The material presented here sometimes contradicts itself. I deliberately do not remove these contradictions - let everyone try to find for himself what he likes and awakens technical thought.
In a nutshell, here is the real design of the flying saucer engine. Perhaps not quite Schauberger. It's interesting though, sometimes some ideas pop up. Different people, in different places, different times, but similar thoughts come. Either people are the same, or the laws of nature. Would you believe that I have never read or even heard about the works of Schauberger before (I mean his engine that runs on the energy of the environment, and besides, it has levitating properties)? But when by chance (thanks to the Internet) I came across a description of his designs, I was simply amazed how much what I have been thinking about for a long time is similar to his ideas. Externally, the Schauberger engine looks like this:
Its internal structure is as follows (turned upside down in relation to the photographs):
So that you understand that I do not cling to someone else's glory, I will try to explain its device in the simplest language, because nowhere is it really described how it works, despite its seemingly rather extensive representation on the Internet. In some places, the opinion slips that this engine is generally a hoax and cannot work at all. But I think it's not. I'll try to explain. Undoubtedly, the main part of the engine is this strange at first glance wheel (in the figure above it is marked on the left with an incomprehensible inscription, obviously "turbine").
Despite the apparent complexity of the main part, it can be easily manufactured. A similarity scan of such a turbine is shown below and can presumably be cut out of a metal plate 250x500 mm 1-2 mm thick and bent accordingly. The alignment of the turbine will occur automatically during rotation (it is proposed to attach the turbine to the axis of the motor-generator using 3 radial springs at 120 degrees - the turbine will "self" find its center of rotation).
The turbine itself will look like a jester's crown. It is the "jester" and not the "king" - I apologize for such a non-normative term-comparison. But in my opinion, this is the most convenient way to explain that the turbine has helical blades, radially curved from the center to the periphery.
At first glance - some kind of devilry of 24 corkscrews rotating around the circumference for opening bottles. Why is this needed? Here I link to my own site for a chapter on the origin of tornadoes. Schauberger, in this design of his, created ideal conditions for the formation of a group of mini-tornadoes and the central tornado itself, which is the driving force of this design. Air at the first stage with the help of such a wheel is twisted around the axis of the electric motor. But the same air, when thrown to the periphery due to centrifugal force, passes through the corkscrews of the wheel and receives rotation along the axis of each of the 24 corkscrews. Air swirls around 2 axes of rotation at the same time. A rotation simultaneously around 2 axes this is such an amazing thing! Try to pick up a high-speed electric motor with a handwheel on the axis and rotate it around the axis of your own hand. Very interesting sensations. When turning the motor, forces are felt that act in completely different directions than you expect.
So this wheel forms 24 mini-tornadoes, which, bending around the inner surface of the upper part of the engine (looks like a copper basin in the photo below), along a very interesting trajectory (still turn the motor!) Break out onto the inner cone of the engine and move further to the outlet.
It is better to observe the process further in transverse section to understand what a tornado looks like when viewed from above. The first cut just below the "copper basin" is this cross section of a tornado. The other 2 are closer to the outlet. It was inconvenient to draw 24 balls, so I leave only 9, the principle is still the same. Moreover, this drawing somehow strangely echoes the drawing on wheat fields in England. Further, everywhere to the place and out of place, I will try to draw these wild analogies. Moreover, I saw photographs of the drawings in the margins much later than I completed all of the above. Isn't it strange: this cartoon below and the drawing on the wheat field were created absolutely independently of each other? However, even the number of minivortices coincided. 
So 24(9) balls, twisted from small whirlwinds, roll inside along the wall of the circle. The walls of each ball in relation to the neighbors rotate in opposite directions. I will consider these balls as a dual medium: it seems to be a ball, since it rolls like a part of a ball bearing and the laws of mechanics apply to it, but at the same time it is air, which is subject to the laws of hydrodynamics. These balls, in any collision of a neighbor with a neighbor, have the intention to "run into" each other and thus move to the center of the structure, all at the same time (try to see this in the cartoon on the left), and at the same time, the opposite movement of the walls of the neighboring balls is according to Bernoulli's law is a rarefied medium, it turns out the balls are "attracted" to each other. As a result, all this mass of rotating air is drawn to the center, accelerates significantly (because the diameter of the structure decreases), moves lower and finally flies out through the nozzle from the bottom of the structure. The wheel with corkscrews, as it rotates, constantly feeds these mini-vortex-bearings and draws air from outside into it. Schauberger claims that this process becomes self-sustaining. Indeed, a natural tornado can exist for a long time and its very existence is obviously supported only by the presence of a pressure difference between the external environment and the inner cone of the tornado. And inside the engine, just in the center, a vacuum zone is formed. Means ambient air should strive there, getting on the turbine blades with "corkscrews" and being involved in a complex trajectory of rotation, which could be called a "self-turning donut". That's how it seems to me the basic principles of this engine. In my opinion, such a process can really be called some kind of opposite to a conventional explosion ( explosion), since the substance does not scatter to the sides, but vice versa strive to converge to one point(to the base of the vortex). Schauberger called this process implosion.
I drew these 3 frames with spinning balls-rollers and again a strange thought came to mind. On television again there was a story about the next appearance of unusual circles in the wheat fields of England (and not only there). But if I didn’t have an animator to illustrate my ideas, I would try to describe the contraction of the vortex to a point in the first graphics editor I came across with something like this drawing. In my opinion, this drawing on a wheat field is an unambiguous illustration of the processes taking place in a tornado and calls for the following main conclusion: the rotating minivortexes that make up a tornado are attracted to each other and tend to the main center of rotation. And here minivortices are drawn. Pay attention - next to each main circle, several additional circles are carefully drawn, directly indicating that several mini-processes are depicted here, moving in a spiral towards the center. More precisely, there are 6 of them and they work exactly as shown in my cartoon a little higher. It is absolutely certain that a volumetric process is drawn here on a plane (a whirlwind - a tornado - a tornado). Who drew it and why - separate big question. Even during the day, creating several such geometrically accurate circles is a big problem. And draw about 400 at night? It is unlikely that just a crazy person could do this. Maybe this can be understood as a kind of drawing-hint?
Let's go back to Schauberger. Witnesses to the operation of the Schauberger engine claimed that only air and water served as fuel. Maybe they were a little wrong. Most likely it was air and obviously alcohol (by the way, it looks like water). The engine in the process of operation should literally devour the surrounding air and then it's time to put fuel on it and set it on fire, further contributing to the process of vortex formation. With a large amount of oxygen, the flame of alcohol is almost invisible. So the result was a "flameless and smokeless engine" as described in some publications.
Approximately the same type of construction I came to in my conclusions and propose something remotely reminiscent of Schauberger's "windmill", the work is generally based on the same principles. I was inspired by the funnel of water pouring out of the bathroom and what happens inside the structures below follows the same laws.
The difference from the Schauberger mechanism is the absence of an external cone, along which the vortex is pulled to the center and ejected through the nozzle, as well as a simpler design of the wheel for forming a vortex (in fact, this is a conventional centrifugal pump). My simplification of Schauberger's design (the cartoon on the left) is due to the simple idea that a natural tornado does not need all such tricks (although the "corkscrew" wheel that he invented causes nothing but admiration - it spins the air flow along 2 perpendicular axes of rotation in the simplest and most effective way !). My task is to spin the flow into a small tornado as simply as possible and preferably with the complete absence of mechanical parts. This can be achieved by using not the impeller of a centrifugal pump for spinning, but by applying something similar to the MHD engine described on the Electric motor page. The design is completely devoid of moving parts (with the exception of the vortex itself). It turned out something like the one shown on the right cartoon. in yellow- an attempt to depict burning fuel (possibly kerosene?). Moreover, for an MHD engine, there must be conductive kerosene (possibly salted?). Then they suggested to me that there should be a sodium additive. Roughly speaking, this is an attempt to reproduce a formidable natural phenomenon in a tin can. And even more precisely the process, the essence of which is clear from the bottom cartoon.
"Tornado in a glass" "Just a tornado"
For the first time, Einstein saw the left drawing in an ordinary glass with tea and floating tea leaves (let's call it Einstein's glass). Take a closer look: the central ascending part is the "tornado's trunk" (only in the left figure it raises tea leaves, and on the right there are houses and cars). It is strange that Einstein himself did not draw such conclusions. And Schauberger seems to have done it. Almost all the designs that are offered on this site are based on the process that takes place in this cup.
So to speak - some points for the main engine of a flying saucer. True, only for the atmosphere. And the questions of horizontal flight have not yet been considered. Can you imagine how useful a device with such an engine would be for, say, the Ministry of Emergency Situations? Remember the fire at the Ostankino television tower and the complete helplessness of a helicopter flying around? And by the way, photographs of some UFOs, even by their very appearance, make one think that they have a central engine operating on the principles of the tin can described above, and such a machine would be much more useful than an ordinary helicopter. Simply irreplaceable. Torque is compensated by the presence of several engines on the same platform. Approximately as in bottom photo. In my opinion, there are 3 inverted Schauberger engines (such as Repulsine B) working for one central nozzle. And it’s probably more correct to place Repulsin like this:
In the photo UFO Adamsky relies on 3 (or 4?) engines similar to Repulsine B. These engines are attached to the bottom of the "hat" and generate 3 or 4 tornadoes on which the whole structure "dangles". One large and three smaller.
Let us return again to the Schauberger engine as an energy generator. The processes occurring in the Einstein glass are undoubtedly the basis of the engine. Let's try to achieve a stable passage of the process. To do this, spin the water in the tank using a disk on the axis of the electric motor motor. Water after spinning will move along a complex trajectory. 
(fluid movement is described on the site www.evert.de, a computer drawing from this site is given). Very interesting conclusions can be drawn from this figure. The linear speed of water movement along this ornate path is constant and is determined by the linear speed movement of the edges of the disc. The liquid dispersed by the disk spirals down and is further pushed towards the center. At this moment there is an increase in the angular velocity of water rotation. (A vivid analogue of such an increase in the speed of rotation is the rotation of a thread with a load when winding this thread around a finger). The fluid rises with an increased angular velocity and rests against the central part of the disk. Here is the most interesting. The speed of rotation of water in the central region is higher than the speed of rotation of the disk! The water "pushes" the disk in the direction of rotation. The rotating stream supports itself! Almost like a perpetual motion machine. But as always, friction forces interfere. And the process is quite stable and low-damping. By the way, a little distracted: if you spin water in an ordinary bucket, even without the help of a disk, the water will still rotate according to the same laws and the water will rotate for quite a long time, because here there is self-support of water rotation - just no one ever pays attention to it (it is enough to tightly close the lid of the bucket filled exactly to the brim - the rotation will stop pretty quickly). What do I want to say? Only one thing - a vortex is very easy to obtain when spinning a liquid or gas under unequal conditions of rotation from above and below, and this is an almost ready-made self-supporting system. You need quite a bit of energy and the process will be undamped. Furthermore: the vortex absorbs energy in the form of heat from the environment! Now I will try to explain. Consider a simplified diagram of the Schauberger engine. If we ignore everything secondary, then the design fits into the following simple scheme, which in fact is nothing more than a continuation of the idea glass Einstein a. 
Inside at the top - a rotating disk (red). Below is a small vertically standing plate. This achieves uneven conditions during rotation for the lower and upper layers of water (air?). On the left is a heat exchanger (more on that later). Above - a motor-generator, at first it works as a process starter, after entering the tornado mode - to extract energy. The valve on the heat exchanger is a process switch. The arrow on the left is the working body of the device heated by the environment.
What happens during the operation of this device? Everything is simple. Centrifugal forces create increased pressure at the walls of the vessel. And a vacuum in the central part. Due to the higher angular velocity of rotation of the upper layers of water (air) in comparison with the lower ones, a meridional flow is created, descending along the walls of the vessel. And rising in the central part (in nature, this is nothing more than a "tornado trunk"). Liquid (gas), moving along its sophisticated trajectory, then gets into the area of compression, then into the area of rarefaction. Let's remember the simplest law of physics - the Boyle-Mariotte law. If we take a certain mass of gas, then with forced compression, the gas heats up. And when rarefied, it cools. It is in the central part of the device that the water-air mixture enters the region of forced rarefaction by centrifugal forces. In this case, for a finite mass of gas, decrease in temperature and increase in volume. This increase in volume gives an increase in the kinetic movement of the flow from bottom to top along the central axis of the device. This recharged jet with new energy enters the turbine disk, causing it to spin faster and produce an even more intense whirlwind. which creates an even higher vacuum, and so on and so forth. The cooled moist air is expelled by centrifugal force into the heat exchanger tube. Ideally, the temperature of the heat exchanger is near absolute zero. The environment surrounding the heat exchanger, which is normal from our point of view, is an "environment with excess energy". The heat exchanger is heated by it and the thermal energy enters the inside of the device, eventually converting into the rotation of a "self-turning donut" from moist air inside the device.
I want to make a small note about the Ranque effect (temperature separation of a gas jet in the so-called "Ranque tubes"). No one really explains this effect. And in my opinion, everything is simple. There is the Boyle-Mariotte law (the product of pressure and volume at a constant temperature is a constant value) and everything happens according to this law. The gas circulating in the meridional direction in our device alternately experiences either compression or rarefaction. It heats up, then cools down in relation to the "normal" temperature. That's the whole effect of temperature separation. By the way, no one tried to inject water there? Should be a very interesting effect. Something like passing the "dew point" with a sharp cooling.
By the way, we can draw an interesting conclusion: but in this device it is also oscillatory process! And oscillations have a resonance - a sharp increase in amplitude with a minimum input of energy! Can you imagine how it is possible to stabilize the effect when finding here the dependencies between the amplitude of oscillations and all the influencing parameters? temperature resonance! It sounds good. And it can find excellent application in refrigeration machines.
It is my deep conviction that Schauberger was great person and undeservedly unknown. It seems to me that he still managed to build a generator that extracts energy, it seems, from " NOTHING". More precisely, directly from the environment. Even if this is done very inefficiently, the freeness of this energy should outweigh all the arguments against it. What is still surprising? On the Internet, you can find quite a lot of information about the works of Schauberger. But, apparently, so far there is no technological revolution in energy production.It seems that there are photographs and drawings of structures.However, all the descriptions of the operation of the engine that I have met so far are so unintelligibly monotonous (and from my point of view are absolutely incorrect) that it becomes immediately clear - nothing working is simple No. I do not pretend to be the ultimate truth. Everything that is described on my website is a chain of continuous contradictions and inaccuracies. Only I am convinced that the engine is a generator with amazing properties that generates, or rather concentrates, energy from the energy of the environment is quite possible and can be manufactured right now.The socio-economic consequences of such an invention, of course, oh, will have no conceivable boundaries. This is a complete solution to energy problems and a change in the concept of vehicles.
Based on the foregoing, it remains only to draw a specific design. Well then. As a hypothetical, "virtual" engine, I propose the following "pan":
Vortex motor-generator
This device can perform the following functions:
1. Energy generator. Rather, a concentrator of energy from the environment. Do not turn your tongue to say "perpetual motion machine of the 2nd kind."
2. Heat engine - the possibilities for cooling and conditioning are especially great. By the way, the working fluid here is not necessarily water-air. It is possible air and freon.
3. Gravitational mechanism. That's a pretty cheeky statement, but I'll try to explain. And in 2 ways. 
3.1. The effect of weight loss of rapidly rotating masses is known. Why does it depend? Let's go back to Fig. Everta. It is clear that with such rotation of air, incredible speeds can be achieved (due to a small mass of air). The device is not in danger of destruction, unlike, for example, a metal flywheel. By and large, despite the complexity of the trajectory, each point of this trajectory moves tangentially to the surface of the earth. And it is quite possible to achieve a linear speed of 8 km/sec on this trajectory. An artificial satellite with an orbit of 1 meter? Will there be levitation? Hm...
3.2. Once upon a time, I got into the hands of the TM magazine with an article on gravitational mechanisms (inertioids). It described about 10 types of mechanisms and immediately explained. why they can not fully work, that is, fly. True, at the end of the article it was stated that there was still no final verdict on the operation of such devices and the question was open. Therefore, I suggest number 11. At one time, I was very interested in the rotation of a simple flywheel on the axis of an electric motor. I had the motor in my hands. Its power was 70 watts., 7000 rpm at U = 24v, the flywheel was an aluminum disk with a diameter of 10 cm, weighing 200 grams. I explain in detail. so that those who wish can try it for themselves. Unless, of course, it is interesting. When the handwheel is rotated, there is a complete feeling that you are already holding a working inertioid in your hands! It is enough to rotate the design around the hand - and a complete illusion of incomprehensible thrust in a very specific direction. Such an interesting effect is given by rotation around 2 axes simultaneously (the axis of the motor and the axis of the hand). Then an idea appeared which now, in a strange way, intersected with the essence of the Schauberger engine. Previously, it seemed to me frank nonsense, though quite interesting. I'll probably draw a little later.
And now a small conclusion to what is stated on this page. Some general basic principles can be formulated for the operation of devices that produce mechanical energy by "absorbing" energy from the environment:
1. A process is generated that is on the verge of self-support (for example, in hydraulics, a closed vortex like an Einstein glass is an extremely unstable and rather inertial state: examples are very often - a spinning funnel of water, air, a natural tornado; in electrical engineering, an electric motor and a dynamo connected on the same axis ). For real self-support, it is necessary to add external energy to such a system. Sometimes very small, compensating for friction or resistance losses.
2. Hyperbolizing process. Up to the resonance that occurs in such a device (in a vortex - heating and cooling of a water-air mixture, in electrical engineering, the induction of electromagnetic fields is obvious) ..
3. "Inversion" of the structure in relation to the environment in such a way that some part of this structure will have energy with a sharply reduced energy potential and become an energy absorber of the environment (for example, in hydraulics - the central part of the Schauberger engine - ideally this space is approximate to absolute zero in temperature and pressure, therefore, the ordinary medium surrounding this part of the engine has an "excess" of energy. In electrical engineering - it's more difficult here - the overlap and resonance of fields is obvious, I'll leave the idea unfinished for now).
4. Release of energy "absorbed" from the outside from the closed space of the device in the form of mechanical or electrical energy.
Vivid examples of such devices:
Schauberger engine and very similar Clem engine
In electrical engineering, the Tesla generator and the Searl generator.
Now we can assume what was inside Schauberger's Repulsine. Most likely it was a design similar to the illustration below. The vortex formed in the central part absorbs with the help of a heat exchanger (essentially a conventional centrifugal pump) that minimum heat from the air passing through the turbine blades, which is necessary to maintain rotation. The engine starts when the turbine spins up and a small amount of water is injected from below. Probably, after entering the tornado mode, water is no longer needed and only air is the working fluid. The pressure inside the engine during operation is lowered in the center, increased at the periphery. The Rank effect "works" to the full extent. Rather, it should work even more pronounced than in the "Ranque tubes" (this is because the air swirling in the Ranque tubes is thrown out instantly and rather wastefully, and here this effect "accumulates" during cyclic meridional rotation). Cooled from below, the heat exchanger-turbine is heated from above by the injected ambient air. The rejection of this cooled air creates the usual jet thrust.
In short, if it really works (I suppose if the Schauberger engine really existed, then it was something like this design) - we can consider it an absolutely universal engine-propulsion-generator. Super-ecological and fuel-free. With a stream of cold air as an exhaust.
Vortex motor-generator-propulsion
The design in terms of manufacturability is at the level of the beginning of the last century, maybe even earlier. Looks like a regular vacuum cleaner. Its simplicity makes you wonder - does it work? But I don't see much of a contradiction. I think this picture can get significant distribution on the Internet. At least as a discussion.
An industrial power generation plant might look something like this:
Vortex Power Plant Block (energy cell?)
The design is extremely simple. Who said that the "trunk of a tornado" should be directed downwards? Let's turn everything upside down (by the way, in Schauberger's pencil sketch at the top of the page is also questionable - where is "top and bottom"). In this way, the generation of an artificial vortex is greatly simplified. What is needed to form a vortex? The answer is - some ambient heat, moisture, and initial swirling of a mass of moist air. Ordinary water is poured into a bowl-shaped container. Motor-generator on initial stage, with the help of a turbine with spiral blades, begins the twisting of the water-air cone and after the operation of the structure reaches the tornado mode, absorption of heat from the surrounding air , acceleration of the movement of rarefied air along the center of the vortex and the pressure of this flow on the turbine blades. The motor-generator can be switched to the energy harvesting mode. I leave the description of the operation of the installation as minimal - the picture is extremely clear. Although the processes occurring in this device are much more complex and diverse (I deliberately omitted the formation of a minitornado when the main vortex occurs, as well as possible electrostatic effects). In this picture, I was just trying to highlight the main thing - vortex self-support process is possible and in my opinion is quite simple. I don’t know what height the resulting vortex will have (it’s quite possible - this installation can become the “rotor” of a full-scale natural tornado in an open area). And if in nature the process of formation of vortices occurs all the time, and sometimes it seems to be for no reason at all, then I propose to treat this device as a set of pieces of iron and other details that contribute to the "civilized" emergence of a very common natural phenomenon.
A separate question about the dimensions of this design. Criticism on the Internet does not like a different image when someone starts talking about the significant size of the proposed structures. Therefore, I will not talk about gigantic dimensions (such a negative example is the Messiah machine with a diameter of 50 meters). Much more I like the description of the Schauberger Home Machine Power - the dimensions of this device are about 1 meter in diameter. By the way, what I propose is a kind of symbiosis between these two devices. Only structurally simpler and perhaps better. And the minimum dimensions are nevertheless determined by the laws of nature - I have never seen an air vortex in wildlife less than a meter (a simple example is the usual turbulences on a dusty road). But if you imagine the maximum dimensions of such a station! The imagination can easily draw a huge installation in an open area, which will provoke the emergence of a real tornado in all its crushing power. Only this tornado is "tamed", therefore it always stands in one place - exactly above the power plant. And if you build a complex of large-scale vortex power plants that cool the surrounding space? Here we can already talk about the impact on the climate! It would be a wonderful contribution to the fight against global warming. Here is a little fantasy on the subject:
These structures, it seems to me, can be made within very wide limits in terms of size and power, but the most obvious is as a small-sized autonomous source of energy (for example, for a detached house). Remember how they "filled up" at one time personal computers"large computers"? We need to be closer to the consumer!
Everything certainly looks pretty fantastic, but still I want to enhance the impression. And finally figure out what is implosion, which Schauberger constantly talked about and try to understand - what did he want to offer?
Let's start with the fact that the entire technogenic civilization currently depends on Explosions. From Latin it is an explosion, an exhaust. 
The work of any modern heat engine (left side of the figure) is the combustion of fuel in some volume, a sharp increase in temperature and expansion of the working fluid as a result of this combustion. The working fluid increased in volume presses on the piston, the turbine, it is simply discarded to obtain a reactive impulse. Almost any engine runs on the expansion process as a result of fuel combustion, constantly wasting non-renewable resources in the form of gas-oil-coal-uranium. I don’t even want to talk about the waste of such technology - you can imagine. But after all, the expansion of the working body can be obtained as a result of a completely different process! An example is a natural tornado. I'll try to explain a little. Let's imagine. that in some container they began to rotate the working fluid. In the simplest case, this is ordinary air, as in this figure on the right (a miniature model of a natural tornado). In the central part, an accelerating upward translational movement will immediately appear. There are at least 3 reasons for this:
1. At the expense underpressure by centrifugal force the central part of the vortex some an increase in volume for a finite mass of gas and a decrease in its temperature. From the sides, this mass is "supported" by the walls of the vessel, from below its bottom. There is only one way to expand - up.
2. On rarefied part of the gas in the central part Archimedes' law applies- a lighter body "floats" - something like hot air balloon, only without the shell.
3. The third reason is the most exotic. When air rotates, it acquires a significant electric potential. Positive in the center, negative in the periphery. Despite its simplicity, this tornado model (and the tornado itself in the original) is an excellent electrostatic generator (the theory of the emergence of such an electric potential is best reflected in the materials on the Searl generator). In a real tornado, a magnitude of millions of volts is reached and manifests itself in the constant occurrence of lightning in the "eye of the tornado" and its "trunk". Thus, in the body of a tornado, in the presence of such a high voltage, the air becomes electrified. BUT charges of the same name as is known repel! (positively charged air molecules - devoid of electrons, repel each other). This way it happens increase in gas pressure due to electrostatic forces!. And this extension again gives an additional impetus to the upward movement of air. I wonder if such an effect is formulated in physics - an increase in the volume of gas when it is electrified? If not, why are you not discovering? Rummaging around the Internet, I didn’t find anything like that, but the effect should clearly be. I want to explain everything that has been said with this cartoon and try to prove that tornado is an electrostatic machine, and structurally the simplest. On the Internet, you can find enough designs where the rotor is a simple dielectric cylinder, on the sides of which a high voltage of several tens of kilovolts is simply applied. An avalanche of charged particles flowing between the electrodes simply turns the rotor cylinder.
With this cartoon (a section of a tornado), I would like to summarize what the authors of such structures offer and offer their answer to the question - why does the tornado actually rotate?
electrostatic
tornado model
Consider a cross section of a tornado. We will see something like a ball bearing. Research
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In the fifth century BC, the ancient Greek philosopher Zeno of Elea formulated his famous aporias, the most famous of which is the aporia "Achilles and the tortoise". Here's how it sounds:Let's say Achilles runs ten times faster than the tortoise and is a thousand paces behind it. During the time during which Achilles runs this distance, the tortoise crawls a hundred steps in the same direction. When Achilles has run a hundred steps, the tortoise will crawl another ten steps, and so on. The process will continue indefinitely, Achilles will never catch up with the tortoise.
This reasoning became a logical shock for all subsequent generations. Aristotle, Diogenes, Kant, Hegel, Gilbert... All of them, in one way or another, considered Zeno's aporias. The shock was so strong that " ... discussions continue at the present time, the scientific community has not yet been able to come to a common opinion about the essence of paradoxes ... mathematical analysis, set theory, new physical and philosophical approaches; none of them became a universally accepted solution to the problem ..."[Wikipedia," Zeno's Aporias "]. Everyone understands that they are being fooled, but no one understands what the deception is.
From the point of view of mathematics, Zeno in his aporia clearly demonstrated the transition from the value to. This transition implies applying instead of constants. As far as I understand, mathematical apparatus the use of variable units of measurement is either not yet developed, or it has not been applied to Zeno's aporia. The application of our usual logic leads us into a trap. We, by the inertia of thinking, apply constant units of time to the reciprocal. From a physical point of view, it looks like time slowing down to a complete stop at the moment when Achilles catches up with the tortoise. If time stops, Achilles can no longer overtake the tortoise.
If we turn the logic we are used to, everything falls into place. Achilles runs at a constant speed. Each subsequent segment of its path is ten times shorter than the previous one. Accordingly, the time spent on overcoming it is ten times less than the previous one. If we apply the concept of "infinity" in this situation, then it would be correct to say "Achilles will infinitely quickly overtake the tortoise."
How to avoid this logical trap? Remain in constant units of time and do not switch to reciprocal values. In Zeno's language, it looks like this:
In the time it takes Achilles to run a thousand steps, the tortoise crawls a hundred steps in the same direction. During the next time interval, equal to the first, Achilles will run another thousand steps, and the tortoise will crawl one hundred steps. Now Achilles is eight hundred paces ahead of the tortoise.
This approach adequately describes reality without any logical paradoxes. But this is not a complete solution to the problem. Einstein's statement about the insurmountability of the speed of light is very similar to Zeno's aporia "Achilles and the tortoise". We have yet to study, rethink and solve this problem. And the solution must be sought not in infinitely large numbers, but in units of measurement.
Another interesting aporia of Zeno tells of a flying arrow:
A flying arrow is motionless, since at each moment of time it is at rest, and since it is at rest at every moment of time, it is always at rest.
In this aporia, the logical paradox is overcome very simply - it is enough to clarify that at each moment of time the flying arrow is at rest at different points in space, which, in fact, is movement. There is another point to be noted here. From one photograph of a car on the road, it is impossible to determine either the fact of its movement or the distance to it. To determine the fact of the movement of the car, two photographs taken from the same point at different points in time are needed, but they cannot be used to determine the distance. To determine the distance to the car, you need two photographs taken from different points in space at the same time, but you cannot determine the fact of movement from them (of course, you still need additional data for calculations, trigonometry will help you). What I want to point out in particular is that two points in time and two points in space are two different things that should not be confused as they provide different opportunities for exploration.
Wednesday, July 4, 2018
Very well the differences between set and multiset are described in Wikipedia. We look.
As you can see, "the set cannot have two identical elements", but if there are identical elements in the set, such a set is called a "multiset". Reasonable beings will never understand such logic of absurdity. This is the level of talking parrots and trained monkeys, in which the mind is absent from the word "completely." Mathematicians act as ordinary trainers, preaching their absurd ideas to us.
Once upon a time, the engineers who built the bridge were in a boat under the bridge during the tests of the bridge. If the bridge collapsed, the mediocre engineer died under the rubble of his creation. If the bridge could withstand the load, the talented engineer built other bridges.
No matter how mathematicians hide behind the phrase "mind me, I'm in the house", or rather "mathematics studies abstract concepts", there is one umbilical cord that inextricably connects them with reality. This umbilical cord is money. Let us apply mathematical set theory to mathematicians themselves.
We studied mathematics very well and now we are sitting at the cash desk, paying salaries. Here a mathematician comes to us for his money. We count the entire amount to him and lay it out on our table into different piles, in which we put bills of the same denomination. Then we take one bill from each pile and give the mathematician his "mathematical salary set". We explain the mathematics that he will receive the rest of the bills only when he proves that the set without identical elements is not equal to the set with identical elements. This is where the fun begins.
First of all, the deputies' logic will work: "you can apply it to others, but not to me!" Further, assurances will begin that there are different banknote numbers on banknotes of the same denomination, which means that they cannot be considered identical elements. Well, we count the salary in coins - there are no numbers on the coins. Here the mathematician will frantically recall physics: different coins have different amounts of dirt, the crystal structure and arrangement of atoms for each coin is unique ...
And now I have the most interest Ask: where is the boundary beyond which elements of a multiset turn into elements of a set and vice versa? Such a line does not exist - everything is decided by shamans, science here is not even close.
Look here. We select football stadiums with the same field area. The area of the fields is the same, which means we have a multiset. But if we consider the names of the same stadiums, we get a lot, because the names are different. As you can see, the same set of elements is both a set and a multiset at the same time. How right? And here the mathematician-shaman-shuller takes out a trump ace from his sleeve and begins to tell us either about a set or a multiset. In any case, he will convince us that he is right.
To understand how modern shamans operate with set theory, tying it to reality, it is enough to answer one question: how do the elements of one set differ from the elements of another set? I will show you, without any "conceivable as not a single whole" or "not conceivable as a single whole."
Sunday, March 18, 2018
The sum of the digits of a number is a dance of shamans with a tambourine, which has nothing to do with mathematics. Yes, in mathematics lessons we are taught to find the sum of the digits of a number and use it, but they are shamans for that, to teach their descendants their skills and wisdom, otherwise shamans will simply die out.
Do you need proof? Open Wikipedia and try to find the "Sum of Digits of a Number" page. She doesn't exist. There is no formula in mathematics by which you can find the sum of the digits of any number. After all, numbers are graphic symbols with which we write numbers, and in the language of mathematics, the task sounds like this: "Find the sum of graphic symbols representing any number." Mathematicians cannot solve this problem, but shamans can do it elementarily.
Let's figure out what and how we do in order to find the sum of the digits of a given number. And so, let's say we have the number 12345. What needs to be done in order to find the sum of the digits of this number? Let's consider all the steps in order.
1. Write down the number on a piece of paper. What have we done? We have converted the number to a number graphic symbol. This is not a mathematical operation.
2. We cut one received picture into several pictures containing separate numbers. Cutting a picture is not a mathematical operation.
3. Convert individual graphic characters to numbers. This is not a mathematical operation.
4. Add up the resulting numbers. Now that's mathematics.
The sum of the digits of the number 12345 is 15. These are the "cutting and sewing courses" from shamans used by mathematicians. But that is not all.
From the point of view of mathematics, it does not matter in which number system we write the number. So, in different number systems, the sum of the digits of the same number will be different. In mathematics, the number system is indicated as a subscript to the right of the number. With a large number of 12345, I don’t want to fool my head, consider the number 26 from the article about. Let's write this number in binary, octal, decimal and hexadecimal number systems. We will not consider each step under a microscope, we have already done that. Let's look at the result.
As you can see, in different number systems, the sum of the digits of the same number is different. This result has nothing to do with mathematics. It's like finding the area of a rectangle in meters and centimeters would give you completely different results.
Zero in all number systems looks the same and has no sum of digits. This is another argument in favor of the fact that . A question for mathematicians: how is it denoted in mathematics that which is not a number? What, for mathematicians, nothing but numbers exists? For shamans, I can allow this, but for scientists, no. Reality is not just about numbers.
The result obtained should be considered as proof that number systems are units of measurement of numbers. After all, we cannot compare numbers with different units of measurement. If the same actions with different units of measurement of the same quantity lead to different results after comparing them, then this has nothing to do with mathematics.
What is real mathematics? This is when the result of a mathematical action does not depend on the value of the number, the unit of measure used, and on who performs this action.
Ouch! Isn't this the women's restroom?
- Young woman! This is a laboratory for studying the indefinite holiness of souls upon ascension to heaven! Nimbus on top and arrow up. What other toilet?
Female... A halo on top and an arrow down is male.
If you have such a work of design art flashing before your eyes several times a day,
Then it is not surprising that you suddenly find a strange icon in your car:
Personally, I make an effort on myself to see minus four degrees in a pooping person (one picture) (composition of several pictures: minus sign, number four, degrees designation). And I do not consider this girl a fool who does not know physics. She just has an arc stereotype of perception of graphic images. And mathematicians teach us this all the time. Here is an example.
1A is not "minus four degrees" or "one a". This is "pooping man" or the number "twenty-six" in the hexadecimal number system. Those people who constantly work in this number system automatically perceive the number and letter as one graphic symbol.
UFO and antigravity. The principle of operation of the UFO engine. Scientific rationale UFO engine operation
Vladimir Zabelyshensky
UFO and antigravity.
The modern level of science allows us to conclude that there are three main forces in the Universe: gravity, magnetism and electricity. This statement was the result of the work of a number of prominent scientists, which, first of all, include Faraday, Maxwell, Planck and Einstein. In 1923, their followers - American scientists Brown and Bifield, California Institute for Special Studies, investigating the connection between electricity and gravity, came to the discovery of the effect of electrogravity. This discovery was the beginning of the development of a completely new scientific direction. Brown showed that for every electromagnetic phenomenon there is an electrogravitational analogue, in particular, the movement of a charged body under the influence of the interaction between electric and gravitational fields in the direction of the positive electrode. In 1939, Brown created the theory of electrogravity and then developed it into the field of electrohydrodynamics.
It is noteworthy that the Brown effect was not predicted, even in any first approximation, neither by the Theory of Relativity nor according to modern theories electromagnetism. As soon as Brown's theory of electrogravity became available to scientists and technical specialists of aerospace centers, it struck with the simplicity of implementation and the highest degree of experimental evidence of all the provisions of the theory. However, even at the end of the 20th century, despite the practical implementation of the Brown effect in the creation of fundamentally new aircraft, many, due to their ignorance, consider the gravitational engine an obscure exotic.
The essence of electrogravity is that a flat capacitor charged with a high DC voltage tends to move towards the positive pole, due to a decrease in its weight /1/. The change in the weight of the capacitor depending on the polarity of the voltage applied to it is shown in Fig.1.
Fig.1. The change in the weight of a capacitor depending on the polarity of the voltage applied to it.
The experiments revealed the fundamental features:
The dielectric material between the two plates of a capacitor must be capable of storing electrical energy in the form of a “resilient” voltage without corona discharge and subsequent breakdown at the edges of the capacitor, for example in the form of a disk. The measure of this ability is the “k” factor of the material. The higher the value of this coefficient, the greater the effect of electrogravity;
The effect of the movement of a freely suspended capacitor is directly proportional to the area of the capacitor plates and the magnitude of the voltage applied to the plates;
The effect of electrogravity becomes more pronounced as the mass of the dielectric material between the plates increases. (Patent T. T. Brown, 3 187 206 dated June 1, 1965, USA).
The distribution of an electric charge of a certain polarity over the sectors of the upper and lower surfaces of a flat capacitor allows you to control the direction of movement of the capacitor. Figures 2 and 3 show the principle of changing the direction of the flight of objects according to the theory of electrogravity.
Fig.3. The principle of changing the direction of flight of objects.
In his experiments, Brown used models of objects in the form of a triangle, a square, a square truncated at the corners with faces, and a saucer. He ultimately concluded that the most effective shape was the saucer shape. Analysis of the flight of the saucer in Brown's experiments showed that during the flight of the model in the air none of the known aerodynamic principles of the wing is used.
Considering electrogravity in relation to UFOs, we must keep in mind some features of its flight. As is known, the Earth is surrounded by a gravitational field, the magnitude of which decreases with distance from the Earth and, ultimately, becomes equal to zero. The UFO, by creating an area of its own gravitational field, changes (deforms) the gravitational field of the Earth. This area acts like a wave with a negative pole at the top of the wave and a positive pole at its bottom. The flight of a UFO is like a surfer sliding on a wave. Thus, by changing the orientation and sign (polarity) of the electric field on the upper and lower surfaces of the body, the UFO is able to move without inertia in any direction. As you know, there are some stably observed features of the flight of UFOs. So, before starting from a hovering position, the UFO leans forward, before stopping in level flight, it leans back. The descent of a UFO, as a rule, occurs by the “falling leaf” method, reminiscent of the movement of a pendulum. Paul Hill, who studied these flight characteristics at NASA's Langley Research Center, came to the conclusion that such evolutions of UFO flight are contrary to aerodynamic requirements, but are fully compatible with the fundamental differences in the operation of a field anti-gravity system.
Experimenting with various forms of his flying models, Brown gives a description of the process of the emergence of the driving force, due to which controlled flight is carried out. In accordance with the theory of electrogravity, the upper part of the disk in the form of a dome is an anode, which is under a positive charge of 100-200 kV. The cathode, to which a negative charge is applied, is the central lower part of the case, the diameter of which is approximately 3 times smaller than the upper, domed part of the disk. The dome is mechanically connected to the small anode part by an electrode located vertically in the center of the disk.
The ion plasma, moving at high speed towards the concave part of the dome, creates pressure along the entire anode profile, which leads, in a particular case, to a vertical movement of the disk. The plasma that escaped the dome returns with acceleration to the cathode. An intrinsic gravitational field is created both inside the volume of the disk and in the peripheral region outside the disk. The electrical model of Brown's disk is shown in Figure 4./2/.
Fig.4. Brown's electrical disk model.
The main conclusion following from Brown's theory, confirmed in the experiment, is that there is an electromagnetic correlation factor between the gravitational mass and the inertial mass, which, under certain electromagnetic conditions, can be reduced, annulled, inverted or increased.
Demonstration flights of Brown discs, 1m in diameter. and more, around a high mast with power-through-wire, have shown that a low-pressure region is created in front of the leading edge of the disk. This area, like a buffer wing, displaces the air in front of the flying disk, which eliminates the occurrence of a supersonic barrier and heating of the disk body. Speaking to scientists and representatives aviation industry, Brown already noted that the electromagnetic processes accompanying the flight cause not only the glow of the disk, but also a negative effect on animals and plants.
Observations of low-flying or low-altitude UFOs, as well as the detection of the so-called. step voltage on the surface of the earth during their landings, confirm the presence of an electric field around the UFO. The intensity of this field, according to indirect estimates, is 1 - 1.5 million volts per square meter. see UFO surfaces, which corresponds to the calculated values obtained in Brown's experiments.
In 1953, Brown held a demonstration for senior military officials. He showed the flight of two discs 3 feet in diameter. They reached speeds of several hundred miles per hour. Soon, work in this direction was classified.
During the Winterhaven project, Brown sent a proposal to the Pentagon to develop a disk-shaped electrogravity combat aircraft of the Mach-3 type (Mach-3). It was a much improved version of his test discs shown earlier. Using large vacuum chambers, Brown showed that his discs could fly more efficiently in an airless environment. This made a proper impression on the specialists of the US military department.
As soon as Brown's discoveries gained publicity, some scientists began talking openly about UFO flight technology. None other than Professor Hermann Oberg, who is considered the father of the space age, who later worked with Wernher von Braun for the US Army Ballistic Missile Agency and NASA, stated the following in 1954: “It is my thesis that flying saucers are real and are spaceships from another solar system. They fly using artificial gravity fields... They produce high-voltage electric charges in order to push air out of its way, while the air begins to glow in strong electromagnetic fields as a result of the ionization of molecules of various air gases.
Firstly, this can explain the glow ... Secondly, this can explain the noiselessness of the UFO flight ...” /3/. We now know that, in fact, he was right in his assessment. - Counselor of the Physical Society of Russia, studying Brown's developments, notes that the active force acting in electrogravity is the result of the asymmetry of the orbital motion of electrons in atoms of a dielectric located in an electric field. The asymmetry creates a centrifugal force gradient and a non-zero linear component of this force. If we take the surface area of the dome equal to 100 sq. m. electric capacitance will be about 1 microfarad. The use of special ceramics as a dielectric makes it possible to increase the dielectric constant (specific capacitance) up to 80. At a potential of 100 kV. the gradient of the acting force will be equal to 80 tons. Since the magnitude of the force increases in a quadratic dependence on the applied potential, it is advisable to increase the potential, and not the surface of the dome or the object as a whole. Thus, the essence of electrogravity propulsion is to use a very strong positive charge on one side of the vehicle and a negative charge on the other. The ability of a capacitor to hold a charge (K-factor) is a comparative specification. If the K coefficient for ordinary dielectrics is 6-8, then the use of barium titanate oxide (sintered ceramics) gives a coefficient of 6.000 with the prospect of bringing it up to 30.000, which is quite enough for supersonic flight.” /4/ Calculation of the gradient of the acting force is shown in figure 1.
F=qE0(1/ε1-1/ε2)
ε1=1 ε2=80 (ceramics)
area S=100m2
capacitance C0=10-6F; C= ε2C0=8×10-5F
potential φ=105 V
charge q=CU=8K
field strength E=105 i/m
F=8×105(79/80)=7.9×105(N)
F=7.9/9.8×105=80T
Fig.1. Calculation of the gradient of the acting force.
In one of their conclusions, based on the work of Brown, the experts note the following: “Electrostatic energy sufficient to implement the Mak-3 apparatus is possible using megavolt voltages and a K factor of more than 10,000″ /5/.
Despite Brown's thorough research, they further point out that: “One of the major difficulties in 1954 and 1955 was the effort to convince aviators of the seriousness of electrogravity experiments /6/. Report of the British company Gravity Rand Ltd. in 1956 is consistent with this assessment /7/.
Aviation Report made numerous references to anti-gravity projects and cited many of the companies involved in research in this area. The quotes from this magazine, given in the report of the company "Aviation Studies (International) Ltd." /8/ hint at what is going on behind the scenes.
In 1954, the company's specialists note that: “... progress was slow. But there are indications that the Pentagon is willing to sponsor a number of devices to help further progress”... will be available as early as ten years from now.” (Aviation Report, No.12, October 1954) /9/.
During this time period, many of the major companies in the military-industrial complex were cited as leading research projects and trials in the field. For example: “Among the companies studying the application of gravity mentioned in the new statement are Glenn Martin, Conware, Sperry-Rand, Sikorsky, Bell, Liar Inc. and Clark Electronics. Of the other companies that showed interest earlier, we note Lockheed. Other of the reports mentioned point to AT&T, General Electric, and Curtis-Wright, Boeing, and North American as having electrogravity research groups. During the same period of time, a report by Gravity Rand noted that: “Already companies specialize in the development of individual components of the electrogravity disk” /11/. However, in the area of predictions, the Evolution Report states the following based on an extrapolation of technological advances: “Thus, this century will be divided into two parts - almost to the present day. The first part is due to the Wright brothers, who anticipated almost every major law in which gravity was a difficult opponent. In the second part, gravity will be the great breadwinner.
Electric energy, practically unusable for movement in the first part, becomes a kind of catalyst for movement in the second part of the century.” (Aviation Report, No.7, September 1954) /12/.
Looking back in history, it is easy to say that they have lost the point of dividing. Had they really lost her for half a century? After reading the reports mentioned, it becomes quite obvious that there was a lot of interest in anti-gravity among a number of very well-known companies, as well as in the Department of Defense. What happened to that interest, and why did it fade over the next four-plus decades? In the end, T. Brown showed that there is a provable connection between high voltage fields and gravity. Why was this topic kept from the scientific community and publications in the open literature until the 90s? A review of recent statements by former military and civilian employees working in connection with secret projects sheds light on research activity in these areas in the second half of the century. And it turns out that significant breakthroughs were made during this period, but they were hidden from the eyes of scientists and the public.
Recent scientific developments.
In this section, we look at developments in anti-gravity since the late 1980s, as well as scientific findings and eyewitness accounts associated with military and secret groups that indicate that a solution to gravity has been found that can be applied to technology. Although general relativity has been unable to explain Brown's electrogravitational theory, as well as any other antigravity phenomena, physicists' recent findings on the methodology of quantum electrodynamics suggest a theoretical framework by which electrogravity can be explained.
The latest works of the staff of the Institute for Advanced Studies of the Alpha Foundation provide a solid theoretical foundation for antigravitational effects in the framework of the theory of electrodynamics and include reports by Evans /13/, Anastasotsky /14/ and others.
Earlier, in his groundbreaking work in 1994, Alcubière showed that
that space travel at superluminal speed is, in principle, physically possible and will not contradict the foundations of the theory of relativity /15/. Puthoff later analyzed these definitions in light of the current SETI (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence) paradigms, which state that we cannot be visited by extraterrestrial civilizations due to the light speed limitations imposed by general relativity. On the contrary, he believes that traveling at the speed of light is undoubtedly possible /16/. This leads to a decrease in the time required for interstellar travel and the possibility of a visit by extraterrestrial civilizations. Our limited understanding of physics and scientific arrogance kept it all taboo in some areas for most of the 20th century. While Brown's Electrogravity Theory has found its way into US aerospace projects, there are alternative theoretical approaches to creating artificial, controlled gravity.
In 1999 Fran Di Aquino, Doctor of Physics at the University of San Luis, Brazil, has published a number of papers on the theory of aircraft using the antigravity principle. In the work “Gravity and electromagnetism; correlation and grand unification”/17/ he showed that gravitational and inertial masses are correlated taking into account the electromagnetic coefficient (multiplier). The consequences of this correlation make it possible to transform the Mach Principle into the Theory of Gravity, obtaining a new relativistic expression for mass. In addition, it became possible to generalize Newton's second law for motion, to calculate the differential equation for entropy (the second law of Thermodynamics) directly from the Theory of Gravity. Another fundamental consequence of the considered correlation is that, in specific ultrahigh energy states, gravitational and electromagnetic fields can be described by the same Hamilton function.
Attempts to establish a correlation between gravitational and inertial masses have been made since Newton. However, it has only recently been established that a gravitational particle reduces its mass with increasing temperature and that only at absolute zero (T=0) are gravitational and inertial masses equivalent.Fran Di Aquino showed that the long-standing assumption of a correlation between gravity and electromagnetism turned out to be correct. Initially, using formal methods, it was shown that there is a so-called. electromagnetic coefficient (multiplier), which is related to gravitational and inertial masses. Now there is a possibility of theoretical substantiation of the process of controlling the gravitational mass.
As has been shown, the inertial effects of a material body can be reduced and even canceled if its gravitational mass can be reduced or canceled accordingly. A particle with no gravitational mass is not subject to relativistic effects. Its gravitational mass does not increase with the speed of the particle. It is interesting to note that according to Di Aquino, this means that a particle with no gravitational mass can reach the speed of light and even surpass it. Such a particle is characterized by two fundamental parameters: it becomes a particle with momentum Р=0 and energy Е=0. These "ghosts" of neutrinos are so named because, without having momentum and energy, they cannot be detected. But even so, their presence can be confirmed by an existing wave function that describes their presence.
Inertial forces in the modern version are expressed as Fi=miai, while the equivalent gravitational forces, Fg=mgag. In this case, the equivalence ai=ag. Therefore, the equations of the General Theory of Relativity will be preserved. It is known that photons do not have inertial mass, do not absorb other photons, and do not have gravitational mass. If we consider a certain source of electromagnetic radiation with a certain power, frequency and ray density, then in accordance with Aquino's theory, it is possible to create a so-called “shield” of photons around this source, which will prevent the exchange of gravitons between particles in the “shield” and the rest of space ( universe). Region “ shield” begins at a distance from the source, where the beam density reaches a value at which photons will counteract each graviton in the electromagnetic field of the source. Moreover, these interactions are instantaneous, since the speed of photons in this case should be infinite, because they are quanta of electromagnetic interaction. It is this speed of photons that will be in “ shield."
If we imagine a spacecraft with a positive gravitational mass equal to X kg, and a negative gravitational mass equal to, for example, 0.001 kg, then this condition is sufficient to create a “shield” by photons emanating from the surface of the spacecraft. In this case, the gravitational mass of the ship will be equal to 0.001 kg. If the ship's propulsion system creates only F=10N, the spacecraft will acquire an acceleration equal to 104m/s.Thus, due to the photon "shield" around the spacecraft, its gravitational interaction with the Universe will be absent. Consequently, the inertial forces on the spacecraft will also be absent, in other words, the ship will lose its inertial properties. In addition, a spacecraft can not only reach the speed of light, but exceed it, because, as has been shown, a particle with no gravitational mass will not be subject to relativistic effects. The key issue of today is the creation of a compact source of electrical energy that allows obtaining voltages of more than 1 MV and electric fields with a strength of 1-1.5 MV per square meter. see aircraft surfaces. There are several solutions to this issue, including the conversion of nuclear energy or the use of the energy of the vacuum state.
Energy of the vacuum state.
The most revolutionary physical discoveries have been made in relation to the energy of zero-point vibrations or the energy of the vacuum state, which is illustrated by the Casimir effect, according to which two metal plates put together attract each other due to an imbalance of quantum vibrations. The prospects for using the energy of zero-point oscillations or the energy of the vacuum state are grandiose. Einstein's student John Wheeler once said: "Figuratively speaking, the vacuum energy contained in the volume of a coffee cup would be enough to evaporate all the oceans of the Earth." The theoretical foundations of the energy of the vacuum state have been described in several works by Puthoff since the end of the 1980s /18,19/.
Physicist Steven Greer, commenting on the research and practical achievements of scientists at the University of New Hampshire at a radio briefing on January 30, 2003, noted that, judging by the amazing devices that he saw in operation, by mid-2004 the United States will be able to create industrial designs. energy converters of vibrations of subatomic particles of free vacuum into electrical energy. “They are exceptionally compact, lightweight devices with no moving parts. I want to tell you that the UFO mystery has been a mystery for decades for one, the most important reason - we needed to have time to monopolize the study of the energy source in UFOs.
Various technological methods for extracting this energy are described - the latest works by Anastasocki et al. /20/. Bearden's book on zero-point energy theory /21/ will appear soon. There is considerable evidence to support that scientists since Tesla have been aware of this energy, but its existence and potential uses have been hidden for more than half a century /22/.
The connection between observations of electrogravitational phenomena and the discovery of zero-point energy leads to a new, expanded understanding of the nature of matter and gravity. We turn to the next question: what keeps the universe in perpetual motion? Or, more specifically, where do electrons get their energy to keep spinning around atoms? The simplistic answer is that it comes from a vacuum state. Puthoff /23/ describes the process as follows: “I found that we can think of an electron as continuously radiating its energy, as the classical theory says, but at the same time absorbing a compensating amount of energy from the omnipresent ocean of zero-point energy in which the atom is immersed. The balance between these two processes leads to the correct values of the parameters that determine the minimum energy or orbit of the ground state.
Thus, there is a dynamic equilibrium in which the zero-point energy stabilizes the electron in the orbit of the ground state. It turns out that the stability of matter itself depends on the ocean of zero-point electromagnetic energy supporting it.”
Moreover, it turns out that the rotation of the electrons provides inertia and mass for the atoms. These theories relating electron spin, zero-point energy, mass and inertia have been presented in a number of recent scientific papers, of which Heisch and colleagues are noted for providing a possible explanation for the Biefeld-Brown effect. It turns out that the high voltage field creates an electromagnetic barrier that blocks the atomic structure of the atom from interacting with the field of zero vibrations. This slows down the electrons, reducing their gyroscopic effect and thus their mass and inertia, making them easier to move around.
This inexhaustible source of energy will make it possible to abandon the use of all types of fuel, to transfer any transport, industrial and social facilities to electricity consumption thanks to vacuum energy.
Searle's gravitational disks.
In 1946 prof. John Searle, UK, made a fundamental discovery in the field of the nature of magnetism. Working in Mortimer, Borkshire, he found that while making permanent magnets based on ferrites, adding a small component to the magnetizing field alternating current, within 100mA, with a frequency of 10MHz, the magnets acquire completely new properties /24/. In Searl's experiments, it was shown that if magnets in the form of rollers, made according to new technology, positioned around the outer side of the ring magnet, then with a certain number of rollers, they come in independent movement around the ring magnet. Once in motion, the rollers increase their speed until dynamic equilibrium is reached. It was also found that when the magnetic rollers rotate, the device creates an electrostatic potential difference, the vector of which is directed along the radius from the rollers to the ring magnet. In this case, the fixed ring is positively charged, and the rollers are negatively charged. The interaction of centrifugal force and magnets creates a constant gap between the moving rollers and the ring, resulting in no mechanical or galvanic contact between the ring and the rollers.
Complementing the design with a fixed electromagnet, Searl received a current generator with a power of about 500 watts. Appearance Searle's simplest electrical generator design is shown in Figure 5.
In 1952, Searle made a device with several concentric rings, between which rollers were placed. This device with a diameter of 1m developed a potential equal to 1,000,000 volts, which was accompanied by crackling and the smell of ozone. The design of this generator is shown in Figure 6.
There are 10 rollers around the first (small) ring, 25 at the next ring and 35 around the outer ring. On the outer ring, above the ends of the rollers, electromagnetic converters of static potential into DC voltage are installed. Such a generator produces 15kW of power during stable operation. Studies of the Searle effect show that when the magnetic rollers are close to the magnetic ring, the resonant state of the magnetic field draws electrons and ions and, accelerating them in the gap between the rollers and the ring, creates a high static voltage with opposite charges on the stationary ring and the rollers rotating around it. High power at the output of such a generator is obtained by doping the magnetic material with neodymium, a rare earth metal that gives excess electrons. In 1999, SISRC Ltd, which includes subsidiaries in Germany, Sweden, Australia and New Zealand, announced the completion of an extensive program to modernize the Searl generator, which simplified the design. The company's specialists noted that discoveries in the field of vacuum state energy conversion play a key role in the effect of obtaining electrical energy using the Searl Generator /24/.
However, the main discovery was that upon reaching the specified potential difference and the maximum speed of the rollers in the dynamic equilibrium mode, the device rises. An analysis of electromagnetic phenomena in the Searl device showed that the interaction of an electric field of high intensity, the vector of which, in a particular case, is directed along the radius to the pulsating magnetic field, creates its own gravitational field that compensates for the weight of the device itself. In addition, Searl generators can be used as high voltage sources in Brown disks.
Since 1952, Searle began manufacturing devices in the form of discs with a diameter of 10m. In the 1950s, publications about Searl's further work ceased. However, in 1970, an important feature of Searl's magnets became known: the characteristics of magnets can temporarily change when exposed to an external constant magnetic field. When the external field is removed, the characteristics of the magnets are restored. In addition, it became known that experiments were being carried out to replace ferrite with magnetic ceramics. Thus, in the early 1970s, as a result of numerous experiments and technical upgrades, it became obvious that Searl disks can be used as a source of electrical energy, the main unit of a gravitational engine for aircraft, or a combination of these technical areas.
Studies of the Searl effect conducted in Russia /25/ showed:
The mechanical energy of rotating permanent magnets is converted into electrical energy in accordance with the magnitude of the gravitational potential created by all masses in the local volume of space.
The movement of the magnetic rollers in the transducer's own electric field leads to the formation of a secondary gravitational field in accordance with the magnitude of the electric potential.
With an increase in the speed of rotation of the rotor (a system of magnetic rollers), the strength of the electric field increases and, as a result, the secondary gravitational field increases, which can reduce or cancel the weight of the structure.
If the energy of the electric field is not spent on electric discharges or heating the structure by induced currents, then a significant part of the mechanical energy manifests itself in the form of an antigravitational effect.
Spontaneous acceleration of the magnetic system is associated with the simultaneous presence of electric, magnetic and gravitational fields in the local region of space.
From the side of the magnetic field, the Lorentz force acts both on moving electric charges and on gravitationally charged bodies.
Since the structure itself is electrically neutral, the Lorentz force acts only on gravitationally charged rollers. The direction of the Lorentz force is perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field and the direction of movement of the magnetic rollers. If the cylindrical rollers rotated in one place, then the Lorentz force would be directed towards the axis of rotation and would not impart additional acceleration to them.
Magnetic rollers, in addition to rotation, also perform translational motion around the magnetic ring, so that each point on their surface moves along the cycloid, so the Lorentz force has two components: towards the center of the cylindrical roller and along the direction of their movement.
The magnitude of the Lorentz force depends on the electric potential, the strength of the magnetic field, the mass of the rollers and the speed of their movement.
The electric potential, in turn, depends on the speed of rotation of the roller system around the fixed ring. Thus, in the end, the Lorentz force depends on the speed according to a quadratic law.
Electrons accelerated by a toroidal electric field of high intensity ionize the gas in the surrounding space, causing it to glow /25/.
Currently, work is underway on the use of composite materials and multilayer magnetic structures in order to significantly increase the output power of Searl generators. It should be noted that the achieved level of high voltage obtained using the Searl generator is sufficient to use it as a voltage source in Brown's flying disks.
Electrogravity and unified field theory.
Jerry E. Bayles, US Physical Institute, studying the interaction of UFOs with the environment, man-made and biological objects, came to the conclusion that Brown's theory can be significantly supplemented. Taking into account the results of the practical implementation of Brown's theory of electrogravity, Bayles proposed a theory of the interaction of strong electromagnetic and electric fields, as a result of which a controlled vector of gravitational force is created. Although this approach is not new, Bayles' theory is distinguished by its consideration of the problem from the point of view of unified field theory and quantum mechanics. His theory was presented by him to NASA at a conference in February 2003 /26/.
Without considering the mathematical apparatus for studying quantum interactions of fields and states of elementary particles, we will limit ourselves to the main provisions of the theory that explain the principle of UFO motion. These provisions are a consequence of the consideration of quantum and electrodynamic conditions, in which the entire structure of the UFO and its energy field are both a gravitational engine and a means of movement in space. A UFO surrounded by a microwave field is a single quantum potential similar to the energy potential of an electron. If there are conditions for an external energy action that creates a difference in energy levels, the electron can “tunnel” through the energy barrier to another point in space. This move is instantaneous. This feature of the quantum state of the electron was discovered by David Bohm after he solved the Schrödinger wave equation for the quantum energy potential, which represents the energy of the electron itself.
The physics associated with the quantum potential of David Bohm made it possible to expand the concept of quantum energy and the mechanics of gravity. One of the main provisions of the Bayles theory is the definition - the energy space is the source of Bohm's quantum potential. Bayles' Unified Field Theory allowed him to develop a new gravitational equation that expresses the mechanics of the vector magnetic potential. The equation shown in Figure 2 includes a vector magnetic potential and a new quantum coupling constant.
The assertion that a quantum particle such as an electron is essentially a standing wave formed the basis for considering the UFO motion system from the standpoint of wave theory, taking into account design features and parameters electromagnetic radiation UFO received in direct measurements. Based on the fact that quantum and macroelectronic equations are similar, it becomes possible to move a macroquantum object by changing the phase or wave function of a quantum standing wave relative to a coupled electric standing wave in a strong electric field of the object.
Thus, a UFO, in a quantum sense, is similar to an electron, which makes it possible for it to carry out instantaneous movements (jumps) in space, as an electron does when passing through an energy barrier by the “tunneling” method. The range of the UFO jump from its energy space to any point of the ordinary (surrounding) space is determined by the magnitude of the instantaneous phase transformation between the two indicated standing waves, which leads to a sharp, but controlled, change in the energy of the electromagnetic field. Speaking about the energy space of the UFO, one must keep in mind that the energy source can be the energy of vibrations of vacuum particles, converted into another, more convenient form of electrical energy. In a stationary position, the force field around the UFO-disk is symmetrical and has the shape of a torus. When creating a local asymmetry of the field, the UFO moves in the direction of its disturbance. Figure 7 shows a diagram of a UFO, which indicates the functional elements of the design.
Fig.7. Functional elements of the UFO design.
1. Compartment of the system of phase and group generation of standing waves.
2. Planar waveguides.
3. Residential and functional compartments.
4. Device for removal of corona discharge.
5. High dielectric ring.
6. Waveguide outputs.
The microwave radiation emerging from the waveguides -6 creates a force field that counteracts the external toroidal field, keeping it at some distance from the UFO body, thereby creating a vacuum region around the body. Group switching of energy along flat waveguides creates an adjustable asymmetry of the force field to change the spatial position of the UFO. Since the electric field strength in the upper part of the dome is maximum, there is a high probability of a corona discharge, which could lead to disturbances in the standing wave generation system. The corona discharge is removed using a device in the form of a “spike” of variable cross section located at the top of the dome.
Considering the real possibilities of copying UFO-type devices, Jerry Bayles suggested using a hydrogen atomic reactor as an energy source. In 1998, such a solution, from a technological point of view, could well be implemented.
Information beyond the threshold of secrecy.
In the United States, the B-2 aircraft became the first mass-produced aircraft using anti-gravity technology. A feature of the B-2 bomber is big square the horizontal surface of an aircraft in the form of a triangle. This feature provides maximum anti-gravity lift. At one time, Brown showed that although the shape of the disk is the most optimal, it is not necessary. Triangular, square or diamond-shaped devices fly with the same high efficiency. Further development of anti-gravity technology depends on advances in the development of newer dielectrics than the high-density RAM cermet. From sources close to Northrop Corporation, the manufacturer of anti-gravity devices, as well as from a publication in Aviation Week on March 9, 1992, it is known that a new dielectric is now available that can operate at a voltage of 15 million voltages. volt.
In 1993, Dr. La Violette prepared a report /27,28,29/ in which the B-2 bomber is discussed from the point of view of the use of an electrogravity system in it. It turns out that this plane uses an improved form of the anti-gravity principles first described by T. Brown. Confirmation of this thesis is available in the journal "Evolution Week and Space Technology" (March 1992), which reported that the B-2 bomber electrostatically charges the leading edge of the wing and the exhaust stream. The information was confirmed by Bob Ischsler, a NASA specialist. In flight, a positively charged region moves in front of the aircraft, while the ionized exhaust jet of jet engines creates a negatively charged region behind the aircraft. In this case, a certain modification of the Brown effect is realized, which has undeniable advantages in comparison with the conventional jet aircraft flight pattern.
B. Ischsler publicly made a similar statement in 1990. This information complements the information that there are major developments in the field of antigravity, which are used in military aviation. The appearance of the B-2 aircraft, US Air Force, is shown in Figure 8.
Fig.8. The appearance of the aircraft B-2.
From the conclusion of La Violetta's report: “The commercial airline industry can reap enormous benefits from this technology. It will not only significantly increase the fuel efficiency of jet airliners, significantly increase flight speed, but, most importantly, reduce flight time” /30/.
On May 9, 2001, the Public Organization “Project Disclosure” /31/ held a press conference at the National Press Club in Washington. She presented more than two dozen witnesses, including retired employees ground forces, Navy and Air Force, a high official of the Federal Aviation Agency, employees of various intelligence organizations, including the CIA. All of them either witnessed events related to UFOs, or were aware of the nature of the activities of the government and industrial corporations in this area. They also produced a white paper /32/ for journalists and congressmen, as well as a book /33/ that collected dozens of testimonies from such people. Many of them talked about secret programs dealing with anti-gravity technologies, zero-point energy and the development of reproductions of alien vehicles (UFOs) as part of American "black projects".
Dan Morris /34/, worked in the Air Force, now retired. For many years he participated in "extraterrestrial projects". After leaving the Air Force, he was hired by the super-secret National Intelligence Organization (NRO), where he worked on UFO-related operations.
He had the highest level of security clearance.
“There are UFOs, both of alien origin and those made by humans. Townsend Brown was almost at the top along with the German scientists. So we had a problem. Our task was to protect Townsend Brown, to protect his work on the secrets of anti-gravity electromagnetic propulsion. Then, he describes a type of zero-point energy device.
“If you have one of these devices, about sixteen inches long, eight inches high, ten inches wide, you can no longer connect to the local power grid.” These devices do not burn anything. No pollution. They will never break because they have no moving parts. Only electrons move in the gravitational and electromagnetic fields. At the same time, they rotate in opposite directions.
"Dr. B." /35/ (name withheld as he is still working in the field) is a scientist-engineer who has worked on top-secret projects almost all his life. For many years he worked directly or was involved in secret projects related to anti-gravity, ultra-high energy space laser systems and electromagnetic pulse technologies.
“In fact, I took the opportunity to go to the Hughes in Malibu. They had very solid anti-gravity projects there. I am well acquainted with the details of these works. The flying disk has a small plutonium reactor inside, which, through conversion, produces huge electrical energy. We also have even more advanced propulsion technology, this is called a “virtual field”, which causes hydrodynamic waves…”
Capt. Bill Juhaus /36/ served 10 years in the Marine Corps as a pilot
fighter and four years in the Air Force civilian service at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base as a test pilot for an exotic experimental craft. Then, for the next 30 years, he worked for Department of Defense contractors as an engineer on anti-gravity propulsion systems: on exotic aircraft flight simulators and on real flying disks. “I think that the first flying disk simulator was put into operation no earlier than the beginning of the 60s. Possibly in 1962 or 1963
year. The reason I say this is because the simulator was not actually functional until around 1958. The simulator they used was for an alien craft they had, this 30 meter object crashed in Kingman, Arizona in 1953 or 1952.”
“We controlled it with six huge capacitors, each
they were charged with a million volts, so there were six million volts in those capacitors.”… various sizes of apparatuses of our construction”.
"BUT. X." /37/ works for Boeing Airspace, collected various information from secret groups working on projects related to UFOs and extraterrestrial civilizations, in government, the Department of Defense and civil companies. He has friends in the NSA, CIA, NASA, JPL, Naval Intelligence, NRA, Area 51, Air Force, Northrup, Boeing, and others.
“Most of the apparatus works on the principles of antigravity and electrogravity. We have now come to the final stage with respect to anti-gravity. I think another 15 years and we will have cars that will float above the ground using this type of technology. We're working on this right now at Area 51. It's one of the things my friend at Area 51 is working on with Northrup, who now lives in Pahrump, MA. Nevada. We're flying anti-gravity vehicles right now in Area 51 and Utah."
Colonel Williams /38/ joined the Air Force in 1964 and was a rescue helicopter pilot in Vietnam. He has a degree in electrical engineering and has led design projects for the Defense Air Command. During his military service, he knew about the existence of a top-secret facility at Norton Air Force Base in California.
“There was a structure at Norton Air Force Base that was closed from prying eyes. Even the command did not know what was happening there. Then there were rumors among the pilots that it was a secret repository for one device - a UFO.
Mark McCandlish /39/ is a professional aerospace illustrator who has worked for many of the leading aerospace corporations in the United States. His colleague was inside a building at Norton Air Force Base, where he saw reproductions of non-terrestrial vehicles that were fully functional and could fly. He argues that the US not only has working anti-gravity propulsion vehicles now. The United States has had them for many, many years. They were developed in the course of research, in particular, extraterrestrial vehicles in the last fifty years. Close friend Brad Sorensen told him about a large hangar he was in during an air show at Norton Air Force Base on November 12, 1988.
In this hangar, he saw flying saucers. “There were three flying saucers hovering above the floor. No wires connecting to the ceiling, no landing legs. They only hovered, hovering above the floor. He said that the smallest object was partly shaped like a bell. They were all identical in shape and proportions, only all three were of different sizes. Video footage was shown showing the smallest of the three craft standing on the ground in a desert area, presumably at the bottom of a dry lake, some sort of Area 51 type location.
This craft made three small, but quick, bouncing jerks, then flew straight up, quickly picking up speed, and within seconds completely disappeared from sight. There was no sound, no sonic boom, nothing.”
“This craft was what they called a ‘reproduction of an alien craft’ and was also given the nickname ‘Fluxliner’. This anti-gravity propulsion system - this flying saucer - was one of three that were in the hangar at Norton AFB. Her artificial system view used the same type of technology used in the machine gun guidance system on the Apache helicopter: if the pilot wants to see what is behind him, he can turn on the view in that direction, and the cameras work in pairs. The pilot has a small screen in the front of the helmet, giving him an alternate look. He also puts on special goggles - in fact, you can actually buy a 3D vision system for your video camera right now and it will do the same - and when the pilot looks around, he sees a great 3D view of everything that is outside , and there are no windows. Why are there no windows? Most likely because the high voltages we are talking about are somewhere between half a million and a million volts.” Brad Sorensen said that at a demonstration of reproductions, "a three-star general said that these devices are capable of reaching the speed of light and even exceeding it."
Nick Cook's new book, Zero Point Hunt /40/ contains some of the strongest evidence for serious effort and success in antigravity technology. The author of the book has been an editor of Aviation magazine for the last 15 years and an aerospace consultant for Janes Defense Weekly, and has spent the last 10 years gathering information for his book. It includes research into the archives of Nazi Germany on anti-gravity technologies, interviews with senior officials from NASA, the Pentagon and secret defense installations. He proves that America "cracked" the code of gravity and closed the information at the highest level of secrecy. The reason is that anti-gravity and related zero-point energy technologies offer the world the potential to have an inexhaustible and non-polluting source of energy in the future, so the information is withheld due to a “giant economic threat”. His findings corroborate the aforementioned eyewitness reports from Project Disclosure.
Although T. Brown reported most of his discoveries about half a century ago, other experimenters have only recently begun to reproduce his work and report the results in the open literature and on the Internet. For example, Davenport /41/ published the results of his work in 1995, confirming the findings of T. Brown. Still later, the company "Transdimental Technologies" /42/ in the USA and the laboratories of J. Naudin /43/ in France published on the Internet diagrams, videos and experimental data of their versions of anti-gravity "elevators" based on the development of Brown's work. It is an obvious fact that big science still needs to demonstrate principles that were already demonstrated more than fifty years ago.
A whole series of demonstrations of "anti-gravitational" phenomena was carried out by scientists from many countries of the world. They include the work of the Brazilian physics professor Fran de Aquino, as well as a demonstration of some devices: Searle's electrogravitational disk, piezoelectric experiments with Woodward's force field.
All of them are described in more detail by Greer and Lowder /44/. An analysis of various theoretical approaches to the study of the antigravitational effect, which does not follow from Faraday's law and is not fully understood within the framework of Maxwell's theory of electrodynamics, leads to a simple, at first glance, postulate:
When the electric and magnetic fields interact, provided that the vectors of the interacting fields are perpendicular to each other, a third force vector arises, which manifests itself in the form of an antigravitational effect.
The use of various methods for obtaining active fields does not change the essence of the effect, and certain engineering solutions allow, with varying degrees of efficiency, to control the magnitude and direction of the gravitational force.
Consequences of antigravity research.
Research on antigravity and zero-point energy and their application has finally earned the attention of scientists of big science. This means that textbooks in this area will soon be rewritten and a new generation of students will be able to apply the “new knowledge”. Its application will lead to huge breakthroughs in transportation technologies in space and on the ground. As a result, we have the potential for human exploration of the solar system and beyond during our lifetime, if we are willing. It also implies that much of the technology of the 20th century will become useless, and in fact may already have.
Based on an analysis of trends in anti-gravity research over the past half century and information from numerous witnesses, it turns out that we have both good and bad news. /1/. The good news is that we (under secret projects) have already developed the theory of anti-gravity, and, in addition, built a working spacecraft on its principles. The bad news is that these technologies have been developed for decades at public expense, and that humanity has been deprived of these technologies, continuing to waste energy using inefficient and dirty technologies.
In the early 90s, the largest research centers joined the antigravity projects, including:
Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Science and Technology Base for Antigravity Research in Boston,
Institute Special Research at Princeton
Radiation Laboratory, Princeton University,
University of North Carolina,
Glen Martin Institute for Advanced Gravity Studies.
In the UK, an extensive research program is underway to develop a technology for obtaining special dielectrics for the implementation of electrogravity projects in aviation. Revolutionary successes in the theory of antigravity and its practical implementation do not mean the absence of problems in this area. There are still some problems with creating a more flexible spatial control system for powerful (50.000kVA) electric and electromagnetic fields. There are significant gaps in human protection from electromagnetic radiation. Advances in the technical solution of the problem of security are the main subject of competition and secrecy at the present time. Meanwhile, experts from leading aerospace firms, mastering new technologies in the framework of anti-gravity projects, believe that these problems are not as great as it seems at first glance /45/.
List of sources used:
/1/ Lowder at the 40th Aerospace Science Conference, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Reno, pc. Nevada, 2002. Translated from English. AT . Romanchenko.
/2/ Brown, T. T. 1929. How I control gravity. Science and Information Magazine, Aug. 1929. Reprinted in Psychic Observer
/3/ Oberth, Hermann: “Flying Saucers Come from a Distant World,” The American Weekly, October 24, 1954.
/4/ Frolov A.V. “Reactionless Propulsion and Active Force”, St.-Petersburg, 1998.
/5/ Aviation Studies (International) Ltd. 1956. Electro-gravitics Systems: An examination of electrostatic motion, dynamic counterbary and barycentric control. p. 14. In Valone, T. (ed.), 1994. Electrogravitics Systems: Reports on a new propulsion methodology. Integrity Research Institute, Washington, DC 20005.
/6/. Ibid, p. 27.
/7/. Ibid.p.19.
/8/ Gravity Rand Ltd. 1956. The Gravitics Situation. p. 54. In Valone, T. (ed.), 1994. Electrogravitics Systems: Reports on a new propulsion methodology. Integrity Research Institute, Washington, DC 20005.
/9/ Aviation Studies (International) Ltd. 1956. Electrogravitics Systems: An examination of electrostatic motion, dynamic counterbary and barycentric control. p. 11. In Valone, T. (ed.), 1994. Electrogravitics Systems: Reports on a new propulsion methodology. Integrity Research Institute, Washington, DC 20005.
/10/ Ibid., p. 34.
/11/ Ibid., p. 41.
/12/ Gravity Rand Ltd. 1956. The Gravitics Situation. p. 47. In Valone, T. (ed.), 1994. Electrogravitics Systems: Reports on a new propulsion methodology. Integrity Research Institute, Washington, DC 20005.
/13/ Aviation Studies (International) Ltd. 1956. Electrogravitics Systems: An examination of electrostatic motion, dynamic counterbary and barycentric control. p. 32. In Valone, T. (ed.), 1994. Electrogravitics Systems: Reports on a new propulsion methodology. Integrity Research Institute, Washington, DC 20005.
/14/ Evans, M. W. 2002. The link between the Sachs and O(3) theories of electrodynamics. In Evans, M. W. (ed.), Modern Nonlinear Physics.
/15/ Anastasovski, P. K., T. E. Bearden, C. Ciubotariu, W. T. Coffey, L. B. Crowell, G. J. Evans, M. W. Evans, R. Flower, A. Labounsky, B. Lehnert, M. M And sz A ros, P. R. Moln A r, S. Roy, and J.-P. Vigier. (In Press). Anti gravity effects in the Sachs theory of electrodynamics Foundations of Physics Letters.
/16/ Alcubierre, M. 1994. The Warp Drive: Hyper-fast travel within general relativity. Classical and Quantum Gravity.
/17/ Fran De Aguino: Gravitation and Electromagnetism; Correlation and Grand Unification, S. Luis, Brazil, 1999.
/18/ Puthoff, H. E. 1996. SETI, The Velocity-of-Light Limitation, and the Alcubierre Warp Drive: An Integrating Overview, Physics Essays.
/19/ Puthoff, H. 1989. “Gravity as a Zero-Point Fluctuation Force.” Phys. Rev A., 39(5):. Puthoff, H. 1989. “Source of Electromagnetic Zero-Point Energy.” Phys. Rev A, 40(9):.
/20/ Anastasovski, P. K., T. E. Bearden, C. Ciubotariu, W. T. Coffey, L. B. Crowell, G. J. Evans, M. W. Evans, R. Flower, A. Labounsky, B. Lehnert, M. M And sz A ros, P. R. Moln A r, J. K. Moscicki, S. Roy, and J. P. Vigier. 2001. Explanation of the motionless elect romagnetic generator with 0(3) Electrodynamics. Foundations of Physics Letters, 14(1):87-93
/21/ See the Tom Bearden web site for an extensive listing and copies of his papers at: www. cheniere. org.
/22/ Bearden, T. 2002. Energy from the Vacuum: Concepts and Principles. World Scientific (In Press).
/24/Consortium searl international, www. /e. htm
/25/ “Searle magnetogravity converter”, Sci Tec , 2002.
/26/ J. E. Bayles, Electrogravitation as a unified field theory, http://www. /gravbook/ (APPENDIX).
/27.28/ LaViolette, P. 1993. The U.S. Antigravity Squadron. In Valone, T. (ed.), 1994. Electrogravitics Systems: Reports on a new propulsion methodology. Integrity Research Institute, Washington, DC 20005.
/29/ LaViolette, P. A. 1992. Electrogravitics: Back to the future. LaViolette, P. A. 1993. A theory of electrogravitics. Electric Spacecraft, Issue 8.
/30/ LaViolette, P. A. 2000. Moving Beyond the First Law and Advanced Field Propulsion Technologies. in T. Loder (ed.). “Outside-the-Box” Technologies, Their Critical Role Concerning Environmental Trends, and the Unnecessary Energy Crisis. Report prepared for the U.S.
/31/ Information available at: www. disclosure project. org.
/32/ Greer, S. M. and T. C. Loder III. 2001. Disclosure Project Briefing Document, 492 pp. Available on CD from: The Disclosure Project, P. O. Box 2365, Charlottesville, VA 22902.
/33/ Greer, S. M. 2001. Disclosure: Military and government witnesses reveal the greatest secrets in modern history. Crossing Point Inc. Crozet, VA.
/34/ Ibid., pp. 357-366.
/35/ Ibid., pp. 262-270.
/36/ Ibid., pp. 384-387.
/37/ Ibid., pp. 391-403.
/38/ Ibid., pp. 388-389.
/39/ Ibid., pp. 497-510.
/40/ Cook, N. 2001. The Hunt for Zero Point.
/41/ Deavenport, L. 1995. “T. T. Brown Experiment replicated. Electric Spacecraft Journal. Issue 16 Oct. 1995. (Reprinted in: Valone, T. (ed.), 1994. Electro-gravitics Systems: Reports on a new propulsion methodology. Integrity Research Institute, Washington, DC 20005)
February 22, 2018, 23:02Engines of this type must have unique properties and allow them to move freely in three-dimensional space without releasing jet thrust and not pushing off anything, they will be able to move along roads in a horizontal plane, without pushing off the road, on water or under water, without pushing off water, in the air, not repulsed by the air, in space in an airless space, overcoming the resistance of the environment and the forces of gravity, in addition, be able to hover and soar at a given point in space, overcoming the forces of gravity and fluctuations in the environment. UFOs have similar properties.
This effect is somewhat reminiscent of the fabulous effect of Baron Munchausen, who lifted himself by the hair. It is clear that such an action is impossible and contrary to the laws of physics, which allows short-sighted people to dismiss the effect, referring to its proven impossibility. However, everything is not so simple here, and the effect is not only possible, but also confirmed by numerous experiments, even those that lack unambiguous explanations.
It is clear that the wheel is mechanically repelled from the road and thanks to this, a car drives, a helicopter and a propeller plane repels from the air and therefore flies, a rocket is a different engine, it can move under water, on water, along the road, in airspace, but the main thing is that it easily moves in space in airless space. The reactive thrust effect is based on a microexplosion that creates uniform pressure on all walls of the working chamber, except for one, which is open for the exit of the microexplosion wave, due to which a difference in pressure forces is created and the chamber begins to move, away from the open part from which the discharged spent fuel exits .
Far from practical, but an interesting idea can clearly explain the essence of a new idea - this is a rocket in a rocket. No one bothers to hide the jet engine in a large-sized closed-type case and turn it on. It is clear that such an engine will not work for a long time and with high quality, since it will require the exit of the spent reactive mass and the length of the cylinder with a jet engine at the base must be large enough so that the jet can freely exit without resting against a closed wall. Theoretically, it is possible to come up with a waste mass disposal system and then everything will work, but just as a model proving that this is theoretically possible, since there is no practical sense in this.
Here is a more interesting option that explains in detail the principle of operation of a new type of engine and is close to practical implementation. To make it simple, let's conduct an experiment with water, later we will explain why water is just a visual aid that is not of interest for practical implementation. So, again, a closed capsule is taken with an energy source, let's say a battery, water at the bottom of the closed capsule, a pump. We turn on the pump and pump out water from the bottom of the capsule, creating a powerful jet entering the divider to the left and right (you can do the same with two pumps, one of which creates a powerful jet to the left, the other to the right), while creating two powerful jets of water repelled from the center capsules, one of which moves to the left, the other to the right. If each jet simply rests against its wall, then nothing special will happen and the capsule will remain in place, but if, for example, the left jet is allowed to turn its energy into a different type of energy, letting it go not to the left wall, but to the nearby propeller-fan, capable of absorbing the energy of the jet and even generating electricity due to it, and the right jet will simply rest against the right wall, transferring its mechanical impulse to it, then the whole system will begin to move to the right. The disadvantage of this method, which makes practical implementation meaningless, is that the engine efficiency is too low for terrestrial conditions, i.e. it will take a lot of energy to create negligible thrust, and for space it is of no interest due to the fact that it is not able to create the proper speed, since its speed will be limited by the speed of the water jet. However, the fact of the possibility of a new type of engine is thus confirmed
An engine that already has practical applications will work in a similar way, where instead of a flow of water, a flow of electrons will be applied. The best simple example of such an engine would be a conventional cathode tube, also known as an x-ray tube. In it, instead of water, we radiate a stream of electrons in both directions, while the left stream will bombard the soft material in which the electron stream will only cause heating during its smooth deceleration, and the right stream will bombard the hard material, while the mechanical impulse of the electron will be transmitted to the entire structure and which, in turn, will acquire traction to the right side. The thrust in this case will be regulated by the electron flux density, and the maximum speed of the engine will be equal to the speed of the accelerated electrons and can be quite significant, up to tenths of the speed of light. In reality, it will not be possible to obtain significant thrust in such an engine due to a very low efficiency, therefore, under terrestrial conditions, the use of such an engine is not cost-effective, but in space it will work, while giving good speed performance, with naturally smooth acceleration. Similar experiments were carried out by Thomas Browne with the Coolidge X-ray tube.
However, this type of engines described cannot be classified as antigravity. True anti-gravity engines should create anti-gravity radiation, and an object located in the field of this radiation will be able to accelerate to enormous speeds without overloads associated with inertia forces, which is also discussed in this article.
Also, Alexander Vladimirovich Romanov once again shares interesting ideas
DLR#536. ERPE. About gravity
Dear editors!
In the 9th issue of the journal “Knowledge that Pratsya” (“Knowledge that Pratsya”) for 1966, an article by V. Rubtsov “Guests from space sa or atmospheric phenomena?”
Apparently, someone decided to seriously work on the issues of "flying saucers".
I myself was not an eyewitness to this phenomenon. But I was told about two cases of the appearance of such objects.
I began to think about questions about the principle of their movement since 1958, as soon as heard about the UFO.
What I wrote below is the result of my thoughts on the matter.
Cases of observing marvelous flying objects over the Earth do not find official recognition in the scientific community for a number of reasons.
1. Objects appear most often where they are not expected;
2. They appear most often when there is no way to investigate them with a certain objectivity.
That is why numerous reports about the appearance of these objects are mostly subjective.
And, besides, there is a whole chain of reasons that are put forward to argue for a frivolous attitude to messages. ro UFO:
1. Absolutely unknown principle of operation of the engine which: a) operates almost silently; b) makes it possible to move with any accelerations and velocities existing on Earth; c) makes possible vertical takeoff, landing, "hovering" over the Earth.
2. The weight of objects varies widely - from ten to several hundred tons. The weight was determined by the dents on the railroad track, as well as the soil that remained after the takeoff of the objects.
When landing on wet ground (arable land) and during takeoff, a circle of scorched soil remains. Increased radiation at the landing site was not detected.
4. Objects have an unknown, powerful, but incomprehensible defensive weapon, and it works at the moment when the attacker decided to shoot, but did not have time to click on ha mesh.
5. Objects allow you to approach them no more than 30 - 50 meters. For 30 meters, pocket flashlights and portable receivers stop working.
Such information gives rise to various hypotheses.
1. Is it possible for intelligent beings from other worlds to arrive on Earth? If it's them, why don't they make an official visit? This question was discussed most often.
2. On what principle do the engines of these objects work and is it possible to manufacture such an engine at our level of science and technology?
This question has been asked much less frequently. Both questions were more or less logically answered by George Adamsky, about whom not very pleasant reviews were written in our literature about his statement that he seemed to have personally met the aliens and flew on their ships.
1. The aliens have a jelly-like body that can take on any shape. Adamski simply claims that the human body has an unusual ability to adapt to life in any, even the most impossible conditions. But this does not contradict the data of science.
2. Adamski also nowhere says he flew around Venus or beyond.
He says that he flew to the moon and returned back during one night. But our science and technology can unleash this task even now.
He claims (1956) that back side The moon is different from what we see from the Earth - it is smoother, has fewer craters, lower than the mountain ...
The photographs taken and transmitted by the devices fully confirmed this assumption. In the same book, Adamski refers to photo-documentary sources of well-known observatories, scientists, and observers.
* * *
Questions about the principle of motion of unknown objects remain unresolved, and perhaps that is why the reports ro UFO lie rather within the boundaries of self-deception, mystics and are not studied with the necessary attention. I read everything I could get my hands on about observing these objects.
Comparison of some well-known phenomena in science and technology gives grounds to describe the possible principle of motion of these objects.
It is known that a magnetic field arises around a current-carrying conductor, which tries to squeeze the current tube with a radial compressive force (Maxwell-Faraday stresses). In engineering, this phenomenon is known as the "Pinch effect" - in plasma, the flattening of thin-walled pipes through which a strong current is passed (see Fig. 1),
H is the magnetic field strength.
F - compressive radial force, which is always directed normally to the axis of the conductor with current I. No matter how the conductor is bent, it will always be in a state of equilibrium.
If it were possible to rotate the total vector F relative to the conductor, then (see Fig. 2) it would be possible to obtain the movement of the conductor due to the appearance of the component F' along the axis of the conductor.
You can solve the problem in this way: break the conductor and get into the gap wind the capacitor, connect the conductor clamps to the alternator and then an alternating electric field will appear between the capacitor plates (the so-called displacement current) (Fig. 3).
According to the law electromagnetic induction, the alternating electric field causes the appearance of a magnetic field that surrounds it. The magnetic field (according to Lenz's law) prevents a change in the electric field - it tries to compress the electric field to the center (Fig. 4).
However, this force F remains radial, symmetrical and self-balanced. But if you change the shape of the capacitor, then the force vector F will turn around and a (horizontal) component F" will appear, capable of causing the capacitor to move in this direction (Fig. 5).
The magnitude of the induction B of the magnetic field H, which occurs around the displacement current Icm, can be determined by the formula:
B \u003d m e I (dE / dt) \u003d 10 -13 (l (cm) / d (cm) ) U volts * w (gauss).
We obtain the formula by transforming Maxwell's equations
w tH=E (dE/dt)
l - the contour along which the ve is determined The magnitude of the magnetic field H.
d - distance between disc plates th capacitor.
w =2 p f, f - AC frequency.
Since the electric field separates the magnetic field compressing it, the work that the fields produce at any point is equal to: E Ad= H Ad
The magnetic field is compressed with a force P:
P \u003d (B 2 S) / (25 * 10 6 ) (2)
The electric field unclenches it with a force F.
For an annular magnetic line of radius R and length l =2 p R can be written
dA P =dA F
or
F d R=P* 2 p d R
where
F=2 p P (3)
S - the area normal to the magnetic field lines between the capacitor disks (Fig. 6).
Combining formulas (1). (2), (3) into one, we find
F \u003d 4 * 10 -14 (l 2 / d) ) U 2 * w 2 (kg).
The resulting form cannot be considered final, since the value of E and m do not remain constant with increasing density of the electromagnetic field per unit volume. But the formula shows that by changing the size of the disk capacitor ( l ), distance between disks ( d ), voltage (U) and current frequency (f ), it is possible to obtain the required force of compression of the electric field by the magnetic one.
Such an engine (electrodynamic) uses the forces that arise in an electromagnetic field with sufficient power.
In this case, there is no need to take a “working body” (fuel) with you, which then needs to be thrown away in order to obtain a recoil force for the system to move. Energy for the operation of such an engine can be obtained from a small nuclear power plant.
What external characteristics are possible for a hypothetical UFO engine?
1. A powerful electromagnetic field has a narrow radiation pattern, which makes its influence safe even at a small distance from it.
If you make a capacitor of three plates, then the field outside the plates will be neutralized by the adjacent, opposite direction. But the force F is preserved (Fig. 7).
2. High-frequency magnetic field causes heating of wet soil at the landing site of the device. (The phenomenon is used in technology in the heat treatment of metals).
3. Since there will be a voltage of tens and hundreds of kilovolts on the capacitor plates, then in the atmosphere on top the device, a discharge occurs in the form of a radiance or halo.
4. The duration and flight range of such an apparatus is practically limited only by the stock of nuclear fuel.
5. The speed and acceleration that the device can develop is practically unlimited.
It is quite possible that the principle of motion I proposed may turn out to be unrealistic. It's a pity. But up to the stars on the ship fields built on the principles of multi-stage, ionic, plasma, and also electronic, which take with them the body from which they repel, you cannot fly.
A modern rocket, no matter how perfect it is, resembles an ordinary boat, which takes with it a supply of water, pushing which it moves using the recoil force.
Tsiolkovsky proposed an interesting way to go into space, but from the standpoint of classical mechanics. A speed is needed that is unrelated to the initial and final weight of the rocket.
A thrust is required that is not limited by the speed of the outflow of the working fluid.