Detailed Solution topic Topic 9 in geography for 10th grade students, authors V.P. Maksakovskiy A basic level of 2017
Task 1. Using the text of the textbook and maps of the atlas, describe the US EGP. Is it really beneficial? Why do you think so? Apply the standard plan for characterizing the country's (region's) EGP on p. 233.
Task 2. Using the text of the textbook and fig. 78-81, describe the largest urban agglomerations and metropolitan areas in the United States. Calculate the share of three megalopolises in the area and population of the country, compare the population density in megalopolises with the national average, draw conclusions.
After analyzing the data in the table, we can conclude that New York is the most densely populated agglomeration in the United States, and it also leads in terms of average population density. The average population density in the country is approximately 35 persons/km2. Thus, the density of the New York metropolitan area is approximately 20 times greater than the average density for the country. The largest area is the Los Angeles metropolitan area.
Task 3. Using the data of the tables and figures of topic 9 and the tables of the "Appendices", make the necessary calculations, draw up a bar (bar) or pie chart in your notebook showing the US share in world industrial and agricultural production for certain types of products. Analyze them.
Task 4. Using fig. 82, name the seven major oil states in the United States. Determine in which of them oil production is also carried out on the continental shelf. Try to explain the configuration of the existing system of oil pipelines, the reasons for the construction of the Trans-Alaska oil pipeline. According to fig. 22 Determine where the US imports oil and petroleum products from. What explains this? Apply a typical plan for the characteristics of the industry of the country (region).
The main US oil states include: Texas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, New Mexico, which supply over 70% of the country's oil production, and oil is also produced in Alaska, California, Kansas and Mississippi. In Louisiana and California, oil production is also carried out on the continental shelf. The network of oil pipelines is characterized by the direction from oil production sites and large seaports to industrial centers ( big cities with developed oil refining). The Trans-Alaska oil pipeline is designed to pump oil produced at the Prudhoe Bay field in the north of Alaska to the port of the city of Valdez in its south, the length of the oil pipeline is 1288 km. The construction of the pipeline began after the energy crisis in 1973. The rise in oil prices made it economically profitable to extract it in Prudhoe Bay, and became one of the main reasons for the construction of an oil pipeline. Despite its own oil production, the US is one of the largest oil importers in the world market. A third of the oil imported into the US comes from the Persian Gulf. The US also imports oil from Venezuela, Mexico, and Nigeria.
Task 5. Using fig. 83, make a concise and reference table in your notebook "The main areas of the US ferrous metallurgy." According to fig. 25 Determine from which countries the US imports iron ore. What caused it?
The USA imports iron ore from Canada, Brazil, Venezuela, Chile, Australia.
Task 6. Use the economic map of the United States and the world engineering map in the atlas to specify the characteristics of engineering contained in the text of the textbook. Determine by them the largest centers of this industry. Illustrate the textbook's position that the main engineering regions coincide with the US metropolitan areas.
Mechanical engineering is one of the main industries in the United States. The leading position in its structure is occupied by the automotive industry. Automobile factories are located in 125 cities located in 26 states of the country. However, most cars are produced within the Lakeside metropolis. Here are the main "automobile state" of Michigan and the "automobile capital" of the United States - Detroit. Also high level development stands out aero-rocket-space industry. In terms of the level of development of advanced technologies, the scale and volume of production, the range of products and the number of people employed in production, it occupies one of the leading places in the world. The main productions of this industry are concentrated in the Pacific states, and above all in California, where the "aerospace capital" of the USA, Los Angeles, is located. Seattle also plays an important role - the birthplace of the Boeing company, which produces almost 1/2 of all airliners in the world. The placement of mechanical engineering basically coincides with the placement of cities and agglomerations. To an even greater extent, this applies to the three megalopolises of the United States, which actually form the three main machine-building regions of the country. The first metropolitan area is Boswash, which produces about half of the industrial output of the United States. Another megalopolis - Chipitts (Chicago-Pittsburgh) was formed in the USA on the coast of the Great Lakes. The youngest megalopolis in the west of the country, San San, stretches from San Francisco to Los Angeles.
Task 7. Using the text, fig. 84 and other drawings of the textbook, as well as the economic map of the United States in the atlas, make a concise and reference table "US Industrial Belts" in the notebook in the following form. Formulate and record conclusions.
Industrial belts are distinguished on the basis of the predominance of certain industries in the industry of various regions of the United States.
Task 8. According to fig. 85 Describe the location of US crop production. The way of imposing fig. 85 and maps of the administrative-territorial division of the United States in the atlas, determine: 1) two main "wheat" states (one for spring, the other for winter wheat); 2) the main "corn" state.
The main volumes of agricultural land are concentrated in the Central States, in the East and South-East of the country. In the United States, areas that grow predominantly one crop are commonly referred to as agricultural belts. For example, the corn belt that arose in the north of the Central Plains, where soil and climatic conditions are exceptionally favorable for the cultivation of this crop. The main area for growing winter wheat is Kansas, spring wheat is Minneapolis, and corn is Iowa.
Task 9. With the help of a textbook and additional sources of information, develop individual projects for traveling around the United States, involving acquaintance with the most interesting natural, recreational, cultural and historical sights of the country. Conduct a collective presentation of prepared projects and choose the best one.
USA - attracts many tourists every year. Here is a project for a trip along the US West Coast with a visit to the main attractions of this region.
You can start your journey from Seattle. The main symbol of the city is the Space Needle, which was built for the 1962 World's Fair. The tower is located on the territory of the exhibition complex, which is a venue for urban and cultural events. Also, the hallmark of the city is the Pike Place Market (market), which is visited annually by up to 10 million people. This market was opened in 1907 and is the oldest market on the continent. There are many museums in the city: the Science Fiction Museum, the Wing Luke Asian Museum (dedicated to the history of Asian immigrants), the Aviation Museum (one of the most popular museums in the United States, opened in 1965 in the Boeing building), etc. Among the atypical tourist attractions worth highlighting is the Wall of Chewing Gum. It is a wall that is sealed with a thousand chewed gum. Seattle is also home to the Starbucks chain of coffee shops. One of the first Starbucks coffee houses is located in the city, which is one of the places that attract tourists.
Then you can visit Yellowstone national park, which is an international biosphere reserve included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. It is also the world's first national park (founded March 1, 1872). The park is famous for its numerous geysers and other geothermal objects, rich wildlife, and picturesque landscapes.
The next point of the route will be the city of Salt Lake City. The city is located near the Great Salt Lake. This lake is the largest drainless area in North America. The lake serves as a source of Glauber's and table salt. The water of the lake contains about eight times more salt than sea water. This level of salinity (from 140 to 300% o) makes it possible to use its resources for medicinal purposes. It is also worth visiting the city of Salt Lake City itself. The central attraction of the city is Temple Square, where the temple of Salt Lake City is located. The square also houses the historic Tabernacle building, where the world-famous Mormon Choir performs. Salt Lake City is home to several world-class winter and summer resorts. In 2002 the city hosted the Olympic Games.
After the route passes through the city of San Francisco. The city is considered one of the most beautiful places in the United States. The symbol of the city is the Golden Gate Bridge, which is one of the largest suspension bridges in the world. The length of the bridge is a little less than 2 kilometers, the height above the water level is 67 meters. Museums are considered to be important sights of the city contemporary art, the Museum of the Academy of Sciences of California (natural science museum), as well as the famous contact trams. Tourist interest is also attracted by Lombard Street, which is the most "crooked" street in the United States. It is laid in the form of eight sharp turns on a hill section 400 meters long and the slope of the surface is almost 30 degrees.
Between San Francisco and Los Angeles, there are two famous US national parks, Sequoia Park and Death Valley Park.
Sequoia National Park is known for its giant sequoias, including a specimen called the General Sherman, the largest (by volume of wood) tree on Earth.
Death Valley is the driest national park in the United States. The park includes the famous Death Valley, which is an intermountain depression in the Mojave Desert region. In the northwestern part national park there is a dried-up lake Racetrack Playa, which is known for an interesting geological phenomenon - stones moving along the dried bottom (Moving stones). The stones move slowly along the clay bottom of the lake, as evidenced by the long footprints left behind them. Stones move independently without the help of living beings. The reason for the movement was large (tens of meters), but thin (3-6 mm) patches of ice formed after freezing on previous frosty nights. This floating ice, carried away by the wind and the under-ice current, moved the stones at a speed of 2-5 m/min.
The last point of the trip will be the city of Los Angeles. The city is the center of Greater Los Angeles - an agglomeration with a population of over 17 million people.
Today Los Angeles is the world's largest cultural, scientific, economic and Education Centre USA and around the world. This city is famous for its Hollywood district, which is the center of the American film industry.
Task 10. Based on the text and drawings of the textbook and maps of the atlas, give a brief written description of one of the US macro-districts (of your own choice).
The northeast is the smallest macrodistrict in terms of area, but despite this it plays essential role in the US economy. The region will have access to Atlantic Ocean owing to which there are large seaports USA - Boston, Baltimore. The Appalachian coal basin is located on the territory of the region, there are also deposits of polymetallic and aluminum ores. The region is characterized by favorable soil and agro-climatic resources, which contribute to the Agriculture. Dairy farming and horticulture predominate in the agricultural region. The center of the region is New York. It is the largest financial, industrial, commercial and cultural center of the United States. Among the industries, the most developed industries are mechanical engineering, ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, and the textile industry. There is also a chemical oil refining and chemical industry based on imported raw materials (enterprises are shifted to seaports).
Task 11. Carefully review the text and pictures of part I of the textbook and the table "Appendices". Choose from them everything related to Canada. Use atlas maps for Canada. Based on these materials, complete the brief socio-economic description of this country given in the textbook. Apply a typical characteristic plan separate country us. 337.
Task 12 (Work in a notebook.)
12.1. Using the materials of topic 9, name the main typological features population and economy of the USA and Canada. Present them in a table.
12.2. Put on the contour map of North America (optional): 1) the largest cities; 2) main seaports; 3) transcontinental railways.
12.3. Determine what types of thematic maps in the textbook and atlas you used when studying this topic. Which of them are new to you?
When studying the topic, a physical map of North America was used. We also used a map of population density, a map of the economy of the region, a map of mineral deposits, socio-geographic maps showing transport routes, the location of socially significant objects.
12.4. According to the text of the textbook and Fig. 75 describe the Central Business District of an American city.
American cities are characterized by a clear rectangular layout. Usually there is a central business district, or "downtown", where governments, banks, funds are concentrated mass media and service. In big cities, its appearance is usually determined by skyscraper buildings.
Block of self-control and mutual control
Explain why:
1. The Northeast of the United States was called the "workshop of the nation."
The North-East has long been the main industrial, political and cultural center of the entire country. Even today, when industries are distributed relatively evenly across the country, New York continues to play the role of a significant economic center not only for the United States, but for the whole world.
2. A significant part of the heavy industry of the USA and Canada is concentrated in the Great Lakes region.
Answer: Heavy industry includes ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, mechanical engineering and the chemical industry. All these industries are large consumers of water, which explains their gravity in the water source (in this case Great Lakes). Also, a large number of thermal power plants, nuclear power plants are concentrated in the region of these lakes, which solves the issue of electricity for the production of metals, etc. The Great Lakes are an important part of the US transport system, they allow the export of manufactured goods from these regions to other regions of the US and the world.
3. US aluminum smelters are located in the Tennessee and Columbia river valleys.
Answer: The production of aluminum requires a large amount of electricity. Hydroelectric power is one of the cheapest, which is why aluminum smelters are located next to them. In the United States, hydroelectric power stations are located on the Tennessee and Columbia rivers.
4. The specialization of agriculture in the US and Canada changes as you move from east to west.
For the specialization of agriculture big influence provide agro-climatic conditions. So the eastern regions of the USA and Canada have more favorable conditions: more precipitation, the absence of extremely low and extremely high temperatures, these regions are provided with water resources. The western regions have a mountainous terrain, a more arid climate, less rainfall, which does not allow growing the same set of agricultural crops as in the east.
5. Florida, California and Hawaii attract the most tourists.
Answer: These states are characterized by a favorable climate for tourism. Since the temperature in these states practically does not fall below zero, the average amount of precipitation falls. Also, these states have an extensive sea coast, which contributes to the development of beach holidays.
6. In the United States and Canada, in recent decades, interest in the development of the regions of the North has increased.
The northern regions are rich in mineral resources (Alaska in the USA, northern territories in Canada). In light of the constant growth of industrial volumes, countries are interested in discovering new deposits.
What problems arise:
1. In connection with the accelerated industrialization of the South and West of the USA?
Due to the rapid pace of industrialization, the number of environmental issues: the amount of emissions of carbon dioxide and metal particles into the atmosphere is increasing, surface water and soil are being polluted, and the amount of land that has become unsuitable for use as a result of ill-conceived human activities is also increasing. Also increasing the number social problems: rapid population growth, increased flow of migrants.
2. Due to the fact that the US economy is becoming increasingly dependent on imports of oil, iron ore and other raw materials and fuels?
This dependence leads to an increase in the cost of production, following the increase in the cost of raw materials.
Do you agree with the following statements:
1. Megalopolis "Boswash" - the largest urban area in the United States.
Answer: The statement is correct, since Boswash is an agglomeration that stretches from Boston through New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore to Washington. It is home to more than 45 million people (14% of the US population).
2. In recent times Alaska has become an important oil production area in the United States.
Answer: The statement is true, since new oil fields have been discovered in Alaska since the middle of the 20th century.
3. In the US and Canada, the farming type of agriculture dominates.
Answer: The statement is true.
4. The US transportation system is the same type as the transportation system foreign Europe.
No. The transportation system of the United States, together with Canada, forms the North American type of transportation system. This type is characterized by the development of all types of transport, a large volume and range of transportation, a relatively low density of roads and a large role of road transport. The framework of this network is formed by transcontinental highways of the latitudinal and meridional directions.
5. The St. Lawrence River connects the Great Lakes with New York.
Answer: False. The St. Lawrence River connects the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean.
6. Atlanta has the largest airport in the world.
Answer: True. Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport (Atlanta) is the largest airport in the world in terms of passenger traffic.
7. The population of Canada is 1/2 of the population of the United States.
Answer: False. The population of the United States is 323 million people (2016 data), the population of Canada is 36 million people (2016 data). Thus, the US population is almost 9 times the population of Canada.
Can you:
1. Find on the map the US cities mentioned in the main text of topic 9, and arrange them from east to west from memory?
Answer: Boston, New York, Washington, Pittsburgh, Cleveland, Detroit, Chicago, San Diego, Los Angeles, San Francisco.
2. Give examples of "dairy", "corn", "wheat", "orange", "pineapple", "apple", "cotton" US states?
Answer: The wheat belt was formed on the Great Plains, the main "wheat" states are North and South Dakota, Kansas. The corn belt originated in the north of the Central Plains, where soil and climatic conditions are exceptionally favorable for the cultivation of this crop. The leading states in the cultivation of corn are Iowa (called the "corn" state), Illinois, Indiana. The milk belt was formed in the Lake District and the states of the Northeast. The dairy states are Wisconsin, Michigan, and Minnesota. The Cotton Belt formed along the lower Mississippi. Mississippi is considered the main "cotton" state. Florida is the leading citrus (orange) producing state. The Pineapple State is Hawaii. More than half of the apples in the United States are grown in the state of Washington, which allows it to be called the main "apple" state.
3. Say which of the following indicators characterizes the share of the West in the area of the entire country (in%): 20, 36, 49, 64?
Answer: 64%.
4. What are the four main features of the US GWP?
The US EGP at all stages favored the development of the country. This is due to the presence of a wide front maritime borders(12 thousand km), excellent natural harbors and especially the position of the main territory between the two oceans. Land borders with Canada and Mexico pass along conditional lines, rivers and lakes, contributing to the development of trade and economic ties.
5. From the list below, select US states facing the coast Pacific Ocean: 1) Montana, 2) Arizona, 3) Wyoming, 4) Utah, 5) California, 6) New Mexico, 7) Washington, 8) Oregon?
Answer: California, Washington, Oregon.
6. Indicate what three ethnic groups stand out in the composition of the US population?
Answer: Three groups: US Americans, transitional immigrant groups (people who have relatively recently moved to the US), aboriginal residents (Indians, Eskimos, etc.)
7. Arrange in descending order the five largest US metropolitan areas by population: 1) Chicago, 2) Los Angeles, 3) New York, 4) Dallas, 5) Miami?
Answer: 1st place in terms of population is the New York agglomeration, 2nd place is Los Angeles, 3rd place is Chicago, 4th place is Dallas, 5th place is Miami.
8. Explain what is meant by the expression "second US economy"?
The "Second US Economy" refers to the network of international manufacturing and commercial activities created by US corporations through direct investment in other countries. In terms of total production of goods and services, it significantly outperforms other developed countries.
9. What are the four groups of industries that characterize the face of Canada in the international geographical division of labor?
Answer: 1 - mining industry, 2 - non-ferrous metallurgy, 3 - woodworking and pulp and paper industry, 4 - agriculture and food industry.
10. List the types of minerals for which Canada is a world producer and exporter?
Answer: Canada is the world leader in the extraction of cobalt, potash salts, and asbestos. It also occupies a leading position in the extraction of uranium, zinc ores and sulfur (2nd place), 3rd place in the production of natural gas and platinoids, 4th place in the extraction copper ore and gold, 5th in lead ores, 7th in silver mining. The leading sectors of the country's mining industry also include oil and gas.
Use the text of the textbook and maps to answer the questions:
1. In what parts of the US are people most likely to be employed in: 1) oil production, 2) aerospace industry, 3) raising broiler chickens?
Answer: 1 - Pacific coast (California), Gulf Coast states (Texas, Louisiana), Alaska; 2 - the Pacific coast (California with the "aerospace capital" of the USA - Los Angeles, Washington state (Seattle); 3 - the North-East of the country (Georgia and Arkansas).
2. Which transcontinental railways is it possible to cross the US and Canada in a latitudinal direction?
Answer: Canada can be crossed by the Canadian Pacific Railway, which connects Vancouver (in the west of Canada) and Montreal (in the east), and is also present in major US cities such as Minneapolis, Chicago and New York. The United States is crossed by the First US Transcontinental Road, which was built in the 1860s and connected the central and western states of the country with the California coast of the Pacific Ocean.
3. What natural, socio-economic and historical reasons contributed to the development of the US Northeast?
Answer: The states of the Northeast region are in a temperate climate, which is characterized by moderate rainfall, the absence of too low and high temperatures. Also, it was from the territory of these states that the settlement of America began. Today, the development of these states is influenced by the presence in this region of the large Boswash agglomeration, which includes the "economic" center of the United States - New York.
Imagine:
1. That you have visited one of the big cities in the USA or Canada. Describe it.
Ottawa is the capital of Canada. It is located in the eastern part of the province of Ontario on the banks of the Ottawa River, along which the border between the provinces of Ontario and Quebec passes. The city was founded in the 1820s as a camp for soldiers and craftsmen who were building the Rideau Canal, and in 1850 received the official status of a city of lumberjacks and timber rafting. Since December 31, 1857, Ottawa has been the capital of the united province of Canada, since 1867 it has been the capital of the state of Canada. In the future, the city developed as a transport and industrial center, and in the second half of the 20th century it underwent a large-scale restructuring aimed at improving the urban ecology. Ottawa is a young city and does not have many architectural monuments. The oldest building in the city is the Bytown Museum, housed in a former military depot. The houses of the middle of the 19th century in the central part of the city are of historical value. In the historical center of the city is the main attraction of the city - Parliament Hill. It houses a complex of parliamentary buildings, made in the Gothic style. The complex was built in 1922. In the morning hours, the ceremony of changing the guard of honor takes place on Parliament Hill. AT winter time An ice skating rink opens on a 7.8 km section of the canal, passing through the historic center of Ottawa. This is the longest skating rink in the world. South of Parliament Hill is the Canadian Museum of Natural History - the main natural history museum in the country. It exhibits a variety of plant and animal species from around the world, both modern and ancient, as well as geological collections.
2. That you wanted to get to know the US industry. What cities do you need to visit to visit: 1) an aircraft factory, 2) a large electronics manufacturing plant, 3) an automobile factory, 4) a petrochemical plant, 5) a ferrous metallurgy plant?
Answer: 1 - cities in the east of the USA (Cincinnati, Indianapolis, New York, Buffalo) and cities in the west of the USA (Sacramento, Phoenix, Seattle); 2 – enterprises for the production of electronic products are more evenly distributed throughout the country than enterprises in other industries, but such cities as Los Angeles, Chicago, New York, Boston stand out the most; 3 - Detroit and surrounding cities; 4 - cities of such states as Texas (Beaumont, Odessa, Houston), Louisiana (Baton Rouge), Oklahoma; 5 - cities of the North-East of the USA: Pittsburgh, Youngstown, Cleveland, Detroit, etc.
3. That you had the opportunity to work at: 1) a cattle ranch, 2) a tobacco plantation, 3) a sawmill. Which states in the US or provinces in Canada would you need to go to?
1 - in the USA we will visit the state of Wisconsin, Minnesota, Illinois, in Canada the province of Alberta,
2 - in the USA we will visit the states of Virginia, Georgia, Kentucky, and in Canada the province of Ontario,
3 - in the USA we are the Northwestern states (Washington, Oregon), and in Canada such provinces as British Columbia, Quebec, Ontario.
Fill in the gaps in the following phrases:
1. The economic capital of the United States is considered ..., but it is increasingly competing with ...
Answer: New York is considered, Los Angeles competes.
2. Most of the Midwest borders on... and..., the two main waterways of North America.
Answer: goes to the Mississippi and Missouri.
3. Important crops in the US South include...
Answer: refers to cotton.
4. In the Canadian province... most of the inhabitants speak French.
Report number 9.
^ NORTH AMERICA.
1. Using the text of the textbook and the maps in the atlas, characterize the US EGP. Apply the standard plan for characterizing the country's (region's) EGP on p.222.
2. Using figure 87 of the textbook, write down the five main "oil" states of the United States.
3. Using the data from the tables and figures of topic 5 and the tables of the "Appendices", make the necessary calculations, make a bar (bar) or pie chart in your notebook showing the US share in world industrial and agricultural production for certain types of products. Analyze them.
4. Using figure 88 of the textbook, make a table "The main areas of the US iron and steel industry":
From Figure 28, determine from which countries the United States imports iron ore. What caused it?
5. Using the text, figure 89 and other textbook drawings, as well as the economic map of the United States in the atlas, make a table "US industrial belts":
6. By overlaying figure 90 in the textbook and the map of the administrative-territorial division of the United States in the atlas, determine:
A) two main "wheat" states;
B) the main "corn" state.
7. Using the materials of topic 9, determine the main typological features of the population and economy of the USA and Canada. Present them in the form of a table:
| Countries | Type of population reproduction | National composition population | Level of urbanization | The level of development of the economy | Sectoral structure of the economy | Territorial structure of the economy |
| USA | ||||||
| Canada |
8. Plot on a contour map of North America:
A) the largest cities;
B) Main seaports;
B) transcontinental railroads
9. List the industry groups and minerals for which Canada is a global producer and exporter.
10. Prepare messages (optional): "Statue of Liberty", "US Flag".
Report number 10.
^ LATIN AMERICA.
1. Using the "business card" on the flyleaf of the textbook, make a table "Countries of Latin America":
2. Using the text, figures 12-14 of the textbook and maps of fertility, mortality and natural population growth in the atlas, characterize the reproduction of the population of Latin America.
3. Using figures 17, 18, tables 3 and 9 of the textbook and tables 16, 17 of the Appendix, as well as the urbanization map in the atlas, determine the most and least urbanized countries in Latin America. Make a table "The level of urbanization of Latin American countries":
4. Using the text of the textbook and the economic map of Latin America in the atlas, plot the main countries specializing in production and export on the contour map of the region:
iron ore;
copper ore;
bauxite;
Tin ores;
Saltpeter.
5. Using the text of the textbook, the physical and economic maps of Latin America in the atlas, plot the main countries specializing in production on the contour map of the region:
cocoa beans;
bananas;
Wheat;
Corn;
meat.
6. Using text and drawings from the textbook, as well as maps from the atlas, identify similarities and differences between Mexico, Brazil and Argentina. Arrange the results in the form of a table:
Report number 11.
^ GLOBAL PROBLEMS OF HUMANITY.
1. Familiarize yourself with the content of topic 11 of the textbook. Write down concepts in your notebook "globalization", "global problems".
2. Make a plan-scheme for the classification of global problems of mankind (p. 352).
3. Based on the acquired knowledge, make a concise reference table "Characteristics of the global problems of mankind" in the following form:
| ^ Global problem | The essence of the problem | Causes | Ways to solve the problem |
| 1. Peace and disarmament | |||
| 2. Environmental | |||
| 3. Demographic | |||
| 4. Energy and raw materials | |||
| 5. Peaceful space exploration | |||
| 6. Catching up with developing countries | |||
| 7. Use of the oceans | |||
| 8. Food |
4. Using the content of the textbook, periodicals and other sources of information, prepare a written abstract (message) on one of the topics:
"On the way to a nuclear-free and secure world".
Problems of human health and longevity.
"The cosmic threat is a threat to all mankind."
"Demographic situation in Russia".
"Energy and raw material problems: solutions".
"The problem of food is the problem of each of us."
1 For the convenience of finding the necessary information, the page numbers of the textbook are indicated in brackets. In the case of using textbooks published earlier than 2004, the page numbers indicated in brackets may not match.
2 In some tasks, several (more than one) options for the correct answer are allowed.
Report number 9.
NORTH AMERICA.
1. Using the text of the textbook and the maps in the atlas, characterize the US EGP. Apply the standard plan for characterizing the country's (region's) EGP on p.222.
2. Using figure 87 of the textbook, write down the five main "oil" states of the United States.
3. Using the data from the tables and figures of topic 5 and the tables of the "Appendices", make the necessary calculations, make a bar (bar) or pie chart in your notebook showing the US share in world industrial and agricultural production for certain types of products. Analyze them.
4. Using figure 88 of the textbook, make a table "The main areas of the US iron and steel industry":
From Figure 28, determine from which countries the United States imports iron ore. What caused it?
5. Using the text, figure 89 and other textbook drawings, as well as the economic map of the United States in the atlas, make a table "US industrial belts":
6. By overlaying figure 90 in the textbook and the map of the administrative-territorial division of the United States in the atlas, determine:
A) two main "wheat" states;
B) the main "corn" state.
7. Using the materials of topic 9, determine the main typological features of the population and economy of the USA and Canada. Present them in the form of a table:
| Countries | Type of population reproduction | National composition of the population | Level of urbanization | The level of development of the economy | Sectoral structure of the economy | Territorial structure of the economy |
| USA | ||||||
| Canada |
8. Plot on a contour map of North America:
A) the largest cities;
B) Main seaports;
B) transcontinental railroads
9. List the industry groups and minerals for which Canada is a global producer and exporter.
10. Prepare messages (optional): "Statue of Liberty", "US Flag".
Report number 10.
LATIN AMERICA.
1. Using the "business card" on the flyleaf of the textbook, make a table "Countries of Latin America":
2. Using the text, figures 12-14 of the textbook and maps of fertility, mortality and natural population growth in the atlas, characterize the reproduction of the population of Latin America.
3. Using figures 17, 18, tables 3 and 9 of the textbook and tables 16, 17 of the Appendix, as well as the urbanization map in the atlas, determine the most and least urbanized countries in Latin America. Make a table "The level of urbanization of Latin American countries":
4. Using the text of the textbook and the economic map of Latin America in the atlas, plot the main countries specializing in production and export on the contour map of the region:
iron ore;
copper ore;
bauxite;
Tin ores;
Saltpeter.
5. Using the text of the textbook, the physical and economic maps of Latin America in the atlas, plot the main countries specializing in production on the contour map of the region:
cocoa beans;
bananas;
Wheat;
Corn;
meat.
6. Using text and drawings from the textbook, as well as maps from the atlas, identify similarities and differences between Mexico, Brazil and Argentina. Arrange the results in the form of a table:
Report number 11.
GLOBAL PROBLEMS OF HUMANITY.
1. Familiarize yourself with the content of topic 11 of the textbook. Write down concepts in your notebook "globalization", "global problems".
2. Make a plan-scheme for the classification of global problems of mankind (p. 352).
3. Based on the acquired knowledge, make a concise reference table "Characteristics of the global problems of mankind" in the following form:
| Global problem | The essence of the problem | Causes | Ways to solve the problem |
| 1. Peace and disarmament | |||
| 2. Environmental | |||
| 3. Demographic | |||
| 4. Energy and raw materials | |||
| 5. Peaceful space exploration | |||
| 6. Catching up with developing countries | |||
| 7. Use of the oceans | |||
| 8. Food |
4. Using the content of the textbook, periodicals and other sources of information, prepare a written abstract (message) on one of the topics:
"On the way to a nuclear-free and secure world".
Problems of human health and longevity.
"The cosmic threat is a threat to all mankind."
"Demographic situation in Russia".
"Energy and raw material problems: solutions".
"The problem of food is the problem of each of us."
1 For the convenience of finding the necessary information, the page numbers of the textbook are indicated in brackets. In the case of using textbooks published earlier than 2004, the page numbers indicated in brackets may not match.
2 In some tasks, several (more than one) options for the correct answer are allowed.
Exercise 1. Using the text of the textbook and maps of the atlas, describe the US EGP. Is it really beneficial? Why do you think so? Apply the standard plan for characterizing the country's (region's) EGP on p. 222.
Task 2 Using the text of the textbook and figures 83-86, describe the largest
(creative most urban agglomerations and metropolitan areas of the United States. Calculate the proportion of three
something!). megalopolises in the area and population of the country, compare the population density in megalopolises with the national average, draw conclusions. Choose from the text and figures of topic 3 those provisions and figures that are appropriate to use when characterizing urbanization in the United States.
Additional Make a crossword "States and cities of the USA".
task (for pleasure).
Task 3. Using the data in the tables and figures of topic 5 and the tables of the "Appendices", make the necessary calculations, make a bar (bar) or pie chart in your notebook showing the share of the United States in world industrial and agricultural production for certain types of products. Analyze them.
Task 4. Using the text from your textbook and a map of US mineral resources in an atlas, prove that US mineral resources contribute to the development of a diversified industry. Illustrate the following phrase of the textbook: "The main wealth of the eastern part is fuel minerals, the western one is ore." Apply the standard plan for characterizing the natural prerequisites for the development of the country's (region's) industry on p. 222.
Add- Using data on reserves and production of coal, oil, natural gas, iron
body for- ore in the USA, calculate the availability of them (in years). Taking advantage given (us- data in the text of the textbook and in table 1, calculate the share of the United States in the world false). explored reserves of coal, oil, natural gas, iron ore. What conclusions can be drawn from this analysis?
Task 5. Using Figure 87, name the top five oil states in the United States. Determine in which of them oil production is also carried out on the continental shelf. Try to explain the configuration of the existing system of oil pipelines, the reasons for the construction of the Trans-Alaska oil pipeline, which was built in the 70s. From Figure 25, determine where the United States imports oil and petroleum products from. What explains this? Apply a typical plan for the characteristics of the industry of the country (region).
Task 6. Using Figure 88, compile in your notebook a concise and reference table "The main areas of the US steel industry" in the following form:
Task 7. According to Figure 28, determine from which countries the United States imports iron ore. What caused it?
Use the economic map of the United States and the world engineering map in the atlas to specify the characteristics of engineering contained in the text of the textbook. Determine by them the largest centers of this industry. Illustrate the textbook's position that the main engineering regions coincide with the US metropolitan areas.
Add- Using the same cards, make a summary and reference in your notebook
body for- table "Structure of mechanical engineering in the largest centers of this industry given (complicated). in the USA".
Task 8. Using the text, figure 89 and other drawings of the textbook, as well as the economic map of the United States in the atlas, compile a concise and reference table "US Industrial Belts" in the notebook in the following form:
Formulate and record conclusions.
Task 9. Using Figure 90, describe the location of US crop production. By overlaying Figure 90 and the US political division map in the atlas, determine: 1) the two main "wheat" states (one for spring, the other for winter wheat), 2) the main "corn" state.
Task 10. Using the plans of downtown New York and Washington in the atlas and
(creative additional sources of information, prepare a report on cultural
something!).-historical and architectural sights of one of these cities. As a "guide" take a short "tour" around the city.
Task 11. Based on the text and drawings of the textbook and maps of the atlas, give a brief
(creative a written description of one of the US macrodistricts (according to one's own
something!) choice).
Add- Imagine that you have taken "journeys" around the USA - along
body for- parallels 40° N sh. and along the meridian 100° W. e. Describe the routes.
dacha (for pleasure). Use additional literature.
Task 12 Carefully review the text and figures of part I of the textbook and tables
(creative"Applications". Choose from them all related to Canada. Use
something!). Atlas maps for Canada. Based on these materials, complete the brief socio-economic description of this country given in the textbook. Apply the sample country profile plan on p. 329.
Task 13 1. (Work in a notebook.) Using the materials of topic 9, name the main
(final). typological features of the population and economy of the USA and Canada. Present them in the form of the following table:
Work with this table, make a generalization.
2. (Work on a contour map.) Put on the contour map of North America (optional): 1) the largest cities, 2) the main seaports, 3) transcontinental railways. You can expand this list at your own discretion.
3. Determine what types of thematic maps in the textbook and atlas you used when studying this topic. Which of them are new to you?
4. Based on the text of the textbook and figure 81, describe the Central Business District of an American city.
SELF-CONTROL AND MUTUAL CONTROL UNIT
Explain why:
1. The Northeast of the United States was called the "workshop of the nation."
2. A significant part of the heavy industry of the USA and Canada is concentrated in the Great Lakes region.
3. US aluminum smelters are located in the Tennessee and Columbia river valleys.
4. The specialization of agriculture in the US and Canada changes as you move from east to west.
5. Florida, California and Hawaii attract the most tourists.
6. In the United States and Canada, in recent decades, interest in the development of the regions of the North has increased.
What problems arise:
1. Due to the accelerated industrialization of the South and West of the USA?
2. Due to the fact that the US economy is becoming increasingly dependent on imports of oil, iron ore and other raw materials and fuels?
Do you agree with the following statements:
1. Megalopolis "Boswash" - the largest urban area in the US?
2. Recently, Alaska has become an important oil production area in the US?
3. Is farming dominant in the US and Canada?
4. Is the US transportation system of the same type as the transportation system of foreign Europe?
5. Does the St. Lawrence River connect the Great Lakes to New York?
6. Is Atlanta the largest airport in the world?
7. Is Canada's population 1/2 the size of the US?
Can you:
1. Find on the map the US cities mentioned in the main text of topic 9, and arrange them from east to west from memory?
2. Give examples of "dairy", "corn", "wheat", "orange", "pineapple", "apple", "cotton" US states?
3. Apply to the contour map New England, Far West, California?
4. Say which of the following indicators characterizes the share of the West in the area of the entire country (in%): 20, 36, 49, 64?
5. List the types of minerals for which Canada is a global producer and exporter?
Use the text of the textbook and maps to answer the questions:
1. Which parts of the US are most likely to employment people in: 1) oil production, 2) the aerospace industry, 3) raising broiler chickens?
2. Which transcontinental railroads can be used to cross the US and Canada in a latitudinal direction?
3. What natural, socio-economic and historical reasons contributed to the development of the US Northeast?
Imagine:
1. That you have visited one of the big cities in the USA or Canada. Describe it.
2. That you wanted to get to know the US industry. What cities do you need to visit to visit: 1) an aircraft factory, 2) a large electronics factory, 3) an automobile factory, 4) a petrochemical plant, 5) a steel mill?
3. That you had the opportunity to work at: 1) a cattle ranch, 2) a tobacco plantation, 3) a sawmill. Which states in the US or provinces in Canada would you need to go to?
Fill in the gaps in the following phrases:
1. The economic capital of the United States is considered to be ..., but it is increasingly competing with ... .
2. Most of the Midwest borders on... and..., the two main waterways of North America.
3. Among the important crops of the South of the USA is ....
4. In the Canadian province... most of the inhabitants speak French.
METHODOLOGICAL KEYS TO TOPIC 9
What needs to be remembered
1. political map and peoples of North America. (Geography, grade 7.) 2. Features of the physical and geographical position, relief, minerals, climate, waters, soils and vegetation of North America. (Geography, grade 7.) 3. Features historical development North America in late XIX- the first half of the XX century. (History, grades 8, 9.) 4. Materials of part I of this textbook. 5. Concepts and terms: reserve, farmer.
What you need to know
Topic 9 Leading Ideas:
1. As a result of the collapse of the world socialist system and Soviet Union the US role in world politics and economics has increased. 2. New relations between Russia, other countries with economies in transition and the United States have become an important factor in international stability and have changed the entire world political situation for the better.
Main scientific knowledge topics 9:
1. Character traits EGP, geography of natural resources and population of the USA. 2. general characteristics US economy. 3. The main features of the geography of industry, agriculture, transport, nature management in the United States, the main industrial and agricultural regions. 4. Macroregionalization of the USA and the appearance of each of the four macroregions. 5. Brief economic and geographical characteristics of Canada. 6. Keywords of the topic: 1) North American type of city, 2) "second economy", 3) gross national product, 4) stage specialization, 5) North American type of transport network, 6) industrial belt, 7) agricultural belt, 8) focal type of land development.
What you need to know
1. Describe urban agglomerations and megalopolises. 2. Describe the industry of the country. 3. Give a brief economic and geographical description of the country. 4. Compile a written economic and geographical description.
Instructions and plans for mastering the skills of independent academic work
1. Plan for the characteristics of the industry of the country (region):
1. The importance of the industry and the size of its products. 2. Natural prerequisites for the development of the industry. 3. Structure of the industry. 4. The main factors influencing the location of the industry, and the main features of its geography; sectoral industrial areas. 5. Dependence of the industry on exports and imports. 6. General conclusion; prospects for the development of the industry.
2. Plan for the characteristics of an individual country:
1. The main features of the EGP. 2. Economic assessment of natural conditions and resources. 3. The main features of reproduction, structure and distribution of the population. 4. General characteristics of the economy. 5. The main features of the location of the industry. 6. The main features of the location of agriculture. 7. The main features of the geography of transport. 8. Main economic regions. 9. The role and geography of foreign economic relations. 10. General conclusion; development prospects.
Theme 10. LATIN AMERICA
BLOCK OF OBTAINING KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS
Exercise 1. According to the "visiting card" on the flyleaf of the textbook, determine the forms of government and the administrative-territorial structure of the countries of Latin America; make a table in your notebook. Compare these countries with the countries of foreign Asia and Africa and try to explain the differences.
Task 2. Using the map of the world's mineral resources and the economic map of Latin America in the atlas and tables 3, 4 and 5 in the "Appendices", characterize the composition of minerals in its individual subregions. Explain the similarities and differences.
Add- Determine the main territorial combinations of minerals
body for- Latin America and plot them on a contour map. What are the prerequisites Denmark(us- they create for the development of industry, for the development of new resource false). districts?
Task 3. Use figures 7-9 of the textbook, tables 6, 7 and 8 of the "Appendices" and maps of land, agro-climatic and water resources in the atlas to specify the characteristics of renewable natural resources region.
Task 4. Using figures 12-14 of the textbook and maps of fertility, mortality and natural increase in the population in the atlas, specify the provisions of the textbook related to population reproduction.
Topic 7. FOREIGN ASIA. AUSTRALIA
Task 1. Using the "visiting card" of the countries of foreign Asia on the flyleaf of the textbook, specify the characteristics of their political system. Based on knowledge from history courses, explain why in no other part of the world have so many absolute monarchies been preserved as in overseas Asia. Plot republics and monarchies on a contour map. Label the federal states. See also Table 2 of the Appendix.
Addition- Using table 1 in the "Appendices", put on a contour map
foreign countries of foreign Asia that gained political independence after
denmark (us- World War II. Write down the dates of independence and false). compare countries of four sub-regions.
Task 2. Using the maps of the atlas, determine what types of minerals the countries of foreign Asia have. Distribute them among the main countries and draw conclusions about the "completeness" and "incompleteness" of the composition of their mineral resources. Give examples of territorial combinations of these resources. Use also tables 3, 4 and 5 in the "Appendices".
Task 3. Based on the text of the textbook, a physical map of foreign Asia, as well as maps of land, water and agro-climatic resources of the world in the atlas and table 6 in the "Appendices", characterize the natural conditions for the development of agriculture in foreign Asia. Apply a typical characteristic plan natural conditions for the development of agriculture in the country (region) on p. 272. Also use the knowledge gained in the study of the geography of continents and oceans in the 7th grade.
Task 5. Complete the characteristics of the population of foreign Asia with the figures and facts contained in figures 17, 18 and in tables 2 and 3 of the textbook, as well as on the atlas maps and in tables 11-17 of the "Appendices".
Task 6. Using the economic map of Southwest Asia in the atlas and figure 61 of the textbook, describe the location oil industry in this subregion. Name the main oil fields, oil refining centers, oil pipelines, seaports through which oil is exported.
Task 7. Using the map of China in the atlas, determine with which states this country has land borders. Compare it by the number of neighboring countries with Russia.
Task 8. Using the text of the textbook, the “visiting card” on its flyleaf, the drawings of the textbook, the table in the “Appendices” and the maps of the atlas, describe the population of China. State the main facts, draw conclusions. Apply the model plan for characterizing the population of a country (region) on p. 272.
Add- Using the following toponymic dictionary, "decipher" the names
body for- some provinces of China, indicated in Figure 65: "bay" - north, dacha (for"nan" - south, "tung" - east, "si" - west, "shan" - mountain, "yuan" and "ning"
pleasure).- plain, "he" and "jiang" - river, "hu" - lake, "yun" - cloud.
For example: "Hebei" - "north of the river" (Huanghe).
Task 9. Using the figures and tables in part I of the textbook, as well as table 23 in the "Appendices", draw up a table diagram for China following the model of figure 59 for Japan.
Task 10. Using the atlas maps, give examples of the largest industrial centers representing the main sectors of China's heavy industry.
Add- Plot these centers on the contour map. Think about their reasons.
telny task (complicated). occurrence.
Task 11. Using the agro-climatic map of the world and the economic map of Central and East Asia in the atlas, determine:
1) within which agro-climatic zones the territory of China is located; 2) what crops are typical for it; 3) where are the main areas of their cultivation. Try to name the main reasons for their specialization.
Add- Draw on the contour map the main areas of cultivation of rice, wheat
telny task (complicated). and tea in China. Explain their placement.
Task 12. Using the text of the textbook, figure 65 and maps of the atlas, give a comparative description of the three economic zones of China.
Add- Imagine that you are a tour guide and you are assigned to
body for- tour of the center of Beijing. Using the text of the textbook, Beijing's plan dacha (for atlas and additional sources of information, prepare
pleasure). material for such an excursion and "spend" it with your comrades.
Task 13. Using the text of the textbook, the political map of the world and the economic map of Japan in the atlas, characterize the EGP of Japan. Apply the standard plan for characterizing the country's (region's) EGP on p. 222.
Add- Using the text and drawings of the textbook, as well as the maps of the atlas, give
body for- comparative characteristics of the EGP of Japan and Great Britain; define given (complicated). similarities and differences.
Task 14. Using the text of the textbook and Figure 69, characterize the structure of Japan's exports and imports. Using the figures in Topic 5, describe the main fuel and raw material imports to Japan.
Task 16. The usual tourist route in Japan includes Tokyo, Osaka, Kyoto,
(creative Hiroshima. But he does not give a complete picture of this country. Using
something!). text and pictures of the textbook, as well as additional sources of information, make an itinerary that would show both faces of Japan.
Task 17. Using the text of the textbook, figure 74, tables 14, 16, 17 in the "Appendices" and the map of the peoples of India in the atlas, describe the population of India. Name the cities-"millionaires". Calculate the average population density in 1951, 1981, 1991 and 2001. Compare the findings and explain what they show.
Task 18. Using the text of the textbook, physical map Asia and the economic map of South and Southeast Asia in the atlas, describe the agriculture of India. Apply the model plan for the characteristics of agriculture of the country (region) on p. 242.
Add- Using the map in the atlas, plot the areas of cultivation on the contour map.
body for- rice, wheat, millet, cotton, jute, sugarcane, tea. given (us- Determine which areas (types) of agriculture in foreign Asia
false). presented in India.
Task 19. Carefully review the text and pictures of part I of the textbook and choose from
(creative- all of them pertaining to Australia. Use atlas maps for Australia
skoe!). and application tables. Based on these materials, complete the brief socio-economic description of this country given in the textbook.
Task 20. 1. (Work in a notebook.) Make a logical summary of one of
(final). paragraphs of topic 7.
2. (Work on a contour map.) Using the text and drawings of the textbook, make a chart: "The most important products supplied by the countries of foreign Asia to the world market." Show with arrows the export of mining, manufacturing and agricultural products.
3. Choose one of the countries of foreign Asia that you would like to visit. Pick up interesting material on this country. Describe it - as if from personal impressions.
4. Determine what types of thematic maps in the textbook and atlas you used when studying topic 7.
5. Using figure 73 in your textbook, describe a dry coastal sea in Japan.
Try to answer:
1. Why, of all economically developed countries, the "shift to the sea" of the economy received the most vivid expression in Japan? Why did Japan become a pioneer in the construction of supertankers, coal carriers, ore carriers, car carriers?
2. Why is the population density in South and Southeast Asia the highest in the valleys and deltas of the rivers?
3. Why has animal husbandry become the main branch of the Mongolian economy?
4. Why can the Mekong River be called the "Danube of Asia"?
5. How does the specialization of China's agriculture change as you move from north to south? from east to west?
6. Why does the extractive industry account for only 0.3% of Japan's industrial structure?
7. Why do they say: “To know India, one must live in the countryside”?
8. Why in Australia are mastered mainly near-ocean territories?
Check if the following statements are correct and, if necessary, give the correct answer:
1. Every fifth inhabitant of the Earth is Chinese.
2. Japan, unlike other Asian countries, is characterized by the first type of population reproduction.
3. South Asia is the most multinational and multilingual region in the world.
4. Japan has become a leading industrial power with only one type of resource - labor resources.
5. Peasants in the monsoon regions of Asia grow wheat and barley.
6. Australia ranks second in the world in terms of sheep and first in wool production.
Choose the correct answer:
1. The bowels of the countries of Southwest Asia are rich in: oil, natural gas, iron ore, uranium, non-ferrous metal ores.
2. Among the agricultural products of South Asia stand out: rice, bananas, dates, wheat, tea, cotton, wool.
3. The most economically developed of the four main Japanese islands is: 1) about. Hokkaido, 2) about. Khonshu, 3) about. Kyushu, 4) about. Shikoku.
Eliminate wrong answers:
Japan exports: ferrous metals, cars, ships, electronics, coal, oil, iron ore, timber, livestock products.
Can you:
1. Place the following countries, mentioned in the text and on text maps, on the contour map of the world from memory: Mongolia, North Korea, Thailand, Singapore, Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Syria, Turkey, Israel?
2. Show on the map the following cities mentioned in the text and on text maps: Shanghai, Osaka, Jakarta, Bangkok, Mumbai, Kabul, Riyadh, Istanbul, Sydney, Melbourne?
3. Indicate which of the following countries are newly industrialized countries: North Korea, Cambodia, Republic of Korea, Singapore, Iraq?
4. Which of the following capital cities are seaside cities: Ulaanbaatar, Beijing, Tokyo, Seoul, Hanoi, Delhi, Baghdad, Ankara, Beirut?
5. Name five major cities Australia?
1. The country ranks first in the world in terms of average population density (excluding microstates).
2. The country ranks first in the world in terms of oil reserves.
3. The country ranks first in the world in terms of irrigated land.
4. A mainland country that is part of the Commonwealth.
METHODOLOGICAL KEYS TO TOPIC 7
What needs to be remembered
1.Political map, peoples and countries of foreign Asia. (Geography, grade 7.) 2. Features of the physical and geographical position, relief, minerals, climate, waters, soils and vegetation of foreign Asia and Australia, natural zones within them. (Geography, grade 7.) 3. The states of Asia in antiquity and the Middle Ages. (History, grades 5, 6.) 4. Features of the historical development of China, India and Japan in the late XIX - first half of the XX century. (History, grades 8, 9.) 5. Materials of part I of the textbook. 6. Concepts and terms: climatic zones, monsoons, soil erosion, land reclamation, rainfed agriculture, reservation.
What you need to know
Topic 7 Leading Ideas:
1. In recent decades, the role of the countries of foreign Asia and the Asia-Pacific region in world politics and the economy has been increasing all the time. 2. Separate large cultural regions have historically developed on the territory of foreign Asia.
The main scientific knowledge of topic 7:
1.Characteristic features of the economic and geographical position, geography of natural conditions and resources, population, industry, agriculture, environmental problems of foreign Asia and four subregions. 2. Economic and socio-geographical characteristics of China. 3. Economic and socio-geographical characteristics of Japan. 4. Economic and socio-geographical characteristics of India. 5. Brief overview of Australia. 6. Keywords of the topic: 1) interethnic and religious conflict, 2) separatism, 3) eastern (Asian) city type, 4) megalopolis, 5) "growth pole".
What you need to know
1. Describe the natural prerequisites for the development of agriculture in the country (region). 2. Give a description of the country's (region's) agriculture. 3. Describe the population of the country (region). 4. Make a logical summary of a part of the text of the textbook. 5. Make maps.
Instructions and plans for mastering the skills of independent study.
1. Plan for the characteristics of natural conditions for the agricultural economy of the country (region):
1. Territory relief conditions and their influence on the location of agriculture. 2. Agro-climatic characteristics of the territory. 3. Soil and vegetation conditions of the territory. 4. Overall score natural prerequisites for the development of agriculture.
2. Plan for the characteristics of agriculture of the country (region):
1. The importance of the industry and the size of the products. 2. Natural conditions for the development of the industry. 3. Features of agrarian relations. 4. The structure of the industry, the ratio of crop and livestock. 5. Geography of plant growing and animal husbandry, agricultural regions (zones). 6. Dependence of the country on the export and import of agricultural products. 7. General conclusion and prospects for the development of the industry.
3. Plan for the characteristics of the population of the country (region):
1. Number, type of population reproduction, demographic policy. 2. Age and sex composition of the population, availability of labor resources. 3. National (ethnic) composition of the population. 4. Social and class composition of the population. 5. The main features of the distribution of the population, the impact of migration on this distribution. 6. Levels, rates and forms of urbanization, main cities and urban agglomerations. 7. Rural resettlement. 8. General conclusion. Prospects for population growth and labor supply.
Theme 8. AFRICA
BJIOK KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS
Exercise 1. Using Table 1 in the Appendix, plot the African countries that gained political independence after World War II on a contour map. Indicate the dates of independence and compare in this respect the countries of North and Tropical Africa.
Add- Using the "business card" on the flyleaf of the textbook, select the appropriate
body for- the existing "pairs" of countries in Africa and foreign Europe, approximately equal in
giving (for pleasure). by the size of the territory.
Task 2. Using the maps of the atlas and tables 3-5 of the "Appendices", classify the countries of Africa according to the degree of their wealth in minerals. Make a table in the following form:
Draw conclusions about the provision of these countries with raw materials and fuel for the development of heavy industry.
Add- Using the same sources, determine the main territorial combinations
body for- mineral. Describe the composition of fossils in each of them; given (us- try to connect it with the tectonic structure of the territory. Apply false). combinations of minerals on a contour map.
Task 3. Using figures 7, 8 and 9, tables 6, 7 and 8 in the "Appendices" and maps of the atlas, specify and complete the characteristics of land, water and agro-climatic resources of Africa contained in the text of the textbook.
Task 4. Using Table 3, quantify the "urban explosion" in Africa. What conclusions can be drawn from these calculations?
Add- Prepare a summary of the report on the topic: "Population of Africa." Use
body for- text and drawings of topics 3 and 8 of the textbook, maps of the atlas, tables of "Appendices", given (complicated). additional literature.
Task 5. Analyze figure 77. Using the economic map of Africa in the atlas, indicate specifically which ore, non-metallic minerals, food products and types of agricultural raw materials determine the monocultural specialization of each of the countries indicated in the graph.
Task 6. Based on the physical and economic maps of Africa in the atlas, determine: 1) the main areas of the mining industry in Africa and their specialization, 2) the main areas of commercial agriculture and their specialization, 3) trans-African transport routes. Also use the drawings of topic 5 of the textbook.
Add- Using the maps of the atlas, make a table in your notebook "Zonal special-
body for- zation of export and consumer crops in
giving (creative!) Africa" in the following form:
Draw all possible conclusions from the analysis of this table.
Task 7. Using the text of the textbook and the plan of Cairo in the atlas, prepare a message
(creative on the theme "Cairo - an Arab city North Africa". Use also
something!). additional sources of information.
Add- Imagine that you have taken a journey down the Nile from Aswan to
body for- mouth. Describe your journey in a letter to a friend. try to do dacha (for so that a colorful image of this territory arises.
pleasure).
Task 8. What do you think should be done to prevent future
(creative!). a repeat of the "Sahel tragedy"? Give a rationale for your "project".
Add- In his novel Five Weeks hot-air balloon» Jules Verne spoke about
body for- travel in Africa in a hot air balloon. "Repeat" the route of this dacha (for trips. In which countries are they located and what are they pleasure). areas of Africa described by the writer today?
Final 1. (Work in a notebook.) Compare the countries of North, Tropical Africa and
task 9. South Africa according to some indicators characterizing their population and economy. Determine the similarities and differences. Arrange the necessary data in the form of a table.
2. Compare the main extractive industries in North Africa and Southwest Asia. What conclusion can be drawn from this comparison?
3. Compare the main export crops of Tropical Africa and South Asia. What conclusion can be drawn from this comparison?
4. For class demonstration, prepare a small album called Geography of Africa on Postage Stamps.
SELF-CONTROL AND MUTUAL CONTROL UNIT
Answer the questions:
1. Why is the shift of the population to the coasts of the oceans and seas in Africa less pronounced than in overseas Asia?
2. Why is the Congo River not used for the export of industrial products from the Copper Belt?
3. Why is Cairo called "the diamond button that fastens the delta"?
4. Why is Senegal called the "Peanut Republic"?
Are the following statements correct: ^Sh
1. Most African countries achieved independence in the second half of the 20th century.
2. Africa is the region with the highest birth rate and the highest death rate in the world.
3. African countries are characterized by high rates of urbanization.
4. Nigeria's main mineral is bauxite.
Choose the correct answer:
2. The most important types of minerals in North Africa are ... (coal, iron ore, bauxite, oil, natural gas, phosphorites).
3. The least developed countries in Africa include ... (Algeria, Ethiopia, Chad, Niger, Somalia, South Africa).
4. The main export crops of Tropical Africa are ... (wheat, millet, cotton, citrus fruits, peanuts, coffee, cocoa, natural rubber, sisal).
Can you:
1. Put the following countries, mentioned in the text and on text maps, on the contour map of the world from memory: Libya, Algeria, Sudan, Ghana, Congo, Angola, Zimbabwe, Namibia, Mozambique, Madagascar?
2. Show on the map the following cities mentioned in the text and on maps: Cairo, Kinshasa, Addis Ababa, Nairobi, Lagos, Dakar, Luanda, Johannesburg?
3. Explain the meaning of the following concepts and terms: monoculture, subsistence economy, apartheid?
4. Indicate which of the following countries are the main producers and exporters of cocoa: Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Tanzania, Angola?
Identify the countries to which the following statements apply:
1. A country located on an island with an area of 1,600 thousand km 2.
2. Countries located "inside" the territory of South Africa.
3. A country lying on the middle course of the Niger River and not having access to the seas.
4. Country whose capital is the city of Nairobi.
5. A country where 98% of the population is concentrated in a territory that occupies less than 4% of its total area.
1. The copper belt stretches from Zambia to the southeastern part of ... .
2. ... - the largest producer and exporter of oil in Africa, a member of OPEC.
3. South Africa produces... all of Africa's manufacturing products.
METHODOLOGICAL KEYS TO TOPIC 8
What needs to be remembered
1. The political map and the peoples of Africa. (Geography, grade 7.) 2. Features of the physical and geographical position, relief, minerals, climate, waters, soils and vegetation of Africa, natural zones within it. (Geography, grade 7.) 3. Ancient Egypt. (History, grade 5.) 4. The main content of the national liberation struggle of the peoples of Africa in the late XIX - early XX century. (History, grade 8.) 5. The material of part I of this textbook. 6. Concepts and terms: colony, bantustan, platform, desert, savanna, equatorial forest, kimberlite pipe, national park.
What you need to know
Topic Leading Ideas 8.
The transformation of the socio-economic structure of Africa requires great efforts on the part of both the African peoples and the entire world community.
Main scientific knowledge of topic 8:
1. Characteristic features of the economic and geographical position, geography of natural conditions and resources, population, industry, agriculture, environmental problems of Africa. 2. The concept of monoculture. 3. The image of the territory of North Africa. 4. The image of the territory of Tropical Africa. 5. Brief overview of South Africa. 6. Keywords of the theme: 1) colonial type of sectoral structure of the economy, 2) monoculture, 3) Arab city type.
What you need to know
1. Using a textbook and an atlas, independently obtain the necessary knowledge for characterization. 2. Carry out comparative characteristics of industries, regions and cities. 3. Prepare a summary of the report on a given topic.
Topic 9. NORTH AMERICA
BLOCK OF OBTAINING KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS
Exercise 1. Using the text of the textbook and maps of the atlas, describe the US EGP. Is it really beneficial? Why do you think so? Apply the standard plan for characterizing the country's (region's) EGP on p. 222.
Task 2 Using the text of the textbook and figures 83-86, describe the largest
(creative most urban agglomerations and metropolitan areas of the United States. Calculate the proportion of three
Additional Make a crossword "States and cities of the USA".
task (for pleasure).
Task 3. Using the data in the tables and figures of topic 5 and the tables of the "Appendices", make the necessary calculations, make a bar (bar) or pie chart in your notebook showing the share of the United States in world industrial and agricultural production for certain types of products. Analyze them.
Task 4. Using the text in your textbook and a map of US Mineral Resources in an atlas, prove that US Mineral Resources contribute to the development of a diversified industry. Illustrate the following phrase of the textbook: "The main wealth of the eastern part is fuel minerals, the western one is ore." Apply the standard plan for characterizing the natural prerequisites for the development of the country's (region's) industry on p. 222.
Add- Using data on reserves and production of coal, oil, natural gas, iron
body for- ore in the USA, calculate the availability of them (in years). Taking advantage given (us- data in the text of the textbook and in table 1, calculate the share of the United States in the world false). explored reserves of coal, oil, natural gas, iron ore. What conclusions can be drawn from this analysis?
Task 5. Using Figure 87, name the top five oil states in the United States. Determine in which of them oil production is also carried out on the continental shelf. Try to explain the configuration of the existing system of oil pipelines, the reasons for the construction of the Trans-Alaska oil pipeline, which was built in the 70s. From Figure 25, determine where the United States imports oil and petroleum products from. What explains this? Apply a typical plan for the characteristics of the industry of the country (region).
Task 6. Using Figure 88, compile in your notebook a concise and reference table "The main areas of the US steel industry" in the following form:
Task 7. According to Figure 28, determine from which countries the United States imports iron ore. What caused it?
Use the economic map of the United States and the world engineering map in the atlas to specify the characteristics of engineering contained in the text of the textbook. Determine by them the largest centers of this industry. Illustrate the textbook's position that the main engineering regions coincide with the US metropolitan areas.
Add- Using the same cards, make a summary and reference in your notebook
body for- table "Structure of mechanical engineering in the largest centers of this industry given (complicated). in the USA".
Task 8. Using the text, figure 89 and other drawings of the textbook, as well as the economic map of the United States in the atlas, compile a concise and reference table "US Industrial Belts" in the notebook in the following form:
Formulate and record conclusions.
Task 9. Using Figure 90, describe the location of US crop production. By overlaying Figure 90 and the US political division map in the atlas, determine: 1) the two main "wheat" states (one for spring, the other for winter wheat), 2) the main "corn" state.
Task 10. Using the plans of downtown New York and Washington in the atlas and
(creative additional sources of information, prepare a report on cultural
something!).-historical and architectural sights of one of these cities. As a "guide" take a short "tour" around the city.
Task 11. Based on the text and drawings of the textbook and maps of the atlas, give a brief
(creative a written description of one of the US macrodistricts (according to one's own
something!) choice).
Add- Imagine that you have taken "journeys" around the USA - along
body for- parallels 40° N sh. and along the meridian 100° W. e. Describe the routes.
giving (for pleasure). Use additional literature.
Task 12 Carefully review the text and figures of part I of the textbook and tables
(creative"Applications". Choose from them all related to Canada. Use
something!). Atlas maps for Canada. Based on these materials, complete the brief socio-economic description of this country given in the textbook. Apply the sample country profile plan on p. 329.
Task 13 1. (Work in a notebook.) Using the materials of topic 9, name the main
(final). typological features of the population and economy of the USA and Canada. Present them in the form of the following table:
| Countries | Play type Production Population | National New composition Population |
Zation | Level Development farms | Industry Structure farms | Territorial Naya structure farms |
| USA Canada |
Work with this table, make a generalization.
2. (Work on a contour map.) Put on the contour map of North America (optional): 1) the largest cities, 2) the main seaports, 3) transcontinental railways. You can expand this list at your own discretion.
3. Determine what types of thematic maps in the textbook and atlas you used when studying this topic. Which of them are new to you?
4. Based on the text of the textbook and figure 81, describe the Central Business District of an American city.
SELF-CONTROL AND MUTUAL CONTROL UNIT
Explain why:
1. The Northeast of the United States was called the "workshop of the nation."
2. A significant part of the heavy industry of the USA and Canada is concentrated in the Great Lakes region.
3. US aluminum smelters are located in the Tennessee and Columbia river valleys.
4. The specialization of agriculture in the US and Canada changes as you move from east to west.
5. Florida, California and Hawaii attract the most tourists.
6. In the United States and Canada, in recent decades, interest in the development of the regions of the North has increased.
What problems arise:
1. Due to the accelerated industrialization of the South and West of the USA?
2. Due to the fact that the US economy is becoming increasingly dependent on imports of oil, iron ore and other raw materials and fuels?
Do you agree with the following statements:
1. Megalopolis "Boswash" - the largest urban area in the US?
2. Recently, Alaska has become an important oil production area in the US?
3. Is farming dominant in the US and Canada?
4. Is the US transportation system of the same type as the transportation system of foreign Europe?
5. Does the St. Lawrence River connect the Great Lakes to New York?
6. Is Atlanta the largest airport in the world?
7. Is Canada's population 1/2 the size of the US?
Can you:
1. Find on the map the US cities mentioned in the main text of topic 9, and arrange them from east to west from memory?
2. Give examples of "dairy", "corn", "wheat", "orange", "pineapple", "apple", "cotton" US states?
3. Put on a contour map New England, the Far West, California?
4. Say which of the following indicators characterizes the share of the West in the area of the entire country (in%): 20, 36, 49, 64?
5. List the types of minerals for which Canada is a global producer and exporter?
Use the text of the textbook and maps to answer the questions:
1. Which parts of the US are most likely to employment people in: 1) oil production, 2) the aerospace industry, 3) raising broiler chickens?
2. Which transcontinental railroads can be used to cross the US and Canada in a latitudinal direction?
3. What natural, socio-economic and historical reasons contributed to the development of the US Northeast?
Imagine:
1. That you have visited one of the big cities in the USA or Canada. Describe it.
2. That you wanted to get to know the US industry. What cities do you need to visit to visit: 1) an aircraft factory, 2) a large electronics factory, 3) an automobile factory, 4) a petrochemical plant, 5) a steel mill?
3. That you had the opportunity to work at: 1) a cattle ranch, 2) a tobacco plantation, 3) a sawmill. Which states in the US or provinces in Canada would you need to go to?
Fill in the gaps in the following phrases:
1. The economic capital of the United States is considered to be ..., but it is increasingly competing with ... .
2. Most of the Midwest borders on... and..., the two main waterways of North America.
3. Among the important crops of the South of the USA is ....
4. In the Canadian province... most of the inhabitants speak French.
METHODOLOGICAL KEYS TO TOPIC 9
What needs to be remembered
1. Political map and peoples of North America. (Geography, grade 7.) 2. Features of the physical and geographical position, relief, minerals, climate, waters, soils and vegetation of North America. (Geography, grade 7.) 3. Features of the historical development of North America in the late XIX-first half of the XX century. (History, grades 8, 9.) 4. Materials of part I of this textbook. 5. Concepts and terms: reserve, farmer.
What you need to know
Topic 9 Leading Ideas:
1. As a result of the collapse of the world socialist system and the Soviet Union, the role of the United States in world politics and economics has increased. 2. New relations between Russia, other countries with economies in transition and the United States have become an important factor in international stability and have changed the entire world political situation for the better.
The main scientific knowledge of topic 9:
1. Characteristic features of the EGP, the geography of natural resources and the population of the United States. 2. General characteristics of the US economy. 3. The main features of the geography of industry, agriculture, transport, nature management in the United States, the main industrial and agricultural regions. 4. Macroregionalization of the USA and the appearance of each of the four macroregions. 5. Brief economic and geographical characteristics of Canada. 6. Keywords of the topic: 1) North American type of city, 2) "second economy", 3) gross national product, 4) stage specialization, 5) North American type of transport network, 6) industrial belt, 7) agricultural belt, 8) focal type of land development.
What you need to know
1. Describe urban agglomerations and megalopolises. 2. Describe the industry of the country. 3. Give a brief economic and geographical description of the country. 4. Compile a written economic and geographical description.
Instructions and plans for mastering the skills of independent study
1. Plan for the characteristics of the industry of the country (region):
1. The importance of the industry and the size of its products. 2. Natural prerequisites for the development of the industry. 3. Structure of the industry. 4. The main factors influencing the location of the industry, and the main features of its geography; sectoral industrial areas. 5. Dependence of the industry on exports and imports. 6. General conclusion; prospects for the development of the industry.
2. Plan for the characteristics of an individual country:
1. The main features of the EGP. 2. Economic assessment of natural conditions and resources. 3. The main features of reproduction, structure and distribution of the population. 4. General characteristics of the economy. 5. The main features of the location of the industry. 6. The main features of the location of agriculture. 7. The main features of the geography of transport. 8. Main economic regions. 9. The role and geography of foreign economic relations. 10. General conclusion; development prospects.