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Olesya Vladimirovna Yudaeva
Tests in the discipline "Introduction to Linguistics"
Foreword
The course "Introduction to Linguistics" is a propaedeutic linguistic discipline, designed to provide a starting methodological and general theoretical basis for the formation of a broad philological outlook of future translators. Giving students scientific ideas about the essence of language, its place in the system of culturally significant means of communication, about the method of scientific representation and description of language, about the relationship between the history of society and the history of language, language and thought, language and culture, revealing the applied issues of linguistics, this course contributes to the development of the scientific worldview of students as a result of the assimilation of theoretical knowledge about the language and the development of practical skills in foreign language speech.
Thus, the course "Introduction to Linguistics" is closely related to the study of private linguistics (theoretical phonetics, lexicology and phraseology, theoretical grammar, history and style of the language being studied) and practical development foreign languages and this relationship is two-way. Course "Introduction to Linguistics" on initial stage education creates a theoretical basis for studying the theory and practice of foreign languages and creates the prerequisites for further linguistic development and professional development students.
The modern education system involves constant monitoring of the process of assimilation by students of the theoretical foundations of the studied disciplines. As practice shows, in many educational systems not only in our country, but also abroad, such a control method as a test is actively used today. Its undoubted advantages include efficiency in application, relatively small labor costs in processing, the objective nature of the evaluation criteria, etc.
This manual is a collection of training tests in the discipline "Introduction to Linguistics".
Test tasks are developed taking into account the structure and content of basic textbooks and teaching aids in the discipline being studied.
The use of the collection by teachers and students makes it possible to solve specific learning objectives:
- diagnostic, which is manifested in obtaining primary information about the quality of knowledge, skills, psychological qualities of trainees for making the right decisions;
- training, which is implemented when using tasks in a test form to identify gaps in knowledge, consolidate them, and gain the ability to work with tests;
- developing, which manifests itself in additional reflection and motivation for learning based on the results of intermediate testing;
- organizing, which manifests itself in a change by the teacher of the structure educational process based on test methods;
- educational, associated with an increase in learning motivation, the formation of both responsibility for learning outcomes and attitudes towards cooperation, self-organization and self-training;
- managerial, which is associated with the analysis of test results and decision-making to improve the level of educational achievements.
Tasks are given in a formalized form, they are offered three answers. Only one is correct.
The manual includes tests on the main sections of the introduction to linguistics and keys.
These tests can be used by both teachers and students.
Topic 1 General information about linguistics and language as a means of communication
1. Linguistics is
1) the science of the vocabulary of the language, its vocabulary
2) the science of human natural language and all the languages of the world as its specific representatives, the general laws of the structure and functioning of human language
3) integrative science that studies the mechanisms of generation and perception of speech
2. Interest in learning the language arose in
1) Germany in the 19th century.
2) Russia in the XVIII century.
3) Ancient India 3 thousand years ago
3. Scientific linguistics originated in
1) early XIX in.
2) III century. BC e.
3) Middle Ages
4. The section of linguistics that studies a particular language with the aim of using it as a means of communication is
1) private linguistics
2) theoretical linguistics
3) practical linguistics
5. The section of linguistics that studies the theory of language: the essence of language as a system, language units and relations between them, the rules of combinatorics, etc., is
1) applied linguistics
2) theoretical linguistics
3) practical linguistics
6. A section of theoretical linguistics that deals with the study of one language or a group of languages is
1) private linguistics
2) general linguistics
3) synchronic linguistics
7. The section of theoretical linguistics that deals with the study of language in general, its nature, origin, functioning, is
1) private linguistics
2) general linguistics
3) synchronic linguistics
8. The section of theoretical linguistics that studies the state of the language system at a certain point in its development is
1) diachronic linguistics
2) general linguistics
3) synchronic linguistics
9. The section of theoretical linguistics that studies the development of a language system over time is
1) diachronic linguistics
2) general linguistics
3) synchronic linguistics
10. Speech is
11. Language is
1) specific speaking, flowing in time and clothed in sound or graphic form
2) a sign system that serves as the main means of communication
3) intentional construction of an artistic narrative in accordance with the principles of organizing linguistic material and characteristic external speech signs
1) material, concrete, real, dynamic, individual
2) ideal, abstract, potential, conservative, social
3) dynamic, individual, ideal, abstract, potential
1) material, concrete, real, dynamic, individual
2) ideal, abstract, potential, conservative, social
3) dynamic, individual, ideal, abstract, potential
14. Language - a means of coordinating people's activities - is
1) cognitive function
2) metalanguage function
3) communicative function
15. Language is a means of obtaining new knowledge about reality - it is
1) cognitive function
2) metalanguage function
3) communicative function
16. Language - a means of describing the language itself - is
1) cognitive function
2) metalanguage function
3) communicative function
17. Language - a means of expressing emotions - is
1) expressive function
2) emotive function
3) communicative function
18. Language - a means of regulating people's activities - is
1) cognitive function
2) regulatory function
3) communicative function
19. Language is a means of expressing the creative potential of a person, correlated with aesthetic categories beautiful - ugly - This
1) cognitive function
2) aesthetic function
3) emotive function
20. Language - a means of establishing contact - is
1) cognitive function
2) communicative function
3) phatic function
21. Language - a means of accumulating and transmitting information from generation to generation - is
1) accumulative function
2) cognitive function
3) communicative function
22. The hypothesis of the origin of language, according to which language arose from the imitation of the sounds of nature, is
1) theistic theory
2) onomatopoeic theory
3) interjection theory
23. The hypothesis of the origin of language, according to which emotional cries of joy, fear, pain, etc. led to the creation of language, is
1) theistic theory
2) onomatopoeic theory
3) interjection theory
24. The hypothesis of the origin of the language, according to which people agreed on the designation of objects with words, is
1) theistic theory
2) onomatopoeic theory
3) the theory of the employment contract
25. The hypothesis of the origin of the language, according to which the language appeared in the course of collective work from rhythmic labor cries, is
1) the theory of labor cries
2) gesture theory
3) interjection theory
26. The hypothesis of the origin of language, according to which labor created man, and at the same time language arose, is
1) the theory of labor cries
2) gesture theory
3) labor theory
27. The hypothesis of the origin of the language, according to which the language arose abruptly, immediately with a rich vocabulary and language system, is
1) the theory of labor cries
2) gesture theory
3) jump theory
28. The hypothesis of the origin of language, according to which language is a natural organism that arises spontaneously, has a certain life span and dies as an organism, is
1) the theory of labor cries
2) biological theory
3) jump theory
29. The hypothesis of the origin of language, according to which language is an act creative activity god, is
1) theistic theory
2) onomatopoeic theory
3) the theory of the employment contract
30. Adherents of the onomatopoeic hypothesis of the origin of language were
1) Stoics, G. Leibniz
2) E. de Condillac, J.-J. Rousseau
3) A. Schleicher
31. Adherents of the interjectional hypothesis of the origin of the language were
1) Stoics, G. Leibniz
3) A. Schleicher
32. Adherents of the biological hypothesis of the origin of language were
1) Stoics, G. Leibniz
2) Ch. de Brosse, E. de Condillac, J.-J. Rousseau
3) A. Schleicher, T. Hobbes
33. Adherents of the sign hypothesis of the origin of language were
1) Stoics, G. Leibniz
3) A. Schleicher, T. Hobbes
34. Adherents of the hypothesis of labor cries of the origin of the language were
1) L. Noiret, K. Bucher
2) Ch. de Brosse, E. de Condillac, J.-J. Rousseau, W. Wundt
3) F. Engels, K. Marx
35. Adherents of the labor hypothesis of the origin of the language were
1) L. Noiret
2) Ch. de Brosse, E. de Condillac, J.-J. Rousseau, W. Wundt
3) F. Engels, K. Marx
36. Adherents of the hypothesis of a spontaneous leap in the origin of language were
1) L. Noiret
2) W. Humboldt
3) F. Engels, K. Marx
37. One of the main concepts of the nature of language, according to which language is innate physiological property human, due to the presence of specialized nerve centers in the cerebral cortex, as well as the organs of speech and hearing, is
3) sociological concept
38. One of the main concepts of the nature of language, according to which language is a natural phenomenon that does not depend on the will of the speaker, is
1) anatomical and physiological concept
2) naturalistic concept
3) psychological concept
39. One of the main concepts of the nature of language, according to which language is an individual mental act, a phenomenon psychological activity people is
1) sociological concept
2) naturalistic concept
3) psychological concept
40. One of the main concepts of the nature of language, according to which language is social phenomenon, - This
1) sociological concept
2) naturalistic concept
3) psychological concept
41. The form of the existence of a language in the era of the existence of a nation, a complex systemic unity that includes different forms, is
1) national language
2) literary language
3) vernacular
42. A processed form of the national language, which has more or less written norms; the language of all manifestations of culture expressed in verbal form is
1) national language
2) literary language
3) vernacular
43. The main features of the literary language are
1) the presence of writing; normalization, codification, stylistic diversity, relative stability; generality and universality
2) the presence of writing; irregularity, non-codification, stylistic diversity
3) stylistic diversity, dynamism; uncommonness and uncommonness
44. The historically conditioned set of commonly used language means, as well as the rules for their selection and use, recognized by society as the most suitable in a particular historical period, is
1) synchrony
3) occasionalism
45. Variety given language, used as a means of communication with persons connected by a close territorial community, is
1) vernacular
3) dialect
46. A social dialect that differs from the general colloquial language in specific vocabulary and phraseology, expressiveness of phrases and a special use of word-formation means, but does not have its own phonetic and grammatical system, is
1) dialect
2) literary language
47. Expressions, grammatical forms and constructions common in non-literary colloquial speech, characteristic of poorly educated native speakers and clearly deviating from existing literary language norms, - This
1) vernacular
3) dialect
48. Special languages, unlike natural languages, are purposefully constructed; are used to perform individual functions of natural language, in information processing systems, etc., are
1) living languages
2) artificial languages
3) sign languages
49. A language that does not exist in living use and, as a rule, is known only from written monuments or is in artificial regulated use, is
1) sign language
2) dead language
3) agglutinative language
50. The language used to express judgments about another language, the language-object, is
1) hyperlanguage
2) metalanguage
Topic 2 Phonetic-phonological level of the language
1. The section of linguistics that studies the sounds of speech and the sound structure of the language (syllables, sound combinations, patterns of connecting sounds in a speech chain) is
1) phonology
2) phonetics
3) psychophonetics
2. Sounding speech has two main levels
1) segment and super-segment
2) phonetic and phonological
3) general and private
The segment level units are
1) intonation and stress
The units of the supersegment level are
1) intonation and stress
5. There are three aspects of phonetic research
1) anatomical and physiological (articulatory), psychological, functional
2) acoustic, cultural, psychological
3) anatomical and physiological (articulatory), acoustic, functional
6. The anatomical and physiological aspect explores the sounds of speech from the point of view
1) their creation
2) physical characteristics
3) functionality
7. The acoustic aspect explores the sounds of speech from the point of view
1) their creation
2) physical characteristics
3) functionality
8. The functional aspect explores the sounds of speech from the point of view
1) their creation
2) physical characteristics
3) functionality
9. The minimum unit of the speech chain, which is the result of a complex articulatory activity of a person and is characterized by certain acoustic and perceptual properties, is
3) morphoneme
10. The totality of human organs necessary for the production of speech is
1) pronunciation apparatus
2) oral cavity
3) speech apparatus
11. In the speech apparatus, all organs are divided into
1) open, closed
2) active, passive
3) perceiving, generating
12. Active organs of speech include
13. Passive organs of speech include
3) teeth, alveoli, hard palate and the entire upper jaw
14. The complex of works of the organs of speech in a certain sequence is
1) phonation
2) acoustics
3) articulation
15. The set of habitual movements and states of the speech organs necessary for pronouncing the sounds of a given language is
1) articulation base
2) articulatory correlation
3) articulatory paradigm
16. The main phases of the articulation of sounds will be the following
1) inhale, hold the breath, exhale
2) excursion, excerpt, recursion
3) resonance, duration, recursion
17. The correct sequence of phases in the articulation of sounds is as follows
1) excursion, excerpt, recursion
2) excursion, recursion, excerpt
3) recursion, excerpt, excursion
18. The position in which the organs of speech pass from a calm state or articulation of the previous sound to the position necessary for pronouncing this sound is
1) excerpt
2) recursion
3) excursion
19. The position in which the speech organs go into a calm state or in an attack on the articulation of the next sound is
1) excerpt
2) recursion
3) excursion
20. The position at which the position necessary for pronouncing a sound is maintained is
1) excerpt
2) recursion
3) excursion
21. All sounds are divided into
1) vowels and consonants
2) hard and soft
3) voiced and deaf
22. The set of vowels is
1) consonantism
2) vocalism
3) palatalization
23. The set of consonants is
1) consonantism
2) vocalism
3) palatalization
24. The basis for the classification of vowels is
2) a kind of barrier that the organs of speech form for the air flow coming from the lungs
3) row and rise of the tongue, as well as the work of the lips
25. According to the position of the lips, vowels are divided into:
1) noisy and sonorous
2) labialized and non-labialized
3) nasal and non-nasal
26. Horizontal displacement of the tongue to the front or back is
3) affricate
27. The following rows of vowels are distinguished
1) front, middle, rear
2) top, middle, bottom
3) front, middle, bottom
28. The degree of elevation of the tongue during the formation of a given vowel is
3) affricate
29. The following vowel rises are distinguished
1) front, middle, rear
2) top, middle, bottom
3) front, middle, bottom
30. The vowel that forms the top of a syllable is
1) consonant
3) affricate
31. Vowels with complex articulation, pronounced in one syllable and acting as a single speech sound, are
1) diphthongoid
3) diphthong
32. Stressed vowels that have an overtone of another vowel at the beginning or end, close to the stressed one, are
1) diphthongoid
3) diphthong
33. The following signs serve as the basis for the classification of consonants:
1) the kind of barrier that the organs of speech form for the air flow coming from the lungs, the row and rise of the tongue
2) row and rise of the tongue, as well as the work of the lips
3) method of articulation, active organ, place of articulation, work of the vocal cords
34. The nature of overcoming an obstacle and the passage of an air stream while creating the noise necessary for the formation of a consonant is
1) way of education
2) place of education
35. Consonants formed by the explosion of an obstacle with an air stream are
1) occlusive
2) sonorous
3) slotted
36. Consonants formed by rubbing an air jet against the walls of the passage created by the convergence of the organs of speech oral cavity, - This
1) occlusive
2) sonorous
3) fricatives
37. By active organ consonants are divided into three genders:
1) labial, lingual, lingual
2) stop, labial, lingual
3) cacuminal, apical, dorsal
38. Consonants articulated by bringing the anterior back of the tongue closer to the upper teeth and the anterior palate are
1) how cuminal
2) apical
3) dorsal
39. Consonants articulated by approaching or touching the tip of the tongue with the upper teeth and alveoli are
1) how cuminal
2) apical
3) dorsal
40. Consonants articulated by raising the tip of the tongue bent upwards are
1) how cuminal
2) apical
3) dorsal
41. Articulation of speech sounds, which consists in additional raising the back of the tongue to the hard palate, is
1) labialization
2) palatalization
3) velarization
42. Such pronunciation of a consonant, in which it is accompanied by a lip noise, is
1) labialization
2) palatalization
3) velarization
43. Articulation of speech sounds, which consists in the movement of the back wall of the tongue towards the soft palate, is
1) labialization
2) palatalization
3) velarization
44. Articulation of speech sounds, consisting in the lowering of the palatine curtain and the simultaneous exit of the air stream through the mouth and nose, is
1) labialization
2) nasalization
3) velarization
45. The unit of language, with the help of which morphemes and thus words are distinguished and identified, is
3) morphoneme
46. Phonemes perform the following functions:
1) semantic, morphological, syntactic
2) delimitative, perceptual, significative
47. The term "phoneme" was introduced into scientific use
1) I.A. Baudouin de Courtenay
2) A. Schleicher
3) W. von Humboldt
48. An individual, single representative of a phoneme in speech is
1) option
2) syntagma
49. Opposing phonemes to each other in phonological system language is
1) opposition
2) position
3) transcription
50. Isolation in speech of a certain unit in a series of homogeneous units using the intensity (energy) of sound is
1) intonation
2) phonation
3) accent
51. The selection of one of the syllables in a word and the subordination of all other unstressed syllables to it is
1) phrasal stress
2) logical stress
3) word stress
52. An accent that performs a phonetic and sematic-syntactic role, combining words into measures and phrases, is
1) phrasal stress
2) logical stress
3) word stress
53. The stress that emphasizes words and measures in the actual division of a sentence is
1) phrasal stress
2) logical stress
3) word stress
54. The type of stress, characterized by the unity of pitch, but a change in the strength and duration of the sound, is
1) polytonic stress
2) dynamic stress
3) monotonic stress
55. The type of stress, characterized by a change in pitch, its musicality, is
1) polytonic stress
2) dynamic stress
3) monotonic stress
56. The type of monotonic stress, in which the syllable is emphasized by the force of the air stream, is
1) polytonic stress
2) dynamic stress
3) quantitative stress
57. The type of monotonic stress, in which the syllable is distinguished by duration, is
1) polytonic stress
2) dynamic stress
3) quantitative stress
58. According to the place of stress in a word, they distinguish
59. According to the degree of fixation in the word, they distinguish
1) different and mobile stress
2) fixed and free stress
3) phrasal and logical stress
60. The totality of the sound means of a language, which, superimposed on a number of spoken and audible syllables and words, organize speech phonetically, dividing it according to meaning into phrases and significant segments - syntagmas; establish semantic relationships between the parts of the phrase; give the phrase, and sometimes significant segments, narrative, interrogative, imperative, and other meanings; express various emotions, - This
2) intonation
3) accent
61. The elements of intonation are
1) melody of speech, pauses, stress, rate of speech, timbre of voice
2) noise, loudness, velarization
3) beat, sound, phonetic word
62. In writing, intonation is usually expressed
1) punctuation marks, dividing the text into paragraphs, varying fonts
2) spelling
3) lexically
63. Functions of intonation:
1) integrating, segmenting, emotive, differentiating, communicative
2) semantic, morphological, syntactic
3) communicative, perceptual, cognitive, meta-linguistic
64. Loss of sound in a complex combination of sounds is
1) diarrhea
2) epenthesis
3) metathesis
65. A partial change in the articulation of adjacent sounds - vowels and consonants - is
1) assimilation
2) reduction
3) accommodation
66. Replacing one of two identical or similar (at the place of formation) sounds with another, less similar in articulation to the one that remained unchanged, is
1) assimilation
2) dissimilation
3) accommodation
67. The appearance of an additional sound in a word is
1) metathesis
2) epenthesis
3) prosthesis
68. The appearance in the absolute beginning of a word of a consonant sound (in other languages also a vowel), not etymologically justified, but caused by phonetic reasons, is
1) metathesis
2) epenthesis
3) prosthesis
69. Rearrangement of sounds or syllables in a word on the basis of assimilation or dissimilation is
1) metathesis
2) haplology
3) prosthesis
70. Loss in a word of one of two adjacent identical or close in meaning syllables is
1) metathesis
2) haplology
3) prosthesis
71. Unstressed words, adjacent to the next word, is
1) enclitics
2) interclitics
3) proclitics
72. Unstressed words adjacent to the previous word are
1) enclitics
2) interclitics
3) proclitics
73. Weakening and changing the sound quality of a vowel sound is
1) synharmonism
2) reduction
3) alliteration
74. Reduction is of two types:
1) qualitative and quantitative
2) complete and incomplete
3) normative and usual
75. The order of phonetic articulation of sounding speech:
1) phrase, speech tact, phonetic word, sound, syllable
2) phrase, phonetic word, speech tact, syllable, sound
3) phrase, speech tact, phonetic word, syllable, sound
76. A segment of speech that is relatively complete in terms of meaning and intonation is
2) speech tact
3) phonetic word
77. Parts of a sentence that are more or less complete in meaning are
2) speech tact
3) phonetic word
78. A segment of sounding speech, united by one verbal stress, is
2) speech tact
3) phonetic word
79. Various superscript, subscript, less often intralinear characters used in alphabetic types of writing to change or clarify the meaning of individual characters are
1) diacritics
2) descriptive signs
3) derivational signs
80. The superscript comma used in alphabetic writing in various functions is
1) apocrypha
2) assonance
3) apostrophe
81. The translation of one graphic system of the alphabet into another (that is, the transfer of letters of one script by letters of another) is
1) transcription
2) transliteration
3) transposition
82. Conditional transmission of the sound of a word with the help of specially adopted signs is
1) transcription
2) transliteration
3) transposition
83. The totality of the norms of the national language, ensuring the unity of its sound design, is
1) spelling
2) orthoepy
3) orthology
84. The totality of the features of the articulation of sounds in each particular language is
1) spelling
2) orthoepy
Subject: General linguistics
Section 1. History of linguistics
Topic 1. Introduction
1. The function of the language that influences the addressee is
J cognitive
Jcommunicative
R appellative
J metalinguistic
2. Learns the language from different angles
R linguistics
Jliterary criticism
J story
J logics
J psychology
J philosophy
3. Considers language as a means of expressing the content of a work
J linguistics
Rliterary criticism
J story
J logics
J psychology
J philosophy
4. Sees in the language forms of expression of units of thought
J linguistics
Jliterary criticism
J story
R logics
J psychology
J philosophy
5. Questions of generation and perception of speech studies
J linguistics
Jliterary criticism
J story
J logics
R psychology
J philosophy
6. Creates a common language research methodology
J linguistics
Jliterary criticism
J story
J logics
J psychology
R philosophy
7. In terms of structure, linguistics is divided into
8. From the point of view of specific languages, linguistics is divided into
Jphonetics, morphemics, lexicology, etc.
RRussian studies, German studies, novelistics, etc.
Jdialectology, stylistics, terminology, etc.
Jpsycholinguistics, typological linguistics, comparative studies, etc.
9. From the point of view of functioning and social variation, linguistics is divided into
Jphonetics, morphemics, lexicology, etc.
JRussian studies, German studies, novelistics, etc.
Rdialectology, stylistics, terminology, etc.
Jpsycholinguistics, typological linguistics, comparative studies, etc.
10. From the point of view of the methodology and methodology for describing the language, linguistics is divided into
Jphonetics, morphemics, lexicology, etc.
JRussian studies, German studies, novelistics, etc.
Jdialectology, stylistics, terminology, etc.
Rpsycholinguistics, typological linguistics, comparative studies, etc.
Topic 2. Linguistic teachings in ancient world
11. The creation of reference books on various branches of science is characteristic primarily for
J ancient india
J ancient China
12. Panini's grammar was created in
R ancient india
J ancient China
J ancient greece
13. The concept of a null morpheme appeared in
R ancient india
J ancient China
J ancient greece
J ancient rome
14. The theory of parts of speech originated in
J ancient india
J ancient China
R ancient greece
J ancient rome
15. The dialogue "Cratyl" was created in
J ancient india
J ancient China
R ancient greece
J ancient rome
16. Rhetoric as a science originated in
J ancient india
J ancient China
R ancient greece
J ancient rome
17. Grammar teaching originated in
J ancient india
J ancient China
R ancient greece
J ancient rome
Topic 3. Linguistic ideas of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance
18. The dispute between nominalists and realists in the Middle Ages contributed to the development of problems
Rlinguistic meaning
Jphonetic laws
Jtheory of parts of speech
J syntax
19. Arabic linguistics of the Middle Ages used the results
RIndian linguistic tradition
JChinese linguistic tradition
JJapanese linguistic tradition
JJewish linguistic tradition
20. For the first time in the history of the culture of modern times, the question of folk and literary languages was raised
J in France
J in Germany
R in Italy
J in Russia
Topic 4. LinguisticsXVII – XVIII centuries
JJ.-J. Rousseau and I. Herder
RA. Arno and K. Lanslo
JA.Arno and P.Nicole
JI. Herder and A. Arno
R I.Yu.Scaliger
J I. Herder
J M.V. Lomonosov
J G.W. Leibniz
23. A supporter of the phonetic principle of Russian spelling was
J M.V. Lomonosov
RV.K.Trediakovsky
J M.Smotrytsky
J A.Kh.Vostokov
24. Came up with the idea of creating a universal means of communication based on means that act as a function of natural language,
R F. Bacon
J R. Descartes
J G.W. Leibniz
J M.V. Lomonosov
25. Proposed the idea of creating a philosophical language based on a small number of elementary units
J F. Bacon
R R. Descartes
J G.W. Leibniz
J M.V. Lomonosov
26. Tried to understand the essence of human thinking through the study of language
J F. Bacon
J R. Descartes
R G.W. Leibniz
J M.V. Lomonosov
27. The impetus for the development of symbolic logic was given by the ideas
J F. Bacon
J R. Descartes
R G. W. Leibniz
J M.V. Lomonosov
28. The task of comparing all modern languages of the world among themselves, as well as with their earlier forms, was first put forward by
J F. Bacon
J R. Descartes
R G.W. Leibniz
J M.V. Lomonosov
29. The relationship between the Slavic languages, as well as between Russian, Latvian, Greek, Latin and German was first pointed out by
J F. Bacon
J R. Descartes
J G.W. Leibniz
R M.V. Lomonosov
30. For the first time, the relationship of Sanskrit with the Greek and Latin languages \u200b\u200bwas announced
J F. Bacon
J R. Descartes
J G.W. Leibniz
J M.V. Lomonosov
R W. Jones
Topic 5. LinguisticsXIX century
31. At the origins of comparative historical linguistics was not
J R.K.Rask
J A.Kh.Vostokov
J J.Grimm
R A. Schleicher
32. The idea that all European languages were based on four "mother languages" was proposed by
J F. Bacon
J R. Descartes
J G.W. Leibniz
J M.V. Lomonosov
R I. Scaliger
33. Divided all the languages of the world into Aramaic and Scythian groups
J F. Bacon
J R. Descartes
R G.W. Leibniz
J M.V. Lomonosov
34. Established that all Slavic languages \u200b\u200bcome from common Slavic,
J F. Bacon
J R. Descartes
J G.W. Leibniz
R M.V. Lomonosov
35. M.V. Lomonosov compared languages mainly on the material
Jnouns
J verbs
J pronouns
R numerals
J F. Bacon
J R. Descartes
J G.W. Leibniz
J W. Jones
R F. Schlegel
37. The term "Indo-Germanic languages" was introduced into scientific circulation
J F. Bacon
J R. Descartes
J G.W. Leibniz
J W. Jones
R F. Schlegel
R R.K.Rask
J F.Bopp
J J.Grimm
J A.Kh.Vostokov
J R.K.Rask
R F.Bopp
J J.Grimm
J A.Kh.Vostokov
J R.K.Rask
J F.Bopp
R J.Grimm
J A.Kh.Vostokov
J R.K.Rask
J F.Bopp
J J.Grimm
R A.Kh.Vostokov
42. The task of revealing the secret of the origin of inflection was set by
J R.K.Rask
R F.Bopp
J J.Grimm
J A.Kh.Vostokov
43. F. Bopp in his research focused on
J phonetics
J vocabulary
R morphology
J syntax
J R.K.Rask
R F.Bopp
J J.Grimm
J A.Kh.Vostokov
45. Three stages in the development of human language: creation, flourishing of inflection and striving for clarity singled out
J R.K.Rask
J F.Bopp
R J.Grimm
J A.Kh.Vostokov
46. The law of movement of consonants proposed
J R.K.Rask
J F.Bopp
R J.Grimm
J A.Kh.Vostokov
47. The founder of scientific etymology is considered
R A.F.Pott
J G. Curtius
J A. Kuhn
J A. Schleicher
48. The founder of linguistic paleontology and comparative mythology is
J A.F.Pott
J G. Curtius
R A. Kuhn
J A. Schleicher
Topic 6. Wilhelm von Humboldt - the founder of theoretical linguistics
49. The emergence of the concept of "internal form" is associated with the name
J F. Bopp
RW. von Humboldt
J F. de Saussure
J A. Schleicher
50. The desire of the human spirit to free itself from language is, according to W. von Humboldt, an antinomy
Rinseparable unity and inconsistency of language and thinking
J language and speech
Jspeech and understanding
Jcollective and individual in language
Topic 7. Naturalistic concept of language
51. The "family tree" theory was proposed
R A. Schleicher
J I. Schmidt
J A.F. Pottom
J G. Curtius
R A. Schleicher
J I. Schmidt
J A.F.Pott
J G. Curtius
Topic 8. Logical concept of language
53. In XIXcentury, the largest representative of the logical trend in Russian linguistics was
R F.I. Buslaev
J V.I.Dal
J N.A. Dobrolyubov
J I.I.Sreznevsky
Topic 9. Psychological concept language
54. The representative of the psychological direction in linguistics was
R A.A. Potebnya
J F.I. Buslaev
J A.A. Shakhmatov
J A.M. Peshkovsky
55. The psychological direction in linguistics included
JMoscow Linguistic School
RKharkov Linguistic School
JKazan Linguistic School
JPrague Linguistic School
Topic 10. Aesthetic concept of language
56. Focused on the study of language from its expressive function
J A. Schleicher
R K. Vossler
J G.Shuhardt
J R. Meringer
Topic 11
57. At the center of the teaching lies the concept of the grammatical form of
Jrepresentatives of the Kazan Linguistic School
Jrepresentatives of the Prague School of Linguistics
Rrepresentatives of the Moscow Linguistic School
Jrepresentatives of the Copenhagen School of Linguistics
58. Phoneme theory was developed in
JPetersburg Linguistic School
JKharkov Linguistic School
59. The founder of the Moscow Linguistic School was
R F.F.Fortunatov
JJ.A. Baudouin de Courtenay
J L.V. Shcherba
J A.M. Peshkovsky
60. Representatives of the Leipzig linguistic school belonged to
Rneo-grammatical direction in linguistics
Jpsychological direction in linguistics
Jstructural linguistics
Jlogical direction in linguistics
Topic 12. Linguistics of the endXIX- early 20th century
61. Phoneme theory was developed in
JMoscow Linguistic School
RKazan Linguistic School
JLeipzig Linguistic School
JLondon School of Linguistics
Topic 13. Linguistics of the twentieth century. Structuralism of Ferdinand de Saussure
62. The terms "figure, determination, constellation" are used in
Jfunctional linguistics
Jdescriptive linguistics
R glossematics
Jgenerative grammar
63. The founder of the Prague School of Linguistics is
J A.Martine
J A. Meie
R W.Mathesius
J N.S. Trubetskoy
64. Does not apply to structuralist
RMoscow School of Linguistics
JCopenhagen School of Linguistics
JPrague School of Linguistics
JAmerican linguistics
65. Franz Boas, Eduard Sapir, Leonard Bloomfield were the founders
Rdescriptive linguistics
Jpsycholinguistics
Jfunctional linguistics
Jsociolinguistics
66. Generative semantics is actively developed mainly
R in the USA
J in Russia
J in France
J in Germany
67. The main goal of revealing the internal relationships and dependencies of the components of the language was
Rstructural direction of linguistics
J psychological direction linguistics
Jlogical direction of linguistics
Jareal direction of linguistics
68. The basic principles of functional linguistics were formulated
J R.O. Jacobson
J N.S. Trubetskoy
J S.O. Kartsevsky
R V.Mathesius
Topic 14. Domestic linguistics in the 20-90s of the twentieth century
69. The founder of the Japhetic theory was
R N.Ya.Marr
J E.D. Polivanov
J I.I. Meshchaninov
J V.V. Vinogradov
Section 2. Theory of language
Topic 15. The nature and essence of language
70. The main function of the language is
Rcommunicative
J metalinguistic
J cognitive
J emotional
71. Influencing a person with the help of language is
Rcommunicative function of language
Jmetalinguistic function of language
Jcognitive function of language
Jemotional function of language
72. The hypothesis that language arose at a certain stage in the development of society in connection with the need for a communication process is called
J logoic
Jonomatopoeic
J interjet
R social
Topic 16. Significance of the language
73. The property of a linguistic sign is not
Junmotivated sound side in relation to real things
Jthe ability to enter into linear relationships with other signs
Jvariability in time when the conditions of its use change
Rdirect display of real things
74. According to the method of sign formation, signs are divided into
75. According to the completion / incompleteness of the process of generation, signs are divided into
Jsigns of primary meaning and signs of secondary meaning
Rsigns are complete and signs are incomplete
Jpotential signs and actual signs
Jcharacterizing signs, identifying signs, quantitative signs, deictic signs, connective signs and substitutive signs
76. According to correlation / non-correlation with the act of speech, signs are divided into
Jsigns of primary meaning and signs of secondary meaning
Jsigns are complete and signs are incomplete
Rpotential signs and actual signs
Jcharacterizing signs, identifying signs, quantitative signs, deictic signs, connective signs and substitutive signs
77. According to the totality of the main features, the signs are divided into
Jsigns of primary meaning and signs of secondary meaning
Jsigns are complete and signs are incomplete
Jpotential signs and actual signs
Rcharacterizing signs, identifying signs, quantitative signs, deictic signs, connective signs and substitutive signs
78. Proper names as linguistic signs are
Jcharacterizing
Ridentifying
Jquantitative
J deictic
J ligamentous
Jsubstitute
79. Numerals as linguistic signs are
Jcharacterizing
Jidentifying
Rquantitative
J deictic
J ligamentous
Jsubstitute
80. Personal pronouns as linguistic signs are
Jcharacterizing
Jidentifying
Jquantitative
R deictic
J ligamentous
Jsubstitute
81. Prepositions as linguistic signs are
Jcharacterizing
Jidentifying
Jquantitative
J deictic
R ligamentous
Jsubstitute
82. Unions as linguistic signs are
Jcharacterizing
Jidentifying
Jquantitative
J deictic
R ligamentous
Jsubstitute
83. Are part of the subject or phenomenon that people perceive and study
R signs-signs
J signal signs
J signs-symbols
Jsubstitute signs
84. Unmotivated sound, visual or other conventional signs conveying information are
J signs-signs
R signal signs
J signs-symbols
Jsubstitute signs
85. Visually motivated conventional signs conveying information are
J signs-signs
J signal signs
R signs-symbols
Jsubstitute signs
86. Secondary signs that replace not objects, but primary signs, are called
J signs-signs
J signal signs
J signs-symbols
Rsubstitute signs
Topic 17. Language as a system
87. Paradigmatic relations between language units are
88. Syntagmatic relations between language units are
Rthe ability of elements to combine with each other
Jrelations of structurally simpler language units with a more complex unit
Jrelations of choice, associations, they are based on the similarity and difference between the signifiers and the signified units of the language
Jthe ability of linguistic elements to replace each other
89. The language system consists of more particular systems, which are called
R levels
J structures
J segments
J components
90. The particular systems that make up a language are called
J structures
R levels
J segments
J components
91. Does not apply to the main levels of the language
J phonetic
J morphemic
J lexical
Rmorphonological
J syntactic
Topic 18. Language and speech
92. The concept of language and speech delineated
R F. de Saussure
J L.V. Shcherba
J F.F.Fortunatov
JJ.A. Baudouin de Courtenay
Topic 19. Language and society
93. The relationship between language and society is studied in
Rsociolinguistics
Jpsycholinguistics
Jareal linguistics
Jcontrastive linguistics
94. social change are directly reflected in
R vocabulary
J phonetics
J morphology
J syntax
95. The scope of language policy does not include
Jcreation of the alphabet
Jlanguage codification
Jspelling reform
Jpunctuation reform
Rterritorial stratification of language
Topic 20. Language and thinking
96. The relationship between language and thinking is studied in
Jsociolinguistics
Rpsycholinguistics
Jneurolinguistics
J psychosemantics
Topic 21. Phonetics
97. A sign of a phoneme is not
Jphoneme as an abstract unit of language is opposed to sound as a specific unit
Ja phoneme is a unit of the sound structure of a language that serves to identify and distinguish between meaningful units
Jallophones of one phoneme form the area of its realization
Rphoneme is a specific unit of speech flow
Topic 22. Lexicology
98. The main nominative unit of the language is
J phoneme
J morpheme
R word
J phrase
Topic 23. Word formation and grammar
99. Has a general categorical value of pronominality
R pronoun
J adverb
J modal word
Topic 24. Social and functional structure of languages
100. The highest form of the national language is
Jlanguage fiction
Rliterary language
J vernacular
J dialect
Topic 25. Classification of languages and methods of their research
101. Sanskrit is included in
RIndian group of the Indo-European family of languages
JIranian group of the Indo-European family of languages
JGreek group of the Indo-European family of languages
JGermanic group of the Indo-European family of languages
102. Sociological classification of languages is
J
J
J
R
103. Genealogical classification of languages is
Rthe study and grouping of the languages of the world based on the determination of family ties between them
Jestablishing the similarities and differences of languages on the grounds that reflect the most significant features of the linguistic structure
Jestablishing the type of languages by its structure
Jdetermining the type of languages according to the function they perform in society
104. Morphological classification of languages
Jdetermines the type of languages based on the function they perform in society
Jgroups the languages of the world based on the definition of family ties between them
Restablishes the similarities and differences of languages on the grounds that reflect the most significant features of the linguistic structure
Jsets the type of language depending on the degree of kinship
105. The Nostratic macrofamily does not unite
JKartvelian and Uralic languages
JDravidian and Altaic languages
JAfroasian and Indo-European languages
RIndo-European and Sino-Tibetan languages
106. Amorphous languages are languages
J
J
R
J
107. Inflectional languages are languages
Rwhich are characterized by inflection through inflection, which can be a means of expressing several grammatical meanings
Jin which grammatical meanings are expressed not by the forms of the words themselves, but by functional words with significant words, the order of significant words, the intonation of the sentence
Jwhich do not have affixes and in which grammatical meanings are expressed either by adjoining one word to another, or by means of function words
Jin which affixes are single-function
108. Analytic languages are languages
Jwhich are characterized by inflection through inflection, which can be a means of expressing several grammatical meanings
Jwhich do not have affixes and in which grammatical meanings are expressed either by adjoining one word to another, or by means of function words
Rin which grammatical meanings are expressed not by the forms of the words themselves, but by functional words with significant words, the order of significant words, the intonation of the sentence
Jwhich are characterized by inflection through the forms of the word itself
109. Polysynthetic languages are the same as
Janalytical languages
Jinflectional languages
Rincorporating languages
Jamorphous languages
110. Incorporating languages are the same as
Rpolysynthetic languages
Janalytical languages
Jinflectional languages
Jagglutinative languages
111. Slavic languages members of the Indo-European family do not form a subgroup
Rnorthern
Jsouthern
Jwestern
Jeastern
112. French refers to
JGermanic branch of the Indo-European family
RRomance branch of the Indo-European family
JSlavic branch of the Indo-European family
JIranian branch of the Indo-European family
Topic 26. Letter
113. Transmits the sound image of the word
Rphonographic writing
Jideographic script
Jpictographic letter
Jcuneiform writing
Section 3. Methodology
Topic 27. Methods of language research
114. The technique of internal reconstruction is part of
Jtypological method
Rcomparative historical method
Jareal method
115. Studying the geographical distribution of certain linguistic phenomena
Rareal linguistics
Jcomparative studies
Jtypological linguistics
Jcomparative linguistics
I option
1. The study of general problems related to the structure and functioning of any language in society is
A) linguistics
B) private linguistics
C) philology
D) general linguistics
2. The cognitive function of language is the ability
B) express the internal state of the speaker
C) serve as a means of communication
3. Relations that connect language units of the same level in the system are called
A) linguistic
B) paradigmatic
C) stylistic
D) syntagmatic
4. The elementary minimum part of the value, its component is
D) archisema
5. Non-limiting (non-discrete) language units include
C) quasi-morphemes
D) free phrases
6. The grammar of Panini expounds
A) Sanskrit grammar system
B) Sanskrit lexical system
C) Sanskrit phonetic system
D) stylistic features of Sanskrit
7. The first centers of Arabic linguistics arose in Basra and Kufa in
B) VII - VIII centuries.
8. Paradigmatics is
9. At the origins of Russian psycholinguistics were
A) I. A. Baudouin de Courtenay, S. Kartsevsky
B) V. V. Vinogradov, L. V. Shcherba
C) F. F. Fortunatov, F. I. Buslaev
D) L. S. Vygotsky, A. M. Leontiev
10. Language signs represent the following type of semiotic units
A) copies or images
B) signs or symptoms
C) signs-symbols
D) proper signs
11. He represented the complex essence of the language in a number of antinomies (dialectical contradictions)
A) W. von Humboldt
D) G. Steinthal
12. Representatives of the behavioral trend in psychology
C) have nothing to do with the development of psycholinguistics
13. The "General Rational Grammar" developed by the learned monks of "Por - Royale" was based on
B) philosophy
C) psychology
D) natural science
14. National bilingualism is typical for such a language situation when
A) citizens of the country use colloquial and literary language
B) citizens of the country know their native dialect and national language
C) people live in the country of different nationalities
D) the country has two official languages
15. The merit of neogrammarists is
A) their discovery of the language law
D) empiricism and inductivism
16. Among the founders of the sociological trend in linguistics were
B) A. Meie, L. Bloomfield, A. Bergson
C) F. de Saussure, W. von Humboldt, L. Hjelmslev
17. The thesis "Language, considered in itself and for itself, is the only and true object of linguistics" belongs to the famous linguist
A) S. Bally
C) F. de Saussure
D) J. Vandries
18. The theory of psychological communication was put forward by
A) A. Kh. Vostokov
B) A. A. Shakhmatov
C) A. A. Potebnya
D) F. I. Buslaev
19. Moscow Linguistic School is a representative
A) logical direction in linguistics
B) formal direction in linguistics
C) psychological direction in linguistics
D) sociological direction in linguistics
20. Linguodidactics is
II option
1. Diachronic universals are
A) grammatical universals presented in ancient languages
B) general trends in the development of various languages
C) the history of the formation and development of one of the syntactic categories
D) semantic universals that have lost their meaning
2. Understanding the phoneme as minimum unit psychophonetics associated with the name
A) Baudouin de Courtenay
B) E. D. Polivanova
C) N. V. Krushevsky
D) V. A. Bogoroditsky
3. What is the essence of N. Chomsky's concept?
A) The transition of language from the subject form to the form of activity
B) Supra-individualization of speech activity
C) The notion of the universality of the innate rules of language operation
D) Speech activity as one of the types human activity
4. A pidgin results from
B) the disappearance of a language to replace it
D) mass interethnic contacts
5. "New Doctrine of Language" developed
A) V. V. Vinogradov
B) I. And Meshchaninov
C) N. Y. Marr
D) L. V. Shcherba
A) modality, time, face
B) time, face
C) modality, face
D) modality, time
7. Linguodidactics is
A) a pedagogical discipline dealing with the development of a child's speech
b) scientific discipline dealing with the description of the language system and its units for educational purposes
C) a linguistic discipline dealing with the development of language ability
D) discipline that develops problems higher education
8. The emergence of nationalities is associated with
A) the development of the productive forces of society
B) replacing former tribal ties with territorial ties
C) the emergence of private property and the collapse of primitive communal relations
D) the development of the productive forces of society, the emergence of private property, the collapse of primitive communal relations and the replacement of former tribal ties with territorial ties
9. The division of mankind into races is completely connected with the division of the population
A) territorial
B) ethnic
C) social
D) religious
10. Relations that connect language units of the same level in the system are called
A) linguistic
B) paradigmatic
C) stylistic
A) A Leontiev
B) J. Miller
C) L. V. Shcherba
D) L. S. Vygotsky
12. Non-limiting (non-discrete) language units include
C) quasi-morphemes
D) free phrases
13. Moscow Linguistic School presents
14. The elementary, minimal part of the value, its component is
D) archisema
15. The activities of the Prague Linguistic Circle are connected with
A) descriptive linguistics
B) glossematics
C) sociolinguistics
D) functional linguistics
16. The theory of psycholinguistic communication was put forward by
A) A. Kh. Vostokov
B) A. A. Potebnya
C) A. A. Shakhmatov
D) F. I. Buslaev
17. Languages used for international communication, - This
A) Afrikaans, Swahili
B) English, Russian
C) Lithuanian, Armenian
D) Chinese, Mongolian
18. He represented the complex essence of the language in a number of antinomies (dialectical contradictions)
A) W. von Humboldt
D) G. Steinthal
19. The cognitive function of language is the ability
A) express the internal state of the speaker
B) serve as a means of communication
C) influence the addressee of the speech
D) serve as a means of cognition of the surrounding world, express the activity of consciousness
20. The study of general problems related to the structure and functioning of any language in society is engaged in
A) linguistics
B) private linguistics
C) general linguistics
D) philology
III option
1. The merit of neogrammarists is
B) individualism and psychologism
C) atomism, emphasized historicism
D) empiricism and inductivism
2. The doctrine of language as a category of living organisms belongs
A) G. Steinthal
B) A. Schleicher
C) W. von Humboldt
D) G Curtius
3. The origin of any language must be considered with
A) the culture of a native speaker of a given language
B) the mentality of the people themselves
C) socio-economic development of the people
D) the history of the people themselves - the native speaker of this language
4. Most domestic researchers of synchrony and diachrony proceeded from the thesis
A) synchrony and dachrony are in sharp opposition to each other and therefore retain their specificity
B) synchrony and diachrony, constantly interacting, lose their specificity
C) synchrony and diachrony constantly interact, retaining their specificity
D) the opposition of synchronic and diachronic points of view is completely absolute and uncompromising
5. Among the founders of the sociological attack were
A) F. de Saussure, A. Meillet, J. Vandries, E. Benveniste
B) R. Rask, F. Bopp, W. von Humboldt
C) G. Steinthal, A. Schleicher
D) A. A. Shakhmatov, F. F. Fortunatov
6. The study of general problems related to the structure and functioning of any language in society, with the functions of the language, is engaged
A) linguistics
B) private linguistics
C) philology
D) general linguistics
7. Foreign psycholinguistics arose in
A) early 20th century
B) 70s of the XX century
C) 50s of XX century
D) late XIX century
8. Consciousness is
A) manifestation of language ability
B) the highest form of mental reflection of reality
C) one of the sides of the relationship between language and thinking
D) self-realization of a linguistic personality
9. What is the essence of thinking?
A) Thinking is the essence of the human brain
B) The quality of any natural language
C) The system of expressing the meaning of words
D) Property artificial language
10. The elementary, minimal part of the value, its component is
D) archisema
11. Understanding the phoneme as the minimum unit of psychophonetics is associated with the name
A) N. V. Krushevsky
B) V. A. Bogoroditsky
C) E. D. Polivanova
D) Baudouin de Courtenay
12. A pidgin results from
A) conscious human activity
B) mass interethnic contacts
C) constant contact of two languages
D) the disappearance of a language to replace it
13. The division of mankind into races is connected with the division of the population
A) ethnic
B) territorial
C) religious
D) social
A) time, face
B) modality, face
C) modality, time, face
D) modality, time
15. Non-limiting (non-discrete) language units include
C) quasi-morphemes
D) free phrases
16. Moscow Linguistic School presents
A) logical direction in linguistics
B) formal direction in linguistics
C) psychological direction in linguistics
D) sociological direction in linguistics
17. The founder of American structuralism (descriptive linguistics) is
B) E. Sapir
C) L. Bloomfield
D) G. Gleason
18. Relations that connect language units of the same level in the system are called
A) linguistic
B) paradigmatic
C) stylistic
D) syntagmatic
19. Semantic classifiers (keys) indicated
A) what vowels make up the word
B) how many syllables are in the word
C) to which semantic sphere, area of reality does given word
D) what consonants are included in the word
20. W. von Humboldt interpreted language as
A) a set of cultural, figurative and verbal signs
B) sign system
IV option
1. Analogy is
A) grammatical changes in the language
B) establishing an associative relationship between language units
C) assimilation of some elements of the language to other elements of the same level, more common and productive, or convergence of such elements
D) changing the semantics of the word according to the metaphorical type
2. The founder of Copenhagen structuralism (glossematics) is
A) H. I. Uldall
B) K. Togeby
C) K. Werner
D) L. Elmslev
2. The doctrine of the morphological structure of the word was developed in the works of a representative of the Kazan Linguistic School
A) V. A. Bogoroditsky
B) N. V. Krushevsky
C) J. A. Baudouin de Courtenay
D) A. I. Alexandrova
4. The first centers of Arabic linguistics arose in Basra and Kufa in
A) VII - VIII centuries.
5. The theory of psychological communication was put forward by
A) A. A. Shakhmatov
B) A. Kh. Vostokov
C) A. A. Potebnya
D) F. I. Buslaev
6. The communicative function of language is the ability
A) serve as a means of cognition of the surrounding world, express the activity of consciousness
B) serve as a means of communication
C) express the internal state of the speaker
D) influence the addressee of the speech
7. The study of general problems related to the structure and functioning of any language in society is engaged in
A) linguistics
B) private linguistics
C) philology
D) general linguistics
8. Moscow Linguistic School presents
A) logical direction in linguistics
B) formal direction in linguistics
C) psychological direction in linguistics
D) sociological direction in linguistics
9. The relations that connect language units of the same level in the system are called
A) paradigmatic
B) linguistic
C) syntagmatic
D) stylistic
10. The thesis "Language, considered in itself and for itself, is the only and true object of linguistics" belongs to
A) S. Bally
C) J. Vandries
D) F. de Saussure
11. The elementary minimum part of a value, its component is
D) archisema
12. W. von Humboldt interpreted language as
A) sign system
B) a set of cultural, figurative, verbal signs
C) semiotic system of verbal and non-verbal signs
D) an exponent of the spirit and character of the people
13. Non-limiting (non-discrete) language units include
C) quasi-morphemes
D) free phrases
14. Representatives of the behavioral trend in psychology
A) are major critics of psycholinguistic theories
B) made a great contribution to the development of psycholinguistics
C) have nothing to do with psycholinguistics
D) deny the very possibility of the existence of psycholinguistics
15. Historical and cultural area is
A) same as language union
B) the union of several language unions
C) the unification of peoples and their languages on the basis of common cultural and historical traditions, the nature of writing, the cultural layer of vocabulary, etc.
D) association of peoples on the basis of ethnic kinship
16. The merit of neogrammarists is
A) their discovery of the sound law
B) individualism and psychologism
C) atomism and emphasized historicism
D) empiricism and inductivism
17. Among the founders of the sociological trend in linguistics were
A) A. Meie, L. Bloomfield, L. Hjelmslev
B) F. de Saussure, W. von Humboldt, A. Bergson
C) F. de Saussure, A. Meillet, J. Vandries, E. Benveniste
D) J. Vandries, A. A. Shakhmatov
18. The primary types of speech activity include
A) speaking and reading
B) reading, writing
C) writing and listening
D) speaking and listening
19. Linguistic signs represent the following type of semiotic units
A) copies or images
B) signs or symptoms
C) signs-symbols
D) proper signs
20. Pragmatics is
A) a special area that studies the appropriateness of using certain speech structures
B) a section of linguistics that studies the functioning of language signs in speech
C) a direction that studies the ways of applying the achievements of sociolinguistics in practice
D) a discipline that studies the rules of behavior of an individual in society
Correct answers are marked with "+"
1. Tatar language refers to
a) Indo-European
B) Turkic
c) Altaic languages.
2. Agglutinative languages are characterized by
a) polysemy of affixes,
b) the absence of suffixes,
C) the unambiguity of affixes.
3. Phraseologism reach the handle- This
a) fusion
B) unity
c) combination.
4. Word zashkvar- This
A) jargon
b) professionalism,
c) dialectism.
5. Japanese language uses
a) syllable
b) hieroglyphic,
C) syllabic and hieroglyphic writing.
6. Does not apply to the way of expressing grammatical meaning
A) reduction
b) suppletivism,
c) reduplication.
Test.7. Interfix is for
a) connections between the prefix and the root,
B) joining two roots,
c) suffix and ending compounds.
8. Meaning of the word plate ‘aircraft aliens’ formed by
A) metaphorical transfer,
b) metonymic transfer
c) or is direct.
9. Select a row with languages of the Indo-European family only:
a) Greek, Armenian, Basque,
B) Greek, Latin, Sanskrit,
c) Latin, Aramaic, Gothic.
10. One of the theories of the origin of the language is called
A) the theory of labor cries,
b) the theory of joint activity,
c) the theory of ritual singing.
11. The unit of grammar is not
a) a morpheme
b) a phrase
C) phoneme.
12. Marxist theory the origin of the language is associated with the name
a) Marx
B) Engels
c) Lenin.
13. Concept language family characteristic of
A) genetic
b) typological,
c) linguistic and geographical classification of languages.
14. The concept of language as sign system laid down
a) Wilhelm Grimm
B) Ferdinand de Saussure,
c) Mikhail Lomonosov.
15. The hypothesis of linguistic relativity suggests dependence
a) language from geographical location,
B) thinking from language,
c) language from thinking.
16. The emergence of comparative historical linguistics was influenced by the study
A) Sanskrit
b) Chinese characters,
c) the languages of the peoples of Polynesia.
a) text
B) an offer
c) a phrase.
18. Problems state languages is engaged
a) ethnolinguistics,
b) psycholinguistics,
C) sociolinguistics.
19 - Test. euphemism is
a) territorially limited vocabulary,
B) a neutral word that replaces a rude or inappropriate one,
c) the antonym of anachronism.
20. Dead languages include all languages in the series
a) Hebrew, Greek, Latin,
b) Sanskrit, Farsi, Hindi,
C) Latin, Gothic, Old Church Slavonic.
21. The main ways of expressing grammatical meaning for analytical languages:
A) word order in a sentence, function words,
b) word order in a sentence, affixation,
c) affixation, suppletivism.
22. English language belongs to the
a) synthetic
B) analytical,
c) polysynthetic languages.
23. In which row are the representatives of structuralism named?
A) Willem Mathesius, Roman Jacobson,
b) Edward Sapir, Benjamin Lee Whorf,
c) Nikolai Trubetskoy, Alexander Potebnya.
24. Does not apply to the ways in which homonyms appear
a) the collapse of polysemy,
b) a coincidence as a result of borrowing a word,
C) conscious replacement of borrowing with the original word.
25. Transliteration is the exact ratio
a) between the sounds of two languages,
a) between the sounds of one language and the letters of another,
B) between the signs of writing of two languages.
Test - 26. Diacritical marks in writing are
a) signs clarifying or changing the meaning of other signs, +
b) a synonym for punctuation marks,
c) only accent marks.
27. Not related to obsolete vocabulary
a) archaic
B) neologisms,
c) historicism.
28. Phraseologism - unit
A) vocabulary
b) morphology,
c) syntax.
29. Polysemy is
a) polyphony
b) complexity,
B) ambiguity.
30. Not a recognized language family
a) Turkish
B) Nostratic
c) Semitic-Hamitic.