. For two years, the funds allocated under the federal program provided 85 war veterans with comfortable apartments. By the way, our district occupies one of the leading positions in the region in terms of program implementation. Until the end of this year, the families of six more veterans will receive orders for apartments. Six participants of the Great Patriotic War remain on the lists for improving housing conditions.
Of course, the district authorities take into account their life circumstances. The Sedovs lived in a remote village and could no longer manage their household on their own, they needed help.
PAY TAX - LIVE EASILY
We convey to you a question that we now very often hear from villagers and summer residents. Many at one time conscientiously designed plots, carried out topographic surveys with the same technical capabilities. And now new neighbors are coming, who present satellite imagery and do not recognize the existing boundaries of the plots. Who is right in this situation?
Here I shall have to give the landowners some not very pleasant but useful advice. Even if today nothing portends disputes with neighbors, do not delay the design of the site using modern features. Old methods for determining the boundaries of the site gave an error of up to ten meters. It is better to correct these mistakes before the developer appears in the neighborhood.
You will have to spend money on registration of a land plot, and with the receipt of a cadastral number for land property you will pay tax. But in this case, you are insured against protracted disputes with neighbors, and your property is inviolable. In our district, up to 8,000 land holdings are put on cadastral registration per year. In total, according to all the rules, about half of the land ownership is registered. The owners want to be sure that a private fence will not appear on their land.
There is also a question about fences. Readers draw attention to the fact that many highways in the area are already in a tunnel of metal fences. Two-meter-high fences are already a common thing. And there are six-meter-high fences! Residents believe that gigantic deaf fences disfigure the appearance of the area. Do the authorities notice this absurdity?
Such a problem really exists and not only in our country, they are fighting it in different ways. For example, in some countries it is allowed to install only green hedges. Today we have a fashion for deaf fences, the owners of the plots spend huge amounts of money on them. As far as I know, a bill is being prepared that will give the regions the right to establish regulations on height and appearance any fences.
RURAL POND - TO THE GENERAL PLAN
There are many questions about reservoirs, it turns out that for residents this is a zone of special sensitivity. Villagers from Mishutin ask why they are going to build a new maternity hospital on the shore of a local reservoir. The old-timers of the village of Terpigorievo of the Bereznyakovo settlement are outraged by the construction of a private cottage almost on the shore of a fire pond. What do you think about this?
There are a lot of reservoirs in the area, and in each case, the improvement, and even more so the construction of facilities, must be approached individually. In my opinion, the investment project for the construction of a maternity hospital will only benefit the Mishutinsk reservoir. I do not see anything wrong with the fact that a quarter of the coast will fall into the park zone of a medical institution. Investors who want to create special conditions for future patients of the maternity hospital insist on such a park accent. And for the reservoir itself, this is a good chance for the improvement of a public beach. Cars are washed in the pond, cows bathe. None of the villagers would dare to swim in such a polluted pond.
I know the story of Terpigoriev. Fortunately, the controversial situation was resolved, and a new entrance was arranged to the fire pond. Residents should know that no construction can begin until the developer receives permission from the authorities of the settlements. Local residents have the right to insist on the observance of public interests in the village and the inclusion of historical recreation areas, fire ponds, and other objects in the general plan of the settlement. When issuing a building permit near a reservoir, the settlement is obliged to ensure that the developer does not violate the boundaries and does not block the approach to the coast for neighbors. I would also add that representatives of some settlements are always actively involved in public hearings on allocated plots and in meetings of urban planning commissions, while the authorities of other settlements do not even attend them. Residents have the right to know how effectively the local government represents their interests.
For two years, the district learned to live according to an environmental program. The newspaper talked about the improvement of rural parks, ponds, favorite places of recreation, about the arrangement of springs. In your opinion, have we developed a habit of caring for and equipping our public spaces? Does something change in your mind?
It changes and is very noticeable. Two years ago, we had to call for participation in the environmental program, and today we have applications from all settlements. Local authorities offer interesting joint projects. And some settlements implement their own environmental projects in parallel with the regional program. In Krasnozavodsk, a recreation area with a pond and springs is being set up. District ecologists have plans to support urban nature lovers and improve the approach to a new local attraction.
LEAN PRODUCTION
Residents of Remmash ask if the area has decided on the location of a new landfill for the disposal of household waste.
Various sites were considered, but the site in the Parfenov area was recognized as the most suitable. According to sanitary standards, the distance from the village is acceptable, although, of course, I would like to tie such an object further from settlements. Now it is necessary to make an urgent decision, because the resources of the existing landfill are almost exhausted. We have two exits. The first is to build your own landfill and take responsibility for the compliance of the facility with environmental requirements, for the subsequent reclamation of the landfill. The second way is to transport waste to the landfill in Aleksandrov and raise tariffs from the population for the removal and disposal of garbage, because the cost of the service will inevitably increase. We are interested in an economical solution to this problem.
Our readers offer to start a good tradition in the region - every year to put into operation a new production. In order not to travel seven miles to slurp jelly, but to find jobs in your area. How do you like this idea?
The idea is wonderful, and in this vein the district authorities work together with the settlements. Several modern manufacturing firms have already appeared at the terminals of large regional factories. The company "Sotex" is working successfully. Under New Year the first experimental batches of metallized packaging for the food industry began to be produced by the neighbor of Khotkovo Elektroizolit, the modern plant Galileo Nanotech. Starting next year, the manufacturing company will supply customers with industrial batches of packaging with a barcode. We can say that the production traditions of the region continue.
Love for the motherland always begins with love for one's native village, for one's native land.
On the territory of the Novoryanovskaya rural administration there are three settlements: the village of Novoye Goryanovo, Mezhdurechensk and the village of Maloye Klochkovo. To date, the village of Maloye Klochkovo is classified as endangered.
According to the stories of old-timers and information from the archive, this village of Shuisky district Vladimir province formed at the beginning of the 19th century. There are a number of versions of the formation of the name of the village. One of them: the master lost land to the master from the village of Bolshoe Klochkovo in the Klochkov meadows. This is where the expression “burn out” came from, and the village was named Goryunovo.
The second version: in the 19th century, three Tyunyaev brothers and their families moved from the village of Bolshoe Klochkovo to the free lands of the Klochkovsky meadow. They settled in the town of Meshcherikha. Houses were often on fire. The peasants moved to the granted lands of the landowner Sekerin Vasily Semyonovich closer to the Vyazma River. The village was called Goryuny (Goryanovo), and officially the village was called Small Klochkovo. The abundance of grassland, the proximity of forests and rivers rich in fish helped the peasants in their difficult lot.
From the data of the Ivanovo regional archive it is known that the village of Maloye Klochkovo was owned by the provincial secretary, landowner Sekerin Vasily Semenovich, who transferred his possessions in 1865 to his wife, the provincial secretary Sekerina Elena Ivanovna. According to an act drawn up in 1870, “in this village, 10 revisions each, there are 29 souls, and all of them are endowed with land.” In 1884, land planning was carried out, and there were 18 households in the village of Maloye Klochkovo, a farmstead and gardens near the houses, and by the beginning of the 20th century there were up to 20 houses and about 200 people living in it. Local residents were engaged in agricultural labor, worked in logging or were engaged in carts - they carried firewood for the Karetnikov factory on carts.
Priests came from the Pershinsky parish for church holidays, and the church service was held in the chapel, which was demolished in the mid-30s of the last century.
Now it is difficult to imagine the Small Klochkovo of the pre-war years. And then it was a whole order of houses - estates, stretching along the left side of the river for 2 kilometers. The families of Tyunyaevs, Kolobovs, Stepanovs, Agafonovs, Fedoseevs lived here.
The collectivization dealt the first blow to the way of life in the village. As well as throughout the country, they were driven to the collective farm by the method of a whip, the recalcitrant fell under suspicion. So the Smirnov family, who came to the village from Ankov, fell out of favor with the authorities because “they collected too many potatoes, and the rest of the individual farmers were meager.”
Some residents then went to the cities to build factories and plants. And the rest, accustomed to the social way of life, created their own collective farm-artel in 1931, giving it the name " New life". The first chairman of the collective farm was Nikolai Ivanovich Tyunyaev.
In total, 23 families lived in the village at that time. Public outbuildings were erected: a stable, a cowshed, a sheepfold, spacious barns, a mill, a current. Maloklochkovites worked together the land, sowed it with what directives descended from above. Vegetable growing was especially developed, because water meadows literally adjoined the village. All the necessary equipment for cultivating the land, for processing grain was made by a local blacksmith.
A team of lumberjacks worked from the collective farm in the forest. The brigade was successful, received all-Union awards.
They learned about the news in the village from the radio receiver designed by Vasily Agafonov. In the People's House built by the villagers, young people put on performances, showing scenes from the life of the village and the country.
In 1941, peaceful life ended. To the Great Patriotic War 26 people left the village, and only 15 returned. All the hard work fell on the shoulders of women, old people and teenagers. Many of them worked in the fields, and in the evening they made wooden spoons for the front.
And then there was the victorious May 1945, the return of the warriors home. There were few families then who did not pay a dear price for Great Victory. And those who returned, together with the youth, harnessed to work, raising the collective farm, which had fallen into disrepair during the war years, rebuilding the huts. No one then knew and did not know that after a quarter of a century, Small Klochkovo would enter the category of dying settlements.
The union of public farms finally finished off the village. The collective farm "New Life" joined the collective farm "Krasny Perekop", and then into the state farm "Teikovsky". Along with the dismantled stables, cowsheds, and sheepfolds, jobs were also lost. After graduating from school, young people, having tasted the “sweetness” of a working life weeding potatoes, sugar beets and other vegetables, did not wish themselves a parental share. She settled in the cities, took her parents to her. And the huts were transported to new places.
According to the memoirs of old-timers, the village began to empty in the 1950s. Today, not a single native inhabitant remains in the village. The village is waiting for the fate of the disappeared villages of the 60s.
I don’t want to believe that a few more years will pass, and there will be a huge wasteland in the place of the village of Maloye Klochkovo. And there will be one less village-breadwinner in Russia. But with each disappeared village, a part of the spirituality, culture, morality of the people is lost, the historical image of the Motherland changes.
E. SHILOVSKAYA,
head of the Novoryanovskaya rural library
A LAW was adopted on the free allocation of land for citizens in any free place. In June 2014, the State Duma adopted, signed by the President, the Law on the allocation of land free of charge, to all citizens and families who wish, in any free place that they themselves choose by their will and Soul! And the land will be provided free of charge for use for 5 years, and after its development - free of charge for ownership, forever! Now it remains only to approve the Law on Family Homesteads to the General Law (LC RF)! The law, which will give the right to such land under a new, simplified procedure, to take to create an Estate! Not private household plots, not peasant farms, not IZHS, not cottages and gardens, but namely Estates! And to build a residential building on the selected land plot! And after that - in order to get rid of taxes throughout the country, such land. COMMENTS TO AMENDMENTS TO THE LAND CODE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION Since March 1, 2015. In 2014, at the initiative of the President and the Government of the Russian Federation, significant amendments were made to the Land Code of the Russian Federation regarding the free allocation of land in any free place at the choice of citizens and non-profit organizations created by them. Amendments to the Land Code of the Russian Federation, which were adopted by Federal Law No. 171-FZ of June 23, 2014 and come into force on March 1, 2015. According to these amendments, PRACTICALLY ALL LAND AND LAND PLOTS THAT ARE IN STATE OR MUNICIPAL OWNERSHIP (for agricultural purposes, settlements, forest fund) ARE UNDER DISTRIBUTION. At the same time, of course, THEY SHOULD BE FREE (not provided for rent, perpetual use, etc.) AND NOT NEEDED FOR THE STATE (not withdrawn from circulation, not reserved for state/municipal needs, etc.). SUCH LAND PLOTS WILL BE PROVIDED INITIALLY FOR FREE USE OR FOR RENT, AND AFTER THEIR DEVELOPMENT WILL BE TRANSFERRED TO PRIVATE PROPERTY FREE OF CHARGE. Free provision of land plots will be carried out ON THE APPLICATION PROCEDURE, WITHOUT BIDDING, according to a single procedure for all categories of applicants. The main novelty is precisely in the fact that it is FREE, WITHOUT BIDDING, and initially (for the period of development) - in many cases NOT FOR RENT (Chapter 34 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation), namely, in FREE USE (Chapter 36 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation). The LAND OBTAINING PROCEDURE itself has also been simplified (more on this below), while land can be CHOSEN. "In any free place" A FREE CHOICE by citizens and organizations of any free LAND will be carried out UNDER THE CONDITION OF THEIR INDEPENDENT FORMATION INTO LAND PLOTS THROUGH THE PREPARATION AND APPROVAL OF THEIR BORDERS: territory (art. 42-43 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation) for citizens - in the form of a diagram of the location of a land plot on the cadastral plan of the territory (Article 11.10 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). This means that ANY CITIZEN OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION WHO WANTS TO TAKE LAND FOR HIMSELF CAN: 1) CHOOSE ANY PLOT YOU LIKE (it is assumed that it will be possible to choose via the Internet, through the "Public Cadastral Map" - http://maps.rosreestr.ru /portalonline/) 2) DRAW ITS BORDERS ON THE CADASTRAL PLAN OF THE TERRITORY (issued at the cadastral chamber or ordered through the Rosreestr website - https://rosreestr.ru/wps/portal/) 39.15 of the Land Code of the Russian Federation) TO THE LOCAL ADMINISTRATION or another body authorized to provide this plot of land (Article 39.2 of the Land Code of the Russian Federation, clause 2 of Article 3.3 of the Federal Law "On the Land Code of the Russian Federation"). COMMENTS TO AMENDMENTS TO THE LAND CODE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION If this land plot is really FREE - it is not encumbered with the rights of third parties, it is not reserved for state or municipal needs, etc. (Article 39.16 of the RF LC), THE ADMINISTRATION DURING A MONTH IS OBLIGED TO: 1) MAKE A DECISION ON PRELIMINARY APPROVAL OF THE PROVISION OF A LAND PLOT (paragraphs 7 - 17 of Article 39.15 of the RF LC) TERRITORIES (CPT) (paragraphs 13-20 of article 11.10 of the RF LC), and 3) PUBLISH THE NOTICE OF PROVISION OF LAND IN THE LOCAL NEWSPAPER and place this information on the official website on the Internet (paragraphs 1-3 of article 39.18 of the RF LC) . A DECISION ON PRELIMINARY APPROVAL of the provision of a land plot is the basis for PROVIDING a land plot to a citizen (Article 39.17 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation) - provided that the citizen 4) ORDERS A SURVEYING OF THE LAND PLOTS, and 5) PROVIDES ITS STATEMENT FOR CADASTRAL REGISTRATION. The procedure for land surveying and cadastral registration itself does not change, but an important rule is introduced: accounting#1 #1 Thus, the existing practice of prior approval is directly elevated to the law; at the same time, the procedure is formalized - if the administration has given the go-ahead for surveying the site, its provision is already mandatory so that the citizen's expenses for surveying are not in vain. The result of these procedures is the formation of a land plot with boundaries, area, cadastral number and individualizing documents (plot layout on the CPT, land survey plan, cadastral passport). After that: 6) THE CITIZEN SUBMITS THE APPLICATION FOR THE PROVISION OF THE LAND PLOT, - already indicating its cadastral number, 7) AND THE ADMINISTRATION (within a month from the date of submission of this application) PROVIDES THE CITIZEN THE LAND PLOTS: FOR USE > FOR A PAY Based on the lease agreement. FOR USE > FREE OF CHARGE On the basis of a contract for free use. FOR OWNERSHIP > FOR A PAY Based on a sales contract. IN OWNERSHIP > FREE OF CHARGE Based on the decision to grant ownership of a land plot free of charge. Further, the Land Code of the Russian Federation prescribes in detail to whom and in what cases land should be provided FREE OF CHARGE, and to whom - FOR A PAY; to whom - IMMEDIATELY IN OWNERSHIP, and to whom - INITIALLY FOR USE; and - CASES OF FREE PROVISION OF PROPERTY AFTER LAND DEVELOPMENT DURING THE USE PERIOD. The Land Code of the Russian Federation introduced the fundamental basis for the adoption of the Law on Family Homesteads. Until now, there was simply no such basis in the legislation of the Russian Federation, and the Law on the Republic of Poland practically did not fit into it. Now, its adoption, as one of the special laws that develops the provisions of the Land Code of the Russian Federation on the free provision of land plots to citizens and non-profit organizations created by citizens, is becoming possible, real. Everything has been created for the adoption of special laws in development of the provisions of the Land Code of the Russian Federation: the Federal Law "On Family Homesteads" and regional laws on Family Homesteads. It is these laws that will establish the PROCEDURE FOR PROVISION and SIZES of land provided to citizens and associations created by them for the arrangement of Family Homesteads and the organization of settlements consisting of Family Homesteads.
Editorial project “Disappeared villages. Unforgotten pages of history” resonated with our readers. We receive a lot of feedback after publications about small villages and villages, even from other regions and regions. Former residents of the rural hinterland are close, understandable reflections and stories about villages and villages. Before their eyes passes the fate of the settlement with an interesting past, once full of life and now fading...
Today we invite you to the village of Troitskoye of the Sheynsky Village Council.
History reference
Troitskoye (Staroe Selo), a Russian village located on the right bank of the Tolkovka River. It was formed around 1800 on the site of the old village of Sheino, which was moved to a new location between 1762 and 1782. Named after the former church in the name of the Holy Trinity in the village of Sheino. Before the abolition of serfdom, Troitskoye, together with Kozlovka, belonged to the landowner Agrafena Bulanina as the village of Staroe Selo of the Kerensky district. In two villages there were 514 peasants, the peasants had 115 households on 176 acres of estate land, 1000 acres of arable land. The landowner has 2200 acres of land.
In 1911 - the village of the Sheinskaya volost of the Kerensky district, the estate of German landowners Hartman. In 1864, 275 people lived here, in 1911 - 375, in 1930 - 543, in 1979 - 326, in 1996 - 146. Now 36 residents are registered in the village of Troitskoye.
The place is not quite ordinary. Strozhek, Fedin ravine, Groshevo field, Tatar forest, Zemtsova peak, Pugachev rampart, Barsky garden. And why Tatarsky, why Pugachevsky, Barsky? The native resident of the village, Vera Ivanovna Khokhlova, helped us get answers to some of these questions. Together with her and the head of the village administration, Yuri Viktorovich Martyanov, we traveled around the whole village.
Immediately at the entrance to the village of Troitskoye, one can feel its involvement in antiquity, if I may say so. On the right side rises a number of buildings unusual for the modern eye: sennitsa, where the villagers put hay for cattle. And now “no animals, no senets”, they do not keep living creatures in the yards, and there are sennits as a reminder of the past.
And in general, this village differs from the current “developed” ones. settlements. Stone cellars have been preserved across the road from the houses, where the harvest is so well stored until spring (not like in our apartment undergrounds). Black bathhouses are still heated. There are buildings covered with wood chips. There are many stone houses made of old red brick with hipped roofs and even adobe ones. For young and urban people, we explain: bricks for walls near adobe houses were made from a mixture of clay, straw and water. The dwellings turned out to be warm, dry and, most importantly, fire-resistant.
- From time immemorial, there were only two streets in the village, - says Vera Ivanovna Khokhlova, - the current Sadovaya used to be Klyuchevaya. You see, everything goes downhill, in the spring sonorous streams run from the hill - hence the name. The school was called Sadovaya, along it there is a road to the once famous Trinity Gardens, to the Bar Garden. There was, however, still a small street in the outskirts, for some reason it was called Brekhalovka, - our guide adds with a smile. - There is now one house left, summer residents come.
Summer residents here are those who arrive in the village for the summer: from Moscow, Penza, Pachelma. Plant a vegetable garden, take honey from the apiary, stock up on mushrooms, berries, since the local neighborhood is very rich in these gifts. Then the old houses come to life, we are glad that the owners have returned to them. And in the fall, closer to winter, the windows are again closed with shutters, boarded up, village houses go into hibernation ...
The village welcomes its children with joy. It gave a start to life to many, raised them on their own bread. Some of them are soldiers. For example, Vladimir Yuryevich Yurin, who was born and raised here, joined the Army, studied in Tambov, served as a military pilot on Far East. Vasily Fedorovich Shmonin - military surgeon, Alexei Nikolaevich Kolganov - colonel. There are also doctors, teachers, administrative workers, lawyers, workers of fields and factories among fellow countrymen.
- Previously, there were five or six children in each yard. Now almost only pensioners are left, - Vera Ivanovna says with regret. - Everyone wants to go to the city, away from back-breaking rural labor.
Yes, it seems to be good for people to move closer to civilization. But after all, there is no bad motherland! She educates the village conscience, patience, morality, purity of soul ...
Troitskoye is a bright and somehow joyful village, there is almost no weeds, which is what other small villages “sin” with. The houses where the residents live are all neat and well-groomed.
We enjoyed walking along the streets of Trinity. Here is a spring with delicious water. It has recently been renovated by the villagers themselves. They are lucky: there is running water here, but sometimes you really want to drink spring water! And the children who come to visit take their native water with them. And how a spring helps out when breakdowns occur with the water supply.
And this is a bathhouse, heated in black. I immediately remember my grandmother's bathhouse with the aroma of smoke, into which they carried water from the river. Next to this bath, the villagers also arranged a spring - from there they take water for washing.
Autumn is the time to harvest firewood. We saw mountains of freshly chopped firewood near many houses. Somewhere already stacked in the woodpile. Near one yard, we were surprised by wood-burning masterpieces - original, cone-shaped woodpile. For others, firewood is still preparing to migrate to a permanent storage location. So the husband of Vera Ivanovna, Alexander Grigorievich, was preparing firewood for the winter. We wanted to capture this process on camera. But the owner turned out to be very modest and refused the "honor" offered to him to be printed on the pages of "Native Land". It's a pity.…
But Vera Ivanovna was a very useful interlocutor for us. It must be said that our newspaper has been friends with it for a long time. IN AND. Khokhlova worked as a librarian for many years, she sometimes wrote articles for the newspaper, talking about her events. She knows a lot about her native village, about its history.
- According to the stories of my grandmother, I remember that our village was once called Staraya Kozlovka. Natives of it organized the current Kozlovka, 5 kilometers from Pachelma.
Continue reading in the next issue.