Dubrovno is a city in the Vitebsk region of Belarus. Church. Attractions, Travel and tourism, Historical and architectural monuments. My shtetl\Dubrovno Belarus dubrovno

Story

XIV-XVIII centuries

During the Great Patriotic War

The area was occupied by Nazi invaders on July 17-20, 1941. The territory of the region was included in the zone of operations partisan brigade Konstantin Zaslonov, partisan detachment"Grozny", special forces "Avenger" and "Falcon", underground organizations operated in the village of Osintorf and the village of Novaya Tukhin, groups in the city of Dubrovno and at Osinovka station. The Dubrovensky District Committee of the Party and the Dubrovensky District Committee of the Komsomol operated under partisan formations.

From October 1943 to June 1944, the front line passed through the territory of the region. The region was completely liberated on June 26, 1944 by the troops of the 31st and 11th Guards Army of the 3rd Belorussian Front during the Vitebsk-Orsha operation.

Economy

In Dubrovno, JSC "Dubrovensky Flax Mill" and the production workshop "Dubrovensky" of the Orsha Dairy Plant operate.

Transport

Republican highway passes through the city R22 (Orsha - Buda (before M1 ). 8 km north - motorway M1 E 30 .

Notable natives

• Vasily Koren (c. 1640 - early 18th century) - one of the first Russian wood engravers, creator of the first engraved illustrated Bible in Russia
• Kazarsky, Alexander Ivanovich (1797–1833) - hero of the Russian-Turkish war -1829, captain of the 1st rank
• Polyakov, Yakov Solomonovich (1832–1909) - Russian financier
• Usyshkin, Menahem (מנחם אוסישקין) (1863-1941) - famous figure Zionist movement.
• Lurie, Osip Davidovich (1868-1955) - French philosopher and literary critic
• Tumarkina, Anna-Esther (Anna Pavlovna) (1875–1951) - Swiss philosopher, Europe's first female professor of philosophy
• Jaffe, Charles (1879–1941) - American chess player.
• Bykhovsky, Abram Isaevich (1895-1972) - Hero of Socialist Labor, a well-known figure in the military-industrial complex during the Second World War
• Gutentog, Boris Naumovich (born June 21, 1902) - Soviet artist
• Karpay, Sofya Efimovna (1903-1955) - Soviet cardiologist.
• Gusinsky, Solomon Izrailevich (1904-1973) - Soviet economic figure.
• Petersburg, Alexander Vasilyevich (1904 - 1991) - professor, agrochemist, doctor of agricultural sciences.
• Axelrod, Nathan (1905-1987) - Israeli film director
• Gildenblat, Yakov Davidovich (1907-1973) - Soviet scientist in the field of hydraulics.
• Shur, Yakov Savelyevich (1908–1986) - Soviet physicist
• Lipsky, Yuri Naumovich (1909–1978) - Soviet astronomer
• Belenky, Moses Solomonovich (1910-1996) - Soviet writer. critic
• Dymshits, Yakov Mikhailovich (1913-1988) - Soviet physicist.
• Libinzon, Zinovy ​​Efimovich (b. 1918) - Soviet literary critic
• Kogan, Vladimir Lvovich (1920-1995) - Soviet boxing coach.
• Zeitlin, Zvi (1923–2012) - American violinist
• Gubman, Lev Borisovich (1926) - Head of the Department of Anatomy and Physiology, TVGU. Father B.L. Gubman

Attractions

• Bernardine monastery (1630), including residential building (1809)
• Trinity Church (1809)

Gallery

Dubroŭna Klaštar.JPG

city ​​view

Dubroŭna Sv. Troickaja carkva.JPG

Trinity Church

Dubroŭna Klaštar Biernardynaŭ.JPG

Bernardine monastery

Dubroŭna.Manufaktura.JPG

Cloth and handicraft manufactory

Dubroŭna Sv. Mikalaja.JPG

Church of St. Nicholas

Dubroŭna Kazarski 1.JPG

Monument to Kazarsky

Dubroŭna Kazarski 2.JPG

Monument to Kazarsky

Dubroŭna Vajskovy Memaryjal.JPG

War memorial

Road bridge 3271013.jpeg

Bridge across the Dnieper

twin cities

see also

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Notes

Literature

Dudarenko M. L., Perechnev Yu. G., Eliseev V. T. et al. Liberation of cities: A guide to the liberation of cities during the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945. - M .: Military Publishing House, 1985. - 598 p. - 50,000 copies.

Links

An excerpt characterizing Dubrovno

The next day, early in the morning, the decrepit Kutuzov got up, prayed to God, dressed, and with the unpleasant consciousness that he had to lead the battle, which he did not approve of, got into a carriage and drove out of Letashevka, five miles behind Tarutin, to the place where the advancing columns were to be assembled. Kutuzov rode, falling asleep and waking up and listening to see if there were shots on the right, was it starting to happen? But it was still quiet. The dawn of a damp and cloudy autumn day was just beginning. Approaching Tarutin, Kutuzov noticed cavalrymen leading horses to a watering hole across the road along which the carriage was traveling. Kutuzov took a closer look at them, stopped the carriage and asked which regiment? The cavalrymen were from that column, which should have been already far ahead in the ambush. “A mistake, perhaps,” thought the old commander-in-chief. But, driving even further, Kutuzov saw infantry regiments, guns in goats, soldiers for porridge and with firewood, in underpants. They called an officer. The officer reported that there was no order to march.
- How not to ... - Kutuzov began, but immediately fell silent and ordered the senior officer to be called to him. Climbing out of the carriage, head down and breathing heavily, silently waiting, he paced back and forth. When the required officer appeared general staff Eichen, Kutuzov turned purple not because this officer was the cause of a mistake, but because he was a worthy subject for expressing anger. And, shaking, panting, an old man, having come into that state of fury, in which he was able to come when he was lying on the ground from anger, he attacked Eichen, threatening with his hands, shouting and cursing in public words. Another who turned up, Captain Brozin, who was not guilty of anything, suffered the same fate.
- What kind of canal is this? Shoot the bastards! he shouted hoarsely, waving his arms and staggering. He experienced physical pain. He, the Commander-in-Chief, His Serene Highness, whom everyone assures that no one has ever had such power in Russia as he, he has been put in this position - he has been ridiculed in front of the entire army. “In vain did you bother so much to pray for this day, in vain did not sleep the night and thought about everything! he thought to himself. “When I was a boy officer, no one would have dared to make fun of me like that ... And now!” He experienced physical suffering, as from corporal punishment, and could not help but express it with angry and suffering cries; but soon his strength weakened, and, looking around, feeling that he had said a lot of bad things, he got into the carriage and silently drove back.
The anger that poured out did not return anymore, and Kutuzov, blinking his eyes weakly, listened to excuses and words of defense (Yermolov himself did not appear to him until the next day) and the insistence of Benigsen, Konovnitsyn and Tolya to make the same unsuccessful movement the next day. And Kutuzov had to agree again.

The next day, the troops gathered in the evening at the appointed places and marched out at night. It was an autumn night with black-purple clouds, but no rain. The ground was wet, but there was no mud, and the troops marched without noise, only the strumming of artillery was faintly audible. It was forbidden to speak loudly, smoke pipes, make fire; the horses were kept from neighing. The mystery of the enterprise increased its attractiveness. The people were having fun. Some of the columns halted, put their guns on their racks, and lay down on the cold ground, believing that they had come to the right place; some (most) columns walked all night and, obviously, went in the wrong direction.
Count Orlov Denisov with the Cossacks (the most insignificant detachment of all others) alone got to his place and at his time. This detachment stopped at the extreme edge of the forest, on the path from the village of Stromilova to Dmitrovskoye.
Before dawn, Count Orlov, who had dozed off, was awakened. They brought in a defector from the French camp. It was a Polish non-commissioned officer of Poniatowski's corps. This non-commissioned officer explained in Polish that he defected because he was offended in the service, that it would be time for him to be an officer long ago, that he is the bravest of all and therefore abandoned them and wants to punish them. He said that Murat was spending the night a mile away from them, and that if they gave him a hundred people in an escort, he would take him alive. Count Orlov Denisov consulted with his comrades. The offer was too flattering to refuse. Everyone volunteered to go, everyone advised to try. After many disputes and considerations, Major General Grekov, with two Cossack regiments, decided to go with a non-commissioned officer.
“Well, remember,” said Count Orlov Denisov to the non-commissioned officer, releasing him, “in case you lied, I will order you to be hanged like a dog, but the truth is a hundred chervonets.”
The non-commissioned officer, with a resolute look, did not answer these words, mounted on horseback and rode off with Grekov, who had quickly gathered himself. They hid in the forest. Count Orlov, shrugging from the freshness of the dawning morning, excited by what he was up to on his own responsibility, having seen Grekov off, went out of the forest and began to look around the enemy camp, which was now visible deceptively in the light of the beginning of the morning and the dying fires. To the right of Count Orlov Denisov, on an open slope, our columns should have appeared. Count Orlov looked there; but despite the fact that they would have been visible from afar, these columns were not visible. In the French camp, as it seemed to Count Orlov Denisov, and especially according to his very vigilant adjutant, they began to stir.
“Oh, really, it’s late,” said Count Orlov, looking at the camp. He suddenly, as often happens, after the person whom we believe is no longer in front of his eyes, it suddenly became completely clear and obvious to him that the non-commissioned officer was a deceiver, that he had lied and would only spoil the whole attack by the absence of these two regiments, whom he will lead God knows where. Is it possible to snatch out the commander-in-chief from such a mass of troops?
“Really, he’s lying, this rogue,” said the count.
“You can turn back,” said one of the retinue, who, like Count Orlov Denisov, felt distrust of the enterprise when he looked at the camp.
- BUT? Right?.. what do you think, or leave? Or not?
- Would you like to turn back?
- Turn back, turn back! - Count Orlov suddenly said resolutely, looking at his watch, - it will be late, it will be quite light.
And the adjutant galloped through the forest after Grekov. When Grekov returned, Count Orlov Denisov, excited by this canceled attempt, and the vain expectation of infantry columns, which all did not show up, and the proximity of the enemy (all the people of his detachment experienced the same), decided to attack.
He commanded in a whisper: "Sit down!" Divided, baptized...
- With God!
"Uraaaaa!" roared through the forest, and, one hundred after another, as if sleeping out of a bag, the Cossacks flew merrily with their darts at the ready, across the stream to the camp.
One desperate, frightened cry of the first Frenchman who saw the Cossacks - and all that was in the camp, undressed, half-awake, threw guns, rifles, horses and ran anywhere.
If the Cossacks pursued the French, not paying attention to what was behind and around them, they would have taken Murat and everything that was there. The bosses wanted it. But it was impossible to budge the Cossacks when they got to the booty and prisoners. Nobody listened to the commands. One thousand five hundred prisoners were immediately taken, thirty-eight guns, banners and, most importantly for the Cossacks, horses, saddles, blankets and various items. It was necessary to do with all this, to seize the prisoners, guns, divide the booty, shout, even fight among themselves: the Cossacks took care of all this.
The French, no longer pursued, began to gradually come to their senses, gathered in teams and began to shoot. Orlov Denisov waited for all the columns and did not advance further.
Meanwhile, according to the disposition: “die erste Colonne marschiert” [the first column is coming (German)], etc., the infantry troops of the late columns, commanded by Benigsen and controlled by Tol, set out properly and, as always happens, came somewhere , but not where they were assigned. As always happens, people who went out cheerfully began to stop; displeasure was heard, a consciousness of confusion, they moved somewhere back. The galloping adjutants and generals shouted, got angry, quarreled, said that they were not there at all and were late, they scolded someone, etc., and finally, everyone waved their hand and went only to go somewhere. "We'll go somewhere!" And indeed, they came, but not there, and some went there, but they were so late that they came without any use, only to be shot at. Toll, who in this battle played the role of Weyrother in Austerlitz, diligently galloped from place to place and everywhere found everything upside down. So he rode on Baggovut's corps in the forest, when it was already completely light, and this corps should have been there long ago, with Orlov Denisov. Excited, upset by the failure and believing that someone was to blame for this, Toll jumped up to the corps commander and began to reproach him severely, saying that he should be shot for this. Baggovut, the old, fighting, calm general, also exhausted by all the stops, confusions, contradictions, to the surprise of everyone, completely contrary to his character, went into a rage and said unpleasant things to Tolya.

At the very Belarusian-Russian border on the banks of the mighty Slavic the Dnieper river sprawled picturesque city ​​of Dubrovno.

Nature has endowed this marvelous corner in the southeast Vitebsk region unique and unique beauty. It delights residents and guests of the Dubrovenshchina with lush greenery, majestic views, rich landscapes, the regal bends of the Dnieper and the hidden beauty of the Zadubrovenka, Mereya, Rossasenok, Afanasyevsky and Kazenny lakes and numerous ponds and streams.

The local land is a real treasury of the Belarusian land. There are nature reserves and natural monuments of local importance in the region.

Dubrovno land, like a languid beauty, gracefully settled down on the square 1.3 thousand square kilometers simultaneously on the Smolensk and Orsha uplands, capturing the Luchosskaya lowland. This beautiful lady knows her own worth, she does not need to stand out among others. That's why her highest point in the southwest of the village of Lyahovka is only 226.4 meters.

AT Dubrovno everything is saturated with peace and tranquility. This will confirm you population of the city and Dubrovensky district- each of the 15327 residents of the district - 7485 townspeople and 7842 villagers.

Eventful history of Dubrovno and Dubrovensky district.

And it starts in the parking lot ancient man Mesolithic era around the village of Chizhovka. Scientists attribute this historical monument to the Grena culture, whose representatives came to our region about 11 thousand years ago.

No less curious are the archaeological finds of the Iron Age period (7th century BC - 5th century AD) at the settlements near the villages of Karabanovichi and Vezhki.

But the first written mention of the "empty land of Dubrovno" appears only in 1393. And only in 1514 chronicles tell about Dubrovno as a city.

The journalists of the newspaper "Dnyaprovskaya Pravda" actively participated in the celebration and, like the ancient chroniclers, covered this great event in colors recent history Dubrovno.

But let us return to the events of the past days.

The fate of the Dubrovenshchina is inextricably linked with the life of the great states that in different centuries ruled the magnificent historical ball on the territory of modern Belarus.

Thus, in the second half of the 14th century, the Dubrovno lands became part of Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In this era, Dubrovno passed into the possession of the family panov Glebovichi. Noble gentlemen decided to emphasize the special status of the new lands and erected a castle here, which for decades became an important cultural, commercial and political center of the Dubrovno land.

The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth also left its traces in the Dubrovno region.

But the key role in the development and rise of Dubrovno was played by Russian states about.

In the 1780s, the Dubrovno lands were bought by the prince Grigory Potemkin. Thanks to his efforts, one of the first in Russia was launched here watch and gimbal factories, whose masters were destined to glorify the Dubrovenshchina throughout the Russian Empire.

By the way, about watches of old domestic production. The chroniclers of the newspaper "Dnyaprovskaya Pravda" preserved this topic in their materials for future generations:

What surprised the world of watchmakers is understandable even to a child. But what a strange word "gable"? It turns out that the braid (also called galloon) is gold, silver or tinsel (copper, tin) braid; gold-woven ribbon, bandage, sheathing, edging. So it turns out that the Dubrovno masters decorated the young ladies of the entire great empire.

Yes, beauty is a powerful force. No wonder it was in Dubrovno in 1901 that the Dnipro Manufactory factory was opened, which was destined to survive even the 1917 coup and become a well-known enterprise in the Soviet country.

Thus, Dubrovenshchina met the beginning of the 20th century in all splendor and glory. By the way, the journalists of "Dnyaprovskaya Pravda" were lucky to find out what was interesting in those years in Dubrovno.

But, alas, measured life Dubrovensky district did not last long. Fires broke out over Europe World War II. And soon volleys of enemy guns were heard near the Soviet borders. started The Great Patriotic War.

All her horror fell upon the Dubrovenshchina in July 1941. But its inhabitants did not flinch in the face of a terrible misfortune and embarked on a long, bloody, full of pain and tears path of struggle against the Nazi invaders.

The Dubrovno region was defended by partisans of the Konstantin Zaslonov brigade, the Grozny, Avenger and Sokol detachments, members of the underground organizations of the village of Osintorf and the village of Novaya Tukhin, groups of the city of Dubrovno and Osinovka station.

And the enemy raged. He spared neither the child nor the old man. Hundreds of people were killed by the Nazis in Dubrovno ghetto.

From October 1943 to June 1944 Dubrovenshchina did not know a single moment of peace. The fate of thousands of its inhabitants was cut into "BEFORE" and "AFTER THE WAR" by the front line passing here.

More than 38 thousand Soviet soldiers and officers found their last shelter in 30 military graves of the Dubrovenshchina, and more than 5 thousand fellow countrymen never returned to motherland. Irreplaceable losses of those terrible years and among civilians - victims of the fascist genocide - this is 3470 people.

Only June 26, 1944 troops of the 31st and 11th Guards Army of the 3rd Belorussian Front during Vitebsk-Orsha operation Dubrovno region was liberated.

Today its inhabitants are celebrating!

But the memory of the feat of the heroes of the Great Patriotic War knows no time, it is immortal. And behind every last name in one of the most monumental memorial complexes Vitebsk region "Rylenki" worth an eternity. Here in the Dubrovno region - at the site of the mass grave of 10 thousand Soviet soldiers - the flowers of victory will always burn in the hands of grateful descendants.

And let the era of restoration of the land destroyed by the war was not easy. But she stayed behind. The area has come a long way over the decades. But now we see a cozy city, hospitable villages, a strong Agriculture, decent industry. Our grain growers take thousands of milestones, and Dubrovensky Flax Mill For more than a decade, it has been listed among the republican leaders in its industry.

Dubrovno land is rich and talents. These are wood engravers Vasily Koren and Gerasim Akulov, the hero Russian-Turkish war Alexander Kazarsky, financier Yakov Polyakov, philosopher Osip Lurie, the first woman in Europe - professor of philosophy Anna-Esther Tumarkina, astronomer Yuri Lipsky, violinist Zvi Zeitlin, Decembrist Pyotr Falenberg, writers Sergei Rakita and Nikolai Gorulev, playwright Alexei Dudarev, artists Sergei Zaryanko and Nikolai Opiok and many others.

And it is easy to take a virtual walk among the sights of Dubrovno, which include the residential building of the Bernardine Monastery (1809) and the Holy Trinity Church (1809), using the site section -

The main idea of ​​the coat of arms symbolizes the location of Dubrovno as the eastern gate of Belarus. In addition, the coat of arms is displayed in the form of three golden acorns with oak leaves the name of the city associated with the word "oak forest".

The coat of arms also has something in common with the ancient gentry coat of arms "Dambrow", resembling a horseshoe with crosses at the top and on the sides.

The three colors used in the coat of arms - blue, gold and silver - correspond to the colors of the Lyalika coat of arms of the Glebovichi lords - the owners of the Dubrovno estate in the 16th-17th centuries.

Dubrovno is a small town in the Vitebsk region of Belarus, the administrative center of the Dubrovno region. The main attraction of the city of Dubrovno is the building of the former monastery, which was built in 1809. This building is well preserved, it has a new roof over it. Therefore, the building of the former monastery in the city of Dubrovno is not being destroyed now, although it has not been fully restored. There are also two churches in Dubrovno. The first of them is the Trinity Church built in 1809. This church is well restored and functioning. The Trinity Church in the city of Dubrovno is an architectural monument of the early 19th century, a historical and cultural value and an interesting landmark of Belarus. The second church in the city of Dubrovno is the modern church of St. Nicholas.

There are a few other small attractions in the city of Dubrovno. For example, the following photo shows the ruins of a former cloth factory, originally built in the early 19th century. There is also a small Orthodox chapel of Saints Boris and Gleb in the city of Dubrovno, built in the second half of the 19th century. In addition, in the city of Dubrovno there are several historical buildings of the late 19th - early 20th centuries, which can be attributed to ordinary urban development. The city of Dubrovno is also adorned by the surrounding nature, because the Dnieper River flows picturesquely through this town.

Located in a picturesque area. Hills alternate with ravines and floodplains. The Dnieper divides Dubrovno into southern and northern parts. The Svinka River with its tributary Lazaretnaya and the Zadubrovenka River limit urban development in the east and southwest. In ancient times, the trade route "from the Varangians to the Greeks" passed here. In the IX-XIV centuries. Dubrovno - the sphere of interests first of Kievan Rus, then the Smolensk principality. From the second half of the XIV century. - as part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

It was part of the Orsha district of the Vitebsk Voivodeship of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In the 1st half of the XVI century. grand dominion. From the middle of the XVI century. belonged to the Belarusian magnate family of Glebovichi, since 1669 - Sapieha. Dubrovno was repeatedly occupied by Russian troops. In the 1650-1660s. royal authorities many carpenters, carvers, potters and other artisans were resettled from here to Moscow, Smolensk, Kaluga and Dorogobuzh. In 1698, the city was devastated by detachments of the Lithuanian-Belarusian gentry, who fought against the dominance of Sapieha in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In September 1701, during the internecine war between the gentry and the Sapiehas, in the area of ​​the city of Dubrovno, 2.5 thousand peasants from the Cossack-peasant formation of Yurevich, armed with the Sapiehas, were killed by detachments of the gentry. In 1708 the city was occupied by Swedish and Russian troops, in 1711-1719. he was pledged to the Russian nobleman A. D. Menshikov, then he was returned to the Sapegas. In 1750 a cloth manufactory was founded. There were 4 Orthodox churches in the city, a Bernardine monastery. There were brotherhoods under the Church of the Savior. The tycoons supported Orthodox churches(privileges 1699, 1709, 1719, 1722, 1750, 1757).

In 1772, together with the eastern part of Belarus, Dubrovno became part of Russian Empire. In 1773-1775. - a township, a county center of the Orsha province, since 1777 - a township of Orsha, since 1861 - Goretsky districts of the Mogilev province.

In 1774, Prince Sapega sold Dubrovno to R. A. Potemkin, who exchanged it with Prince F. Lubomirsky in 1783 for Smela in the Kyiv province. At the end of the XVIII century. in the town there are 3 manufactories (braid, cloth and watch - the first in the Russian Empire).

In 1860 there were 811 houses, 8 enterprises, 2 schools, a hospital, a pharmacy. Since 1924 - the regional center, since July 3, 1925 - the city. In 1926 - 7,920 inhabitants. The Nazi invaders during the occupation in Dubrovno and the region killed 14,110 people. Underground anti-fascist organizations fought the enemy. Today Dubrovno is a city with a population of over 9 thousand people. Its residential development is mainly manor, and therefore it is so strikingly exotic and beautiful from the abundance of flowers and garden plantings.

Dubrovno flax mill operates in Dubrovno. KUPP "Dubrovensky combine industrial goods", branch of Dubrovensky OJSC "Orsha Dairy Plant", district consumer society, branch of Bagrationovsky CJSC "Vitebskagroprodukt".

Dubrovno has preserved its planning architecture, which was formed in the XVI-XVII centuries, architectural monuments: the Bernardine Monastery (XVIII century), Holy Trinity Church (XIX century), 100 m east of the confluence of the river. Dubrovenka in the river. Dnieper archaeological site - Settlement.

Guide to the cities and regional centers of the Republic of Belarus. Minsk, Harvest, 2004.

Nearest cities.

Here is a map of Dubrovno with streets. It is part of the Vitebsk region of Belarus. We are watching detailed map Dubrovno with house numbers and streets. Search in real time.

More about the streets of Dubrovno on the map

Detailed map of the city of Dubrovno in good quality shows all objects in the region, including st. Vokzalnaya and Oktyabrskaya. The city is located near.

For a detailed examination of the territory of the entire Dubrovensky district, it is enough to change the scale of the online scheme +/-. Here is an interactive map of the city of Dubrovno and the region, move its center to find the streets - Sadovaya and Vitebskaya.

You will find all the necessary detailed information about the location of urban infrastructure in the city - shops and houses, squares and roads. City st. Dubrovno - Pravoberezhnaya and Komsomolskaya, Orshanskaya and Pochtovaya are also in the visibility zone.

Nearby are settlements: Orsha, Vitebsk, Smolensk, Mogilev.

Satellite map of Dubrovno (Dubrovno) with Google search is waiting for you in its rubric. You can use the Yandex search to find the required house number on the map of the city and Vitebsk region of Belarus in real time. Previously, it was also determined on . st. Nikandrova and Shklovskaya will help you navigate the territory.

Coordinates - 54.5731,30.6883