Naryshkins, a Russian noble family from small estate Tatar landowners, known from the middle. 16th century The Naryshkins entered the political arena in 1671 after the tsar's second marriage. Alexei Mikhailovich, married Natalya Kirillovna Naryshkina (1651-94), future mother Peter I. She was brought up in the family of A.S. Matveev, where she was introduced to the king. With accession Fedor Alekseevich(1676) an open hostility was discovered between the relatives of the first wife - Miloslavsky and the Naryshkins, which led to the exile of A.S. Matveev, Ivan Kirillovich and other Naryshkins. The death of Fyodor Alekseevich (April 27, 1682) and the proclamation of Peter the Tsar led to the short-term rise of the Naryshkins. But as a result of the performance of the archers in May 1682, among others boyars Ivan Kirillovich and Afanasy Kirillovich were killed, and their father (and the father of Natalia Kirillovna) Kirill Poluektovich Naryshkin was tonsured a monk and exiled. Overthrow Sofia Alekseevna and the actual accession of Peter I (1689) lead to a new rise of the Naryshkins. Natalya Kirillovna began to play a prominent role in the government of the state; Lev Kirillovich (uncle of Peter I) in 1690-1702 - head of the Embassy orders and one of the main persons in government. From n. 18th century the role of the Naryshkins is falling, but up to Alexander I and later they, occupying prominent court and government positions, exerted a noticeable influence on the state policy of Russia.
V. Sergeev
The Naryshkins are a Russian noble family from small estate Tarusa landowners, known from the middle of the 16th century. The Naryshkins moved into the political arena in 1671 after the second marriage of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, who married Natalya Kirillovna Naryshkina (1651-1694), the future mother of Peter I. She was brought up in the family of A. S. Matveev, where she was introduced to the tsar. With the accession of Fyodor Alekseevich (1676), an open enmity was revealed between the relatives of the first wife - the Miloslavskys and the Naryshkins, which led to the exile of A. S. Matveev, Ivan Kirillovich and other Naryshkins. The death of Fyodor Alekseevich (April 27, 1682) and the proclamation of Peter the Tsar led to the short-term rise of the Naryshkins. But as a result of the performance of the archers in May 1682 (see the Moscow uprising of 1682), Ivan Kirillovich and Afanasy Kirillovich Naryshkin were killed among other boyars, and their father (and the father of Natalya Kirillovna) Kirill Poluektovich Naryshkin was tonsured a monk and exiled. The overthrow of Sofya Alekseevna and the actual accession of Peter I (1689) lead to a new rise of the Naryshkins. Natalya Kirillovna began to play a prominent role in the government of the state; Lev Kirillovich Naryshkin (uncle of Peter I) in 1690-1702 - the head of the Ambassadorial order and one of the main persons in government. Since the beginning of the 18th century, the role of the Naryshkins has been declining, but up to Alexander I and later, the Naryshkins, occupying prominent court and government positions, had a noticeable influence on the state policy of Russia. M. M. Naryshkin- Decembrist.
V. I. Sergeev. Moscow.
Soviet historical encyclopedia. In 16 volumes. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. 1973-1982. Volume 9. MALTA - NAKHIMOV. 1966.
Literature: Bogoslovsky M. M., Peter I. Materials for biography, vol. 1-3, M., 1940-1946.
Naryshkins, noble family. According to the legend recorded in the "General armorial noble families”, comes from a native of Bohemia, called Narisci. According to some sources, the ancestor was Naryshko , who left the Crimea in 1463 for Moscow and was granted by the Grand Duke Ivan III to the roundabout.
His son Zabelo named at baptism Fedor Naryshkovich .
Grandson Naryshko - Isak Fedorovich - was appointed governor of Ryazan, and under Basil III- governor in Velikiye Luki.
Son of I.F. Naryshkin Grigory Isakovich had sons Semyon, Yanysh and Fedor, the latter had sons Vasyuk, Timofey and Ivan. The son of Ivan Fedorovich, Ivan Ivanovich Naryshkin, was killed in the Kazan campaign of 1552, and his grandson, also Ivan Ivanovich Naryshkin, died in 1605 in a battle with the army of False Dmitry I near Kromy. Five sons of Ivan Ivanovich (younger) laid the foundation for different branches of the family.
One of them comes from Poluekt Ivanovich Naryshkin , son of a boyar, who died in 1633 near Smolensk. His son,
Poluektovich (1623-30.4.1691), participant in the Russian-Polish war of 1654-1667, in 1663 a captain in the regiment of "newly recruited reiters", commanded by the boyar A. S. Matveev, in the late 1660s. complained to the stolniks.
Natalya Kirillovna Naryshkina
The rise of the clan occurred after the marriage in 1671 of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich to the daughter of Cyril Poluektovich Natalya Kirillovna(1651-1694) and the birth of their son - Tsarevich Peter (the future Peter I). Myself Kirill Poluektovich in 1671 he was granted the title of nobles of the Duma, and in 1672 - okolnichie and boyars. In 1673 he received the rank of butler and was appointed chief judge in the Order of the Grand Palace, during the frequent departures of Alexei Mikhailovich on a pilgrimage, "Moscow was in charge." During the Streltsy uprising of 1682, Kirill Poluektovich was forcibly tonsured a monk and exiled to the Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery.
The sons of Cyril Poluektovich - Ivan Kirillovich (1658-17.5.1682) and Afanasy Kirillovich (1662-15.5.1682) Naryshkins - were killed by the rebel archers. Their brother Martemyan Kirillovich (1665-4.3.1697) in the 1680s. was under Peter I, in 1690 he was granted a boyar, another brother, Lev Kirillovich Naryshkin, was the tutor of Peter I.
His son Alexander Lvovich Naryshkin(April 26, 1694-April 25, 1746), Acting Privy Councilor (1740), Senator (1733). In the XVIII - early XX centuries. The Naryshkins served mainly at court.
Son of Alexander Lvovich - Alexander Alexandrovich (22.7.1726-21.5.1795), Ober-Schenk (1762), senator (1768). His son Alexander Lvovich (April 14, 1760 - January 1826), chief marshal (1798), chief chamberlain (1801), began serving in the guard, then at court, in 1799-1819 the chief director of the Imperial Theaters. Since 1818, chancellor of all Russian orders, was known as a connoisseur of painting and music, an honorary member of the Academy of Arts, in 1817-1826 the St. Petersburg provincial marshal of the nobility, from 1820 he lived mainly abroad.
His brother Dmitry Lvovich(30.5.1764-31.3.1838), chamberlain (1798), chief chamberlain (1804), served at court from a young age, enjoyed the favor of Emperor Alexander I.
To another branch of the Naryshkin family belong the descendants of Fyodor Poluektovich (? -12/15/1676), uncle of Tsarina Natalya Kirillovna, granted in 1671 to the room steward, in 1672 to the duma nobles and appointed in 1673 governor in Kholmogory and Arkhangelsk. His son Vasily Fedorovich (? -1702) in 1682 was granted the stewardship, in 1691 - in the roundabout and in the boyars, participated in the "amusing" Kozhukhovsky campaign of 1694 and in Azov campaigns 1695-1696.
His brother Andrei Fedorovich (? -1716) was a room steward (1686-1692), then a governor in Tobolsk (1693-1698). Of the other representatives of the Naryshkin family, the following are known: Matvey Filimonovich (? -1692), cousin of the queen Natalya Kirillovna, in 1674-1676 voivode in Veliky Ustyug, from 1686 steward, from 1688 okolnichiy, from 1690 boyar, participant in the orgies of the “Jesting and Drunkest Cathedral”, had the clown’s rank of “first patriarch”.
His brother Grigory Filimonovich (? -1706), from 1682 steward, in 1684-1691 governor in Verkhoturye, from 1689 okolnichy, in 1692 he was granted a boyar.
His son Semyon Grigoryevich Naryshkin (? -1747), general-in-chief (1730), from 1692 room steward, member of the Great Embassy 1697-1698, later carried out a number of diplomatic missions of Peter I, was involved in the case of Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich and exiled in 1718 in "distant villages", in 1726 he was returned to the court by Catherine I, in 1732-1734 he was under the hetman D. Apostol.
The branch that goes back to Poluekt Ivanovich's brother, Foma Ivanovich Naryshkin, includes the latter's grandson, Kirill Alekseevich (? During the Northern War, during which he led the fortification of Noteburg, which had just been taken by Russian troops (1702), in 1703 he led the construction of one of the bastions of the Peter and Paul Fortress (named after him), in 1704-1710 the Pskov and Derpt chief commandant, in 1710-1716 the commandant of St. Petersburg, in 1716-1719 Moscow governor.
his son Semyon Kirillovich(5.4.1710-27.11.1775), General-in-Chief (1757), Chief Jägermeister (1757).
Great-grandson of Grigory Filimonovich Naryshkin - writer Semyon Vasilyevich (1731-1807), served in the Senate and the Berg Collegium, since 1767 deputy of the Legislative Commission, author of numerous poems and elegies; collaborated in the magazines "Monthly essays, for the benefit and amusement of employees", "Useful entertainment", "Hardworking bee". His brother Alexei Vasilyevich Naryshkin (1742-1800), privy councilor (1787), chamberlain (1776), senator since 1785, known as a poet, author of poems and odes, active member Russian Academy (1787).
Materials of the book are used: Sukhareva O.V. Who was who in Russia from Peter I to Paul I, Moscow, 2005
Read further:
Naryshkin Alexander Alexandrovich(1726-1795), marshal, senator. Son of Alexander Lvovich Naryshkin. Chamberlain of the Grand Duke Peter Fedorovich. Collaborated in the "Monthly writings". Catherine II often visited his house in St. Petersburg, as well as the estate "Red Myza" near St. Petersburg.
Naryshkina Maria Pavlovna(1730-1739), nee Balk-Polevaya, wife of S.K. Naryshkin. On July 17, 1774, she was granted the title of lady of state. According to the “Notes” of Catherine II, she was distinguished by her beauty, which aroused the envy of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna. Was on close terms with K.G. Razumovsky, married to her relative E.I. Naryshkina.
Naryshkina Natalya Kirillovna, tsarina - wife of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich (Quiet).
A large and rich village of Naryshkino played a significant role in the history of the Bekovsky region in the past.
The lands on which it arose were first mentioned in 1622. Then they were called Khopersky on-board harvest. In 1691, they were granted to the uncle of Peter I, the brother of his mother, Tsarina Natalya Kirillovna, nee Naryshkina, the boyar Lev Kirillovich Naryshkin.
The Naryshkin family dates back to the 15th century. There is a legend about the origin of the Naryshkin family from the Czech Republic, from the distorted name of the NORISK tribe (German NORISKEN), which supposedly became the family name of the clan. However, the genealogy, compiled on the basis of bit documents, clearly indicates the progenitor of the surname. This was Crimean Tatar Mordoka Kurbat, who went to Moscow to serve Ivan III(1465), and the Russian Narysh (diminutive Naryshko). His great-grandson Ivan Semyonovich Naryshkin (1528) received a letter of commendation, and in 1544 he was recorded in the thousandth household book. Killed in the Kazan campaign (1552). His son Boris Ivanovich was the head of a large regiment (1516) in the German - Livonian campaign, where he was killed. The sons of Boris Poluekt (Polyevkt) and Polycarp received a letter of patrimony from Shuisky for the Moscow siege.
Polievkt is the ancestor of a branch of the Naryshkin family, which became famous in Russian history for its kinship with the royal house.
Kirill Polievktovich was born in 1623 and at first was a poor service nobleman. From the captains of the Reiter system in the regiment A.A. Matveev rose thanks to the patronage of his commander, and then - the favor of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. Naryshkin was appointed colonel in the archery regiment (1666), and then became a stolnik. finest hour Kirill Polievktovich came when Alexei Mikhailovich chose his daughter Natalya Kirillovna as his wife. After the wedding, the tsar's father-in-law was made a duma nobleman (February 7, 1671), and on the birthday of Tsarevich Peter I he was elevated to the boyars, appointed the butler of the tsarina and the first judge in the order of the large palace. When Peter I reached independent rule, K.P. Naryshkin retired and died in 1693.
Kirill Polievktovich had 5 sons, including Lev Kirillovich (1664 - 1705), a boyar, a member of the council managing state affairs during the first trip abroad of Peter I. Then Lev Kirillovich managed the embassy order (1698 - 1702), but before his death for allowed unrest lost the favor of the king.
Only Lev Kirillovich left offspring: he had 2 sons - Alexander Lvovich (1694-1745) and Ivan Lvovich (1700 - 1734). Alexander Lvovich had a son, Alexander Alexandrovich. And Ivan Lvovich had his only daughter, Ekaterina Ivanovna, married to the hetman of Little Russia, Count Kirill Grigoryevich Razumovsky, and who died at the age of 40 (1731 - 1771). Their daughter Alexandra Apraksina became the last owner of the village from the Naryshkin family. She sold her possessions to the last serf-owner, Count Ilya Andreevich Kushelev - Bezborodko.
During the time of Peter the Great, the Naryshkins owned numerous estates in what is now Moscow, including Fili, Kuntsevo, Sviblovo, Bratsevo, Cherkizovo, Petrovskoye, and Troitse-Lykovo. Vysokopetrovsky Monastery served as their tomb.
The name of the Naryshkins was preserved in the name of the architectural direction "Naryshkin baroque". This is due to the fact that temples were built in this style in the estates of Peter I's relatives by mother.
Origin and branches
The origin of the genus is very obscure. It is believed that the noble origin of the Naryshkins is from the German tribe of Narists (Norisks; German. Norisken), mentioned by Tacitus in a treatise on the Germans, was composed after the marriage of Natalya Kirillovna with the king (1671). Since the city of Eger with the imperial palace was founded on the lands of this tribe, the Naryshkins adopted the coat of arms of this city as a family one.
A more plausible version is that the Crimean Tatar Mordka Kubrat, nicknamed Narysh, or Naryshko, who left for Moscow around 1465, was the ancestor of the Naryshkins. According to the official pedigree, his grandson Isaac was the first to bear the surname Naryshkin. The first Naryshkin known from documents, Boris Ivanovich, was a governor in the campaign of 1575 and died near Sokol.
The Naryshkins rose to prominence in 1671 after the marriage of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich to Natalia, daughter of Kirill Poluektovich Naryshkin. The choice fell on Natalya due to her property with the royal adviser A. S. Matveev. The father of the queen, three of her brothers and four more distant relatives were elevated to the boyar rank; two of them, the boyars Ivan Kirillovich and Afanasy Kirillovich, laid down their lives during the Streltsy revolt of 1682.
To the senior line of the Naryshkins, descended from the brother of Tsaritsa Natalia, the boyar Lev Kirillovich, belonged to Catherine II's beloved amusing Lev Naryshkin, his son Dmitry Lvovich and grandson Emmanuil Dmitrievich (born, perhaps, from his mother's connection with Alexander I). Representatives of this line (traditionally bearing the names "Cyril", "Alexander" and "Leo") did not reach higher degrees neither in the military nor in the civil service, but in the imperial palace they were considered domestic people.
In the course of the 18th century, the colossal fortune of the Naryshkins was squandered. Only on the occasion of the marriage of Ekaterina Ivanovna Naryshkina with Kirill Grigoryevich Razumovsky, a dowry of 44 thousand souls was given. This marriage included the Razumovskys among the richest people Russia. Also, a considerable dowry was given to the cousins of Peter I on the occasion of their marriages with State Chancellor A. M. Cherkassky, Cabinet Minister A. P. Volynsky, Princes F. I. Golitsyn, A. Yu. Trubetskoy and V. P. Golitsyn .
The three younger branches of the family descend from the cousin uncles of Tsarina Natalya Kirillovna - Alexei Fomich, Grigory Filimonovich and Ivan Ivanovich Naryshkin.
The Naryshkin family was included in the VI part of the genealogical book of the Moscow, Oryol, St. Petersburg, Kaluga and Nizhny Novgorod provinces.
Fight with the Miloslavskys
Main Representatives
- Poluekt Ivanovich Naryshkin, a Tarusa landowner, died during the siege of Smolensk in 1633.
- Fyodor Poluektovich, governor in Arkhangelsk (d. 1676); married to Evdokia Khomutova
- Kirill Poluektovich, brother of the previous one; married to Anna Leontieva
- Natalya Kirillovna, queen, daughter of the previous
- Martemyan Kirillovich, her brother, boyar, owner of the village of Troitse-Lykovo
- Lev Kirillovich - brother of the two previous ones, boyar, head of the Ambassadorial order (1698-1702).
- Agrippina Lvovna, daughter of the previous one, wife of State Chancellor A. M. Cherkassky.
- Alexander Lvovich - her brother, director of the Naval Academy, president of the state office, under Peter II was deprived of rank and exiled to the villages, under Anna Ioannovna - president of the Commerce Collegium.
- Alexander Alexandrovich - the son of the previous one, Ober-Schenk.
- Lev Alexandrovich - his brother, chief of the ringmaster, one of Catherine II's close associates.
- Dmitry Lvovich Naryshkin - the son of the previous one, Chief Jägermeister, husband of Maria Chetvertinskaya, favorite of Emperor Alexander I
- Emmanuil Dmitrievich (1813-1901) - son of the previous one, chief chamberlain; rumor called him the father of Alexander I.
- Alexander Lvovich - brother of Dmitry, chief chamberlain, director of the imperial theaters, husband of Maria Alekseevna Senyavina
- Lev Alexandrovich, son of the previous one, participant in the Napoleonic Wars, husband of Olga Pototskaya, organizer of the palace on the Fontanka
- Elena Alexandrovna, wife of Prince Arkady Suvorov
- Dmitry Lvovich Naryshkin - the son of the previous one, Chief Jägermeister, husband of Maria Chetvertinskaya, favorite of Emperor Alexander I
- Naryshkin, Ivan Lvovich (1700-34), the youngest son of Lev Kirillovich, captain of the fleet; married to one of the daughters of Kirill Alekseevich ( below).
- Naryshkina, Ekaterina Ivanovna (1729-71), daughter of the previous one, the richest heiress of her time, wife of Count Kirill Razumovsky.
- Foma Ivanovich Naryshkin, brother of Poluekt.
- Kirill Alekseevich, his grandson, Moscow governor-general, first commandant of Saint Petersburg; The Naryshkinsky bastion of the Peter and Paul Fortress is named after him.
- Semyon Kirillovich, general-in-chief, envoy in London, creator of the fashion for horn music, son of the previous one.
- Pyotr Kirillovich, chamberlain, brother of the previous one.
- Mikhail Petrovich, son of the previous one, lieutenant colonel, owner of the Bogorodskoye-Voronino estate.
- Kirill Mikhailovich, his son, general.
- Mikhail Mikhailovich, brother of the previous one, Decembrist.
- Margarita, their sister, widow of General Tuchkov
- Pavel Petrovich, chamberlain, son of Peter Kirillovich.
- Dmitry Pavlovich, his son, chamberlain.
- Konstantin Pavlovich, brother of the previous one, chamberlain.
- Dmitry Konstantinovich, his son, chamberlain.
- Pyotr Petrovich, major of the guard, son of Pyotr Kirillovich.
- Pyotr Petrovich, his son, senator and privy councillor.
- Natalya, sister of the previous one, wife of Prince S. B. Kurakin.
- Catherine, wife of Prince V. A. Khovansky
- Mikhail Petrovich, son of the previous one, lieutenant colonel, owner of the Bogorodskoye-Voronino estate.
- Kirill Alekseevich, his grandson, Moscow governor-general, first commandant of Saint Petersburg; The Naryshkinsky bastion of the Peter and Paul Fortress is named after him.
- Filimon Ivanovich, brother of Poluekt.
- Matthew - the son of the previous one, the steward, bore the jester's dignity of the first patriarch of the " most drunken cathedral"
- Grigory, brother of the previous one, boyar, governor of Verkhoturye.
- Irina, daughter of the previous one, wife of Field Marshal I. Yu. Trubetskoy
- Semyon, brother of the previous one, general-in-chief.
- Sergei Mikhailovich, nephew of the previous one, major general
- Vasily, son of the previous one, major general, owner of the Ignatovskoye estate
- Ivan, son of the previous one, state councilor
- Alexander Alekseevich, grandson of the previous one, Podolsk governor
- Dmitry, son of Vasily Sergeevich, Taurida governor
- Kirill Anatolyevich, grandson of the previous one, major general, head of the Military Camping Office.
- Ivan, son of the previous one, state councilor
- Vasily, son of the previous one, major general, owner of the Ignatovskoye estate
- Sergei Mikhailovich, nephew of the previous one, major general
- Ivan Ivanovich, brother of Poluekt.
- Ivan Ivanovich, his grandson, roundabout.
- Praskovya Ivanovna, daughter of the previous one, wife of Prince S. D. Golitsyn.
- Ivan Ivanovich, room attendant, married to Anastasia Alexandrovna Miloslavskaya.
- Alexander Ivanovich, his son, Privy Councilor, married to the daughter of Field Marshal N. Yu. Trubetskoy
- Ivan, son of the previous one, master of ceremonies; husband of Baroness Ekaterina Alexandrovna Stroganova
- Dmitry Ivanovich, cousin of the previous one, court adviser; married to Princess Praskovya Nikolaevna Dolgoruky
- Ivan, his son, a chamberlain, is married to Varvara Nikolaevna Ladomirskaya, daughter of Countess E. P. Stroganova. Their children:
- Dmitry, Colonel of the Life Guards Cavalier Guard Regiment.
- Zinaida, wife of Prince B. N. Yusupov
- Ivan, his son, a chamberlain, is married to Varvara Nikolaevna Ladomirskaya, daughter of Countess E. P. Stroganova. Their children:
- Alexander Ivanovich, his son, Privy Councilor, married to the daughter of Field Marshal N. Yu. Trubetskoy
- Ivan Ivanovich, his grandson, roundabout.
Title
Abroad, the Naryshkins, in order to emphasize their status, often called themselves princes or counts. These titles are sometimes reproduced uncritically by contemporary authors as well. In reality, the Naryshkins belonged to the untitled nobility, occupying a leading position among this group. This is due to the fact that the award of princely titles before the reign of Paul I was of an exceptional nature, and the Naryshkins, due to their close relationship with the imperial family, considered accepting the count title below their dignity and real position:
Naryshkin treasure
On March 27, 2012, in St. Petersburg, during restoration work in the Naryshkins' mansion (Tchaikovsky Street, 29; in 1875, the house was acquired by Vasily Naryshkin, the house was rebuilt by the architect R. A. Gedike), the largest treasure in the history of St. Petersburg was found. In particular, it contained several large sets with the coat of arms of the Naryshkins. Since June 4, 2012, 300 of the most interesting items have been exhibited at the Konstantinovsky Palace. According to the assessment, the value of the treasure is 189 million rubles. The final value of the treasure was influenced by the fact that all these items are united by belonging to the same family and the collection has a proven provenance. The content of the treasure is a reference from a historical point of view: it gives an idea of the life of aristocratic families and the dominant tastes of that era.
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Notes
Sources
- A. B. Lobanov-Rostovsky. Russian genealogy book. Volume 2. St. Petersburg, 1895. P. 4-18.
- // Russian biographical dictionary: in 25 volumes. - St. Petersburg. -M., 1896-1918.
- // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.
- Blonsky L.V. Royal, noble, merchant families of Russia. - M., 2008. - S. 289-291.
- P. N. Petrov. (1884)
- (including modern ones)
An excerpt characterizing the Naryshkins
All the young ladies and even the ladies, except for the oldest ones, stood up. Marya Dmitrievna stopped at the door and, from the height of her corpulent body, holding high her fifty-year-old head with gray curls, looked around the guests and, as if rolling up, unhurriedly straightened the wide sleeves of her dress. Marya Dmitrievna always spoke Russian.“Dear birthday girl with children,” she said in her loud, thick voice that overwhelms all other sounds. “Are you an old sinner,” she turned to the count, who was kissing her hand, “do you miss tea in Moscow?” Where to run the dogs? But what, father, to do, this is how these birds will grow up ... - She pointed to the girls. - Whether you like it or not, you need to look for suitors.
- Well, what, my Cossack? (Marya Dmitrievna called Natasha a Cossack) - she said, caressing Natasha with her hand, who approached her hand without fear and cheerfully. - I know that the potion is a girl, but I love it.
She took out pear-shaped yakhon earrings from her huge reticule and, giving them to Natasha, who was beaming and flushed with a birthday, immediately turned away from her and turned to Pierre.
– Eh, eh! kind! come here,” she said in a mockingly quiet and thin voice. - Come on, my dear...
And she rolled up her sleeves menacingly even higher.
Pierre came up, naively looking at her through his glasses.
"Come, come, dear!" I told your father the truth alone, when he happened to be, and then God commands you.
She paused. Everyone was silent, waiting for what was to come, and feeling that there was only a preface.
- Okay, nothing to say! good boy! ... The father lies on the bed, and he amuses himself, he puts the quarter on a bear on horseback. Shame on you, dad, shame on you! Better to go to war.
She turned away and offered her hand to the count, who could hardly contain himself from laughing.
- Well, well, to the table, I have tea, is it time? said Marya Dmitrievna.
The count went ahead with Marya Dmitrievna; then the countess, who was led by a hussar colonel, right person, with which Nicholas had to catch up with the regiment. Anna Mikhailovna is with Shinshin. Berg offered his hand to Vera. Smiling Julie Karagina went with Nikolai to the table. Behind them came other couples, stretching across the hall, and behind them all alone, children, tutors and governesses. The waiters stirred, chairs rattled, music played in the choir stalls, and the guests settled in. The sounds of the count's home music were replaced by the sounds of knives and forks, the voices of guests, the quiet footsteps of waiters.
At one end of the table, the countess sat at the head. On the right is Marya Dmitrievna, on the left is Anna Mikhailovna and other guests. At the other end sat a count, on the left a hussar colonel, on the right Shinshin and other male guests. On one side of the long table, older youth: Vera next to Berg, Pierre next to Boris; on the other hand, children, tutors and governesses. From behind the crystal, bottles and vases of fruit, the count glanced at his wife and her high cap with blue ribbons and diligently poured wine to his neighbors, not forgetting himself. The Countess, also, because of the pineapples, not forgetting her duties as a hostess, threw significant glances at her husband, whose bald head and face, it seemed to her, were sharply distinguished by their redness from gray hair. There was a regular babble at the ladies' end; voices were heard louder and louder on the male, especially the hussar colonel, who ate and drank so much, blushing more and more that the count already set him as an example to other guests. Berg, with a gentle smile, spoke to Vera about the fact that love is a feeling not earthly, but heavenly. Boris called his new friend Pierre the guests who were at the table and exchanged glances with Natasha, who was sitting opposite him. Pierre spoke little, looked at new faces and ate a lot. Starting from two soups, from which he chose a la tortue, [turtle,] and kulebyaki, and up to grouse, he did not miss a single dish and not a single wine, which the butler in a bottle wrapped in a napkin mysteriously protruded from his neighbor’s shoulder, saying or “drey Madeira, or Hungarian, or Rhine wine. He substituted the first of the four crystal glasses with the count's monogram, which stood in front of each device, and drank with pleasure, looking more and more pleasantly at the guests. Natasha, who was sitting opposite him, looked at Boris, as girls of thirteen look at the boy with whom they had just kissed for the first time and with whom they are in love. This same look of hers sometimes turned to Pierre, and under the look of this funny, lively girl he wanted to laugh himself, not knowing why.
Nikolai was sitting far away from Sonya, next to Julie Karagina, and again, with the same involuntary smile, he spoke something to her. Sonya smiled grandly, but apparently she was tormented by jealousy: she turned pale, then blushed, and with all her might listened to what Nikolai and Julie were saying to each other. The governess looked around uneasily, as if preparing herself for a rebuff, if anyone thought of offending the children. The German tutor tried to memorize the categories of foods, desserts and wines in order to describe everything in detail in a letter to his family in Germany, and was very offended by the fact that the butler, with a bottle wrapped in a napkin, surrounded him. The German frowned, tried to show that he did not want to receive this wine, but was offended because no one wanted to understand that he needed wine not to quench his thirst, not out of greed, but out of conscientious curiosity.
At the male end of the table the conversation became more and more lively. The colonel said that the manifesto declaring war had already been published in Petersburg, and that the copy, which he himself had seen, had now been delivered by courier to the commander-in-chief.
- And why is it difficult for us to fight with Bonaparte? Shinshin said. - II a deja rabattu le caquet a l "Autriche. Je crains, que cette fois ce ne soit notre tour. [He has already knocked down arrogance from Austria. I'm afraid our turn would not come now.]
The colonel was a stout, tall and sanguine German, obviously a campaigner and a patriot. He was offended by Shinshin's words.
“And then, we are a fat sovereign,” he said, pronouncing e instead of e and b instead of b. “Then, that the emperor knows this. He said in his manifesto that he cannot look indifferently at the dangers threatening Russia, and that the security of the empire, its dignity and the holiness of alliances,” he said, for some reason especially leaning on the word "unions", as if this was the whole essence of the matter.
And with his infallible, official memory, he repeated opening remarks manifesto ... "and the desire, the only and indispensable goal of the sovereign, which is to establish peace in Europe on solid grounds - they decided to move now part of the army abroad and make new efforts to achieve" this intention ".
“Here’s why, we are a worthy sovereign,” he concluded, instructively drinking a glass of wine and looking back at the count for encouragement.
- Connaissez vous le proverbe: [You know the proverb:] “Yerema, Yerema, if you would sit at home, sharpen your spindles,” said Shinshin, wincing and smiling. – Cela nous convient a merveille. [This is by the way for us.] Why Suvorov - and he was split, a plate couture, [on the head,] and where are our Suvorovs now? Je vous demande un peu, [I ask you] - constantly jumping from Russian to French he said.
“We must fight until the day after the drop of blood,” said the colonel, banging on the table, “and die rrret for our emperor, and then everything will be fine.” And to argue as much as possible (he especially drew out his voice on the word “possible”), as little as possible,” he finished, again turning to the count. - So we judge the old hussars, that's all. And how do you judge, young man and young hussar? he added, turning to Nikolai, who, hearing that the matter was about the war, left his interlocutor and looked with all his eyes and listened with all his ears to the colonel.
“I completely agree with you,” answered Nikolai, flushing all over, turning the plate and rearranging the glasses with such a determined and desperate look, as if at the present moment he was in great danger, “I am convinced that the Russians must die or win,” he said, himself feeling as well as others, after the word had already been said, that it was too enthusiastic and pompous for the present occasion and therefore awkward.
- C "est bien beau ce que vous venez de dire, [Wonderful! What you said is wonderful,] said Julie, who was sitting next to him, sighing. Sonya trembled all over and blushed to her ears, behind her ears and to her neck and shoulders, while Nikolai spoke. Pierre listened to the colonel's speeches and nodded his head approvingly.
“That's nice,” he said.
“A real hussar, young man,” the colonel shouted, striking the table again.
- What are you talking about there? Marya Dmitrievna's bass voice was suddenly heard across the table. What are you banging on the table for? she turned to the hussar, “who are you getting excited about? right, you think that the French are in front of you?
"I'm telling the truth," said the hussar, smiling.
“It’s all about the war,” the count shouted across the table. “After all, my son is coming, Marya Dmitrievna, my son is coming.
- And I have four sons in the army, but I don’t grieve. Everything is the will of God: you will die lying on the stove, and God will have mercy in battle, ”the thick voice of Marya Dmitrievna sounded without any effort, from the other end of the table.
- This is true.
And the conversation again focused - the ladies at their end of the table, the men at theirs.
“But you won’t ask,” the little brother said to Natasha, “but you won’t ask!”
“I’ll ask,” Natasha answered.
Her face suddenly flared up, expressing a desperate and cheerful determination. She half rose, inviting Pierre, who was sitting opposite her, to listen with a glance, and turned to her mother:
- Mum! her childlike chest voice sounded all over the table.
- What do you want? the countess asked frightened, but, seeing from her daughter's face that it was a prank, she waved her hand sternly, making a threatening and negative gesture with her head.
The conversation hushed.
- Mum! what cake will it be? - Natasha's voice sounded even more resolutely, without breaking.
The Countess wanted to frown, but she couldn't. Marya Dmitrievna shook her thick finger.
“Cossack,” she said threateningly.
Most of the guests looked at the elders, unsure how to take this stunt.
- Here I am! said the Countess.
- Mum! what will the cake be? Natasha shouted already boldly and capriciously cheerfully, confident in advance that her trick would be well received.
Sonya and fat Petya were hiding from laughter.
“So I asked,” Natasha whispered to her little brother and Pierre, whom she looked at again.
“Ice cream, but they won’t give you,” said Marya Dmitrievna.
Natasha saw that there was nothing to be afraid of, and therefore she was not afraid of Marya Dmitrievna either.
— Marya Dmitrievna? what an ice cream! I don't like butter.
- Carrot.
– No, what? Marya Dmitrievna, which one? she almost screamed. - I want to know!
Marya Dmitrievna and the countess laughed, and all the guests followed. Everyone laughed not at Marya Dmitrievna's answer, but at the incomprehensible courage and dexterity of this girl, who knew how and dared to treat Marya Dmitrievna in this way.
Natasha lagged behind only when she was told that there would be pineapple. Champagne was served before ice cream. Again the music began to play, the count kissed the countess, and the guests, rising, congratulated the countess, clinked glasses across the table with the count, the children, and each other. Again the waiters ran in, the chairs rattled, and in the same order, but with redder faces, the guests returned to the drawing room and the count's study.
The Boston tables were moved apart, parties were made, and the count's guests were accommodated in two living rooms, a sofa and a library.
The count, spreading his cards like a fan, could hardly resist the habit of an afternoon nap and laughed at everything. The youth, incited by the countess, gathered around the clavichord and harp. Julie was the first, at the request of everyone, to play a piece with variations on the harp and, together with other girls, began to ask Natasha and Nikolai, known for their musicality, to sing something. Natasha, who was addressed as a big one, was apparently very proud of this, but at the same time she was shy.
- What are we going to sing? she asked.
“The key,” answered Nikolai.
- Well, let's hurry. Boris, come here, - said Natasha. - Where is Sonya?
She looked around and, seeing that her friend was not in the room, ran after her.
Running into Sonya's room and not finding her friend there, Natasha ran into the nursery - and Sonya was not there. Natasha realized that Sonya was in the corridor on a chest. The chest in the corridor was the place of women's sorrows younger generation Rostov houses. Indeed, Sonya, in her airy pink dress, crushing it, lay face down on the dirty striped nurse's feather bed, on the chest, and, covering her face with her fingers, wept bitterly, trembling with her bare shoulders. Natasha's face, lively, all day long, suddenly changed: her eyes stopped, then her broad neck shuddered, the corners of her lips drooped.
– Sonya! what are you?… What, what is the matter with you? Woo woo!…
And Natasha, spreading her big mouth and becoming completely ugly, roared like a child, not knowing the reason and only because Sonya was crying. Sonya wanted to raise her head, wanted to answer, but she could not and hid even more. Natasha was crying, sitting down on a blue featherbed and hugging her friend. Gathering her strength, Sonya got up, began to wipe her tears and tell.
- Nikolenka is going in a week, his ... paper ... came out ... he told me himself ... Yes, I wouldn’t cry ... (she showed the paper she held in her hand: it was poetry written by Nikolai) I wouldn’t cry, but you won’t you can... no one can understand... what kind of soul he has.
And she began to cry again because his soul was so good.
“It’s good for you ... I don’t envy ... I love you, and Boris too,” she said, gathering her strength a little, “he’s cute ... there are no obstacles for you. And Nikolai is my cousin... it is necessary... the metropolitan himself... and that is impossible. And then, if my mother ... (Sonya considered the countess and called her mother), she will say that I spoil Nikolai's career, I have no heart, that I am ungrateful, but right ... by God ... (she crossed herself) I love her so much too , and all of you, only Vera is one ... For what? What did I do to her? I am so grateful to you that I would be glad to sacrifice everything, but I have nothing ...
Sonya could no longer speak and again hid her head in her hands and feather bed. Natasha began to calm down, but it was clear from her face that she understood the importance of her friend's grief.
– Sonya! she said suddenly, as if she had guessed real reason cousin's grief. “Right, did Vera talk to you after dinner?” Yes?
- Yes, Nikolai himself wrote these poems, and I wrote off others; she found them on my table and said that she would show them to mamma, and also said that I was ungrateful, that mamma would never allow him to marry me, and he would marry Julie. You see how he is with her all day ... Natasha! For what?…
And again she wept bitterly. Natasha lifted her up, hugged her and, smiling through her tears, began to comfort her.
“Sonya, don’t trust her, darling, don’t. Do you remember how all three of us talked with Nikolenka in the sofa room; remember after dinner? After all, we have decided how it will be. I don’t remember how, but remember how everything was fine and everything is possible. Uncle Shinshin's brother is married to a cousin, and we are second cousins. And Boris said that it is very possible. You know, I told him everything. And he is so smart and so good,” said Natasha ... “You, Sonya, don’t cry, my dear, darling, Sonya. And she kissed her, laughing. - Faith is evil, God be with her! And everything will be fine, and she will not tell her mother; Nikolenka will tell himself, and he did not even think about Julie.
And she kissed her on the head. Sonya got up, and the kitten perked up, his eyes sparkled, and he seemed ready to wave his tail, jump on his soft paws and play with the ball again, as it was proper for him.
- You think? Right? By God? she said, quickly straightening her dress and hair.
- Right, by God! - answered Natasha, straightening her friend under a scythe a strand of coarse hair that had fallen out.
And they both laughed.
- Well, let's go sing "Key".
- Let's go to.
- And you know, this fat Pierre, who was sitting opposite me, is so funny! Natasha suddenly said, stopping. - I have a lot of fun!
And Natasha ran down the corridor.
Sonya, brushing off the fluff and hiding the poems in her bosom, to the neck with protruding breast bones, with light, cheerful steps, with a flushed face, ran after Natasha along the corridor to the sofa. At the request of the guests, the young people sang the "Key" quartet, which everyone liked very much; then Nikolai sang the song he had learned again.
On a pleasant night, by moonlight,
Imagine being happy
That there is someone else in the world
Who thinks about you too!
That she, with a beautiful hand,
Walking along the golden harp,
With its passionate harmony
Calling to itself, calling you!
Another day, two, and paradise will come ...
But ah! your friend will not live!
And he hasn't finished yet last words when the youth in the hall got ready to dance and the musicians in the choirs clattered their feet and coughed.
| Naryshkins | |
|---|---|
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Coat of arms description: Extract from the General Armorial The shield is divided horizontally into two parts, of which a black single-headed eagle is half visible in the upper blue field. In the lower part, in a red field, there is a golden lattice. The shield is crowned with an ordinary noble helmet with a noble crown and three ostrich feathers. The insignia on the shield is blue and red, lined with gold. The shield is held by two lions. |
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| Volume and sheet of the General Armorial | II, 60 |
| Part of the genealogy book | VI |
| Citizenship | |
| Grand Duchy of Moscow | |
| Kingdom of Russia | |
| Russian empire | |
| Estates | Fili, Kuntsevo, Sviblovo, Bratsevo, Cherkizovo, Bychki, Pada, Petrovskoe |
| Palaces and mansions | Palace of D. L. Naryshkin Palace of L. A. Naryshkin |
| Media files at Wikimedia Commons | |
Naryshkins- Russian noble family, to which the mother of Peter I belonged - Natalya Kirillovna. Before her marriage to Aleksey Mikhailovich, the family was considered as a small landowner and did not hold high positions.
Its origin has not been precisely established. In the 17th century, the enemies of the Naryshkins, later supported by P. V. Dolgorukov, considered the surname to be derived from the word " yaryzhka", That is, a petty servant in the police of that time or a domestic servant. B. G. Unbegaun did not object to such an etymology either.
During the time of Peter the Great, the Naryshkins owned numerous estates in what is now Moscow, including Fili, Kuntsevo, Sviblovo, Bratsevo, Cherkizovo, Petrovskoye, and Troitse-Lykovo. Vysokopetrovsky Monastery served as their tomb.
The name of the Naryshkins was preserved in the name of the architectural direction "Naryshkin baroque". This is due to the fact that temples were built in this style in the estates of Peter I's relatives by mother.
Origin and branches
The origin of the genus is very obscure. It is believed that the noble origin of the Naryshkins - from the Germanic tribe of Narists (Norisks; German Norisken), mentioned by Tacitus in a treatise on the Germans, was composed after the marriage of Natalia Kirillovna with the king (1671). Since the city of Eger with the imperial palace was founded on the lands of this tribe, the Naryshkins adopted the coat of arms of this city as a family one.
A more plausible version is that the Crimean Tatar Mordka Kubrat, nicknamed Narysh or Naryshko, who left for Moscow around 1465, was the ancestor of the Naryshkins. According to the official pedigree, his grandson Isaac was the first to bear the surname Naryshkin. The first Naryshkin known from documents, Boris Ivanovich, was a governor in the campaign of 1575 and died near Sokol.
The Naryshkins rose to prominence in 1671 after the marriage of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich to Natalia, daughter of Kirill Poluektovich Naryshkin. The choice fell on Natalya due to her property with the royal adviser A. S. Matveev. The father of the queen, three of her brothers and four more distant relatives were elevated to the boyar rank; two of them, the boyars Ivan Kirillovich and Afanasy Kirillovich, laid down their lives during the Streltsy revolt of 1682.
To the senior line of the Naryshkins, descended from the brother of Tsaritsa Natalia, the boyar Lev Kirillovich, belonged to Catherine II's beloved amusing Lev Naryshkin, his son Dmitry Lvovich and grandson Emmanuil Dmitrievich (born, perhaps, from his mother's connection with Alexander I). Representatives of this line (traditionally bearing the names "Cyril", "Alexander" and "Lion") did not reach the highest degrees in either military or civil service, but in the imperial palace they were considered domestic people.
In the course of the 18th century, the colossal fortune of the Naryshkins was squandered. Only on the occasion of the marriage of Ekaterina Ivanovna Naryshkina with Kirill Grigoryevich Razumovsky, a dowry of 44 thousand souls was given. This marriage included the Razumovskys among the richest people in Russia. Also, a considerable dowry was given to the cousins of Peter I on the occasion of their marriages with State Chancellor A. M. Cherkassky, Cabinet Minister A. P. Volynsky, Princes F. I. Golitsyn, A. Yu. Trubetskoy and V. P. Golitsyn .
The three younger branches of the family descend from the cousin uncles of Tsarina Natalya Kirillovna - Alexei Fomich, Grigory Filimonovich and Ivan Ivanovich Naryshkin.
The Naryshkin family was included in the VI part of the genealogical books of the Moscow, Oryol, St. Petersburg, Kaluga and Nizhny Novgorod provinces.
Fight with the Miloslavskys
During the reign of Fyodor Alekseevich, a sharp struggle unfolded between the parties of the Naryshkins and the Miloslavskys (the clan to which the tsar's mother belonged). While the state was actually ruled by A. S. Matveev, the Naryshkins continued to be in favor, but after the Miloslavskys succeeded in sending Matveev into exile, the Naryshkins were gradually removed from the court.
In the two-week period between the death of Tsar Fedor Alekseevich and the apogee of the Streltsy rebellion (April 24 - May 14, 1682), the election of Peter to reign again led the Naryshkins to rise: four returned from exile, nine were granted stewardship. Vasily Fedorovich (d. 1702) was named a close person and stolnik, the tsarina's brother Ivan Kirillovich (1658-1682) was granted a boyar and armory. The culmination of the confrontation came in May 1682, when Fedor and Vasily Filimonovichi, Ivan-Peter Fomich, Ivan and Afanasy Kirillovichi were brutally killed by the rebel archers; On May 18, elected people from all orders beat their foreheads so that the grandfather of Peter I, Kirill Poluektovich, was tonsured a monk; the tsar ordered that this be done at the Miracle Monastery and sent with the name Cyprian to the Kirillov Monastery; On May 20, they were beaten with a forehead so that the tsar exiled the rest of the Naryshkins.
For the first time after the overthrow of Sophia, the relatives of Natalya Kirillovna received unlimited influence on state affairs. Even people close to Peter recalled this time with regret:
[Natalya Kirillovna] handed over the rule of the entire state to her brother, the boyar Lev Naryshkin, and other ministers ... The reign of this queen Natalya Kirillovna was very dishonorable, and dissatisfied with the people, and offended. And at that time, unjust rule from judges began, and great bribery, and state theft, which continues to this day with multiplication, and it is difficult to remove its ulcer.
Main Representatives
Family tree of the Naryshkins
- Poluekt Ivanovich Naryshkin, a Tarusa landowner, died during the siege of Smolensk in 1633.
- Fyodor Poluektovich, governor in Arkhangelsk (d. 1676); married to Evdokia Khomutova
- Kirill Poluektovich, brother of the previous one; married to Anna Leontieva
- Natalya Kirillovna, queen, daughter of the previous
- Martemyan Kirillovich, her brother, boyar, owner of the village of Troitse-Lykovo
- Lev Kirillovich - brother of the two previous ones, boyar, head of the Ambassadorial order (1698-1702).
- Agrippina Lvovna, daughter of the previous one, wife of State Chancellor A. M. Cherkassky.
- Alexander Lvovich - her brother, director of the Naval Academy, president of the state office, under Peter II was deprived of rank and exiled to the villages, under Anna Ioannovna - president of the Commerce Collegium.
- Alexander Alexandrovich - the son of the previous one, Ober-Schenk.
- Lev Alexandrovich - his brother, chief of the ringmaster, one of Catherine II's close associates.
- Dmitry Lvovich Naryshkin - the son of the previous one, Chief Jägermeister, husband of Maria Chetvertinskaya, favorite of Emperor Alexander I
- Emmanuil Dmitrievich (1813-1901) - son of the previous one, chief chamberlain; rumor called him the father of Alexander I.
- Alexander Lvovich - brother of Dmitry, chief chamberlain, director of the imperial theaters, husband of Maria Alekseevna Senyavina
- Lev Alexandrovich, son of the previous one, participant in the Napoleonic Wars, husband of Olga Pototskaya, organizer of the palace on the Fontanka
- Elena Alexandrovna, wife of Prince Arkady Suvorov
- Kirill Alexandrovich, Chief Chamberlain, Acting Privy Councilor, husband of Maria Lobanova-Rostovskaya
- Dmitry Lvovich Naryshkin - the son of the previous one, Chief Jägermeister, husband of Maria Chetvertinskaya, favorite of Emperor Alexander I
- Naryshkin, Ivan Lvovich (1700-34), the youngest son of Lev Kirillovich, captain of the fleet; married to one of the daughters of Kirill Alekseevich ( below).
- Naryshkina, Ekaterina Ivanovna (1729-71), daughter of the previous one, the richest heiress of her time, wife of Count Kirill Razumovsky.
- Foma Ivanovich Naryshkin, brother of Poluekt.
- Kirill Alekseevich, his grandson, Moscow governor-general, first commandant of Saint Petersburg; The Naryshkinsky bastion of the Peter and Paul Fortress is named after him.
- Semyon Kirillovich, general-in-chief, envoy in London, creator of the fashion for horn music, son of the previous one.
- Pyotr Kirillovich, chamberlain, brother of the previous one.
- Mikhail Petrovich, son of the previous one, lieutenant colonel, owner of the Bogorodskoye-Voronino estate.
- Kirill Mikhailovich, his son, general.
- Mikhail Mikhailovich, brother of the previous one, Decembrist.
- Margarita, their sister, widow of General Tuchkov
- Pavel Petrovich, chamberlain, son of Peter Kirillovich.
- Dmitry Pavlovich, his son, chamberlain.
- Konstantin Pavlovich, brother of the previous one, chamberlain.
- Dmitry Konstantinovich, his son, chamberlain.
- Pyotr Petrovich, major of the guard, son of Pyotr Kirillovich.
- Pyotr Petrovich, his son, senator and privy councillor.
- Natalya, sister of the previous one, wife of Prince S. B. Kurakin.
- Catherine, wife of Prince V. A. Khovansky
- Mikhail Petrovich, son of the previous one, lieutenant colonel, owner of the Bogorodskoye-Voronino estate.
- Kirill Alekseevich, his grandson, Moscow governor-general, first commandant of Saint Petersburg; The Naryshkinsky bastion of the Peter and Paul Fortress is named after him.
- Filimon Ivanovich (? - 1653), brother of Poluekt, Tarusian boyar son.
- Matthew - the son of the previous one, the steward, bore the jester's dignity of the first patriarch of the " most drunken cathedral"
- Grigory, brother of the previous one, boyar, governor of Verkhoturye.
- Irina, daughter of the previous one, wife of Field Marshal I. Yu. Trubetskoy
- Semyon, brother of the previous one, general-in-chief.
- Vasily Vasilyevich, nephew of the previous one, lieutenant general
- Semyon, son of the previous one, writer
- Alexei, brother of the previous one, governor of Pskov, senator
- Sergei Mikhailovich, nephew of Semyon Grigorievich, major general
- Vasily, son of the previous one, major general, owner of the Ignatovskoye estate
- Ivan, son of the previous one, state councilor
- Alexander Alekseevich, grandson of the previous one, Podolsk governor
- Dmitry, son of Vasily Sergeevich, Taurida governor
- Kirill Anatolyevich, grandson of the previous one, major general, head of the Military Camping Office.
- Ivan, son of the previous one, state councilor
- Vasily, son of the previous one, major general, owner of the Ignatovskoye estate
- Vasily Vasilyevich, nephew of the previous one, lieutenant general
- Ivan Ivanovich, brother of Poluekt.
- Ivan Ivanovich, his grandson, roundabout.
- Praskovya Ivanovna, daughter of the previous one, wife of Prince S. D. Golitsyn.
- Ivan Ivanovich, room attendant, married to Anastasia Alexandrovna Miloslavskaya.
- Alexander Ivanovich, his son, Privy Councilor, married to the daughter of Field Marshal N. Yu. Trubetskoy
- Ivan, son of the previous one, master of ceremonies; husband of Baroness Ekaterina Alexandrovna Stroganova
- Dmitry Ivanovich, cousin of the previous one, court adviser; married to Princess Praskovya Nikolaevna Dolgoruky
- Ivan, his son, a chamberlain, is married to Varvara Nikolaevna Ladomirskaya, daughter of Countess E. P. Stroganova. Their children:
- Dmitry, Colonel of the Life Guards Cavalier Guard Regiment.
- Zinaida, wife of the prince
- Ivan, his son, a chamberlain, is married to Varvara Nikolaevna Ladomirskaya, daughter of Countess E. P. Stroganova. Their children:
- Alexander Ivanovich, his son, Privy Councilor, married to the daughter of Field Marshal N. Yu. Trubetskoy
- Ivan Ivanovich, his grandson, roundabout.
The Naryshkins are an old noble family, which in pre-Petrine times was considered small-scale. Representatives of his high positions did not hold. What changed after Peter's accession? From school course Many people know in history that one of the representatives of this noble family was the mother of the great Russian reformer.
A petty nobleman is an aristocrat who owns small land holdings. However, the Naryshkins already in the 17th century owned numerous Moscow estates, including Kuntsevo, Fili, Bratsevo, Sviblovo, Cherkizovo, Petrovskoye, Troitse-Lykovo. These were far from the last people even in pre-Petrine times. There is such a thing as "Naryshkin baroque", denoting a certain direction in architecture, which became widespread in the second half of the 17th century.
Crimean Tatar Narysh
There is no exact information about when the first Naryshkins appeared. There is a version that this Russian noble family was founded by representatives of the Germanic tribe, whom the ancient Roman historian Tacitus mentions in his work. True, most likely, this theory arose after the tsar married Natalya Kirillovna Naryshkina.
There is also a more plausible version. The founder of the clan was Mordka Kubrat, a Crimean Tatar who had the nickname Narysh. This man came to Moscow in the sixties of the XV century. As it often happened in the old days, the nickname eventually transformed into a surname. The grandson of Mordka Kubrat was already called Naryshkin. He was not a prince. Moreover, representatives of this genus were not awarded the title later.
Rise of the Naryshkins
In 1671, Natalya Kirillovna became the wife of Alexei Mikhailovich, the Russian Tsar, nicknamed Quiet for his relatively calm disposition. Peter's mother was the daughter of Kirill Poliektovich Naryshkin, a governor who became a boyar only after her marriage. But the one who suddenly rose in medieval Russia could just as quickly fall into disgrace. Natalya's brothers, who inherited the boyar rank from their father, were executed after the Streltsy revolt.
In the Naryshkin family, the most common male names became Alexander, Leo, Cyril. From the beginning of the 18th century, the bearers of this surname enjoyed privileges. So, Lev Naryshkin, cousin of Peter the Great, was one of Catherine II's close associates, played the role of an entertainer - he organized celebrations, holidays, picnics, in which, according to historians, he had an extraordinary talent. Representatives of this kind rarely reached heights in military or civil service, but always occupied places of honor in the Imperial Palace.
In the 18th century, most of the Naryshkin fortune was squandered. However, an advantageous marriage saved the situation. Kirill Razumovsky married Ekaterina Naryshkina. A considerable dowry was issued from the treasury. Razumovsky became one of the richest people in the country.
Fight with the Miloslavskys
After the death of Alexei Mikhailovich, his son ascended the throne. He was painful, the boyars understood that he would not live long. And, as usual, launched a struggle for power. On one side of the barricades were the Naryshkins, on the other, the Miloslavskys.
Artamon Matveev became the actual ruler. While he was in power, the Naryshkins remained in favor. However, the Miloslavskys managed to get Matveev sent into exile. After that, the relatives of Natalya Kirillovna also had to leave. True, for some time they rose again - after the death of the young king and before the Streltsy rebellion. But the temporary elevation lasted no more than two weeks.
best times in the history of the Naryshkins began after the overthrow of Sophia. Now they had unlimited influence on the affairs of the state.
Title
Who were the Naryshkins - princes or counts? They didn't have any title. The Naryshkins called themselves princes abroad, where they ended up after the revolution. Untitled nobles thus gave themselves importance.
As already mentioned, the Naryshkins acquired a special position already under Peter the Great. The king granted the princely title in exceptional cases. As for the count, the nobles, who were closely related to the imperial family, considered it below their dignity. In one of the books devoted to representatives of this aristocratic family, it is said: below Alexander Menshikov, who received the title of prince in 1705, the Naryshkins did not want to be.
Natalya Kirillovna
The mother of Peter I was brought up in the Moscow house of the boyar Artamon Matveev. Here Alexei Mikhailovich saw her for the first time. After the death of her husband, difficult times came for Natalya Kirillovna. A struggle unfolded between the Naryshkins and the Mstislavskys, which ended not in favor of the former.
However, the influence of Natalya Kirillovna on her son was significant. This is evidenced by the correspondence of Peter the Great with his mother.
Alexander Lvovich
This Naryshkin lived in the first half of the 18th century. Alexander Lvovich was statesman, headed Maritime Academy. He was Peter the Great's cousin. After Elizaveta Petrovna ascended the throne, Alexander Lvovich became a member of the commission of inquiry over Minikh, Osterman, Golovkin.
Kirill Alekseevich
The exact date of birth of this representative of an old noble family is unknown. Presumably, Kirill Alekseevich was born in 1670. From 1716 he served as Moscow governor. Interesting fact from the life of Kirill Naryshkin: in 1721 he sued his relatives Pleshcheevs because of the estate in Sviblovo. He lost the process. Desolation reigned in the Naryshkin estate in the 20s of the 18th century, expensive furniture and decorations were taken out by the previous owners.
Alexey Vasilyevich
This Naryshkin was born in 1742. He was the son of the Belgorod governor. In 1755, Alexei Naryshkin was appointed to the headquarters of Feldzeugmeister General Orlov. He was part of the retinue of Catherine II during a trip along the Volga. Upon his return to Moscow, Alexei Naryshkin was awarded the title of chamber junker. Since 1783, he held the position of Privy Councilor.
The list of estates owned at different times by representatives of the Naryshkin family is quite extensive. One of the few that have survived to this day is located in the west of Moscow. The building, erected in the 17th century, belongs to historical monuments capital Cities.
Naryshkin's estate
The historical and architectural monument is located in the Filevsky Park area. Its history is quite interesting. After the Streltsy rebellion, the village of Kuntsevo, which was owned by the Miloslavskys, went to Naryshkin. Lev Kirillovich, the uncle of Peter the Great, became its new owner. In 1744, his son laid a stone church on the territory of the estate, on the site of which a new church was erected at the beginning of the 20th century.
Under Alexander Naryshkin, construction began big house, a garden was laid out, greenhouses were created. Catherine the Great visited here in 1763. The main house, like many Moscow buildings, burned down in 1812. But five years later, a new building appeared, which was soon supplemented with outbuildings in the Empire style.
In 1818, in honor of the birth of the heir to the throne, Friedrich Wilhelm III came to Russia. His path lay along the Mozhaisk road, passing near Kuntsevo. In honor of the significant event, Alexander Naryshkin erected an obelisk depicting Emperor Alexander I.
In 1861, Alexander II and Maria Alexandrovna visited the estate. A few years later, this land was owned by the manufacturer Kozma Soldatenkov. He built a new house here, the facade of which was decorated with pilasters and a ribbon frieze.
At various times, such celebrities as Mikhail Lermontov, Leo Tolstoy visited the estate. In 1960, the main building was taken under state protection. Fifteen years later there was a fire that destroyed the wooden buildings. The house was demolished and restored to its original state. However, now brick was used instead of wood.
In 2014, the estate "Kuntsevo", that is its official name, suffered from a fire. The roof was completely burned down along with the turret-belvedere. Restoration work began in the fall of 2015.
Treasure of the Naryshkins
In St. Petersburg, on Tchaikovsky Street, there is a mansion that once also belonged to the famous noble family. In 2012, restoration work was carried out here, during which the news of the find quickly penetrated the media. The builders found the treasure of the Naryshkins in a room that was not in the plan of the building. This stone bag was apparently made by one of the last owners of the palace.
The six-square-meter room was filled with silver utensils bearing the family coat of arms. One of the owners carefully packed a huge service in 1917 newspapers. Nakhodka has great importance from a historical point of view. This treasure gives an idea of the life of Russian aristocrats and the tastes that dominated the era of the nobility.