On the territory of the Sverdlovsk region there are 72 burial grounds of animals that fell victim to anthrax, a deadly disease that has killed more than 2,000 deer in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug since mid-July and has already claimed the life of one 12-year-old child. In the Sverdlovsk region, 57% of burials are considered “comfortable” burials, another 43% pose a potential threat to local residents.
Of the 72 burial grounds located in the region, 41 are safely equipped: the burial area, where the spores are located, is completely filled with concrete. Fences have been installed along the perimeter of such “safe” burial grounds, said Natalya Bannikova, deputy head of the Rosselkhoznadzor department for the Sverdlovsk region.
31 potentially dangerous burial grounds are surrounded by a simple wooden fence, next to which warning notices are installed. “Burial grounds can pose a threat to the spread of anthrax spores only if wild animals or people enter the closed area and, without realizing the consequences, begin to graze their livestock there,” says Bannikova. According to the existing law, the burial ground must be fenced, so even a simple wooden fence is not considered a violation.
How anthrax can "come out" of the burial ground
If a cow grazes in an area infected with an ulcer, she runs the risk of eating anthrax spores along with the grass. If then such a cow is bitten by a blood-sucking insect, for example, a mosquito, it will become a carrier of a deadly infection. This mosquito can bite a person who will also be infected, the Rosselkhoznadzor explains.
In addition to the level of equipment of burial grounds, the accuracy of their determination is important. In this sense, anthrax burials in the Sverdlovsk region fall into two categories. The first is burial grounds, the boundaries of which are clearly defined by employees of the Rosselkhoznadzor, where the nature of the burial of animal corpses is also known for certain. Only 22 burial grounds have such accurate data on the area and nature of the burial. Another 50 anthrax burials in the region, belonging to the second category, do not have exact boundaries. As a rule, the place that stores anthrax spores is determined simply from the words of local old-timers. As Znak.com was assured in the supervisory department, such an area is fenced along a deliberately larger perimeter in order to minimize the possibility of the spread of a deadly disease.
The longest distance from the burial place to human habitats is 7 kilometers. But some burial grounds are located only 200 meters from settlements. In addition, two burial grounds are located right on the territory of the village of Sadovy near Yekaterinburg.
The largest burial ground in the Sverdlovsk region is considered to be a burial two kilometers from Alapaevsk. The area of this animal burial ground is 10 thousand square meters. According to the Rosselkhoznadzor, in 1984 a large number of bulls were buried there.
Znak.com checked how they look burial grounds closest to Yekaterinburg where animals that died from anthrax are buried. It turned out that two cattle burial grounds, which are located in the Chkalovsky district of the Ural capital near the village of Rudny, are completely safe for local residents.
The area of both animal burial grounds is about 100 square meters. Each is surrounded by a fence lined with white brick, the height of which is more than 2 meters. There is no way to get over the fence, as a spiral of barbed wire is stretched from above. Inside the brick fence, there is another fence made of metal plates. Inside such a metal-brick "box" the ground is completely filled with concrete, so there are no plants that could become carriers of anthrax spores.
The cattle cemetery itself is located in a lowland, literally 30 meters from the road and about a hundred meters from the nearest house of local residents. The inhabitants of the village are not afraid of the “fiery infection”: “We don’t go there”, “The cemeteries are far away, and this ulcer was so long ago.”
Paths have been trampled around the burial sites, along which people, apparently, go to the forest.
Checks and vaccinations
“Anthrax burial grounds are checked according to the staff schedule twice a year: in autumn and spring,” Natalia Bannikova explained. There is also a permanent record of vaccination of animals against anthrax, controlled by veterinarians.
Now, due to an outbreak of anthrax in the Yamalo-Nenets autonomous region employees of the Rosselkhoznadzor check all 72 burial grounds unscheduled, including re-checking the livestock for vaccination. “If an animal or a person in close contact with livestock has not been vaccinated for some reason, this situation is immediately corrected,” the representative of the regional agricultural department explained. The problem is that in the intense heat that has now set in the Sverdlovsk region, it is difficult to vaccinate livestock: you have to drive the animals into barns and sheds so that they survive the vaccination.
1979 epidemic
In Yekaterinburg, in the Chkalovsky district, not far from the village of Rudny, there are two anthrax burials, each with an area of 100 square meters. Both burials date back to 1979.
It was then, 37 years ago, that an anthrax epidemic was recorded in Sverdlovsk. According to official figures, 64 people died, but some journalists and researchers claim that about a hundred people became victims of the epidemic.
Recall that there are two versions of the outbreak. The first, official, says that anthrax people fell ill due to the consumption of contaminated meat by local residents. However, there is an unofficial, but recognized by many version, which is confirmed by numerous facts and evidence: the epidemic arose because of a "cloud of anthrax spores." The release occurred, as reported by the media, through the fault of Nikolai Chernyshev, an employee of the laboratory for the production of ulcer spores in the 19th military town of Sverdlovsk, where experiments were carried out to produce bacteriological weapons. Chernyshev removed the dirty filter, which was supposed to prevent spores from entering the environment, however, did not make a corresponding entry in the log about this. The next day, his boss, Kanatzhan Alibekov, turned on the laboratory equipment and noticed the absence of a filter only after a few hours. But it was already too late.
A cloud of anthrax spores covered the south and southeast of Sverdlovsk, partially passed over the territory of the nearby military camp No. 32, as well as over the Vtorchermet area and the village of a ceramic factory. Most of the dead Sverdlovsk residents were found to have the most dangerous form anthrax - pulmonary, which occurs in only 1-2% of all cases of infection. It is the fact of the disease in the pulmonary form that primarily indicates that the cause was not animal meat. In the 90s, Russian President Boris Yeltsin admitted the fact of a leak biological weapons from the laboratory of the 19th military camp.
Symptoms of anthrax
There are two forms of anthrax: cutaneous and septic. In the cutaneous form, hard ulcers - carbuncles - jump up on the skin. At first, they may look like small insect bites, itchy, and there is a burning sensation. After 12-24 hours, a fluid-filled vesicle is formed, upon opening of which an ulcer is formed, reaching 8-15 mm in diameter in a day.
The septic form is rare (1-2% of cases). It starts with chills and a sharp rise in temperature to 39-40 degrees. This is accompanied by tachycardia, shortness of breath, chest pain, cough with bloody sputum. With the development of infectious-toxic shock, hemorrhagic pulmonary edema occurs. This is followed by nausea, bloody vomiting, bloody stools. Then edema and swelling of the brain, gastrointestinal bleeding, peritonitis are possible.
In the absence of treatment from the skin form, 10-20% of the diseased die. The pulmonary form is much more severe - 90-95% of patients die even with appropriate treatment.
On the territory of the Sverdlovsk region there are 72 burial grounds of animals that fell victim to anthrax, a deadly disease that has killed more than 2,000 deer in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug since mid-July and has already claimed the life of one 12-year-old child. In the Sverdlovsk region, 57% of burials are considered “comfortable” burials, another 43% pose a potential threat to local residents.
Of the 72 burial grounds located in the region, 41 are safely equipped: the burial area, where the spores are located, is completely filled with concrete. Fences have been installed along the perimeter of such “safe” burial grounds, said Natalya Bannikova, deputy head of the Rosselkhoznadzor department for the Sverdlovsk region.
31 potentially dangerous burial grounds are surrounded by a simple wooden fence, next to which warning notices are installed. “Burial grounds can pose a threat to the spread of anthrax spores only if wild animals or people enter the closed area and, without realizing the consequences, begin to graze their livestock there,” says Bannikova. According to the existing law, the burial ground must be fenced, so even a simple wooden fence is not considered a violation.
How anthrax can "come out" of the burial ground
If a cow grazes in an area infected with an ulcer, she runs the risk of eating anthrax spores along with the grass. If then such a cow is bitten by a blood-sucking insect, for example, a mosquito, it will become a carrier of a deadly infection. This mosquito can bite a person who will also be infected, the Rosselkhoznadzor explains.
In addition to the level of equipment of burial grounds, the accuracy of their determination is important. In this sense, anthrax burials in the Sverdlovsk region fall into two categories. The first is burial grounds, the boundaries of which are clearly defined by employees of the Rosselkhoznadzor, where the nature of the burial of animal corpses is also known for certain. Only 22 burial grounds have such accurate data on the area and nature of the burial. Another 50 anthrax burials in the region, belonging to the second category, do not have exact boundaries. As a rule, the place that stores anthrax spores is determined simply from the words of local old-timers. As Znak.com was assured in the supervisory department, such an area is fenced along a deliberately larger perimeter in order to minimize the possibility of the spread of a deadly disease.
The longest distance from the burial place to human habitats is 7 kilometers. But some burial grounds are located only 200 meters from settlements. In addition, two burial grounds are located right on the territory of the village of Sadovy near Yekaterinburg.
The largest burial ground in the Sverdlovsk region is considered to be a burial two kilometers from Alapaevsk. The area of this animal burial ground is 10 thousand square meters. According to the Rosselkhoznadzor, in 1984 a large number of bulls were buried there.
Znak.com checked how they look burial grounds closest to Yekaterinburg where animals that died from anthrax are buried. It turned out that two cattle burial grounds, which are located in the Chkalovsky district of the Ural capital near the village of Rudny, are completely safe for local residents.
The area of both animal burial grounds is about 100 square meters. Each is surrounded by a fence lined with white brick, the height of which is more than 2 meters. There is no way to get over the fence, as a spiral of barbed wire is stretched from above. Inside the brick fence, there is another fence made of metal plates. Inside such a metal-brick "box" the ground is completely filled with concrete, so there are no plants that could become carriers of anthrax spores.
The cattle cemetery itself is located in a lowland, literally 30 meters from the road and about a hundred meters from the nearest house of local residents. The inhabitants of the village are not afraid of the “fiery infection”: “We don’t go there”, “The cemeteries are far away, and this ulcer was so long ago.”
Paths have been trampled around the burial sites, along which people, apparently, go to the forest.
Checks and vaccinations
“Anthrax burial grounds are checked according to the staff schedule twice a year: in autumn and spring,” Natalia Bannikova explained. There is also a permanent record of vaccination of animals against anthrax, controlled by veterinarians.
Now, due to the outbreak of anthrax in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, employees of the Rosselkhoznadzor are checking all 72 burial sites unscheduled, including re-checking livestock for vaccination. “If an animal or a person in close contact with livestock has not been vaccinated for some reason, this situation is immediately corrected,” the representative of the regional agricultural department explained. The problem is that in the intense heat that has now set in the Sverdlovsk region, it is difficult to vaccinate livestock: you have to drive the animals into barns and sheds so that they survive the vaccination.
1979 epidemic
In Yekaterinburg, in the Chkalovsky district, not far from the village of Rudny, there are two anthrax burials, each with an area of 100 square meters. Both burials date back to 1979.
It was then, 37 years ago, that an anthrax epidemic was recorded in Sverdlovsk. According to official figures, 64 people died, but some journalists and researchers claim that about a hundred people became victims of the epidemic.
Recall that there are two versions of the outbreak. The first, official one, says that people got sick with anthrax due to the consumption of infected meat by local residents. However, there is an unofficial, but recognized by many version, which is confirmed by numerous facts and evidence: the epidemic arose because of a "cloud of anthrax spores." The release occurred, as reported by the media, through the fault of Nikolai Chernyshev, an employee of the laboratory for the production of ulcer spores in the 19th military town of Sverdlovsk, where experiments were carried out to produce bacteriological weapons. Chernyshev removed the contaminated filter, which was supposed to prevent spores from entering the environment, but did not make a corresponding entry in the journal about this. The next day, his boss, Kanatzhan Alibekov, turned on the laboratory equipment and noticed the absence of a filter only after a few hours. But it was already too late.
A cloud of anthrax spores covered the south and southeast of Sverdlovsk, partially passed over the territory of the nearby military camp No. 32, as well as over the Vtorchermet area and the village of a ceramic factory. The most dangerous form of anthrax, pulmonary anthrax, was found in most of the dead Sverdlovsk residents, which occurs in only 1-2% of all cases of infection. It is the fact of the disease in the pulmonary form that primarily indicates that the cause was not animal meat. In the 90s, Russian President Boris Yeltsin admitted the leakage of biological weapons from the laboratory of the 19th military camp.
Symptoms of anthrax
There are two forms of anthrax: cutaneous and septic. In the cutaneous form, hard ulcers - carbuncles - jump up on the skin. At first, they may look like small insect bites, itchy, and there is a burning sensation. After 12-24 hours, a fluid-filled vesicle is formed, upon opening of which an ulcer is formed, reaching 8-15 mm in diameter in a day.
The septic form is rare (1-2% of cases). It starts with chills and a sharp rise in temperature to 39-40 degrees. This is accompanied by tachycardia, shortness of breath, chest pain, cough with bloody sputum. With the development of infectious-toxic shock, hemorrhagic pulmonary edema occurs. This is followed by nausea, bloody vomiting, bloody stools. Then edema and swelling of the brain, gastrointestinal bleeding, peritonitis are possible.
In the absence of treatment from the skin form, 10-20% of the diseased die. The pulmonary form is much more severe - 90-95% of patients die even with appropriate treatment.
In Russia, there are hundreds of abandoned burials of animals that died from anthrax. There are no fences and signs "Caution! Anthrax" near them. Often burials are not put on the cadastral register, that is, according to the documents, they do not even exist. Such conclusions can be drawn on the basis of judicial statistics for 2009-2016.
A recent example: in June 2016, the Central District Court of Chelyabinsk considered the case of an abandoned animal burial ground with anthrax. The burial is located 500 m from the village of Pashnino in the Krasnoarmeisky district of the Chelyabinsk region. The lawsuit against the local authorities was filed by the Chelyabinsk environmental prosecutor.
From the survey report ... it follows that the anthrax burial does not comply with the Veterinary and Sanitary Rules for the collection, utilization and destruction of biological waste
the court's decision
In particular, "the territory of the burial is not fenced, there is no ditches, an earthen rampart along the perimeter of the territory of the anthrax burial, there is no overlap, full house, the distance to pastures, cattle passes is less than 200 meters, the distance to the residential area is less than 1000 meters, the distance to highways- less than 60 m.
"Thus, there is a threat of harm to the natural environment," the court decision says, "as well as to the health of people living near the anthrax burial site, since it is impossible to control the negative impact it has."
The court ordered the local authorities to register the cattle cemetery and equip it in accordance with sanitary standards.
Since 2009, the courts have issued about 300 such decisions. As follows from these statistics, abandoned cattle burial grounds with anthrax were found throughout almost the entire country.
For example, in February 2016 there was a court decision seven cattle burial grounds with anthrax in the Tver region. The administration of the Vakhoninsk rural settlement was obliged to register and fence them off.
In the same month, the court issued a similar decision. 18 anthrax cattle burial grounds in the Perm region.
There are no owners of these objects, the objects do not meet the requirements of the veterinary and sanitary legislation
the court's decision
On the map - all considered for 2009-2016 cases, which are associated with anthrax animal burial grounds and where the plaintiff's claims were satisfied. About 90% of all cases are about registering ownerless cattle burial grounds, as well as about their arrangement in accordance with the rules.
The number of satisfied claims in cases of animal burial groundswith anthrax for 2009–2016
Data source bsr.sudrf.ru
According to the head of the Greenpeace Russia energy program Vladimir Chuprov, hundreds of other abandoned cattle burial grounds with anthrax may remain in Russia in addition to those listed in court decisions. And at any moment one of them can become the source of the epidemic.
For example, a cow or a deer will come up, nibble on the grass and become infected, - said the chief infectious disease specialist Leningrad region Alexei Kovelenov.- And behind the animals - people.
Perhaps this is how the epidemic broke out in Yamal.
At the end of July, it became known that deer had become massively ill with anthrax there. More than a hundred local residents were hospitalized. In 24 people, the diagnosis of anthrax was confirmed. An elderly woman with her grandson died due to illness.
Many of those infected ate deer meat. The children, as Rospotrebnadzor found out, pulled out the veins from the dead deer with their teeth in order to make threads from these veins (this is a national tradition).
Deputy Director for scientific work The Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor, Viktor Maleev, earlier in the media called the main cause of infection in Yamal: "Withcat burial grounds, which used to be under permafrost, apparently thawed, and the bacterium became more active. "He noted that the authorities and scientists may simply "not knowlocations of all animal burial grounds, and this bacterium can be stored for hundreds of years."
Deputy Chairman of the State Duma Committee on natural resources, nature management and ecology, Alexander Vasilenko explained to Life why the authorities do not know about many cattle burial grounds.
Let's say the river bed changes, and the water begins to wash away old burials, he said. - So it was, for example, in the Tver region, when the Volga and reservoirs changed their configuration a little. And local residents say that there used to be a cattle burial ground here, we know about it, but this is not recorded anywhere. And then information about this can reach the prosecutor's office. And the prosecutor's office can, in turn, apply to the court. This is a typical situation.
As Aleksey Kovelenov said, when cutting a carcass, you can become infected with a skin form of anthrax, and if you eat the meat of an infected animal, you can get an intestinal, more serious one.
Like Life, in the cutaneous form, after an incubation period of 3-14 days, a small red spot appears on the skin, as if from an insect bite. Then it turns into a pimple, vesicle, boil. There are several rashes, they are very itchy. There is fever and chills. The intestinal form of anthrax begins with a sharp pain in the abdomen. Then the patient is tormented by bloody vomiting and bloody diarrhea. The thing is that the same boils form in the intestines and stomach. In the pulmonary form, they occur in the respiratory organs. This provokes a cough with bloody sputum, choking and chest pain.
Anthrax is treated with antibiotics and bed rest. In the case of a skin form, sterile dressings are applied. After a few years, the disease can be re-infected.
If anthrax is left untreated, the mortality rate for cutaneous anthrax is 10-20%, with intestinal - about 50%.
It cannot be said that anthrax in Russia "subsided" before the Yamal epidemic. Individual cases of infection were recorded every year, but they were not massive.
Every year, scientists from the Stavropol Research Anti-Plague Institute analyze the number of cases of anthrax in Russia. They also give forecasts for the next year (usually 20-24 people). It turns out that this year the incidence was higher than scientists expected, and broke a seven-year record.
On the approval of the List of anthrax animal burial grounds, in respect of which local governments are vested with state powers of the Moscow Region to register the ownership of the Moscow Region and the List of anthrax ...
GOVERNMENT OF THE MOSCOW REGION
ORDER
On approval of the List of anthrax cattle burial grounds, in respect of which local governments are vested with the state powers of the Moscow region to register the property of the Moscow region and the List of anthrax cattle burial grounds, owned by the Moscow region, in respect of which local governments are vested with state authorities of the Moscow region for their arrangement and maintenance
In order to implement the Law of the Moscow Region N 251 / 2017-OZ "On vesting local governments of municipal districts and urban districts of the Moscow Region with certain state powers of the Moscow Region to register anthrax cattle burial grounds in the ownership of the Moscow Region, to equip and maintain anthrax cattle burial grounds owned by the Moscow areas" :
1. Approve the attached:
2. The Main Directorate for Information Policy of the Moscow Region shall ensure the official publication of this order by posting (publishing) on the Internet portal of the Government of the Moscow Region.
3. This order comes into force from the date of its signing.
4. To impose control over the implementation of this order on the Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Moscow Region - Minister of Investments and Innovations of the Moscow Region Butsaev D.P.
Governor
Moscow region
A.Yu.Vorobiev
The list of anthrax animal burial grounds, in respect of which local governments are vested with state powers of the Moscow region to register the ownership of the Moscow region
APPROVED
government order
Moscow region
The list of anthrax animal burial grounds, in respect of which local governments are vested with state powers of the Moscow region to register the ownership of the Moscow region
5. Anthrax animal burial ground near the railway crossing of the station Zolotova of the rural settlement Ashitkovskoye Voskresensky municipal district.
6. Anthrax cattle burial ground near Timokhovo village, Akseno-Butyrskoye rural settlement, Noginsk municipal district.
7. Anthrax cattle burial ground near the village of Stromyn, the rural settlement of Mamontovskoye, Noginsk municipal district.
8. Anthrax cattle burial ground near the village of Belavino, Likino-Dulyovo urban district.
9. Anthrax cattle burial ground near the village of Stepanovskoye, Ulyaninskoye rural settlement, Ramensky municipal district.
10. Anthrax cattle burial ground near the village of Donino, urban settlement Kratovo, Ramensky municipal district.
11. Anthrax cattle burial ground near the village of Pleshkino, Chekhov city district.
12. Anthrax cattle burial ground near the village of Klin-Beldin, Zaraysk city district.
13. Anthrax cattle burial ground near the village of Novaya Derevnya, Zaraysk urban district.
14. Anthrax cattle burial ground near the village of Astapovo, Lukhovitsy urban district.
15. Anthrax cattle burial ground near the village of Nevadovo, Lukhovitsy urban district.
16. Anthrax cattle burial ground near the village of Golovachevo, Lukhovitsy urban district.
17. Anthrax cattle burial ground near the industrial settlement of Beloomut, Lukhovitsy urban district.
18. Anthrax cattle burial ground near the village of Gorodna, Lukhovitsy urban district.
19. Anthrax cattle burial ground near the village of Sosnovka, Ozyory urban district.
20. Anthrax cattle burial ground near the village of Holmy, Ozyory urban district.
21. Anthrax cattle burial ground near the village of Verkhnyaya Purlovka, Serebryanye Prudy urban district.
22. Anthrax cattle burial ground near the village of Krasnoye, Serebryanyye Prudy urban district.
23. Anthrax cattle burial ground near the village of Petrovo, Serebryanye Prudy urban district.
24. Anthrax cattle burial ground near the industrial settlement of Serebryanye Prudy, Serebryanye Prudy urban district.
The list of anthrax cattle burial grounds owned by the Moscow region, in respect of which local governments are vested with state powers of the Moscow region for their arrangement and maintenance
APPROVED
government order
Moscow region
The list of anthrax cattle burial grounds owned by the Moscow region, in respect of which local governments are vested with state powers of the Moscow region for their arrangement and maintenance
1. Anthrax cattle burial ground near the village of Voldyn, rural settlement Tempovoye, Taldomsky municipal district.
2. Anthrax cattle burial ground near the village of Sushchevo, rural settlement of Guslevskoye, Taldomsky municipal district.
3. Anthrax cattle burial ground near the village of Semenovskoye, rural settlement of Guslevskoye, Taldomsky municipal district.
4. Anthrax cattle burial ground near the village of Kostolygino, Ermolinskoye rural settlement, Taldomsky municipal district.
5. Anthrax cattle burial ground near the village of Stepanovskoye, Ulyaninskoye rural settlement, Ramensky municipal district.
6. Anthrax cattle burial ground near the village of Donino, urban settlement Kratovo, Ramensky municipal district.
7. Anthrax cattle burial ground near the industrial settlement of Beloozersky, urban settlement of Beloozersky, Voskresensky municipal district.*
________________
* Content only.
Electronic text of the document
prepared by Kodeks JSC and verified against:
official website of the Government
Moscow region
www.mosreg.ru, 30.03.2018
On approval of the List of anthrax cattle burial grounds, in respect of which local governments are vested with the state powers of the Moscow region to register the property of the Moscow region and the List of anthrax cattle burial grounds, owned by the Moscow region, in respect of which local governments are vested with state authorities of the Moscow region for their arrangement and maintenance
| Document's name: | On approval of the List of anthrax cattle burial grounds, in respect of which local governments are vested with the state powers of the Moscow region to register the property of the Moscow region and the List of anthrax cattle burial grounds, owned by the Moscow region, in respect of which local governments are vested with state authorities of the Moscow region for their arrangement and maintenance |
| Document Number: | 154-RP |
| Type of document: | Order of the Government of the Moscow Region |
| Host body: | Government of the Moscow Region |
| Status: | current |
| Published: | Official website of the Government of the Moscow Region www.mosreg.ru, 30.03.2018 |
| Acceptance date: | March 29, 2018 |
| Effective start date: | March 29, 2018 |
Almost 75 years later: last week it became known about the mass death of deer in Yamal from anthrax: more than 2,300 animals died, quarantine was introduced in the Yamal region.
According to the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the reason for the infection of the deer was an unusually warm summer for the Far North: for a month, the Yamal was anomalously hot - up to 35 degrees Celsius. More than 160 people, including over 90 children, were evacuated from the reindeer herders' camp. On Monday, the YNAO authorities announced that the diagnosis of anthrax had previously been confirmed in 8 people, including three children. One child has died.
About what measures are being taken to combat the terrible disease and why the disease returned again decades later, the site's correspondent spoke with Viktor Zuev, Honored Scientist, member of the New York Academy of Sciences, chief researcher at the Gamaleya Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology.
“Anthrax is a particularly dangerous disease that affects not only animals, but also people. The first outbreak of this disease in the last 75 years occurred due to an unusually hot summer for these parts, which caused the cattle burial grounds to thaw, where during the last outbreak of the Siberian plague, the remains of animals that died from the disease were buried ..
Unfortunately, it is impossible to immediately establish: the spread of the ulcer became known only after the mass death of deer began. And the most energetic reaction from the sanitary and epidemiological services immediately followed: the best specialists, equipment and even the military are involved, the expert noted.
"All this suggests that the attitude towards such phenomena in our country is very serious. And it is not worth linking this with some tragic prospects: a long time ago in our country, Soviet Union, a very effective vaccine against Anthrax was created, therefore, the contingent that is sent there is vaccinated ..
This pathogen is dangerous for its survivability: the substance that it produces creates a kind of capsule around it, which allows it to survive for almost a hundred years, while maintaining resistance to temperature changes. All existing cattle burial grounds are located not only in the zone permafrost, but also in the Chernozem zone, in ordinary latitudes, there is no permafrost.
"All these cattle burial grounds can be opened up due to river floods. For example, recently Voronezh and Chelyabinsk were floating during the flood and this was an exceptional event. And such exceptional events can open up, wash away cattle burial grounds. Of course, this must be carefully monitored. And our sanitary Epidemiological services know and remember about this.
Of course, the question arises: why were people and animals in these areas not vaccinated earlier? The reason, apparently, is that no one knew about the existence of cattle burial grounds in this place. And it’s simply impossible to do it all over the country prophylactically, the expert said
"And today we will not be able to name exactly the area where there is an increased risk of such infection - we do not know the location of the old burial grounds. I have a dacha in the Pavlovo-Posadsky district. Maybe in 1600 cattle burial grounds were also organized here, who knows ?.
Science, experts, are very vigilantly watching this. A lot was done by microbiologists and virologists in the Soviet era. And now this work continues. Our research center has obtained a vaccine against the Ebola virus.
"Our microbiologists are great: they created it very quickly, with an original approach. So, we have everything in order with the sanitary and epidemiological services, starting from the old days. During the war, we won two battles: one on the battlefield, and the other - in hospitals, with infectious diseases", - said the site Viktor Zuev.
She shared her point of view in an interview with a Pravda,.Ru correspondent and acting Director of the Institute of Biology, Komi Scientific Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Biology Svetlana Dekteva
“As for Yamal, the information is absolutely correct in the media. There are a lot of animal burial grounds on the territory of the Tundra, and some with a long and long history. Very hot summers, and in general, global warming provokes the thawing of permafrost. anthrax, especially in permafrost, persists for centuries. It is not always known exactly where such cattle burial grounds are located, this was the reason for such a force majeure situation," Svetlana Dekteva said in an interview with the site.
Experts predicted that in the conditions of global warming and thawing of permafrost, microbes that cause infectious diseases, some of which are even unknown modern man because they haven't been heard from in decades.
“The fact that anthrax pathogens were transmitted to people from infected deer is explained very simply: reindeer herders are in direct contact with animals, eat venison. Sick children, most likely, also became infected from sick animals. Ulcer spores can also enter the respiratory tract , this is confirmed by cases of infection when the virus was sent by mail," Svetlana Dekteva said in an interview with the website.
It cannot be said, the biologist continued, that we have no work in this direction: specialized institutions are purposefully engaged in the fight against such diseases. The Academy of Sciences deals with this issue to a lesser extent. But there are special institutes in the country that are engaged in the study of infectious diseases, the development of sera against them.
“Of course, vaccination, as a disease prevention, is the best remedy. However, when the disease does not remind of itself for a long time, it is probably possible not to be vaccinated. But against poliomyelitis, outbreaks of which were recently recorded in Ukraine, Moldova and the republics of Middle "In Asia, vaccination is a must. That's why we vaccinate all our children. We must remember that in the 1950s, a lot of children died from this disease, including in developed countries such as the United States," - said Svetlana Dekteva site.
The insidiousness of such diseases is that they are active. In the Middle Ages, the plague wiped out entire cities in Europe. And now every now and then there are terrible epidemics: they just seem to have coped with Ebola, so attack again - the Zika virus, which spreads very quickly in a hot climate.
“It is worth noting that such global epidemics are typical, first of all, for countries with a very hot climate. In the North, low temperatures were a deterrent. But there is warming and the infection gets a favorable environment for the spread,” Svetlana Dekteva said in an interview with a correspondent website.