Ivanova Alice

Knowledge of physics helps us make life more comfortable, use physical phenomena and processes correctly, prevent their harmful effects on the body, and prevent accidents.

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Application of the laws of physics in Everyday life

Physics surrounds us everywhere, especially at home. We are used to not seeing it. Knowledge physical phenomena and laws help us in household chores, protect us from mistakes. Look at what is happening in your home through the eyes of a physicist, and you will see a lot of interesting and useful things!

To prevent the glass from bursting when boiling water is poured into it, a metal spoon is placed in it. Every day we boil water. Of the two cups of boiling water, the one with the thinner wall will not burst, as it will warm up evenly faster. thermal phenomena

When we bathe in the bathroom, fogging of the mirror and walls occurs as a result of water vapor condensation. If hot water is poured into a cup and covered with a lid, the water vapor condenses on the lid. A faucet with cold water can always be distinguished by the droplets of water that formed on it during the condensation of water vapor. Condensation

Brewing tea Pickling cucumbers, mushrooms, fish, etc. Diffusion of odors Diffusion Tea is always brewed with boiling water, as this diffuses faster Do not wash colored and white items together!

Pot handles are made of materials that conduct heat poorly so as not to get burned. Heat Transfer If the pot lid has a metal handle and there are no potholders at hand, you can use a clothespin or insert a cork into the hole. Do not open the lid of the pot and look into it when water is boiling in it. Steam burns are very dangerous!

can be used to store hot and cold products The inner glass flask of the thermos has double walls, between which there is a vacuum. This prevents heat loss through conduction. The bulb is silver in color to prevent heat loss by radiation. Cork prevents heat loss by convection. In addition, it has poor thermal conductivity. The housing protects the flask from damage. Thermos If there is no thermos, then a jar of soup can be wrapped in foil and a newspaper or a woolen scarf, and a pot of soup can be covered with a duvet or cotton blanket.

Wood has poor thermal conductivity, so wood parquet is warmer than other floorings. The carpet has poor thermal conductivity, so the feet are warmer on it. To make the house warmer There is air in the double-glazed windows between the glasses (sometimes it is even pumped out). Its poor thermal conductivity prevents heat exchange between the cold air outside and the warm air in the room. In addition, double-glazed windows reduce noise levels.

Batteries in apartments are located below, since the hot air from them rises as a result of convection and heats the room. The hood is placed above the stove, as hot vapors and fumes from food rise up. Convection

With traditional room heating, the coldest place in the room is the floor, and the warmest place is near the ceiling. Unlike convection, the room is heated by radiation from the floor from the bottom up, and the feet do not freeze! Don't get cold feet!

Magnetic fasteners on bags and jackets. Decorative magnets. Magnetic locks on furniture. Magnets are often used in everyday life.

To increase the pressure, we sharpen scissors and knives, using thin needles. Pressure

lever, screw, gate, wedge In everyday life, we often use simple mechanisms: The scissors are based on the lever

We use communicating vessels...

To increase friction, we wear shoes with embossed soles. The rug in the hallway is made on a rubber base. Toothbrushes and handles use special rubber pads. Friction

Clean and dry hair, when combed with a plastic comb, is attracted to it, since as a result of friction, the comb and hair acquire charges that are equal in magnitude and opposite in sign. A metal comb does not give such an effect, as it is a good conductor. Electrification

When you turn on and operate the TV, a strong electric field is created near the screen. We discovered it with the help of a sleeve made of foil. Because of electrostatic field Dust sticks to the TV screen, so you need to clean it regularly! During operation of the TV, it is impossible to be at a distance of less than 0.5 m from its rear and side panels. The strong magnetic field of the coils that control the electron beam has a bad effect on the human body! TV set

Scales Household physical appliances Beaker Thermometer Blood pressure monitor Clock Barometer Room thermometer

In the presented electrical appliances, the thermal effect of the current is used. Household electrical appliances. We use them daily!

Safety rules To avoid overloads and short circuits, do not plug several powerful devices into one outlet!

When unplugging the appliance, do not pull on the cord! Do not handle electrical appliances with wet hands! Do not connect faulty electrical appliances to the network! Make sure that the insulation of the electrical wiring is in good condition! When leaving home, turn off all electrical appliances!

To protect devices from short circuits and power surges, use voltage stabilizers! To connect high power appliances (electric stoves, washing machines), special sockets must be installed!

Apartment power supply system

Devices that radiate Devices that receive and emit electromagnetic waves mobile phone you can talk no more than 20 minutes. in a day!

Devices requiring special care when using

Safety distance from devices with strong electromagnetic radiation

Ranges electromagnetic radiation various household electrical appliances Avoid prolonged exposure to strong EMF. If necessary, install electrically heated floors, choose systems with a lower level magnetic field.

Plan for the correct location of electrical equipment in the apartment

Results of the survey Questions Students Adults 1. What physical phenomena did you notice in everyday life? 95% noticed boiling, evaporation and condensation 2. Have you ever used knowledge of physics in everyday life? 76% gave an affirmative answer 3. Have you been in unpleasant everyday situations: burnt with steam or on hot parts of dishes 98% electric shock 35% 42% short circuit 30% 45% plugged the appliance into the socket and it burned out 23% 62% 4. Could knowledge of physics help you avoid unpleasant situations 88% 73% 5. When buying household appliances, are you interested in: technical specifications 30% 100% safety 47% 100% operating rules 12% 96% possible negative impact on health 43% 77%

Analysis of the results of the survey When studying physics at school, more attention should be paid to questions practical application physical knowledge in everyday life. At school, students should be introduced to the physical phenomena that underlie the operation of household appliances. Special attention focus on the possible negative impact household appliances on the human body. In physics lessons, students should be taught how to use instructions for electrical appliances. Before allowing a child to use a household electrical appliance, adults should make sure that the child has firmly mastered the safety rules for handling it.

No sphere human activity can't do without exact sciences. And no matter how complex human relationships are, they also come down to these laws. offers to remember the laws of physics that a person encounters and experiences every day of his life.

The simplest but most important law is The law of conservation and transformation of energy.

The energy of any closed system remains constant for all processes occurring in the system. And we are in such a closed system and we are. Those. how much we give, so much we get. If we want to get something, we must give the same amount before that. And nothing else!

And we, of course, want to get a big salary, but not go to work. Sometimes an illusion is created that “fools are lucky” and happiness falls on their heads for many. Read any fairy tale. Heroes constantly have to overcome huge difficulties! Then swim in the cold water, then in boiling water.

Men attract the attention of women with courtship. The women, in turn, take care of these men and the children. Etc. So, if you want to get something, take the trouble to give first.

The force of action is equal to the force of reaction.

This law of physics reflects the previous one, in principle. If a person has committed a negative act - conscious or not - and then received a response, i.e. opposition. Sometimes cause and effect are separated in time, and you can not immediately understand where the wind is blowing from. We must, most importantly, remember that nothing just happens.

The Law of the Lever.

Archimedes exclaimed: Give me a foothold and I will move the Earth!". Any weight can be carried if you choose the right lever. You should always estimate how long the lever will be needed in order to achieve this or that goal and draw a conclusion for yourself, set priorities: do you need to spend so much effort to create the right lever and move this weight, or is it easier to leave it alone and do other activities.

The gimlet rule.

The rule is that indicates the direction of the magnetic field. This rule answers the eternal question: who is to blame? And he points out that we ourselves are to blame for everything that happens to us. No matter how insulting it is, no matter how difficult it is, no matter how unfair it may seem at first glance, we must always be aware that we ourselves were the cause from the very beginning.

law of the nail.

When a person wants to hammer in a nail, he does not knock somewhere near the nail, he knocks exactly on the head of the nail. But the nails themselves do not climb into the walls. You must always choose the right hammer so as not to break the nail with a sledgehammer. And when scoring, you need to calculate the blow so that the hat does not bend. Keep it simple, take care of each other. Learn to think about your neighbor.

And finally, the law of entropy.

Entropy is a measure of the disorder of a system. In other words, the more chaos in the system, the greater the entropy. A more precise formulation: in spontaneous processes occurring in systems, entropy always increases. As a rule, all spontaneous processes are irreversible. They lead to real changes in the system, and it is impossible to return it to its original state without expending energy. At the same time, it is impossible to repeat exactly (100%) its initial state.

To better understand what kind of order and disorder we are talking about, let's set up an experiment. Pour black and white pellets into a glass jar. Let's put in the blacks first, then the whites. The pellets will be arranged in two layers: black on the bottom, white on top - everything is in order. Then shake the jar several times. The pellets will mix evenly. And no matter how much we then shake this jar, we are unlikely to be able to achieve that the pellets are again arranged in two layers. Here it is, entropy in action!

The state when the pellets were arranged in two layers is considered ordered. The state when the pellets are evenly mixed is considered disordered. It takes almost a miracle to return to an ordered state! Or repeated painstaking work with pellets. And it takes almost no effort to wreak havoc in a bank.

Car wheel. When it is inflated, it has an excess of free energy. The wheel can move, which means it works. This is the order. What if you puncture a wheel? The pressure in it will drop, the free energy will “leave” into the environment (dissipate), and such a wheel will no longer be able to work. This is chaos. To return the system to its original state, i.e. to put things in order, you need to do a lot of work: glue the camera, mount the wheel, pump it up, etc., after which this is again a necessary thing that can be useful.

Heat is transferred from a hot body to a cold one, and not vice versa. The reverse process is theoretically possible, but practically no one will undertake to do this, since enormous efforts, special installations and equipment will be required.

Also in society. People are getting old. Houses are crumbling. Rocks sink into the sea. The galaxies are scattered. Any reality surrounding us spontaneously tends to disorder.

However, people often talk about disorder as freedom: No, we do not want order! Give us such freedom that everyone can do what they want!» But when everyone does what they want, this is not freedom - this is chaos. In our time, many praise disorder, promote anarchy - in a word, everything that destroys and divides. But freedom is not in chaos, freedom is precisely in order.

Organizing his life, a person creates a reserve of free energy, which he then uses to implement his plans: work, study, recreation, creativity, sports, etc. In other words, it opposes entropy. Otherwise, how could we have accumulated so many material values ​​over the past 250 years?!

Entropy is a measure of disorder, a measure of the irreversible dissipation of energy. The more entropy, the more disorder. A house where no one lives is falling into disrepair. Iron rusts over time, the car gets old. Relationships that no one cares about will break down. So is everything else in our life, absolutely everything!

The natural state of nature is not equilibrium, but an increase in entropy. This law works inexorably in the life of one person. He does not need to do anything to increase his entropy, this happens spontaneously, according to the law of nature. In order to reduce entropy (disorder), you need to make a lot of effort. This is a kind of slap in the face to stupidly positive people (under a lying stone and water does not flow), of which there are quite a lot!

Maintaining success requires constant effort. If we do not develop, then we degrade. And to keep what we had before, we must do more today than we did yesterday. Things can be kept in order and even improved: if the paint on a house has faded, it can be repainted, and even more beautiful than before.

People should try to "pacify" the arbitrary destructive behavior that prevails in modern world everywhere, to try to reduce the state of chaos, which we also dispersed to grandiose limits. And this is a physical law, and not just a chatter about depression and negative thinking. Everything either develops or degrades.

A living organism is born, develops and dies, and no one has ever observed that after death it revives, becomes younger and returns to the seed or womb. When they say that the past never returns, then, of course, they mean, first of all, these vital phenomena. The development of organisms sets the positive direction of the arrow of time, and the change from one state of the system to another always occurs in the same direction for all processes without exception.

Valerian Chupin

Source of information: Tchaikovsky.News

Comments (3)

Wealth modern society grows, and will grow to an ever greater extent, primarily by universal labor. Industrial capital was the first historical form social production, when universal labor began to be intensively exploited. And first, the one that he got for free. Science, as Marx observed, cost nothing to capital. Indeed, not a single capitalist paid a reward to either Archimedes, or Cardano, or Galileo, or Huygens, or Newton for the practical use of their ideas. But it is precisely industrial capital that, on a mass scale, begins to exploit mechanical technology, and thus the general labor embodied in it. Marx K, Engels F. Soch., vol. 25, part 1, p. 116.

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Introduction

Physics is not a women's science” and “All blondes are stupid” - often, these phrases can be heard from men. Such statements, in my opinion, are groundless. Women are the pearls of this world, which make it more perfect, more beautiful and more harmonious. The female sex is called weak in vain. Absolutely any woman can become strong, successful and famous by choosing her own path for this. A woman always knows what she wants from life and does everything in order to achieve her goal. Belief in one's own strengths, the ability to correctly prioritize, diligence, dedication and feminine charm - these are the rules that will help on the way to heights.

IQ tests appeared about 100 years ago, and all this time women lagged behind men by 5 points. However, for last years this gap between the sexes began to decrease, and this year women prevailed in matters of intelligence. IQ levels are influenced by several factors, including heredity, Environment(family, school, social status of a person). The age of the test subject also significantly affects the result of passing the test. At the age of 26, as a rule, a person's intelligence reaches its peak, and then only decreases.

For example, Madonna (blonde), has an IQ of 140 points, the smartest model in the world in 2002. Iris Muley has an IQ of 156 points, Nadezhda Kamukova has an IQ of 156 points. Owner of the most high level IQ according to the Guinness Book of Records for 1986, Marilyn vos Savant is known for her writing talent. Her coefficient level mental development amounted to 225 points. Robert Yarvik, husband of a brilliant woman, created the first working artificial heart. The couple's constant scientific pursuits and success have earned them the title of "New York's smartest couple."

Scientists are increasingly coming to the conclusion that beauty and intelligence in many cases go hand in hand.

Concerning, goal of this work: to prove that physics is a science necessary for both boys and girls.

To achieve this goal, the following were decided tasks:

1. find out if there are many women who have contributed to the development of physics and mathematics;

2. conduct a sociological survey among girls;

3. figure out how to improve the appearance of a girl with the help of physics;

4. describe one day in a girl's life in terms of physics;

5. draw a conclusion about the role of physics in a girl's life.

Object of study are girls aged 15-17 and their way of life.

During the work, the following research methods: questioning, analysis, experiment, comparison, generalization.

Main part

1. Heart given to science.

There are many women who have made discoveries in the field of physics or mathematics. In total, 42 great women can be counted who have contributed to the development of technical sciences.

For example, Mileva Marić was not just the wife and mother of Einstein's children, but also a co-author of his most important works.

Hypatia (370 AD - 415 AD) - mathematician, astronomer, philosopher. Her name and deeds have been reliably established, and therefore it is believed that Hypatia is the first female scientist in the history of mankind. Actively engaged in educational and polemical activities. Hypatia died in 415 at the hands of religious fanatics. During the life of Hypatia, a contemporary Socrates said: "She reached such heights of knowledge that she surpassed all the philosophers of her time." In the 20th century, one of the Moon's craters was named after Hypatia.

Caroline Lucretia Herschel British astronomer, sister and assistant of William Herschel. She was born March 16, 1750 in Hannover. First woman astronomer who discovered 8 comets and several nebulae. In 1828 the Royal Astronomical Society of London awarded her the Gold Medal and made her an honorary member. Her name is on the map of the moon.

Sofia Vasilievna Kovalevskaya - an outstanding Russian mathematician; the first woman in the world - professor and corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Kovalevskaya written scientific work- “Problem about rotation solid body around a fixed point. This work was a genuine scientific triumph for Kovalevskaya. It solved a problem that scientists had been wrestling with unsuccessfully for years.

Sofya Yanovskaya did a great job of improving the mathematical culture in our country, especially on the methodology of mathematics and logic. So, with its prefaces and comments, “The Fundamentals of Theoretical Logic” by D. Hilbert and W. Ackerman, “Introduction to Logic” by A. Tarsky were published.

Nina Karlovna Bari - Soviet mathematician, doctor of physical and mathematical sciences, professor at Moscow State University. She was awarded the degree of Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences in 1935, when she was already a well-known scientist who had great merits in the study of trigonometric series and set theory.

Lisa Meitner in 1938 became a member of the Nobel Institute. The works of Lise Meitner belong to the fields of nuclear physics and nuclear chemistry. Meitner explained the observed phenomenon as a new type of atom fission - the fission of the uranium nucleus into two fragments, thereby introducing the term "fission" into nuclear physics and predicted the existence of a nuclear fission chain reaction.

Maria Sklodowska-Curie. Thanks to his outstanding abilities and diligence, he receives two diplomas - in physics and mathematics. In 1895 he worked in the laboratory of her husband Pierre Curie at the Institute of Physics. Awarded in 1903 Nobel Prize Pierre and Marie Skłodowska-Curie for studying the phenomenon of radioactivity. In 1911, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Marie Sklodowska-Curie in recognition of her contribution to the development of chemistry, which she made with the discovery of the elements radium and polonium, for her experiments with these elements.

We should not forget about the women astronauts, who have made a huge contribution to the development of modern science.

Elena Vladimirovna Kondakova - Russian cosmonaut, political figure. Hero of Russia. Pilot-cosmonaut Russian Federation. 1st woman to make a long flight.

Svetlana Evgenievna Savitskaya — Soviet cosmonaut, test pilot, teacher. The world's second female cosmonaut after Valentina Tereshkova. The world's first female astronaut to go into outer space and the first woman to fly twice.

Elena Olegovna Serova is a Russian cosmonaut, a test trooper at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center. 1st Russian woman to fly to the ISS.

Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova - Soviet cosmonaut, the world's first female cosmonaut, also the woman who had the smallest age at the time of the orbital flight (26 years old) Hero Soviet Union. Pilot-cosmonaut of the USSR, 10th cosmonaut in the world. The only woman in the world who made a space flight alone.

Peggy Annette Whitson (USA), 1st woman - expedition commander at the orbital station (ISS), holder of the female record for the duration of the orbital flight (289 days) and the total duration space flights(666 days).

Number of female astronauts different countries and their flight activity (Appendix 1).

2. One day in the life of a girl.

It's easy to imagine one day in a girl's life. Let's consider it in stages.

Physics in the bathroom. So, the girl gets up early in the morning and goes to school. Getting up, the first thing she goes to the bathroom, where she prepares herself for the working day. First, she washes herself, standing in front of a mirror and realizing that a mirror reflection is a reflection in which a beam of light falling on a surface is also reflected by it in the form of a beam. The physical principle of the mirror is to reflect the rays falling on it, that is, when a luminous flux falls on an object, part of it is absorbed, and part is reflected. In this case, the reflected light flux carries information about the object.

Standing in the shower and singing her favorite songs, the girl knows that sound waves - elastic waves capable of evoking auditory sensations in humans. The human ear can perceive mechanical vibrations occurring with a frequency of 16 - 20,000 Hz. The walls of the bathroom or shower cubicle form a good reflective surface, as they have a smooth surface.

Our girl knows how to use cosmetics correctly and remembers that in physics there is such a thing as optical illusions. They directly play a major role in the process of applying makeup, i.e. face correction.

Optical illusions (optical illusions) are errors in estimating and comparing the lengths of segments, angles, distances between objects, in the perception of the shape of objects, relief, etc., made by the observer under certain conditions.

In makeup, there are a considerable number of such illusions:

1. The illusion of attracting attention

2. Illusion of decreasing/increasing the vertical.

3. Muller-Layer illusion. A segment with inward-facing corners at its ends appears to be shorter than a segment with outward-facing corners at its ends.

4. Illusion of an acute angle.

Even in the manufacture of cosmetics physics plays important role. For example, the cosmetics that some girls use combines many physical properties. Take, for example, the polar - crystalline powder "Tourmaline". Tourmaline is considered a precious stone and is called electric in Japan, as it can produce a weak electricity, and when applied as a powder, can give a specific infrared radiation beneficial effect on the skin. Tourmaline in its composition contains: magnesium, which activates the renewal of skin cells; iron, which improves microcirculation; and silicon, which has an antioxidant effect.

Physics in the kitchen After taking a shower, she goes to the kitchen for a little snack before a hard day at work. But before she started cooking, she decided to count the number of calories in an omelette.

To prepare an omelette, it took 2 eggs, each weighing 50.5 g.

When these products are oxidized in the body, energy is released: Q \u003d q m

Q I \u003d 6 900 103 J / kg 0.110 kg \u003d 759 103 J / kg \u003d 759 kJ

After beating the eggs a little, she took out a cast-iron frying pan with a wooden handle and began cooking. When preparing breakfast, she had a question: why, after beating eggs, most of the proteins turned into foam and why it is easier to cook in a cast-iron pan, rather than steel. The foam is because the molecules in the egg white are entangled like pasta. When the protein is whipped or heated, the molecules straighten out and begin to attract each other more tightly, so the protein becomes stiffer. It has been experimentally established that any substance has specific heat. At cast iron specific heat more (540 Jkg) than steel (500 J/kg), so the bottom of thick, massive cast-iron pans and pots heats up more evenly than those made of thin steel. Then she began to prepare a sandwich, having previously calculated its energy value and not forgetting about milk.

V \u003d 200 cm 3 \u003d 0.002 m 3;

ρ \u003d 1,030 kg / m 3;

m \u003d ρ V \u003d 1,030 kg / m 3 0.002 m 3 \u003d 0.206 kg.

Q M \u003d 2 800 103 J / kg 0.206 kg \u003d 576.8 103 J \u003d 576.8 kJ

To prepare a sandwich, it took 100 g of a loaf and 20 g of butter. When these products are oxidized in the body, energy is released:

Q B \u003d 10 470 103 J / kg 0.12 kg \u003d 1 256.4 103 J \u003d 1 256.4 kJ

Q SM \u003d 32,700 103 J / kg 0.03 kg \u003d 981 103 J \u003d 981 kJ. Total: 3573.2 kJ, which, translated into kilocalories, is 893.3 kcal. This is enough to not feel hungry until lunch, even with vigorous activity.

In order to drink a cup of hot coffee with milk, the girl first pours hot coffee into the cup, but does not immediately dilute it with cold milk. She knows that, according to the law of thermodynamics, heat exchange between bodies is the more intense, the greater the difference in their temperatures. Since all the energy of coffee goes into milk, we can write an equation heat balance. If milk is not added immediately, the coffee will cool faster. She also knows that one of the types of heat transfer is also present here - convection: the transfer of energy by jets of liquid or gas. Heated liquid layers are lighter and less dense and are displaced upwards by heavier (cold layers).

Looking at the cup of coffee, the girl saw strange patterns, as if the surface of the coffee was dotted with some kind of polygons. She knew that if the temperature at the bottom of the liquid is much higher than in the upper layers, then the liquid becomes unstable, and convection currents form in it, in which the hotter liquid rises and the colder liquid sinks down. In this case, the structures shown in the figure may appear.

Physics in the dressing room. After breakfast, the girl went to get dressed. The first thing she was going to do styling. Doing her hair on her head, she remembered that her hair has such physical and mechanical properties as:

Hygroscopicity (dry hair has about 18% moisture); . capillarity, that is, the ability to absorb and transfer liquids and liquid bodies; stability and strength, which allow certain chemical, physical and mechanical operations to be carried out on the hair; sensitivity to alkalis;

Elasticity and extensibility, which are very important in working on the hair (formation and even transformation of the internal structure of the hair, especially with a permanent).

Having done her hair, makeup, she began to choose an outfit. It turns out that optical illusions are present not only in makeup, but also in clothing, which has no small role in appearance girls. Forming a certain visual perception figures, a modern girl can hide her flaws and demonstrate her virtues using various methods and techniques.

1. The illusion of overestimating the vertical

2. Illusion of filled space

3. The illusion of overestimating an acute angle

4. Illusion of contrast

5. The illusion of trimming (assimilation)

6. Illusion of striped fabric

7. The illusion of volume reduction when dividing the figure vertically.

8. The illusion of spatiality with a gradual reduction, compression, reduction in the pattern of the fabric.

9. Illusion of psychological distraction

10. The phenomenon of irradiation. It consists in the fact that light objects on a dark background seem to be enlarged against their real sizes and, as it were, capture part of the dark background. In the figure, due to the brightness of the colors, the white square appears larger than the black square on a white background.

Then the girl had another question, what shoes should she choose, and most importantly, what should be the height of the heel?

p = =, since m = 52 kg, S = 0.008 m 2 2, then p = = 31850 Pa for stilettos and with S = 0.2 m 2 2, p = = 1274 Pa for low-heeled shoes or solid sole. High heel pressure is 25 times greater than low heel pressure. Without thinking, she chose boots with not very high heels. She knew perfectly well that it was necessary to take care of her health.

If we look at the human foot from an anatomical point of view, we will see that it is entwined with seven powerful ligaments and tendons, somewhat reminiscent of antique sandals. When walking barefoot, ¼ of the weight falls on the toes, and the remaining ¾ falls on the heels. As soon as we put on shoes with a heel of more than 2 cm, the picture changes radically: ¾ of the weight of the body begins to fall on the fragile forefoot, which is unsuitable for this, which inevitably leads to deformation of the toes over time. But the negative impact of heels on the body is not limited to this. The center of gravity when wearing shoes with high heels shifts forward. And in order to maintain balance when walking, we begin to strongly strain the neck, lower back and legs. Daily increased stress on the lower back can cause congestion in the uterus, ovaries, bladder and intestines. Moreover, the uterus leans back and remains in this position for quite a long time even after changing shoes for more comfortable shoes. And this, in turn, can lead a woman to infertility. Even with the onset of pregnancy, a skewed pelvis can cause complications in childbirth.

Carrying weights puts a lot of pressure on the skeleton, as well as on its formation. Our girl remembers this, so she puts only notebooks and e-book. Knowing about adverse effects electromagnetic waves, with prolonged interaction, the girl wears a cell phone in her bag too.

Going out into the street, the girl should also remember the coefficient of friction of shoes, depending on weather conditions. The higher the coefficient of friction, the less slippery the shoe. The diagram shows the dependence of the sliding friction coefficient of the sole material on the type of surface.

This diagram shows that the soles made of rubber, rubber and thermoplastic elastomer have the highest coefficient of friction, and the lowest - of leather and plastic. good quality grip has shoes, the sole of which is made of polyurethane.

II. Study of the prestige of technical education among girls.

Purpose of the study- find out whether technical education is a priority for a girl and the need for knowledge of the laws of physics in life. The study participants were a group of girls aged 15-17 (grades 9-11 of school No. 4 in Aleysk) in the amount of 53 people. The questionnaire (Appendix 2) consisted of 6 questions.

Research results

During the survey, it became clear that - hair color (natural) mostly brunettes - 33 people;

- consider technical education prestigious for a girl - 23 people;

A non-technical direction for admission was chosen - 37 people;

The average grade score is 3.5 and above 4.5 - 42 people;

- knowledge about some physical laws help in life - 37 people;

A girl can master a "male" profession - 47 people.

These data allow us to conclude that: the prestige of technical education in our time has significantly decreased among girls, only 7 people enter technical university. And despite this, almost half of the girls surveyed (23) consider technical education prestigious and did not choose a technical direction for some other reason.

Conclusion.

After conducting research and analyzing one day in the life of a girl, it becomes obvious that the IQ of a person does not depend on gender or hair color. Every girl, like a young man, is inextricably linked with physics. A girl every day faces a thousand physical phenomena and processes, but she knows how to use them no worse than a guy. Unfortunately, only dozens of women and girls were able to cross the threshold of ordinary life and provide the world with new knowledge in the field of physics and mathematics, but such a small number in science does not give the right to say that women do not understand anything at all! The conducted research can be used both in the lessons of physics, technology, and in extracurricular activities.

In my opinion, this work is of interest from a cognitive point of view, will help develop interest in such a complex subject, like physics, for both boys and girls.

Literature

1. Physics textbooks:

physics grade 10. G.Ya.Myakishev, B.B.Bukhovtsev.

physics 7 - 9 grade. A.V. Peryshkin, E.M. Gutnik.

Internet resources:

https://ru.wikipedia

https://sibac.info

https://www.liveinternet.ru

Appendix 1.

The number of female astronauts from different countries and their flight activity

Countries	Number of female astronauts	1 flight	2 flights	3 flights	4 flights	5 flights
Russia / USSR
United Kingdom
The Republic of Korea

Appendix 2

Questionnaire for girls in grades 9-11 (______________ years)

1.Hair color (natural)

A. blonde B. brunette C. other

2. Do you consider technical education prestigious for a girl?

A. yes B. no C. don't know

3. What direction did you choose for admission?

A. technical B. other C. don't know

4. What is the average grade?

A. below 3.5 B. 3.5 - 4.5 C. above 4.5

5. Can knowledge about some physical laws help you in life?

A. yes B. no C. don't know

6. Can a girl master a "male" profession?

A. yes B. no C. don't know

In 1687, the famous English scientist Sir Isaac Newton published a book "Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy". This book describes the three laws of motion that formed the basis of classical mechanics.

What most people don't realize is that Newton's laws can be applied to increase productivity, simplify work, and achieve success. How? Let's tell now!

Newton's first law.

Every body continues to be held in a state of rest or uniform and rectilinear motion, as long as and insofar as it is not compelled by applied forces to change this state.

Inertia is the fundamental law of the universe.

In other words, a body in motion tends to stay in motion - and vice versa, if a body is not moving, it tends to remain motionless.

This law is fully applicable to our productivity. If bodies at rest tend to rest further, then without getting up from the sofa, we will not achieve anything!

It turns out that the main thing is to start doing something? Yes! The most important thing is to pick up and start. And once you start, it will be much easier for you to stay on the move.

To overcome inertia, find a way to get started on a task in less than two minutes.

Please note that we are not talking about the completion of the work. In fact, you don't even have to work directly. But thanks to Newton's first law, you will often find that once you start this small part of a task within two minutes, it will be much easier to keep going.

Motivation often comes after starting work. Find a way to start small. Having accelerated, you yourself will be surprised how easy it is for you to do everything!

Newton's second law.

The change in momentum is proportional to the applied driving force and occurs in the direction of the straight line along which this force acts.

In other words, force equals mass times acceleration. Let's see how this equation can be applied to productivity.

It is important to understand: force is a vector. And the vector is composed of the magnitude (applied efforts) and the direction of these very efforts.

That is, if you want to accelerate an object in a certain direction, then both the amount of efforts and their direction affect the situation.

All this can be applied in life!

If you want to be more productive, you need to think not only about how hard you work, but also about where you put your efforts. This applies equally to important life decisions and small everyday tasks.

Simply put, you have a strictly defined amount of power to do the job. And the direction of this force is as important as the quantity.

Newton's third law.

An action always has an equal and opposite reaction, otherwise the interactions of two bodies on each other are equal and directed in opposite directions.

Each of us has our own average speed doing something. Your level of productivity and efficiency is the balance of the productive and unproductive forces in your life.

What are the forces of productivity and unproductivity?

The forces of productivity are focus, a positive attitude, and motivation. And the forces of unproductivity are stress, lack of sleep, and trying to do ten things at once.

If you want to become more efficient and productive, you have two options:

1.Put in more effort, that is, increase the amount of force. You'll work harder, have another cup of coffee, and work harder.

Obviously, this will only work until you burn out. Increasing strength can work well, but only for a short period.

2. Eliminate opposing forces. Simplify your life, learn to speak "No", reduce the number of responsibilities.

In other words, eliminate everything that is holding you back. Having got rid of the opposing forces, you will see that now your efforts (the same, not increased!) Are enough to do a much larger amount of work.

The second option is much simpler and more efficient. But most people instinctively choose the former because they don't think about Newton's laws.

So:

1. A moving body tends to keep moving. Find a way to get started within two minutes.

1. Strive not only to work hard, but to work on the right things. Your powers are limited. The direction of their application is also important.

3. Productivity is a balance of opposing forces. If you want to be more productive, you can either "push through" obstacles, or eliminate the forces of opposition. The second option is less stressful.

Physics in modern life

Speaking about the role of physics, we highlight three main points. Firstly, physics is the most important source of knowledge about the surrounding world for a person. Secondly, physics, continuously expanding and repeatedly multiplying the capabilities of man, ensures his confident progress along the path of technical progress. Thirdly, physics makes a significant contribution to the development of the spiritual image of a person, forms his worldview, and teaches him to navigate the scale of cultural values. Therefore, we will speak about scientific, technical and humanitarian the potentials of physics.

These three potentials have always been contained in physics. But they manifested themselves especially brightly and weightily in the physics of the 20th century, which predetermined the exceptionally important role that physics began to play in the modern world.

Physics as the most important source of knowledge about the surrounding world

As you know, physics explores the most general properties and forms of motion of matter. She is looking for answers to questions: how does the world; What laws govern the phenomena and processes occurring in it? In an effort to cognize the "original principles of things" and the "primary causes of phenomena", physics in the process of its development formed first a mechanical picture of the world (XVII-XIX centuries), then an electromagnetic picture (second half of the XIX - early XX centuries) and, finally, a modern physical picture of the world (mid-twentieth century).

At the beginning of our century was created theory of relativity- first special, and then general. It can be regarded as a magnificent conclusion to the complex of intensive research carried out in the 19th century, which led to the creation of so-called classical physics. Famous American physicist W. Weiskopf described the theory of relativity in the following way: “This is a completely new set of concepts within which mechanics, electrodynamics and gravitation are unified. They brought with them a new perception of concepts such as space and time. This set of ideas is in a sense the pinnacle and synthesis of nineteenth-century physics. They are organically connected with classical traditions"

At the same time, at the beginning of the century, another fundamental physical theory of the 20th century began to be created, and by the end of the first third of the century, another fundamental physical theory of the 20th century gained sufficient harmony. quantum theory. If the theory of relativity effectively completed the previous stage in the development of physics, then quantum theory, decisively breaking with classical physics, opened qualitatively new stage in man's knowledge of matter. “Quantum theory is characterized precisely by the break with the classics,” wrote Weiskopf. “This is a step into the unknown, into the world of phenomena that did not fit within the framework of the ideas of nineteenth-century physics. It was necessary to create new methods of thinking in order to understand the world of atoms and molecules with its discrete energy states and characteristic features of spectra and chemical bonds»

Using quantum theory, physicists have made in the XX century. in the literal sense of the word, a breakthrough in understanding issues related to mole and matter, the structure and properties of crystals, molecules, atoms, nuclear nuclei, interconversions elementary particles. New branches of physics arose, such as solid state physics, plasma physics, atomic and Molecular physics, nuclear physics, elementary particle physics. And in traditional sections, for example, optics, completely new chapters appeared: quantum optics, nonlinear optics, holography, etc.

Physics investigates the fundamental regularities of phenomena; this predetermines its leading role in the entire cycle of the natural and mathematical sciences. The leading role of physics was especially clearly revealed precisely in the 20th century. One of the most compelling examples is the explanation periodic system chemical elements based on quantum mechanical concepts. At the intersection of physics and other natural sciences new scientific disciplines emerged.

Chemical physics explores electronic structure atoms and molecules, the physical nature of chemical bonds, the kinetics of chemical reactions.

Astrophysics studies the variety of physical phenomena in the Universe; widely applies methods spectral analysis and radio astronomy observations. Separate sections of astrophysics are: physics of the Sun, physics of planets, physics of the interstellar medium and nebulae, physics of stars, cosmology. Biophysics considers physical and physico-chemical phenomena in living organisms, the influence of various physical factors to living systems. At present, independent areas of bioenergetics, photobiology, and radiobiology have emerged from biophysics.

Geophysics explores internal structure earth, physical processes occurring in its shells. Distinguish between the physics of the solid earth, the physics of the sea and the physics of the atmosphere.

We also note agrophysics, studying the physical processes in soil and plants and developing ways to regulate the physical conditions of life of agricultural crops; petrophysics, investigating the relationship of the physical properties of rocks with their structure and history of formation; psychophysics, r considering the quantitative relationships between the strength and nature of the stimulus, on the one hand, and the intensity of the stimulus, on the other.