January 24th, 2017
.
Probably, it will not be a big exaggeration to say that the entry into service (into the permanent readiness forces) of the headfrigate pr. 22350 "Admiral Gorshkov" with bated breath waiting for hundreds of thousands of citizens of Russia −148
thousand personnel of the Navy (TheMilitary Balance 2016, p. 189);
85,5
thousand employees of USC (annual report for 2015, p. 176);
counterparties from related industries;
military pensioners, contract soldiers and conscripts who once served in the navy;
shipbuilders, retired for various reasons who still dream of "steamboats" (like me);
fans who are interested and just curious. Unfortunately, things are going very slowly, but still going.
1. "Admiral Gorshkov" on revision in the floating dock of the Northern Shipyard,21.01.2017
(a photoCurious
from forums.airbase.ru)
1.
"
Admiral Gorshkov
"
Let me remind you: the ship was laid down01.02.2006 , launched29.10.2010 (through4,74 year), began mooring trials30.07.2013 (still through2,75 year), factory running −18.11.2014 (first went to sea), state -19.10.2015 , and up tohas not yet been transferred to the fleet. Since the beginning of the ZHI has passed2,18 year, from the date of laying −11 years ( 10,98 ).
22-30.09.2015 "Gorshkov" made an inter-fleet transition along the route Baltiysk-Severodvinsk −2240 miles (according to Ministry of Defense, ca. 3000 miles −link 1 ) for 8 days at an average speed11,7 node, for passing state tests in marinepolygons SF. There, the frigate fired anti-ship missiles, CRBD, as well as from the A-192 gun (apparently, successfully -link 2 ). In addition, 08/25/2016there was a message about the long-awaitedproductive firing air defense systems (more precisely, air defense systems) "Polyment-Redut" (after the reportHead of the Main Directorate of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation on the Single Day of Acceptance of Military Productsand dismissal of the general director of NPO Almaz) ( link 3 , link 4).
26.10-03.11.2016 (according to the "spy" photo posted on Twitter −link 5 ) the ship had to perform a reverseMFP Severomorsk-Baltiysk-St. Petersburg (2400 miles, 8 days, 12.5 knots), but stayed in Baltiysk.14.11.2016 "Gorshkov" was in the frame of a TV Star report during tacticalexercises of the Baltic Fleet (together with the corvettes "Savvy" and "Resistant") (link 6 ), 22.11 left Baltiysk and early in the morning24.11 came to the Northern shipyard for "revision of all mechanisms and systems" (link 7 ). Approximately in mid-December, the frigate became in the floating dock NE (link 8 ), the approximate scope of work is set out below (in the Appendix). To early message about "Admiral Gorshkov" (24.12.2016 ) states that it will be handed over to the Navy"in the coming months " ( link 9 ).
Appendix . Probably, a note from the factory newspaper of the Northern Shipyard: "News . "Gorshkov" stood in the dock . Order 921 moved to the dock. According to the responsible deliverer of "Gorshkov" Kirill Myadzyuta, a complex is being carried out in the dock on the frigateworks, in particular: inspection of sea chests and propeller-steering group; painting of the underwater part of the hull, anchor chains and anchors; cleaning propeller blades. The anti-fouling coating, which received mechanical damage during the ship's stay in ice, is also being restored; partial tests of bottom-side fittings are being carried out. In addition, fuel systems are cleaned; passes revision of mechanisms and equipment; comments received during testing"link 10 ).
P. S. There were no official reports about "Gorshkov" for a whole month, and today ( 25.01 ) in 12:22 -12:37 − through 13,5 hour. afterpublication of this entry ( 24.01 22:55 ), central media announced the statement of the head of the USC about the next postponement right the deadline for the transfer of the ship to the fleet - at the end of July 2017 (reference 24, reference 25). Of course, I do not and cannot have confidence there is a connection between the named events, however, there were such coincidences during my blogging quite a few .
2. " Admiral Kasatonov "
Laid down26.11.2009 , launched12.12.2014 − through5,04 years, having spent more time on the slipway than the lead one, which is nonsense for shipbuilding. According to unofficial information, in late 2014 - early 2015. broken down in At the beginning of the ZHI, the Gorshkov gas turbine engine (DA91P1, aka M90FR) was replaced with a new one from Kasatonov (link 11 ), ahimself - sent for repair to NPO "Saturn" (Rybinsk). Specified in the protocol of disagreements to the contract dated February 16, 2015 between Saturn and SV deadline(GTE restoration - 10.2016, testing - 12.2016) does not provide assurance that The repaired engine has already been delivered to St. Petersburg and installed on the donor ship.
The dismantling and installation of gas turbines is not my profile, but I have always been sure that the replacement of gas turbine engines (even at maneuverable basing points) should not be a big problem. My colleague confirmed my confidenceSlavus from the Naval Airbase Forum: "In the conditions of the plant, the replacement of a turbine ("cigar"), with the normal organization of work, taking into account all imaginable and unimaginable smoke breaks and lunches− occupies the maximumfive working days . When designing a ship gas turbinea quick replacement of the turbine during operation is laid constructively ... At Kasatonov, it remains to load only the turbine itself. The rest: a frame with an oil tank, a flue has been standing for a long time. [Pipeline] piping there is minimal, and mounted units are also few. When the turbine is installed, the installation of attachments and piping, personnel does it in a day"link 12 , link 13 ).
What was said in the quote causes restrained optimism regarding the completion of the construction of the frigate, as well as othersmessages indicating thatwork is moving: as of 01/13/2016, the ship was 81% ready (link 14 ) - mountedelectromechanical equipment, power supply from the shore was received, the manufacture of general ship systems was being completed, tanks were being prepared for receiving water, fuel and oil, electrical work was being carried out (link 15 ) ; as of 03/29/2016, power plant systems and general ship systems with service mechanisms were installed and tested, electrical installation work was completed, power was received at the main switchboard in the bow and stern power plants, the order was transferred to standard lighting, wiring and equipment of residential premises began, the crew was planned to move in in November 2016 (link 16 ) ; on 06/23/2016 the main caliber was mounted (link 17 ) - 2x8 UKSK 3S14; "under the Christmas tree" (12/30/2016) brought a gun (link 18 ) - AU A-192.
According to the latest available data, the tests of "Admiral Kasatonov" (presumably factory running) will begin in the summer of 2017, and the transfer of the "first serial" frigate, Project 22350, to the Navy is plannedat the end of 2017 - beginning of 2018 (link 19 ) − latereight years after bookmarking.
3. " Admiral Golovko "
Laid down01.02.2012 ( five years ago), they promise to launch inIIIsq. 2017 (link 20 ). According to the previous promise(given 07/28/2016 - just over a month from the next! ), the descent was to take place before the end of 2016 (link 21 ). Judging by the picture dated 10/28/2016, the USC vice-president was clearly bluffing - the hull is formed, but not painted, and the Saturnwill begin deliveries of gas turbine engines for the Russian Navy only at the "magic" end of 2017 - beginning of 2018. (link 22 ). Let's hope that the ODKand USC will meet the announced deadlines - in this case, the raising of the flag should be expected in 2020.
4. " Admiral Isakov "
Laid down14.11.2013 ( 3,2 years ago). To date, it is only known that, according to the agreement between SV and Saturn, the delivery of two diesel-gas turbine units (DGTA) M55R should be made in July-August 2018 (link 23 ). There ishope that "Golovko" and "Isakov" will be transferred to the Navy in the same year (it would be very effective,if signing acceptanceacts and the hoisting of flags on both ships took placeone day ) ( ) .
Conclusion
Has the project become outdated in the 11 years that the lead ship has been built? Oddly enough, no - nothing more perfect in terms of performance characteristics (not to mention ship aesthetics) in this class (subclass) has been created abroad. Taking into account the fact that the missile and radio equipment 22350 was improved and debugged throughout the entire period of construction, it is possible compare a new frigate with a collection wine that only gets better with age. The main thing here is not to overdo it and quickly transfer the series to the Navy - otherwise the wine will turn into vinegar.■
2. "Gorshkov" at the BF exercises,14.11.2016
(screenshot from the program "Serving Russia" dated 11/20/2016 by the TRK "Zvezda" with the filingadm-in
, forums.airbase.ru)
3. "Admiral Gorshkov" in the Baltic Sea,
22.11.2016
09:55-09:57 (photoDragon 64
from forums.airbase.ru)
8-9. Arrival of "Admiral Gorshkov" in St. Petersburg,24.11.2016 , early morning (photoRussianArms from forums.airbase.ru)
10. "Admiral Gorshkov" on revision in the floating dock of the Northern Shipyard,21.01.2017
(a photoCurious
from forums.airbase.ru)
11. "Admiral Kasatonov" at the outfitting embankment of the Northern Shipyard,28.10.2016
(a photoCurious
from forums.airbase.ru)
12. "Kasatonov" at the Northern Shipyard,13.12.2016 (a photoVAM from forums.airbase.ru)
13-15. "Admiral Kasatonov", SV (photo from the VK group "The ship in art. Marine painters of St. Petersburg"Crimean , forums.airbase.ru, posted on 12/21/2016)
16. "Admiral Golovko" on the slipway in the boathouse of the Northern Shipyard,28.10.2016 (a photoCurious from forums.airbase.ru)
17. Most likely, "Admiral Isakov" (in the background) in the SV boathouse (screenshot from the "Polygon" program of the T24 TV channel, release dated 01/15/2016 with the filingBig LoM 1 , forums.airbase.ru)
According to the armaments program for 2011-2020, the Russian Navy will receive project 22350 frigates. In total, 10 frigates of this project are planned to be built during this period.
These are the first domestic large ships created in the post-Soviet era. Currently, two frigates of project 22350 are being built in St. Petersburg - "Admiral of the Fleet Soviet Union Gorshkov" (laid down in 2006, launched in 2010, will be put into operation this year - according to plan), they plan to transfer it to the Baltic Fleet; In 2009, the frigate Admiral of the Fleet Kasatonov was laid down; its commissioning is scheduled for 2012.
The draft design of the ship was developed at the Northern Design Bureau and approved in June 2003 by the fleet command. At the beginning of 2005, the project was approved as a multi-purpose frigate (according to the Soviet classification - a large patrol ship). On February 28, 2005, a tender was announced for the construction of this ship, three shipbuilding enterprises participated in it: Severnaya Verf, Yantar Baltic Plant, and FSUE Sevmashpredpriyatie.
The order was received by OJSC Shipbuilding Plant "Severnaya Verf". On February 1, 2006, the ship was laid down and serial number 921 was assigned to it. By order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy, Admiral Vladimir Masorin, the frigate is given the name "Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Sergey Gorshkov." On November 26, 2009, the laying of the second frigate of the series took place. He was given the name "Admiral of the Fleet Kasatonov". The cost of the lead ship of project 22350 should be about 400-420 million US dollars, but as a result, the real cost of building one frigate may increase to 500 million dollars.
It is symbolic that the new Russian frigates are named after the Soviet admirals who did so much for the Soviet Navy, the connection between generations is very important. Gorshkov and Kasatonov are classmates at the Naval School, colleagues in the service. On parallel courses next to each other, they served for more than half a century. Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union S.G. Gorshkov for almost three decades since 1956 was the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy and Deputy Minister of Defense of the USSR. Prior to that, for four years (1951-1955) he commanded Black Sea Fleet. In fact, Gorshkov realized the idea of creating the country's ocean fleet. One of his closest associates was Vladimir Afanasyevich Kasatonov.
V.A. Kasatonov was born in 1910 in Peterhof. In 1927 he entered, and in 1931 he graduated naval school, then the Naval Academy (1941). During the years of the Great Patriotic War was the chief of staff of a separate division of submarines of the Baltic Fleet, where he skillfully applied the experience of service, acquired in his time in the Baltic and Pacific Fleet. Then he was transferred to Moscow, where he served as head of the department operational management Naval Headquarters of the Navy. He was one of the participants in the work of the Yalta Conference, based on its results he prepared fighting of the Pacific Fleet Far East in future war with Japan. In 1945-1947 - Chief of Staff of the Kronstadt Marine Defense Region, Head of the Marine Department of the Main Operational Directorate General Staff. In 1947–1949 he was the head of a department and assistant to the head of the Main Directorate of the General Staff. Since 1949 - Chief of Staff of the 5th Navy, then - Pacific Fleet, commander of the 8th Navy, the Black Sea, and later the Northern Fleets. In 1964-1974 he was First Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the USSR Navy. Since 1974 - in the Group of General Inspectors of the USSR Ministry of Defense. Hero of the Soviet Union (1966), Admiral of the Fleet Kasatonov - one of the leading organizers of the development of the nuclear fleet. Made a trip on a nuclear-powered ship to the area North Pole. In 1971-1972 he headed the Soviet delegation in negotiations with the US Navy. As a result, the agreement "On the Prevention of Incidents on the High Seas and in Airspace" was adopted. Awarded 14 orders. Vladimir Afanasyevich died in 1989. He was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery.
Purpose: The frigate is designed to conduct combat operations against surface ships and submarines in oceanic and sea areas, as well as to repel air attacks both independently and as part of a formation of ships.
Peculiarities
Frigates are made according to modern concept stealth ships. They have missile weapons built into the hull, and a solid superstructure, which is made using composite materials (based on polyvinyl chloride and carbon fibers). This ensures the absorption and dispersion of radio waves, which significantly reduces the level of the ship's secondary radar field. The effective dispersion surface is significantly reduced, all this is ensured, in addition to the use of the above materials, also by the original configuration of the superstructure. The aft end of the ship is transom. A sharp stem should provide the ship with good seaworthiness. The frigates have a double bottom, which stretches from the bow compartments with ammunition to the engine room and aft valance. Installed new stabilizers with non-retractable rudders. Rolling dampening devices should ensure the confident use of the entire arsenal of weapons in seas up to 4-5 points. The missile ammunition will be stored in vertical launchers with additional protection. A hangar has been installed at the stern, which can accommodate one Ka-28 helicopter.
Power point
For the ship, a diesel-gas turbine power plant with a total capacity of 65,000 hp was chosen as the power plant. with. Installation of a diesel-gas turbine unit of the CODAG type, which ensures the joint operation of diesel engines and gas turbine engines in the DGTA-M55MR unit. This solution will allow you to get more total power and efficiency at low speeds under diesel engines. The layout of the elements of the DGTU will most likely be placed in two compartments: gas turbine engines in the bow, and diesel engines in the aft engine room.
Two new diesel engines of the Kolomna Plant 10D49 of 3825 kW (5200 hp) with automated control will be installed as a marching unit, each has a two-speed reduction gear that provides joint and separate operation of diesel engines with a soundproof composite clutch, and a local control system. The accelerator will be represented by two M90FR gas turbine engines jointly developed by NPO Saturn and NPP Zarya-Mashproekt with a capacity of 27,500 hp each. Thus, on two main diesel engines, the ship will have a power of 10400 hp, which will correspond to 15-16 knots. economical move. And at full speed with the joint operation of diesel engines and turbines - 64800 hp. which should be enough for 29-30 knots. full speed for a ship of this displacement. It should be noted that this is the most optimal solution for a ship of this class and earlier in the domestic fleet was not implemented only because of the complexity of the design, the great complexity of controlling the installation due to the different principle of regulating the main and accelerator engines and the unwillingness of the developers of the units to take on the development of the entire installation in complex.
Armament
Two universal ship firing systems 3S14U1 (two standard modules of eight cells in total) designed to store and launch sixteen anti-ship cruise missiles ZM55 Oniks (PJ-10 BrahMos), or anti-ship and anti-submarine missiles of the Caliber-NKE family (3M- 54, 3M14, 91RTE2). The use of this complex makes this warship truly multi-purpose. Since its combat purpose can be easily changed by replacing the ammunition with a different type of missiles.
SAM: It was originally planned to install the Hurricane air defense system (or its modernized version Shtil-1) on the ship. But most likely this idea will be abandoned, since since the 90s, work has been underway to create a new medium-range air defense system with vertical cell-type launchers for 32 or more missiles. Under this launcher, a new short-range missile is being actively developed - up to 10 km, with a diameter of 125 mm, an analogue of the RVV-AE (9m100) aviation SAM. Up to four missiles can be placed in one cell, and in this case, the ship's full ammunition load can grow to 128 small-range missiles, which, you see, is important. The new anti-aircraft system is called Poliment-Redut, and it will be maximally unified with the Vityaz mobile land complex currently being developed.
The complex will include 4 phased antenna arrays (AFAR) "Polyment", a general-view radar, an air defense system "Redut" with vertical launchers (VLU) for medium and short-range missiles, as well as under the promising missiles being created, the complex will include systems of a single controls, electronic warfare equipment, artillery mounts A-192 and ZAK "Broadsword", all elements will work and be controlled in a single air defense circuit, providing all-round air defense of the ship from aircraft and low-flying targets. The complex will be able to simultaneously issue target designation for at least 16 targets (4 for each PAR). The complex will be able to maintain a rate of fire of up to one rocket per second. After that, the low-flying targets that have broken through will be finished off with the help of artillery. The system will also suppress missile guidance systems with its EW systems. All this allows you to create an air defense system with a single circuit. In addition, this will reduce the number of combat posts and significantly reduce the crew of the ship.
Artillery complex: new 130-mm A-192 artillery mount (firing range up to 22 km, rate of fire - 30 rounds per minute). The artillery system has a wide range of firing angles (170/80°); the range of ammunition allows it to hit coastal, sea and air targets, and the new 5P-10 Puma artillery fire control radar system has a multi-channel system for fired targets. Next to the helicopter hangar, it is planned to place two combat modules of the Broadsword ZRAK on the sides.
Anti-submarine weapons: will consist of 2 Medvedka-2 launchers. This complex will have four missiles in each launch module and will also be located on the sides in the area of the middle part of the superstructure behind the hatches. Enemy submarines will be detected by the ZARYA-M sonar system or its further modernization and the VIGNETKA-M low-frequency active-passive sonar station. This station consists of a towed flexible extended antenna (GPBA) and a low-frequency emitter, which ensures effective detection of low-noise submarines in sonar mode. In addition, simultaneously with the sonar, the sonar system is operating, which will make it possible to detect torpedoes and surface ships at a great distance - up to 60 km.
Aviation component: Ka-28 anti-submarine helicopter.
Basic performance characteristics
Displacement - 3900/4500 tons,
Main dimensions, m: length - 130-135,
Width - 16,
Draft - 4.5,
Power plant - Diesel-gas turbine power plant,
Power - 65,000 liters. with. (general),
2 diesel engines 10D49 with a capacity of 5200 liters each. with.,
2 gas turbine engines M90FR with a capacity of 27,500 liters each. with.,
Full speed, knots – 29,
Cruising range, miles (knots) - 4000 (14 knots),
Autonomy, day - 30,
Number of shafts - 2,
Type of screws - VFSh,
Crew, pers. – 180-210,
Armament:
Rocket - UKKS: 2x8,
SAM - 4x8 SAM "Redut",
AU - 130mm (A-192),
ZRAK - 2 BM "Broadsword",
PLUR - 2x4 "Medvedka-2",
AB - 1 Ka-28 helicopter.
PATROL SHIP (FRIGATE) OF THE ADMIRAL GORSHKOV TYPE
PROJECT 22350
FRIGATE "ADMIRAL GORSHKOV" PROJECT 22350
25.04.2019
The frigate "Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Gorshkov", the rescue tug "Nikolai Chiker" and the multifunctional logistics vessel "Elbrus" took part in the celebrations dedicated to the 70th anniversary naval forces People's Liberation Army of China. On April 23, a naval parade took place, in which a Russian frigate led the parade formation of ships, and support vessels closed it.
At present, the Severomorians continue their official visit to China. Arrived in Qingdao today sea tanker"Kama", accompanying a detachment of ships of the Northern Fleet on a long voyage.
In accordance with the program of the visit, the frigate "Admiral Gorshkov" and support vessels are open for visiting by the civilian population. Russian sailors carry out replenishment of ship reserves to the established norms, visit foreign ships that arrived for the holiday, and make excursions to the sights of Qingdao.
Today and tomorrow, sports teams from the crew of the Admiral Gorshkov frigate will take part in competitions with their Chinese counterparts in table tennis, tug of war and boat rowing. The sailors will also play friendly football and basketball matches.
The departure of a detachment of ships and vessels of the Northern Fleet from Qingdao is scheduled for April 26.
A detachment of ships and vessels of the Northern Fleet, led by the frigate Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Gorshkov, set out on a long voyage from Severomorsk on February 26. For the frigate, this trip is the first in its history. Since the beginning of the long-distance voyage, the ship has traveled 14,000 nautical miles, completed several ship-wide defensive exercises, and made business calls to Djibouti and the island of Sri Lanka to replenish supplies and rest the crew.
Press Service of the Northern Fleet
MOSCOW, February 17 - RIA Novosti, Andrey Kots. The honor of demonstrating the St. Andrew's flag in the world's oceans will most often fall on the "Admiral's series" - frigates of the basic project 22350 and the modernized 22350M. . As Commander-in-Chief of the Navy Admiral Vladimir Korolev said at the end of the week in an interview with Krasnaya Zvezda, this year the lead frigate of the series will be handed over to the sailors. At the same time, specialists from the Northern Design Bureau will create an improved version of the ship. Project 22350 is the most advanced and technologically advanced development of Russian shipbuilders. About its features - in the material of RIA Novosti.
"Floating Research Institute"
The lead frigate of project 22350 "Admiral Gorshkov" began to be built at Severnaya Verf back in 2006. This is the first large surface warship laid down after the collapse of the USSR. And which! The shipbuilders were initially faced with the task of creating a fundamentally new frigate, stuffed with the most modern technologies, many of which were not previously used in the Navy. "Admiral Gorshkov" should be as versatile as possible: equally effectively deal with both surface and underwater targets, attack objects on land with high-precision weapons, counter the aircraft of a potential enemy, conduct reconnaissance, taking advantage of stealth, and perform many other tasks. The complexity and ambitiousness of the project is the main reason that the deadline for handing over the ship to the fleet has been “shifted to the right” several times. It is expected to enter service in August 2018.
The Admiral Gorshkov is the most technologically sophisticated, modern and advanced ship of the Russian Navy, Viktor Murakhovsky, editor-in-chief of Arsenal of the Fatherland magazine, told RIA Novosti. - Its building is a research institute named after Admiral Sergei Georgievich Gorshkov. Since 2006, all new items have been tested on the lead ship: from radio-electronic equipment to anti-aircraft missile systems and artillery installations. All the most advanced was installed on the frigate, despite the fact that development work on a number of technologies had not yet been completed. A lot had to be done along the way. Of course, such a ship cannot be brought to mind quickly. But when it is finally ready, the fleet will receive a very serious reinforcement."
The final state tests of the frigate "Admiral Gorshkov" will be held in the springProject 22350 frigates are designed to conduct combat operations in the far ocean zone against enemy surface ships and submarines, repel air attack attacks, both independently and as part of a formation of ships.According to the expert, the striking power of the frigate with a total displacement of 5400 tons will be provided by 16 vertical launch units (VLA) for cruise missiles of the Caliber family. From the threat from the air, it will be covered by the Poliment-Redut anti-aircraft missile system, created specifically for Russian ships new projects, as well as two anti-aircraft artillery systems "Broadsword" - for close combat. The universal 130 mm AK-192 cannon with a rate of fire of 30 rounds per minute has a firing range of up to 23 kilometers. Anti-submarine weapons are represented by four Paket-NK torpedo tubes, adopted by the Navy in 2008. The new on-board information and control system will link all the ship's equipment into a network with a single control, and the radio-electronic system for lighting the surface and underwater situation will not allow the enemy to get close to the frigate unnoticed.
“Naturally, all control systems are digital,” Viktor Murakhovsky admired. “Digital data buses, digital signal processing, and so on. In fact, the new frigate is a floating computer capable of solving many problems with little or no human intervention. Of course, he integrated into the command and control system of the ship strike group (KG), the fleet and the global information and reconnaissance space that Russia is forming, including in the seas and oceans."
For all its complexity, the Admiral Gorshkov is a fairly fast ship with excellent seaworthiness. It will reach speeds of up to 30 knots and cover distances of up to four thousand nautical miles at 14 knots. From 180 to 210 sailors, midshipmen and team officers will be able to stay in autonomous navigation for about a month.
In the next series
To date, the Ministry of Defense has ordered four Project 22350 ships: Admiral Gorshkov, Admiral Kasatonov, Admiral Golovko and Admiral Isakov. It is expected that these frigates will replenish the combat strength of the Northern and Pacific fleets by 2020-2022. However, the series will not be limited to four "admirals". In the future, Severnaya Verf will begin construction of modernized frigates under project 23500M. To date, little is known about him. The media reported that the new ships will have a displacement of six and a half to eight thousand tons. The increase in size will allow you to place more systems weapons.
“The upgraded project will be partly a work on the mistakes identified during the operation of the first four frigates,” Viktor Murakhovsky explained. “This is an eternal story in the fleet: each subsequent series of ships is different from the previous one. You can look at the experience of other countries. American destroyers like Arley Burke in general "They are not alike. The modernization of the fleet is an ongoing process, and I really hope that our defense industry will withstand this test. We need at least 10-12 Project 22350 ships to effectively carry out the tasks prescribed in the new naval doctrine."
Modernized frigates of the "Admiral's series" should have time to enter the state armaments program for 2018-2027. During this period, the Navy plans to receive 35 ships, of which 20 are surface ships, one submarine and 14 support vessels. However, no one is going to rush shipbuilders: the crews have yet to properly master the new generation of basic frigates, and the country's military leadership has yet to fit them into the structure of the fleet.
Modern Russian Navy is currently undergoing a period of technical re-equipment. The huge naval economy inherited after the collapse of the Soviet Union is undergoing revision. Hopelessly obsolete ships are withdrawn from the fleets and are decommissioned. Other warships, of later construction, either stand at the factory wall, awaiting their future fate, or are undergoing modernization. However, life does not stand still. The fleet continues to be replenished with new, modern combat units. To replace the old, still Soviet-built missile cruisers and large anti-submarine ships, new generation warships are being introduced into the fleet.
The fleets already have small missile ships and corvettes that perform tasks to protect the country's maritime borders. However, a special place for raising the combat potential of the fleet today is given to the creation of ships in the far sea zone. In this aspect, the high naval command is now relying on Project 22350 frigates, capable of replacing the old missile cruisers.
Modern frigate for the domestic fleet
The appearance of a frigate in the Russian fleet, as a class of combat ships, is not a new phenomenon. Since the era of the sailing fleet, ships of this class have been the largest amount of work. Russian frigates carried out combat duty and reconnaissance on the near approaches to coastal facilities, took part in battles as part of the linear forces. With the beginning of the era of the steam fleet, frigates, as a class of warships, were forced to go into the shadows. Cruisers took their place. For almost 50 years, frigates disappeared from sight. Only after the end of the Second World War did the turn come again for these ships to appear on the expanses of the world's oceans. The new ships have firmly occupied their niche in the combat structure of foreign fleets, taking a place in the combat formation between destroyers and cruisers.
In the Soviet Union, unlike the fleets of other countries, there were no ships of the frigate class, since the classification of ships according to their purpose was adopted. The functions of the frigate were carried out by patrol ships. In terms of their functional qualities and combat equipment, Soviet patrol boats were full-fledged combat vessels capable of not only operating in the coastal zone, but also performing a wide range of tasks at a considerable distance from their own bases. After the collapse of the USSR, a reform was carried out in the Russian Navy that affected the classification of combat ships. All patrol ships of the Large Anti-Submarine Ships, which are part of the fleet, were reclassified as frigates.
Russia began to build new ships of this type only in the new millennium, when the old guard in the face of the former BOD and Grozny-class missile cruisers finally lost their positions.
The new project 22350 frigates being commissioned should fill the gap that arose after the decommissioning of the project 58 Admiral Golovko missile cruiser. It was this ship that became the last representative of the class of combat ships, which, in terms of their tactical and technical characteristics, were more like frigates. Modern domestic frigates should become a powerful striking element of the fleet, enhancing the combat readiness of the Russian fleet anywhere in the world ocean with their presence.
In accordance with their tactical and technical characteristics, the Project 22350 ships must have a cruising range of more than 4,000 miles and a navigation autonomy of 30 days. In terms of displacement and armament, the new ships are slightly inferior to the Slava-class missile cruisers, surpassing the latter in terms of protection, electronic equipment and fire control. The plans of the naval leadership are to create a new powerful core of the high seas fleet from the new Project 22350 frigates.
It was originally planned to strengthen all Russian fleets. However, in the future, it was decided to concentrate on equipping the Black Sea Fleet with new ships.
Creation of project 22350 and construction program
In accordance with the old classification, the new ship was created as a patrol ship, designed to sail away from the main deployment sites. As before, the development of the project was carried out by the Northern Design Bureau - one of the leading domestic enterprises in this direction. In 2003, after improvements and the correlation of design parameters with the terms of reference, project number 22350 was approved by the country's Supreme Naval Leadership.
In accordance with state program the implementation of the project included the construction of 20 vessels of this type. The construction and commissioning of new frigates took 15-20 years. Construction is planned to be carried out at four shipyards: at the Baltic Shipyard, at the Kaliningrad Shipyard Yantar, at the Severnaya Shipyard and at the Admiralty Shipyard in St. Petersburg.
The first contract for the construction of a project 22350 frigate under the terms of the tender was won by PJSC Shipyard Severnaya Verf, at whose facilities the lead ship of the Admiral Gorshkov frigate series was laid down on February 1, 2006. Problems with the technical equipment of the new ship and a long choice of the weapon system optimal for ships of this class led to the fact that the Admiral Gorshkov was built for more than 4 years. The launch of the ship took place on October 29, 2010, after which the Ministry of Defense signed two more contracts with St. Petersburg shipbuilders, in 2010 and in 2011 for the construction of 7 ships of this project.
Severnaya Verf has been chosen as the sole and main supplier of Project 22350 ships for the domestic fleet. All vessels ordered for the construction should come into operation no earlier than 2019. In the future, it is planned to build ships according to the improved project 22350M.
The commissioning of the frigate "Admiral Gorshkov" was greatly delayed. Until today, the ship is undergoing state tests. From this moment in the history of the program for the construction of combat ships of this class, interesting moments. The first ship of the series, the frigate Admiral Kasatonov, was laid down in 2009, but its final completion dragged on even longer. Only in 2019 the ship was launched. The commissioning of the ship was expected only in 2019, subject to strict compliance with all the terms of the contract.
At the forum on the Internet in those years, there was an active debate on the topic of what was the main reason for such a delay in the commissioning of new ships. There are different opinions on this matter, but most likely, the main factor in such a long construction of both ships lies in the unsatisfied technical condition of the main ship components and assemblies.
Today you can find information on forums where it is reported that the main propulsion system failed during factory tests on the lead ship of the Admiral Gorshkov frigate. Instead of repairing the ship, it was decided to install a similar gas turbine engine, taken from the second ship. The failed engine was planned to be sent for repair and revision, after which they wanted to install it on the donor ship.
For reference: The main propulsion engines for Project 22350 frigates were manufactured by the Ukrainian company Zarya. In accordance with the decision of the RNBO of Ukraine, the supply of gas turbine units for equipping Russian frigates has been terminated.
The development of analogues of the Ukrainian product has begun at NPO Saturn and should completely displace Ukrainian components from the design of Russian warships.
The latest news for 2019-2016 reports that the lead frigate of project 22350 made a test transition from the Baltic to the White Sea, having traveled more than 2 thousand nautical miles on its own. At the range, combat launches of anti-ship missiles were carried out from the ship, and anti-aircraft missile systems were tested. A final decision is expected to be made on the acceptance of the ship into the active fleet.
The second ship from the long-suffering series, the frigate Admiral Golovko, was laid down in 2012. The ship was named in honor of the famous Soviet naval commander Arseniy Grigoryevich Golovko and should continue the combat traditions of its predecessor, the Project 58 missile cruiser Admiral Golovko.
This warship, expelled from the fleet in 2002, continued to carry out combat service in the Black Sea for more than 30 years. In terms of displacement and type of armament, these ships are most reminiscent of modern frigates. The missile cruisers, similar to the Admiral Golovko, were tasked with performing combat missions and demonstrating the flag in different regions.
The launch of a new ship of the same name is planned for 2019. The latest news from the stock indicates that the ship has only 50% readiness. In addition, the delivery of a gas turbine propulsion system by NPO Saturn within the specified time frame is in doubt.
The third ship of the series "Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Isakov" was laid down at Severnaya Shipyard in November 2013. As with the previous vessels of project 22350, the issue of timely commissioning of a combat unit is in question.
Design features of the ships of project 22350
Initially, the frigate was designed as a ship with high seaworthiness. The ship's hull has an extended forecastle, which ensures good seaworthiness for the ship in stormy weather with waves of 4-5 points. The hull is equipped with side stabilizers with non-retractable rudders.
The superstructure of the frigate is made of composite materials, due to which the radio-acoustic background of the ship is significantly reduced. The physical fields of the new ship have been reduced to a minimum. The stealth technology used in the design of the ship makes it invisible to the radars of the ships of a potential enemy. The survivability of the vessel is ensured by a double bottom, which is present throughout 70% of the hull and a universal fire extinguishing system.
Power plant
The main propulsion system on the new frigates today is represented by two gas turbine engines M90FR with a total capacity of 55 thousand liters. with. Engines - the result joint work the Russian NPO Saturn and the Ukrainian NPP Zorya-Mashproekt. Gas turbine units are 4th generation engines and are capable of providing ships with high speed and running characteristics. Max speed of the vessel in the forced mode of operation of the power plant is 29 knots.
The economic progress is provided by two diesel engines 10D49 with a capacity of 5200 hp. everyone. With an economical course at a speed of 14 knots, the frigate is capable of covering a distance of up to 4,000 miles.
Weapon systems
Starting with the lead ship Admiral Gorshkov, it is planned to equip the new frigates with the most modern systems weapons. In terms of power and type of armament, the frigate can be roughly approximated to Grozny-class missile cruisers. The main strike power of the ship lies in 16 Moskit anti-ship missiles, which are a modification of the Caliber-NK missile system. Like other new Russian combat vessels, the frigates are equipped with the A-192 universal automatic artillery mount.
In addition to offensive weapons, Project 22350 ships were equipped with new Medvedka-2 anti-submarine systems. Distinctive feature of this complex was that the missiles were launched from vertical shafts hidden in the hull of a warship. The hydroacoustic state of the underwater horizon was assessed by the Vignetka-M system, thanks to which it became possible to detect an enemy submarine at a distance of up to 60 km.
Air defense was carried out by modules of the Redut anti-aircraft missile system. In addition to anti-aircraft missiles, the threat from the air and to combat small targets at sea must be countered by the broadsword general-purpose missile and gun system.
In addition to the main types of weapons, all ships of this project had Ka-27 helicopters.
The situation with the progress of construction and commissioning of project 22350 frigates
As of 2019, only the lead ship can be considered ready for commissioning the fleet. The delay in commissioning the ship was due to practical necessity. On the frigate "Admiral Gorshkov" all types of weapons were tested, which will later be installed on serial warships. Today, the last tests of all the main systems of the ship are being hastily carried out on the ship. The practical experience gained as a result of research and testing should be useful for compiling the optimal set of weapons for frigates of the entire admiral line. In addition to the three ships that have already materialized in metal, Russian Navy by 2020, more than a dozen new ships should enter. All ships are planned to be named after Russian naval commanders.
The state of the second ship of the Admiral Kasatonov frigate series causes the greatest skepticism. The ship continues assembly and mechanical work to fine-tune the propulsion system. According to military experts and shipbuilders, it remains to mount the turbine itself on the ship. All other components and assemblies are installed and connected and tied. The readiness of the ship is estimated as 80%. All electrical parts and electromechanical equipment have long been in a ready state. Finished fine-tuning of general ship systems for the subsequent transfer of the ship to the crew. Throughout 2019, a phased installation of weapons systems on the warship was carried out. First, PRK launchers were installed on the frigate, then the ship's air defense systems and artillery weapons were installed.
The first serial sample should be transferred to the fleet at the end of 2019, at the beginning of 2019. After the laying of the vessel, neither more nor less than 8 years have passed.
The second production ship, the frigate Admiral Golovko, was supposed to enter service in 2019 in accordance with the construction program. However, work is still underway on the ship with the hull and the issue of readiness for the new frigate of the gas turbine plant is not at all clear. NPO Saturn promises to transfer gas turbine propulsion systems to equip the ship in the fourth quarter of 2019. Assessing the progress of construction, we can conclude that the commissioning of the ship, with the most optimistic estimates, will take place no earlier than 2020.
3.5 years have passed since the laying of the third serial frigate "Admiral Fleet Isakov" (November 2013). In the summer of 2019, it is planned to begin installation and installation of the propulsion system on the ship. As with the previous sister ships, an emergency delivery of a combat ship and a hasty commissioning of the ship are expected. The lengthy construction of ships today has caused many of the ship's systems to be considered obsolete. The rapid development of electronics, emerging in last years, becomes the reason that combat modules and ship control systems quickly become obsolete.
Russia's latest ocean-class ships, Project 22350 frigates, have been under construction for more than 11 years. Despite this age, combat ships have not yet lost their main tactical and technical characteristics. The technological resource of the project provides a solid foundation for the subsequent construction of ships and their operation. Almost all ship systems and combat modules, even today, are considered the most modern. As for the ship's hull and its aesthetics, Russian frigates are beyond competition. There are no similar samples in foreign fleets yet.
In technological terms, the ships of project 22350 are the most prepared. Long-term construction and practical tests of the lead ship prepared production facilities for better construction of subsequent products.
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