Based on materials
Vladimir Laminsky; Mariam Starostenko.
5th Kletnyanskaya partisan brigade was established on July 21, 1941. The beginning of its creation was laid by the birth of a small (15 people) partisan detachment behind enemy lines in the area of the village of Zeleny Prudok, Mstislavsky district. The initiator of the creation of the partisan detachment "Fearless" was a clerk rifle regiment 110 Infantry Division Eremin Alexander Mikhailovich, a native of the city of Serpukhov, Moscow Region. In a difficult unequal battle with the Nazis, the regiment was defeated and the surviving soldiers and officers of the Red Army found themselves behind enemy lines.
Eremin Alexander, Monakin Alexander, Gavryukhin Semyon, Kishti ...... (probably (new) in the document the end of the surname is not readable) Mikhail, Zabelin Sergey - the first partisans of the Fearless detachment.
July 28, 1941 this small group of partisans was joined by Korolev Roman Yegorovich (he recently worked as chairman of the party commission of the Central Committee of the CPB) and Sviridenko Seliverst Ab (v) Ramovich (the second letter in the document is not readable), who was left behind enemy lines on the instructions of the Central Committee of the CPB. Lived in the city of Kostyukovichi. In 1980 he died.
In November 1941 a detachment led by Eremin moved to the Mglinsky district of the Bryansk region. From this area, the partisans carried out military raids into the Kletnyansky, Surazhsky districts of the Bryansk region and the Khotimsky, Kostyukovichsky districts of the Mogilev region.
Partisan detachments began to join the Fearless partisan detachment, which acted in small groups.
In 1942 in December, Eremin joined the partisan detachment partisan detachment"For Soviet Belarus" created by Captain Mikhail Ivanovich Skandilov, Senior Lieutenant Venedikt Mikhailovich Platonov (later Hero of the Soviet Union) and Lieutenant Sergei Zerfin in the forest near the village of Trusok, Kostyukovichi District.
In December 1942 The Western Headquarters of the Partisan Movement (Chief of Staff Secretary of the Smolensk OK CPSU Comrade Popov) issued an order to create the 5th Kletnyanskaya Partisan Brigade on the basis of the Fearless Partisan Detachment. The commander of the brigade is appointed Eremin Alexander Mikhailovich, the commissar is the senior political instructor Sedov Sokrat Ivanovich, the chief of staff Muravyov Mikhail.
The brigade was made up of:
13th partisan regiment. Regiment commander Captain Kabyshev Dmitry Efimovich;
The detachment "For Soviet Belarus" became the first separate battalion;
Separate cavalry squadron.
The brigade withstood two strong blockades of the Nazis in the winter and summer of 1942-1943.
In March 1943, the fifth Kletnyanskaya brigade was redeployed through the Unecha-Orsha railway to the Kostyukovichi district, Mogilev region.
On September 29, 1943, the partisan brigade joined forces with the Red Army in the area of the Sozh River.
Combat operations carried out by partisans of the 5th Kletnyanskaya partisan brigade behind enemy lines in the Kostyukovichi region. /recorded from the archives of the Smolensk Central Committee of the CPSU/
On February 18, 1942, the Zhurbin railway station was destroyed. The station premises and other buildings were burned down, the traffic light and arrows were blown up. 19 Germans killed. The loss of the partisans is one person. Eremin A.M. led the operation.
The Belynkovichsky distillery was destroyed and the supply of alcohol was taken out. The plant was not restored until the liberation by our troops.
On the night of November 29-30, 1942, the Belynkovichi station was destroyed /150 German guards/. As a result of the operation, 2 barracks, 5 buildings were burned, 2 semaphores, 5 arrows were blown up, and the railway track was destroyed in four places. 10 telephone poles blown up. The battle with the Germans lasted 4 hours. 15 Germans were killed, no wounded were found. Partisan losses 7 killed.
A railway was blown up near Zhurbin station. Boni Bridge. For four days on the Kostyukovichi-Khotimsk highway, the partisans of the 5th partisan brigade destroyed 3 German motorcycles, 1 passenger car, 1 truck, 33 Germans were killed, including 3 officers.
On March 28, 1943, and in 10 days, 220 people entered the partisan brigade from the Kostyukovichi region.
On April 26, 1942, the partisans of the brigade fought on the bridge across the Surov River on the Kostyukovichi-Khotimsk highway. The bridge was burned, 18 Nazis were killed, 12 and one officer were taken prisoner.
In the city of Kostyukovichi, partisans dressed in German uniforms destroyed a food warehouse and forestry. Taken 2 barrels of alcohol, several boxes of matches, cigarettes. 2 horses with sledges were taken away.
March 23, 1943 on the railway. Orsha - Unecha near Zhurbin station, a group of demolition men led by Azarov destroyed the railway. canvas at a distance of a kilometer. The road was closed for the whole day.
On May 21, 1943, the Samotevich German police point was destroyed, on June 12 - Bratkovichskaya.
Other small combat operations.
The former commander of the 5th Kletnyanskaya partisan brigade is an honorary citizen of the city of Kostyukovichi. His portrait is placed in the leaflet "Honorary citizens of the city of Kostyukovichi."
A memorial sign was erected at the Belynkovichi station in memory of the military operations carried out by the courageous actions of the partisans of the 5th Kletnyanskaya partisan brigade.
Modest obelisks were built over the graves of the partisans of the 5th Kletnyansky brigade Vogrienko in the villages of Momonovka and Lopatkina in the village of Bratkovichi, who fell in battle with the Nazi invaders.
Significant assistance was provided by the 5th partisan brigade to those units of the Volkhov Front, which, breaking out to the Kiev highway, were surrounded by superior enemy forces. The 256th was surrounded rifle division, some parts of the 372nd division, separate units of the 7th tank brigade and other formations scattered at a considerable distance from each other, without ammunition and food.
The command of the 5th partisan brigade, knowing the battle area well, helped many small units to establish communication with each other, unite and, with the support of partisans, repel enemy attacks. The district party committee, which was here along with the command of the 5th brigade, helped organize the supply of the encircled troops, took care of the wounded, and evacuated them along the forest paths to the Soviet rear. At the call of the district committee, the population actively participated in helping the troops.
"The supply of the encircled group," the Leningrad headquarters of the partisan movement reported, "is carried out through the line of partisans. Separate scattered groups of Red Army soldiers are poured into and temporarily subordinate to the commander of the 5th partisan brigade." In terms of numbers, the 5th brigade outnumbered the encircled Soviet troops. One of its regiments, under the command of A.F. Tarakanov, acted together with the troops in the encirclement, and the rest outside it, striking at the rear and communications of the enemy group that carried out the encirclement.
The enemy persistently sought to destroy the Soviet units and the partisans operating with them with superior forces. Through the installed loudspeakers, the Nazis tried to demoralize the Soviet soldiers. "You are surrounded by a dense ring," they shouted, "do not trust the partisan bandits. If you do not surrender, you will be destroyed." Colonel A. G. Koziev, who arrived by order of the Military Council of the Volkhov Front by plane, led the encircled Soviet troops. "A. G. Koziev, - as the commissar of the 5th brigade I. I. Sergunin recalls, - commanded the army, and we (K. D. Karitsky and I. I. Sergunin. - Yu. P.) our partisan brigade" . For two weeks, Soviet troops and partisans fought surrounded.
The huge help of the partisans to the encircled troops was noted by the commander of the 59th Army, I. T. Korovnikov. “The partisan brigade under the command of K. D. Karitsky, and especially the partisan regiment of Tarakanov,” he wrote, “did everything possible to help the 256th division. They helped her with porters, horse-drawn vehicles, shared ammunition, delivered food (from the Uvarovo region - Menyushi), evacuated the wounded and sick to their partisan hospitals."
Partisan formations, especially the 5th and 11th brigades, largely contributed to the offensive of the troops of the Volkhov Front, their successful exit to the city of Luga.
Along with the disabling of the railways, the partisans intensified their attacks on the highways, which were dammed with columns of retreating enemy troops and their rear establishments, and wagon trains. By blocking roads, destroying bridges, setting up blockages, partisan detachments and formations, with the broad participation of the population, destroyed enemy manpower and equipment through ambushes.
An exceptionally tense struggle unfolded for the Kiev highway, which, after blocking the Warsaw road, became the main communication line for the 18th Army, especially its right-flank and central groupings. As the enemy troops retreated, the load on the Kiev highway increased. Army, corps, divisional and regimental rear areas have accumulated on this highway. Cars, wagons moved in 2-3 rows, columns with military equipment, tanks, armored vehicles, artillery were walking. Relying on large garrisons in a number of settlements and on railway stations, the Nazis tried to secure traffic on the highway.
Nikitenko N. V. Partisan brigade commanders: people and destinies (Commanders of partisan brigades operating in the occupied territory of the Leningrad and Kalinin regions during the Great Patriotic War)/ Nikitenko Nikolay Vasilievich. - Pskov: LLC "Velikolukskaya City Printing House", 2010. - 399 p., photo.
Nikitenko Nikolay Vasilievich
Local historian and historian, author of books about heroic history our Motherland, courage, talent and diligence of its inhabitants. In the new book, he gives an objective picture of the partisan struggle in the temporarily occupied territory of the Leningrad and Kalinin regions of the RSFSR during the Great Patriotic War, tells about its active organizers and participants - the commanders of the partisan brigades operating in these regions. This book is the result of painstaking work with archival documents, meetings and correspondence with veterans of the partisan movement, relatives of partisan brigade commanders and their comrades in the fight behind enemy lines.
“Despite the fact that there is already extensive literature on the partisan movement in the North-West of Russia during the Great Patriotic War, the book by N.V. Nikitenko "Partisan brigade commanders: people and destinies" is essential | significant contribution to the study of the people's struggle behind enemy lines. For the first time, she tells about the biographies and fates of all the commanders of the 13 Leningrad, 23 Kalinin and 2 Special partisan brigades of the North-Western Front, operating on the territory temporarily occupied by the Nazi invaders, provided with their photographs. Much of the material is presented for the first time. The author does not idealize the brigade commanders, shows difficult moments, reveals “white spots”, due to which the feeling of understatement about that dramatic time disappears.”
YES. Khalturin,
former commander of the 15th Kalinin partisan brigade
5th KALININSK PARTISAN BRIGADE
In the third part of the book "Commanders of the Kalinin partisan brigades" the author, on the basis of archival materials, restores biographies and tells about the fate of the commanders of the 5th Kalinin partisan brigade.
Margo Vladimir Ivanovich
(06/09/1913 - 10/17/1977) Commander of the 5th brigade from October 1942 until its connection with the Red Army in the summer of 1944 (after a short break - the period of command of the brigade M.I. Karnaushenko).
During the Great Patriotic War, Vladimir Ivanovich Margo, who had not previously served in the army, went from an ordinary partisan, a member of a small group of the Sebezh asset, to a major, commander of a brigade, which was one of the first and large formations of Kalinin partisans created in deep behind enemy lines, in the border areas of three republics - the RSFSR, Belarus and Latvia. The report on the combat activities of the brigade for the period from October 1942 to July 1944 takes up many pages, testifying to the significant damage inflicted on the enemy: 15 garrisons, 28 volost governments were defeated, 24 railway echelons were derailed, 10 tanks, 178 vehicles, dozens of bridges were destroyed and other objects - while the enemy lost 4,000 soldiers and officers killed and 1,500 wounded. In addition, ten thousand civilians were saved from hijacking into fascist slavery.
“The brigade commander Margot was under thirty, but he looked older than his years,” wrote N.M., the commander of the 10th brigade, who knew him well. Varaksov. - Solidity was given to him by a dark wedge-shaped beard, with which Vladimir Ivanovich did not part throughout the war. Short, dense, and in conversation, and in movements, a purely civilian person. Good-natured, calm, and only wary, steely eyes cast in moments of anger spoke of the remarkable willpower of the partisan - the former teacher.
Vladimir Ivanovich Margo was born in the village of Demyanitsa (Manushkino), Velikoluksky District. By nationality - Latvian. Father Ivan Yakovlevich and mother Olga Yakovlevna were peasants, but they tried to give their children an education, to bring them “to the people”. After graduating from the Velikoluksky Pedagogical College, he was sent to the Sebezhsky District as the head of the Perelazov school of the first stage, then as a teacher at the Prikhabsky school of collective farm youth. Before the start of World War II, he had six years of work as a teacher and school inspector, three years as head of the district department public education. Member of the CPSU (b) since 1941.
In June 1941 he joined the regional fighter battalion. With a group of party and economic activists under the leadership of the first secretary of the district committee of the party F.A. Krivonosov left Sebezh and arrived in the city of Toropets. There, the task of the Kalinin regional party committee was received - to return to their area, occupied by the Germans, and get acquainted with the situation, expand political work in the villages, start organizing partisan detachments, in a word, raise people to fight the enemy.
The commander of a small detachment that set off in Return trip a few days later, V.Ya. was appointed. Vinogradov, head of the Sebezh regional department of the NKVD, commissioner - F.A. Krivonosoe. During August-September 1941, the group managed, having visited many villages, to establish contacts with reliable Soviet people, to commit several sabotage, to fire on a German convoy. IN AND. Margot gained invaluable experience behind enemy lines. But they failed to gain a foothold in order to conduct an armed struggle - the invaders began an active search for members of the group, they had to spend the night in the forest, and the cold came. At the end of October, a decision was made - to break into the Soviet rear or join with a stronger detachment.
“This path was not easy and long,” recalled V.I. Margot. - In the Pustoshkinsky district, we were tracked down by units of security forces, and with difficulty we escaped from the encirclement. We failed to meet the partisans in the Novosokolnichesky district ... Only near Velikiye Luki did we finally meet with the partisan detachment. But the transition through the front line ended in failure: in the area of the Okhvat station, the group ran into a large German detachment and was dispersed. IN AND. Margo, left with three comrades, spent the night in the forest, severely frostbite on his feet, and he could not walk: he was taken on a sled to the village to his parents. For two months he was treated with them, and then he established contact with the Nevel partisans, through them - with the Kalinin regional party committee.
From Kalinin they were sent for short-term courses to the city of Kimry - they taught tactics behind enemy lines. After their graduation, V.I. Margo was appointed commander, and A.S. Kulesh - the commissar of the detachment of submachine gunners, formed for operations as part of the 2nd brigade G.N. Arbuzov, which was stationed in the Nevelsk region. “On May 22, the detachment set off for its destination,” wrote V.I. Margo and A.S. Kulesh. - But we were drawn to our Sebezh district. And in this regard, we were helped by the fact that no one knew the actual situation in the area of Idritsa and Sebezh, and our desire was in the interests of the task force of the 3rd shock army and the regional department of the NKVD. Therefore, we were allowed to change direction and go out for action in the areas of Pustoshkinsky, Idritsky and "if possible" Sebezhsky.
A detachment of 67 people crossed the front line and on the first of August ended up on the territory of the Pustoshkinsky district. “We operated there until September 17, replenished the detachment to 102 people, and on September 20 we arrived in the northern part of the Sebezh region.” The situation here was already different from what it was in the autumn of 1941, when the group of V.Ya. Vinogradov. In the spring of 1942, in the Sebezhsky district, spontaneously, without “settings” from above, on the initiative of patriotic citizens, several partisan groups arose, consisting mainly of commanders and Red Army soldiers who were surrounded or escaped from captivity. They were commanded by P.P. Konopatkin, K.F. Nikiforov, I.S. Leonov, A.S. Volodin and others. And although they did not act in an organized and active manner, they had burned bridges, wrecked cars, destroyed invaders and traitors. By autumn, these groups united into two - A.S. Volodin and I.S. Leonov - with a total number of 52 people. “Until October 4, we sought out and united the groups of Volodin and Leonov, recruited the most stable part of those liable for military service, and from October 4 to 6, in the Lokhovnya forest, we formed a brigade consisting of three detachments.”
“The brigade commander approved me,” wrote V.I. Margot. “Kulesh was appointed commissar, who soon after Krivonosov left for the Soviet rear ... also assumed the duties of the first secretary of the Sebezh underground district party committee.” Lieutenant K.F. was appointed chief of staff of the brigade. Nikiforov, A.T. Shcherbina, V.N. Nikonov, E.I. Malakhovskiy. Combat activity began - already in October, the garrisons in the villages of Borisenki and Tomsino were defeated. These and other operations, as well as the raid of the 1st Kalinin partisan corps, confused the occupiers and their henchmen, and, on the contrary, volunteers who wanted to fight the enemy reached out to the brigade. By the summer of 1943, there were already four detachments in the brigade and in them - over 600 people, and by the summer of 1944 - eight detachments, uniting 1163 people.
December 15, 1942 V.I. Margo was invited to the village of Oderevo, which is 30 kilometers from Sebezh, where the headquarters of the raiding 4th brigade, headed by Captain V.M. Lisovsky. He handed over the order of the head of the operational group of the 3rd shock army I.N. Krivosheev dated December 1 on the subordination of "Margot's detachment in the amount of one hundred people to Comrade Lisovsky." These were outdated data - the detachment had long ago become a brigade, the number of which was three times greater than in August. “Quite restrainedly, I said that we no longer had a detachment, but a brigade, I would obey the order, but first I would inform the underground district party committee about this,” V.I. Margot. - As he decides, so be it. Lisovsky agreed with my opinion. Of course, on the part of V.I. Margo, this was a “move” bordering on a refusal, he was sure that the “district committee”, who is in his brigade, would support the brigade commander in his desire to maintain independence and not obey the “newcomers”. When on the radio V.M. Lisovsky Margo and Kulesh contacted a member of the Military Council of the Kalinin Front, the chief of staff of the partisan movement of the region S.S. Belchenko and reported their opinion, then in response they received a radiogram: the brigade was allowed to remain independent, but to strengthen the 4th brigade, transfer one of the detachments to it. This decision was a compromise - V.M. Lisovsky was given a detachment of Malakhovsky numbering 129 people and groups of V. Rybakov and M. Wallas.
Headquarters of the 5th partisan brigade. In the first row (from left to right) - the second - the commissar of the brigade A.S. Kulesh, the third - brigade commander V.I. Margot, far right - Chief of Staff of the Brigade L.X. Sloboda. October 1943
Soon another personnel order followed, about which V.I. For some reason, Margot did not say a word in his book The Burning Forest, although he touched him personally. In the “Historical Reference” this moment is stated as follows: “Until February 1943, Comrade Margot was the brigade commander. Then, for unknown reasons, Captain Karnaushenko M.I. was sent from the Soviet rear to the post of brigade commander. But he did not provide this work, and after several indecent incidents he was recalled, and on April 27, 1943, Comrade Margo took back command of the brigade. It seems that the "unknown reasons" were not a secret for the command of the brigade: most likely the higher headquarters was not satisfied with the combat work. Margo during this period was appointed deputy brigade commander for reconnaissance instead of senior lieutenant P.P. Konopatkin. (M.I. Karnaushenko and V.I. Margo were appointed to positions by order of the KShPD of December 28, 1942, again V.I. Margo was appointed brigade commander from May 10, 1943. - Approx. N.N.).
The brigade carried out not only military operations, but also active political work with the population, established close ties with the underground of Sebezh, Opochka, had an agent network, which consisted of 167 people by the time the brigade was disbanded, in many enemy garrisons and settlements. In 1943, the influence of the partisans was so great that it was decided to form governing bodies - seven sections, headed by commandants from partisans - local residents. In all villages, on the recommendation of the commandants, partisan elders were appointed. The commandants and elders resolved the issues of land use and the distribution of hayfields among the peasants, regulated the procurement of provisions for partisan detachments, organized the rescue of the population during punitive expeditions, and provided assistance to victims of the punitive forces. About half a million rubles were collected for the country's defense fund, a significant amount - for the construction of the Kalinin partisan tank column.
For the entire period, the 5th brigade operated in the Sebezh region, not leaving it even during the most difficult periods of punitive expeditions. Lokhovnya, a tract located fifteen kilometers from Sebezh, became the partisan capital. It stretches in a continuous array for many kilometers towards Latvia and Krasnogorodsk. The detachments of the brigade were based at different periods in the villages of Borovoye, Aguryanovo and others.
Detachments of the 5th brigade, together with other formations of the Kalinin, Belarusian and Latvian partisans, repeatedly opposed the punitive expeditions of the Nazis.
The most difficult time for the partisans and the population began on a punitive expedition on April 16-20, 1944, when the enemy surrounded Lokhovnya and the nearest villages. The partisans left the base area and took refuge in forests and swamps. Everything was destroyed, there was nowhere to hide, to grind grains. During the spring, the partisans "studied" all the swamps that were considered impassable, individual islands of these swamps became a place of salvation. In May, hundreds of children hiding from the Nazis were sent to the Soviet rear.
“In numerous battles with punishers, he showed himself as a capable leader, a brave, resourceful and decisive commander,” V.I. Margo, compiled by the headquarters of the partisan movement of the Kalinin region in August 1944. “By the time it joined the Red Army, the brigade was holding a large area, which made it possible for the army to pass to the borders of the Latvian SSR.”
In July 1944, the 5th brigade, together with units of the Red Army, took part in the fighting to liberate the territory of the region. Detachments of the brigade and their guides withdrew units of our troops on the path of the probable retreat of the enemy, intercepted the retreating groups of German soldiers, fired at them from ambushes. Our troops passed the entire northern part of the region in one day and almost without loss. Having reached the border with Latvia, the brigade was ordered to return and on July 20 entered Sebezh. Disbandment has begun.
IN AND. Margo was appointed chairman of the Sebezh regional executive committee, and S.A. Kulesh - the first secretary of the district committee of the party. They worked together for some time, and then V.I. Margo was transferred to Velikiye Luki, which became regional center: he headed the regional department of public education. From 1949 to 1952 he studied in Moscow at the Higher Party School under the Central Committee of the CPSU, after which he was elected deputy chairman of the Velikoluksky regional executive committee, and then chairman of the regional council of trade unions.
In 1957, after the abolition of the Velikie Luki region, V.I. Margot was elected secretary of the Velikoluksky city committee of the CPSU. In 1960 he retired. But he continued to work - he was a teacher at the Agricultural Institute, and since 1964 - first rector of Velikoluksky Pedagogical Institute, and then director of the Velikoluksky branch of the Leningrad Institute of Physical Education named after P.F. Lesgaft. From 1974 to 1977 - Senior Lecturer at the Agricultural Institute. He was repeatedly elected to the elective party and Soviet bodies, was constantly "in sight" and versatile social activities.
In the photo: V. I. Margo (on the far right) talks about the battle in the village of Glubochitsa, Sebezhsky district. From left to right: V.N. Vakarin - commissar of the 4th brigade, N.S. Stepanov - commander of the detachment of the 5th brigade, F.T. Boydin - commander of the 1st and 4th brigade, V.A. Sergeeva - scout of the 5th brigade, M.M. Wallas - political instructor of a platoon of the 5th brigade, S.A. Yakovlev - Chief of Staff of the 6th Brigade, O.A. Yuganson - chief of staff of the detachment of the 5th brigade, P.N. Petrovich - head of intelligence of the 5th brigade. Village Glubochitsa. 1968
On behalf of the Kalinin partisans V.I. Margo spoke on June 14, 1967 at a solemn meeting of workers dedicated to the awarding of the Order of Lenin to the Pskov region, participated in the preparation of meetings of former partisans on the Friendship Mound, he was a member of the editorial board of the book "The Unconquered Land of Pskov".
He was awarded the Orders of Lenin, Kutuzov 1st class, Order of the Patriotic War 1st class, medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" 1st class and others.
Sources and literature:
TTsDNI, f. 479, op. 2, units ridge 93, l. 57; f. 479, op. 2, units ridge 109, ll. 2-11; f. 479, op. 2, units ridge 33, l. 44.
Margo V.I. Burning forest. L., 1979.
September 26, 2018 marks the 105th anniversary of the birth of Konstantin Dionisevich Karitsky - Hero of the Soviet Union, commander of the illustrious 5th Leningrad Partisan Brigade, which at one time was called the "Karitsky Kindergarten", because its fighters were mostly young people 1925-1926 . birth.
Konstantin Dionisevich Karitsky was born in the village of the Zheltaya River mine (now Zhovti Vody) in the Pyatikhatsky district of the Dnepropetrovsk region of Ukraine. After graduating from seven classes of the railway school, he worked on the Kommunist collective farm, then went to the construction of the Azovstal metallurgical plant. Served in the Red Army border guard). In 1941 he graduated higher school NKVD in Leningrad.
With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, he commanded the 1st Vyborg Fighter Battalion, then was enrolled in the 104th partisan detachment. In 1942, he was appointed commander of a partisan battalion formed by the NKVD, so under his command were children born in 1925-1926.
At the beginning of his combat partisan path, fate brought Karitsky's battalion with the 3rd Leningrad partisan brigade of the legendary brigade commander Alexander German, in which, as Karitsky himself said, he "gained a partisan mind."
On February 12, 1943, K. D. Karitsky took command of the newly formed 5th Leningrad Brigade. The brigade grew and grew stronger in battles, and by the autumn of 1943 it became the most powerful in the North-West.
The partisans thwarted the enemy's transportation by rail and controlled up to 75 km of the Warsaw and Vitebsk railways, actively participated in the Concert and Rail War operations, saved people from being deported to Germany and led a popular uprising behind enemy lines.
The 5th Leningrad brigade was awarded the Red Banner three times. In the spring of 1944, the last centers of resistance of the Nazis were suppressed, and the brigade moved to Leningrad with a victorious march. March 6, 1944, when the 5th brigade entered the city, is considered the date of the end of the partisan war in Leningrad region.
His 14-year-old adjutant Viktor Shilov, who turned out to be an orphan during the war years, was very attached and loved the brigade commander. At first they did not want to accept him into the brigade - because of his age, but he persistently followed the brigade. According to the memoirs of I. V. Vinogradov, he knew his habits, guessed his mood from his facial expression, knowing that the brigade commander loved fiction, read poetry to him, and one of the brigade commander’s favorite poems was “Do you remember, Alyosha, the roads of the Smolensk region ...” K Simonova.
This brigade is also distinguished by the fact that TASS photojournalist V. I. Kapustin was in its ranks; Thanks to this, many photographs of the commander K. D. Karitsky himself and the partisans of the brigade have been preserved. Photographs can be viewed on the website, and this is described in the book by M. M. Freidzon “Reporting from behind the front line”.
O combat way K. D. Karitsky himself tells in his book “ Leningrad partisans". You can also learn about the life of the brigade commander from the book by N. V. Nikitenko “ Partisan brigade commanders: people and destinies". The interested reader may refer to the following bibliography about the brigade commander and 5 LPB. We will pay special attention to the one published in the year of the 100th anniversary of the birth 
K. D. Karitsky book " Kombrig Karitsky - security officer and partisan". V. S. Gustov (Chairman of the Council of Veterans of the Federal Security Service of Russia for St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region) notes in the preface: “New, previously unpublished materials from the archives of the security agencies show how much work the leadership of the army and the city created the partisan movement, what participation in this work were taken by state security agencies. The book is particularly attractive due to the placement in it of materials written by K. D. Karitsky himself, testimonies of people who personally knew the brigade commander, his relatives, and family members. Unique documents from the UFSB History Hall are presented in the video sequence of the book.”
M. M. Freidzon’s poem dedicated to the brigade commander:
The evil blockade is broken,
And the enemies ran back.
To one of the outposts of Leningrad
In the morning the shelves came up.
The brigade commanders sat on horseback,
Letting go of the bit for the first time...
No books written yet
About their military affairs.
And they all look young
Spring and Victory match.
And that they will return alive,
Nobody could predict them.
The most difficult versts have been covered,
But will everyone see the parade?
Crosses, pyramids, churchyards -
On the way to you, Leningrad.
In the saddle - brigade commander of the fifth
Kubanka.
There was a rumor about him:
"Worse than bombs and tanks
The enemy had his name!”
Banners swayed over the ranks -
Forest fighters marched.
They were all remembered by name
Bottom, Utorgosh, Hill and Soltsy.
And the city is no longer deserted,
The eye sockets of the windows are not dead.
Here are all the victorious people -
They did not bow to the enemies.
They forgot that they were mortal
Hungry, weak, sick.
Granite was not a victim -
Heroes of the Great War.
Gaining worldwide fame
Feeling no pain from wounds
They hurried there, to the outpost,
Meet fellow partisans!
Who rammed the blockade from the rear
And the great city of love,
Who gave bread to Leningrad,
And it was so - that of himself.
Yesterday, just leaving the battle,
And tomorrow ready for battle
Forest heroes entered
To the unsurpassed hero city.
You can learn more about the brigade commander-5 K. D. Karitsky and the 5th Leningrad partisan brigade by referring to the literature:
Karitsky Konstantin Dionisevich (1913-2002)
The hero of the USSR
commander of the 5th LPB (February 1943 to March 1944)
Kombrig Karitsky - security officer and partisan/ comp. O. P. Aksenov. - St. Petersburg, Special literature, 2013. - 287 p. : ill.
From the contents: From the partisan region to the victorious report to Leningrad / A.F. Starodubtsev; The feat of Karitsky: to remember / O. P. Aksenov; The legendary brigade commander of the 5th LPB K. D. Karitsky / Yu. I. Shaperin; War and the fate of Konstantin Karitsky / E. A. Prudnikova; My battle path / K. D. Karitsky; Brigade commander Karitsky / P. Zenin; Fifth partisan brigade / N. I. Afanasiev; You were put on guard at the gate / A. Samoilov / Partisan ballad / I. Lisochkin; The heroism of K. D. Karitsky is a treasure big house/ A. V. Leonov; An example of Karitsky - as a basis patriotic education/ M. M. Freidzon; Alignment with the brigade commander / A. V. Petrov; Erect a monument to the heroes / E. I. Telyatnikova; Karitsky and his team / V. D. Gorshkov; Handshake of the brigade commander / A. F. Kruzhnov; A great friend of the Luga region / / T. A. Baraboshkina; My father: what he was / I. K. Kurchavova; I remember great-grandfather Kostya / Nika Ogradina.
Freidzon M. M. Reporting from behind the front line.. Partisan war in the Leningrad partisan region (1941-1944). – M. : Rus, 2010.
The book describes in detail the combat path of the Leningrad partisan brigades, a significant place is given to the 5 LPB. The video sequence of the book is photographs of TASS correspondent V. I. Kapustin, who fought in the ranks of this brigade.
Nikitenko, N.V. 5th Leningrad partisan brigade: Karitsky Konstantin Dionisevich (09/26/1913-10/16/2002), commander of the 5th LPB from February 1943 until its disbandment in March 1944 / N. V. Nikitenko // Nikitenko N. V. Partisan brigade commanders: people and destinies: (commanders of partisan brigades operating in the occupied territory of the Leningrad and Kalinin regions during the Great Patriotic War). - Pskov, 2010. - S. 109-117: 3 ph. - Bibliography: p. 117.
See also: Organizers of the people's struggle behind enemy lines / N. V. Nikitenko // Pskov. - 2010. - N 33. - S. 164-176.
Svetlov, G. Farewell, dear brigade commander / G. Svetlov // Pskovskaya Pravda. - 2003. - 5 Jan.
Message about the death at the 90th year of life of the Hero of the Soviet Union, brigade commander-5 Konstantin Dionisevich Karitsky.
Krasnikov, S. Brigade commander Karitsky / S. Krasnikov // People of legends. - M., 1965. - Issue. 1. - S. 511-517.
Masolov, N. Kombrig-5 / N. Masolov // The bravest of the brave: essays on the Leningrad partisans - Heroes of the Soviet Union. - L., 1964. - S. 331-359: photo.
Masolov, N. Commander of the 5th partisan brigade / N. Masolov // Pskovskaya Pravda. - 1959. - July 25.
5th Leningrad Partisan Brigade
Kovalev, B. Leaflet with humility / B. Kovalev // Motherland. - 2011. - N 6. - S. 29-31: photo.
Vinogradov, I. V. Heroes and Fates: Documents and Articles. - L. : Lenizdat, 1988. - 464 p. : ill.
Behind enemy lines: struggle of partisans and underground workers in the occupied territory of the Leningrad region, 1943: Sat. doc. / Institute of Party History Leningrad. regional committee of the CPSU; Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Institute of History of the USSR, Leningrad. dept. - L. : Lenizdat, 1983. - 391 p. - Geogr. decree: p. 373.
Sergunin, I. I. Born in battles: / I. I. Sergunin // Partisan paths of the Priilmenye / [comp. A. P. Luchin; lit. edited by N. M. Ivanov]. - L., 1981. - S. 36-59: photo.
Unconquered land of Pskov: documents and materials from the history of the partisan movement and the party and Komsomol underground during the Great Patriotic War, 1941-1944. - 3rd ed., Rev., add. - L. : Lenizdat, 1976. - 455 p. : ill.
Gusev, B. At one campfire / B. Gusev // Liberation of Novgorod. 25 years: [compilation]. - M., 1969. - S. 108-110.
About the actions of the brigade of K. D. Karitsky and I. I. Sergunin in the Pskov region.
Abramov, M. G. On the scorched earth: pages from the diaries of a partisan. - L. : Lenizdat, 1968. - 352 p. : ill.
Isakov, I. I.(head of the political department of the 5th LPB). This is how we started / I. I. Isakov // Partisan bonfires are burning: memoirs of partisans participating in the battle for Leningrad / [comp. N. V. Masolov]. - L., 1966. - S. 7-17: photo.
Novikov, T. A.(chief of staff 5 LPB; commander 10 LPB) . Birth of a brigade / T. A. Novikov // Partisan bonfires are burning: memories of partisans participating in the battle for Leningrad / [comp. N. V. Masolov]. - L., 1966. - S. 254-264: photo.
Sirotin, V.V. Winged help / V.V. Sirotin // Partisan bonfires are burning: memories of partisans participating in the battle for Leningrad / [comp. N. V. Masolov]. - L., 1966. - S. 265-277: photo.
Dobrotvorsky, N. Heroes of the partisan war / N. Dobrotvorsky // Young Leninist. - 1964. - 23 Apr.
About the formation of 5 LPB and the fate of some of its fighters.
Baranov, N. Where the partisans' road was / N. Baranov // For Communism. - 1964. - 16 Feb.
Diary pages of a partisan 5 LPB.
Memoirs of a scout 5 LPB.
Karitsky, K. D. On the other side of the "Northern Wall" / K. D. Karitsky // The collapse of the "Northern Wall". - L., 1964. - S. 30-38.
Karitsky, K. D. Leningrad Partisans / Society for the Propagation of Political and scientific knowledge, Leningrad branch. - L., 1962. - 96 p.
Sheverdalkin, P. Partisan war on Novgorod land / P. Sheverdalkin. - Novgorod: [Novgorod Regional Printing House], 1957. - 171 p.
Used photographic materials from the books: Freidzon M. M. "Reporting from behind the front line" and Nikitenko N. V. "Partisan brigade commanders: people and destinies."
Prepared by the head Sector of the Department of Local Lore Literature E. S. Storokozheva
FIFTH GUERRILLA
1943, October - December
The life of the 5th LPB in those days was extremely eventful. Such saturation, such a variety of military actions, recalling which one could enumerate almost the entire arsenal of partisan tactics of that period, could, perhaps, be written down by no one else.
I remember that on one of my business trips I found myself in a brigade just at the time when it completed one of its brightest operations and embarked on a series of others that won it great fame and the deepest gratitude of the people.
The first operation is a 50-kilometer march of the 5th LPB, carried out by it in full force, in a column of many thousands, in the open, in front of the population and cowardly scattering enemy garrisons. The brigade left the area between the lakes Vrevo and Svyateyskoye, passed the villages of Krasnye Gorki, Khvoshino, Svyatye, Nevezhitsy, Konozerye and occupied the area adjacent to the village of Kievets at the end of the journey. It was a demonstration of partisan strength. Hundreds of people saw for themselves what the army of the people's avengers is - highly organized, disciplined, well-armed, not afraid of the enemy.
We could not afford anything like this before. However, times have changed and such a campaign has become not only possible, but also brought no less benefit than sabotage on the roads or fights with the enemy. Not only the fact that on the path of the brigade all organs of the occupation power were destroyed and the power of the people was established over a large territory. No less important was the fact that the news of the open action of the partisans immediately spread for many kilometers around, causing a new wave of popular resistance to the invaders. This is what K. D. Karitsky called in the radiogram "the result of the defeat and our influence", which led to the cessation of the activities of the occupation authorities in 14 volosts. The march of the 5th LPB became the best organizing action, the best impetus for a popular uprising in the central region of the region. The central rebel region began to take shape precisely at this time.
And the series of operations I mentioned is the liberation of Soviet citizens from deportation into fascist slavery. In mid-October, Karitsky's partisans stopped three German trains that were taking the population of the front zone to Germany for several days. These were the first operations of this kind near Leningrad. And the pioneer was the regiment of Vladimir Vasilyevich Yegorov - then just Volodya Yegorov, since he was one of the youngest partisan commanders: he commanded a regiment of 1200 fighters at the age of nineteen. 23 thousand people owe their freedom to his regiment. For outstanding military merits, Yegorov was subsequently awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. In total, the 5th LPB saved more than 40 thousand people from deportation to Germany.
An interesting detail. When Yegorov's partisans stopped the first echelon and took the liberated civilian population under the protection of their regiment, no one in the brigade, despite the obvious unusualness of the operation, perceived it as something out of the ordinary. They were not even going to radio about it separately to Leningrad - they just wanted to turn on in the next report. It was only on my urgent advice that Karitsky sent a radiogram. And almost immediately received a response from Nikitin:
“By my order dated 10/16/43, your brigade was awarded the banner of the Leningrad headquarters for rescuing civilians whom the Germans tried to take away into fascist slavery in three echelons. You have been presented for the award with the Order of Bogdan Khmelnitsky, 2nd class.
Present the fighters and commanders for the award. Stronger blows to the enemy, thwart his plans to steal civilians to hard labor.
... Order announce to everyone personnel detachments, regiments of the brigade entrusted to you.
I am writing about this in order to once again emphasize: in those days, when fighting, they thought little about awards; the main concern was the cause to which people gave themselves without a trace.
At a new stage in the fight against the enemy, both guerrilla tactics and combat methods became new. We can say that the very content of hostilities has changed, since in the overwhelming majority of cases their goal has become completely new. If, for example, earlier, when raiding enemy warehouses, we tried to destroy everything that was stored on them, now what was recaptured from the enemy was hiding in the villages or in the forest - they were waiting for the arrival of their own, they tried to save the people's property. On the railways trains were increasingly not derailed, but stopped, blowing up the track in front of them. This was dictated by the fact that the cars could contain Soviet people who were driven to Germany. As for direct combat clashes with the enemy, they more and more often acquired an openly offensive character.
By this time, a whole galaxy of partisan commanders of a new type had also grown - they had absorbed all the richest combat experience accumulated by the people's avengers since the beginning of the war.
The first among them, I, without any hesitation, will name the brigade commander Konstantin Dionisevich Karitsky. I remember him back in the Partisan region, where he commanded one of the battalions of the 1st brigade. This man had to go through a difficult battle path, he knew victories and defeats, and he led people into the attack, and retreated, and buried his comrades - that was it.
A man of great personal courage, bravery, cold-blooded in battle, an ingenious tactician, keenly aware of every change in the combat situation and able to respond to everything without error, Karitsky also had the talent to lead people. Perhaps everything was in moderation in him: exactingness and at the same time sensitivity to people, commanding authoritativeness and the ability to respect other people's opinions, fearlessness and caution, adherence to principles and the ability to understand another. And the attitude of the partisans towards their commander was excellent. He was loved, he was trusted recklessly.
I remember that on one of the brigade's visits, I found Karitsky doing this: evening, a full hut of partisans, and in the middle - a brigade commander, and he read Yesenin's memory. Recitation, of course, is not God knows what - not a professional, where was the art to learn! - and you should have seen how the partisans listened to him ... He knew poetry and shared them with people, that's all. He didn’t pose, didn’t imitate an artist: he just remembered aloud. And they were grateful to him for that.
We had one person in the 1st regiment, a political worker, about whom the partisans always remembered if for some reason they had not seen for a long time. I remember, I was interested - why such popularity? And when once again one of the fighters asked me why this (such and such) was not visible, I asked:
What do you need to talk about?
No, you don't, he replies.
Did you get bored without him?
Yes, how can I say...
Maybe you are waiting for political information? Wrinkles.
So what is it anyway? - I'm not far behind.
Yes, the shag is over, and when he comes, he will definitely treat ...
That's the whole reason. And we wondered why his pouch was empty the very first and why, no matter how much we shared it with him, everything was not enough for him.
Makhorki, of course, is not a pity. I'm not at all going to preach the wisdom of kurkul: they say, "friendship is friendship, but tobacco is apart." But, you see, it's a bad thing if all the people's interest in you fits in your own pouch of mahr.
I must say that the leadership of the brigade in general was chosen extremely well. Commissar Ivan Ivanovich Sergunin, head of the political department Ivan Ivanovich Isakov, chief of staff Timofey Antipovich Novikov, regiment commanders Vladimir Vasilievich Yegorov, Pavel Fadeevich Skorodumov, Alexei Fedorovich Tarakanov, Sergey Nikitich Chebykin - all these were wonderful people, skillful commanders who did a lot to defeat the enemy much. It is no coincidence that in the list of Leningrad partisans awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, five out of twenty are representatives of the 5th LPB: K. D. Karitsky, I. I. Sergunin, V. V. Egorov, A. F. Tarakanov, D. I. Sokolov.
From October 28 to November 9, the brigade fought heavy battles against a large punitive expedition. At the direction of the commander of the Army Group "North" Kühler, the 18th german army sent several security regiments and battalions, units and units of the 190th Infantry and 13th Airfield Divisions to the area of operations of the 5th LPB. The offensive was supported by tanks, armored vehicles, artillery, mortars, and aircraft. The Nazis called this operation "Wolf Hunt". It was assumed, of course, that they themselves would act as hunters. It turned out the other way around ... The commandant of the rear area of the 18th Army, Lieutenant General Ginkel, informed his command: "The operation north of Utorgosh was interrupted due to the fact that forces were exhausted." This is a very modest statement. It would be more correct to write: the punitive expedition was defeated.
This time is characterized by the most active assistance to the partisans from the population. The commissar of the 5th LPB reported to the Leningrad headquarters:
“... The people felt and realized that the partisans stood up to protect them with a wall, and helped the partisans with everything that was possible. Girls, women, old men conducted reconnaissance not only on the instructions of the command, but also on their own initiative.
On November 1, when the Germans were in the village of Storonye and were preparing for an offensive, the girls Kalanchina Ekaterina and Dmitrieva Lidia ran from this village to the commander of the regiment Egorov. They reported on the number of the enemy, on his intentions.
In difficult moments of fighting with the Germans, when the partisans felt an acute shortage of ammunition, the inhabitants of the village. Comrade Egorov, defended by the regiment, entered, collected cartridges of 5-10 pieces and brought them to the partisans. The residents of vil. Pokrovskoe. The father of the partisan, a resident of the village of Novoselye, Utorgoshsky district, Volkov I.I., having learned that the partisans did not have cartridges, with the help of a resident of the village of Ryameshka Spiridonov N.M. delivered 17 boxes of cartridges stored in the forest since 1941 to the detachment.
In difficult days of fighting, people capable of carrying weapons replenished the partisan detachments.
Fighting groups from the local population arose in the villages, they themselves armed themselves, got ammunition, set themselves the task of helping the partisans in saving civilians from being taken into Nazi captivity. Thus, combat groups arose in the villages of Baranovo, Vsheli, Bolotsko, Stobolsk, Dertiny, Khredino, Borotno, Nikolsko, Lazuni and others ... "
Was it possible to defeat the partisans who had such support?
And I want to tell about two more interesting operations of the 5th brigade in this connection.
The first was carried out by the regiment of P.F. Skorodumov together with the inhabitants of nearby villages on the Kiev highway on the night of November 16, 1943. A large section of the road was captured - 10 kilometers! - between Mayakovo and Novosel. And under the protection of the regiment, the locals arranged a grandiose blockage of sawn telegraph poles and trees on it. All this was entangled with wires torn from the transmission line and mined in many places. In addition, bridges were blown up throughout the entire section - eight, all of them. Therefore, when the people who had finished their work left the highway at dawn, the partisans prepared for battle. They held the road for two days. And only under the blows of tanks and armored vehicles, which the Nazis brought into battle in the middle of the day on November 17, the regiment retreated into the forest. But it took quite a long time to clear the mined blockages. But the highway was extremely important for the Nazis. Sabotage of this magnitude has never been carried out before.
Somewhat later, the 5th brigade completely blocked the Utorgosh-Nikolaev highway in a similar way. Throughout it.
This highway was also very important for the Germans, as the most convenient for supplying the Novgorod and old Russian military groups. Virtually the entire population of the district took part in the construction of blockages on it. And then the partisans stopped all attempts of the Nazis to clear the road and restore traffic on it. It was completely interrupted until the approach of the Red Army units.
At the junction of the forty-third and forty-fourth years, the army of the Leningrad partisans already consisted of 13 brigades. In December, the 12th Primorsky Brigade was formed from the detachments created by the Kingisepp Interdistrict Party Center and part of the detachments of the 9th brigade (another branch from the Vasilyev brigade!) And almost at the same time, the 13th LPB began hostilities on the territory of the first Partisan Territory. The total number of brigades reached 35 thousand people.
A new year, 1944, was approaching. The time for a decisive offensive of our troops near Leningrad was approaching. And the partisans were destined to play a difficult but glorious role in it.
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