28-Mar-2018, 11:10
Lately in Russian Federation there is a tendency to glorify and romanticize the image of the ataman of the Siberian Cossack army, and later the commander of the Separate Semirechensk Army, Boris Annenkov. Defenders of the good name of the ataman justify his cruelty by wartime and the need to respond to the "Red Terror". But eyewitnesses in their memoirs paint a not so heroic picture, the arhar.kz portal reports.
In the memory of the people there are many sad bloody stories about Ataman Annenkov. At the beginning of the twentieth century, many trials fell on the head of the Kazakh people in the form of evil and bloodthirsty people, and among them was Ataman Annenkov. Having declared himself a fighter against the "Red Terror", he himself was a real butcher. On his conscience there are many horrific crimes, from which the heart shudders. Annenkov began the fight against the Bolsheviks, who overthrew the tsarist government, from Siberia and ended in Kazakhstan. He was especially marked by terrible atrocities in Semirechye and East Kazakhstan.
He destroyed the Kazakh villages in the Semirechye, for the sake of fun, subjected women and children to painful death, buried the men alive, and did what his perverted consciousness prompted him to do. Annenkov operated in Semirechye for two years. In 1919, he attacked Andreevka (now the village of Kabanbay). He attacked five auls located along the Tentek River. He mercilessly destroyed the local population.
In the summer of 1919, in Usharal, he killed men under the pretext that they allegedly served the Bolshevik ideology. He made them dig their own graves and buried them alive. Some of the men, on his orders, were buried so that only their heads stuck out, and he watched for many hours how they died painfully.
The following facts are given in the newspaper “Kazakh tili” dated August 2, 1927: “In the village of Osinovka, Annenkov’s people caught the peasant Grechikhin, tied a horse to the tail and let him go over stones and gullies. But Grechikhin miraculously survived. And then they cut open his chest, pulled out his heart and handed it to his wife, ordering him to cook dinner. Grechikhin's wife, as soon as she realized that she was holding her husband's heart in her hands, immediately fell down dead. The 15-year-old daughter of a peasant, frightened by Annenkov's people, boiled her father's heart, and the bloodsuckers, not at all embarrassed, ate it.
And there is also evidence that Annenkov liked to crush hares, dogs, cats and even people on the car. Alexey Larin, who worked personal driver Annenkov admitted during the investigation: “When Annenkov got bored, he went to the Kazakh villages, chasing local people in a car, trying to crush them. And he even specially drove the kids to carry out his fun. Sometimes he gave criminal assignments to his subordinates, while he himself watched as if it were a game.
In 1920, after the final defeat by the Bolsheviks, Annenkov headed east, planning to cross the border into China. The bloody executioner, who burned to the ground hundreds of Kazakh auls in East Kazakhstan, and destroyed the inhabitants along the way, on the shore of Lake Alakol ordered to shoot 3800 Kazakhs and those Cossacks who refused to follow him.
Annenkov was detained in China in 1924, and on August 27, 1927, he was shot in the city of Semipalatinsk.
Of course, this is only part of the crimes of the personification of the devil on earth - Annenkova. His deeds could fill volumes of a tragic book. The worst thing is that now in Russia there is a tendency to rehabilitate Annenkov and restore him in history as a great personality. For example, on September 7, 1999, the Military Court of the Russian Federation rejected the petition for the rehabilitation of Annenkov. However, on December 6, 2017, the exact same petition was filed. Looks like our neighbors don't learn history lessons.
In the history of the imperial colonization of Turkestan, many prominent representatives Russian nation. One of them, Boris Vladimirovich Annenkov, was born on February 21, 1889 in the Volyn province in a hereditary noble family. His grandfather, the famous Decembrist Annenkov, his uncle and older sister participated in the People's Will movement, his father, a retired colonel, was also associated with the revolutionaries in his youth. An interesting historical paradox: the grandfather is a Decembrist, the father is a Narodnaya Volya, and the grandson is an ardent monarchist.
He had two brothers - Arkady and Nikolai, about whose fate nothing is known. In 1898, all the brothers were included in the 2nd part of the genealogical book for the Novgorod district
At the age of 8, Boris was sent to the Odessa Cadet Corps.
After graduating from the corps, in 1906 he entered the Alexander Military School in Moscow.
Two years later, after graduating from college in the 1st category, Boris was released with the rank of cornet into the 1st Siberian Cossack Yermak Timofeev Regiment, stationed at that time in Semirechye - in the city of Dzharkent on the border with China.
Having a penchant for foreign languages(still in the cadet corps and school, he studied English, German and French), on the border, Boris Vladimirovich began to study Kyrgyz (Kazakh), and then Chinese, which he soon mastered perfectly.
Service at the border of a huge country, where the greatness of the state, which stretched its possessions far into Asia, was clearly realized, finally shaped the worldview of the future ataman.
Having received a monarchical upbringing as a child, he was convinced from his own experience of the need for a strong autocratic power for Russia. Annenkov, being an excellent athlete, along with his fellow soldier cornet. Bernikov and a team of scouts began to storm the hitherto unconquered peaks of the Dzungarian Alatau - giving them names: Mount Emperor Nicholas II, Mount Ermak Timofeev, Mount Kazachya, Ermakovskiy and Sibirskiy glaciers.
Having conquered the first of these peaks, Boris Vladimirovich built a pyramid of stones on top and hoisted the flag of his regiment, scarlet with a white cross, on it.
In 1911, a new commander arrived in the 1st Siberian Cossack Regiment - Colonel Pyotr Nikolaevich Krasnov, the future ataman of the Don Army and one of the leaders of the White Movement.
Already in exile, he wrote about his former subordinate, the young centurion Annenkov: “He was an outstanding officer in every respect. A man richly gifted by God, brave, resolute, intelligent, hardy, always cheerful. He himself was an excellent rider, athlete, excellent shooter, gymnast, fencer and grunt - he knew how to fully transfer his knowledge to his Cossack subordinates, knew how to captivate them with him. When the centurion Annenkov, temporarily, before arriving with benefits from the troops of Yesaul Rozhnev, commanded the 1st hundred, this hundred was also the first in the regiment. When later he took over the regimental training command, this command rose to an unattainable height ”(“ At the turn of China ”, Paris, 1939).
Could it have been possible then how similar their fate would be in the future, that both would become army chieftains and die in the KGB dungeons, only with a difference of 20 years? …
Boris Vladimirovich also had another passion - an enthusiastic love for horses. For their sake, he traveled all over Semirechye - he bought, sold and exchanged, while remaining faithful to his red horse Sultan, with whom he won many prizes at the hippodromes.
Shortly before the start of the World War, the centurion Annenkov was released from the regiment on benefits, and with the announcement of mobilization in July 1914, he was sent to the city. Kokchetav - the place of camp gathering of the Cossacks-beneficiaries, where he was appointed commander of a hundred. Here an incident occurred that shows the nobility of the soul of this man.
The unrest of the beneficiaries that took place in the camp led to the dispatch of an expedition from Omsk to Kokchetav to investigate the incident. Boris Vladimirovich, despite all his devotion to the Sovereign and the oath, nevertheless refused to name the instigators of the riots, saying that he was an officer, not an informer. This cost him many troubles, and soon he was sent to the German front, to the 4th Siberian Cossack regiment, which fought hard in the Pinsk swamps and August forests. With him from Dzharkent, the centurion Annenkov took the Uighur boy Yusup Odykhanov, who was a volunteer with him. Soon, for the report delivered under German fire, Yusup was presented to the St. George Cross of the 4th degree.
At the front, the military talents of Boris Vladimirovich were fully revealed. In 1915, as one of the best officers of the Siberian Cossack division, with the general approval of the regiment commanders, he was appointed commander of a partisan detachment of volunteer Cossacks operating in the rear of the German army. In a short time, Annenkov receives the St. George weapon, the English gold medal "For Courage" and the French Order of the Legion of Honor and the rank of Yesaul.
Annenkov’s detachment, which did not leave the battles, even received the first news of the February coup of 1917 from the Germans.
Annenkov, despite the collapse of the army under the influence of Bolshevik agitation, hoped that the Provisional Government was able to bring Russia to the Constituent Assembly - which would again elect the Tsar, based on the Duma and Zemstvos.
By the autumn of 1917, the situation at the front began to deteriorate catastrophically due to the activities of various committees and councils and the virtual elimination of the principle of one-man command in the army.
The so-called "fraternization" that flourished at the forefront was skillfully used by the German command. Nevertheless, the detachment of Annenkov, who had already become a military foreman, remained one of the most combat-ready units of the First Army. After the October Revolution, by order of the Army Council, the partisan detachment was ordered to go to Omsk for disbandment. Having made the transition through the whole of European Russia, the detachment, under various plausible pretexts, and where by cunning refusing to disarm, arrived in Siberia - and immediately found itself in an illegal position.
Annenkov's fierce struggle with the communists who seized power begins - first in Siberia and the Urals, and then in Semirechye. cathedral, after which the detachment leaves for the Kyrgyz steppes.
But soon the detachment returns to Omsk. Having settled in the area of the village of Melnichnaya, he comes into contact with the underground organization "Thirteen", starting a recruitment of volunteers.
In the summer of 1918, communist power in Omsk fell, and Annenkov, by that time the commander of a detachment of up to 1,000 people, was sent to the Verkhneuralsk Front.
For successful actions Military Circle. The SLE promotes him to colonel and in August sends him to suppress the Slavgorod rebellion in the Altai province. When the detachment arrived in Slavgorod, the uprising had already been crushed, and the partisans only helped to restore order.
There were enough cruelties on both sides at that time, but one thing is certain - the cruelty on the part of the whites in the suppression of such rebellions was only a weak response to the unbridled red terror that swept the country.
By the end of 1918, Annenkov’s division was moving south from Semipalatinsk, with the goal of liberating Semirechye from the Bolsheviks with the city of Verny, where the Semirechye Cossacks with Ataman Ionov and parts of the 2nd Siberian Steppe Corps were operating at that time.
The division spent the whole of 1919 in continuous battles. By the end of the year, it was reorganized into the Separate Semirechye Army, commanded by Major General Annenkov.
Boris Annenkov is called the ataman. Siberian, then Semirechensk troops. Meanwhile, formally, he was neither one nor the other! The Siberian Army was led by Lieutenant General P.P. Ivanov-Rinov, Semirechenskoye - Major General A.M. Ionov. Annenkov was the ataman (chief) of his partisan detachment, and then the division, where the Siberian, Orenburg, Semirechensk Cossacks, officers and Siberian peasants served.
Baron A.P. Budberg, head of the Military Ministry of Kolchak in Omsk, who rarely spoke well of someone and especially did not like the Siberian "atamanism", nevertheless wrote about Annenkov in his "Diary of a White Guard" as follows:
“This ataman is a rare exception among other Siberian varieties of this title; iron discipline is established in his detachment, the units are well trained and carry out heavy military service, and the ataman himself is a model of courage, duty and the soldier's simplicity of life. His relations with the inhabitants are such that even all the Kirghiz plundered by him declared that in the region of the Annenkov district they were paid for everything and that they had no complaints against the Annenkov troops ... Information about the organization of the Annenkov rear and supply gives full reason to think that in this The ataman has great inclinations of a good organizer and original military talent, worthy of being promoted to a responsible place.
Having occupied the entire northern Semirechye, Annenkov was never able to take Verny. Unfortunately, his relationship with the elected did not work out either. Military ataman. Semirechye as a general. A.M. Ionov, who knew him from his service in Dzharkent. Due to the inconsistency in the actions of the white units and the desire of both chieftains to complete power over the region, once, in the summer of 1919, it even came to the arrest of General Ionov and mutual accusations of incompetence. In the end, A.V. Kolchak recalls Ionov and sends him to the Far East.
Ataman Annenkov becomes the sole owner. Semirechye.
October 15, 1919 by order. Supreme Ruler Annenkov for military distinctions and exceptional bravery during the capture of the Bolshevik fortified area - the so-called. "Cherkasy Defense" - awarded the order. St. George of the 4th degree and promoted to major general.
Soon he was appointed commander. A separate Semirechye army. But the case was already lost.
Under pressure from the Reds, the Siberian armies of Kolchak roll back to the east, leaving Omsk, Novonikolaevsk and Semipalatinsk. The Semirechye army is squeezed from the west, north and south by the pushing red units, and from the east by the Chinese border. Little help was brought by the Orenburg army of ataman A.I. Dutov, who completely merged into the Semirechensk army under the name. Orenburg detachment. Dutov entered the civil administration of the Semirechensk Territory, leaving the conduct of hostilities to Annenkov.
Having reorganized the existing units and dividing them into three groups - the Southern (consisting mainly of the Semirechensk Cossacks and the 5th Siberian Rifle Division), the Central ("partisan" units) and the Northern (Orenburgers) - the ataman holds the front until the end of March 1920, when under the pressure of superior enemy forces, they had to retreat towards China.
The Orenburg units under the command of General Bakich left separately, through the fortification of Bakhta to the Chinese city. Chuguchak. Having secured himself in the mountains of the Dzhungar Alatau, in the "Eagle's Nest" near the Selke Pass, Annenkov, together with the most loyal units to him, crossed to the Chinese side on May 27, 1920 near the Chinese village of Jimpan. When crossing the border, they had to hand over a significant part of their weapons, for which the Chinese promised to feed the interned partisans. Part of the weapon, just in case, was still hidden.
The detachment settled down in a camp, soon nicknamed "Merry", on the border river Borotal.
A few words about Annenkov's Semirechye army.
Its main backbone was the 2nd Siberian Steppe Corps, which in July 1919 included the Annenkov Partisan Division, the 5th Siberian rifle division, Separate Semirechensk Cossack brigade, Separate Steppe rifle brigade and Kyrgyz cavalry brigade.
Perhaps, of all the white units operating in Russia at that time, the Partisan Division, and then Annenkov's army, were distinguished by the greatest diversity of composition, uniforms and paraphernalia.
According to the tradition that still existed in the detachment, all volunteer partisans applied tattoos on their chest or hand in the form of an Orthodox cross, a skull with bones and intricately writhing snakes that wrapped around the body in various directions. Some added to this the informal motto of the detachment - "God and Ataman Annenkov are with us."
Volunteers with such a tattoo knew that in the event of captivity, they would not be spared.
There was also a special award in the Semirechye army - the "Partisan Cross", which was awarded to especially distinguished fighters. Most likely, it was invented by the ataman himself.
The banner of the detachment was a black cloth with a skull and crossbones and the inscription "God is with us."
The same mottos and emblems were on cars, armored cars and gigs of the detachment. Nostalgic love for the old Imperial Army, its power and beauty, prompted Boris Vladimirovich to create in his units a regiment of Black Hussars (following the example of the former 5th Hussar Regiment of Alexandria), a regiment of Blue Lancers (following the example of the 10th Odessa Lancers Regiment), Cuirassier, Dragoon and Life-Ataman regiments.
Despite the scarcity of funds and constant fighting, Annenkov managed to equip parts of his army in a variety of beautiful uniforms. The hussars wore black tunics, chakchirs with silver stripes and white mentics embroidered with cords.
Instead of a cockade, a skull with crossbones was sewn on the cap. The same decoration was worn in the form of a rosette on the top of the boots. The Cossacks of the Ataman Regiment wore hats, silver skulls on the sleeves of their tunics, fastened lapels on a chekmen, stripes on trousers and embroidered monograms "A.A." ("Ataman Annenkov") on shoulder straps.
The Semirechensk and Orenburg Cossack regiments, the Manchurian-Chinese regiment, and the Kyrgyz cavalry brigade, which were part of the army, also had their own uniform.
In other parts, in addition to Russian, English and Japanese uniforms and shoes were worn. Armament - in addition to Russian - English Lewis machine guns, French Shosh, American Vickers and Colt, English and Japanese rifles and heavy guns.
On the picture:
In the upper left corner, the first is a private of the Black Hussars in a mentic.
Second next - Chief of Staff of the Partisan Division Ataman Annenkov
General Staff Colonel Denisov.
In the center - the head of the division, Major General B.V. Annenkov.
A little higher - Ataman Annenkov's convoy.
In the lower right corner - a soldier of the Black Hussars regiment in summer uniform.
1 - Officer of the Semirechesky Cossack army in full dress;
2 - officer of the regiment of the Black Hussars;
3 - officer of the regiment of black hussars in summer uniform;
4 - officer of the Life-Ataman regiment
In the photo: Officers of the Annenkov Partisan Brigade.
B.V. Annenkov with the ranks of his detachment
Having crossed the border of China in the amount of 4,200 people, Annenkov's Central Army Group was in a camp on the Borotal River until mid-August.
By the end of July, 670 people remained in it. In mid-August, the remnants of the detachment in three echelons, with the permission of the dujun (governor) of Chinese Turkestan, began to move towards Urumqi, the main city of Xinjiang province. After standing in Urumqi for about three months, the detachment also, by echelon, moved east, to the city of Guchen (Tsitay), 180 versts from Urumqi.
Here, in Guchen, an armed conflict took place between the Annenkovites and the Chinese troops - provoked by the Chinese under the influence of the Soviet side.
To resolve the conflict, the chieftain went to negotiate with the Chinese authorities near the city. Urumqi, where he was immediately arrested. It was at the end of March 1921. Annenkov had to spend three years in prison! The Chinese tried to lure money from him, allegedly remaining in the Semirechye army, but to no avail; tried to accustom him to smoking opium to break his spirit, but nothing came of it. All this time, the chief of staff of the Semirechensk army, Colonel N.A. Denisov, continued to stay in Guchen, trying to achieve the release of the commander. In the end, thanks to the petitions of the envoys of some powers and the "Christian Youth Society", in February 1924, the ataman was released.
Having met in the city of Turfan with Denisov and the eighteen convoys remaining with him, Annenkov departs further, to the east, settling near the city of Lanzhou, the capital of the Gansu province. to unite their partisans, scattered by this time throughout China.
All this was done as secretly as possible, so as not to arouse suspicion among the Chinese and Soviet agents.
To cover this work, Annenkov continued to do what he loved - breeding and raising horses, having acquired a small stud farm in Lanzhou. He officially retired from politics.
Nevertheless, hidden work and attention to him from various white émigré organizations did not escape the agents of the OGPU in China.
A carefully designed operation to destroy Annenkov begins, in which dozens of people were involved.
For the first time, some details of this operation were published in the documentary story by S. and M. Martyanov "The Annenkov Case", published in the Alma-Ata magazine "Prostor" in 1970, as well as in the essay by S. Grigoriev "Operation" Ataman "" in the collection "Chekists Kazakhstan" (Alma-Ata, 1971).
These two sources do not coincide in some details - but, in any case, it can be said that an important role in the capture of Annenkov was played by the Chinese Marshal Feng Yu-hsiang, the head of the group of Soviet military advisers in his army V.M. Primakov, security officers M. Zyuk , A. Karpenko, B. Kuzmichev, M. Dovgal, S. Likharin, as well as a traitor from white officers, Colonel A.F. ). As a result, Annenkov, with the help of Colonel Gushchin, was lured into a trap in the city of Kalgan.
Ataman with General Denisov arrived there from Pingdechuan, where they met with the marshal. Feng Yu-hsiang, with whose secret consent they were arrested by the Reds on March 31, 1926.
From Kalgan, Annenkov was taken by car to the capital of Outer Mongolia, Urga, and then to Verkhneudinsk, from where he was sent to Moscow by train.
There is information about a failed attempt to free the ataman by people loyal to him during the movement of Soviet vehicles to the border of Mongolia, an attempt. Boris Vladimirovich made an attempt to escape already on the train, trying to jump out of the car window, but was again detained.
On April 20, 1926, the door of cell No. 73 in the internal prison of the GPU in Lubyanka slammed behind the ataman.
A month and a half later, Major General Denisov was also delivered to Moscow.
The investigation into the "Annenkov case" lasted more than a year, while the trial - or rather, judicial mockery - took place in Semipalatinsk from July 25 to August 12, 1927.
Even on the way from Moscow, at the stations where the prisoner's car stopped, skillfully organized crowds of "Soviet citizens" sent curses and unanimously demanded the death of the generals.
The same thing happened at the trial of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR. The crowds who marched to the screams accused the ataman of all conceivable and unimaginable crimes, trying to make him look like a bloody fanatic and executioner. To which he answered calmly and with dignity:
“And that Annenkov, about which. You speak…",
Then he asked the witness several simple questions who crumbled all accusation to dust.
The unprejudiced reader of the court records becomes clear all the far-fetchedness of the charges.
Which, of course, did not stop at all from presenting Annenkov as a sadist and murderer, and then inflating the myth of the "bloody ataman" that had existed for seventy years. The truth about how Annenkov and Denisov ended up in the USSR was never heard at the trial, and at that time various “repentant letters” of the ataman, developed in the bowels of the Lubyanka, were distributed abroad.
The verdict of the court, of course, could be only one - execution.
Boris Vladimirovich Annenkov and Nikolai Alexandrovich Denisov were shot on August 24, 1927 at 11 pm.
According to an eyewitness, this happened in a cell in the Semipalatinsk prison.
The ataman heroically accepted his death, tearing his shirt on his chest and sending curses to the executioners.
“Annenkov was shot by the Bolsheviks. By this, they removed from him the voluntary and involuntary guilt of his partisanship and attached him to the host of martyrs who were tortured for Russia, ”wrote his former commander, General Krasnov.
God's Providence wanted the organizers of Annenkov's abduction not to go unpunished - Chekists Artuzov, Primakov, Zyuk and Kuzmichev were shot in 1937 as "fascist dogs" and "traitors". Apparently, at the same time other participants in the case accepted death from their own. As for the traitor Gushchin, his traces are lost at the end of the 30s. Fearing to return to the USSR, he was also rejected by the White emigration.
Polovtsov A. A. Russian Biographical Dictionary
Portrait
Ataman Boris Vladimirovich Annenkov (1889-1927) from among the daring Cossack freemen, for whom personal freedom is always more precious than law and order. He had a developed sense of duty and honor, but to no lesser extent manifested willfulness and independence.
The hereditary nobleman Annenkov had a craving for learning. In 1906 he graduated from the Odessa cadet corps, and two years later the Alexander Military School. He especially excelled in the study of languages. In addition to English, French and German, he quickly mastered Kazakh and Chinese.
Annenkov was an excellent athlete: he fenced well, rode a horse and shot. With his brother-soldier cornet Bernikov, he stormed the still unconquered peaks of the Dzungarian Alatau. He gave names to heights, for example, Ermak Timofeev or Nicholas II.
“The Black Baron,” as Annenkov was called for his addiction to black, he did not have the habit of smoking and drinking, he shunned women and did not make friends. He also had weaknesses - sweets and horses. He had a special passion for horses. He carefully selected horses, bred them, but especially loved his faithful Sultan.
As a punishment to the front
Their best qualities then still the centurion of the 4th Siberian Cossack regiment Annenkov showed during the riot. The rebellious Cossacks of one of the camps chose him to be in charge, but he did not contact the rebels and reported everything to the authorities. But when a punitive expedition arrived to put down the rebellion, when asked to extradite the instigators of the rebellion, he stated that he was an officer, not a scammer.
As a punishment, the court-martial sends Annenkov to the German front. There, on the fields of the First World War, the military talents of the future ataman were most fully revealed. Once surrounded, he managed to accomplish the almost impossible - to withdraw the remnants of the regiment from it.
Having established himself as an excellent officer, with the general approval of Annenkov, he is appointed commander of a partisan detachment assembled from volunteer Cossacks. Fighting behind enemy lines, time after time, with his daring raids, he takes the Germans by surprise. Iron discipline among subordinates already distinguished him as a military leader.
"Red" fight!
After the abdication of Nicholas II from the throne, Annenkov and his detachment swore allegiance to the Provisional Government, but the Bolsheviks who came to power for counter-revolution sent him to Omsk. The commander refused to disarm his subordinates and, retreating deep into the Cossack territories, becomes in opposition to the new regime. In March 1918, he was elected chieftain of the Siberian Cossacks, and in July - a military foreman.
Having initially a relatively small number of soldiers - about 1500 bayonets and sabers, Annenkov, nevertheless, successfully enters the Civil War. One by one, he smashes the detachments of Kashirin and Blucher, together with the "White Czechs" selflessly fights against the Soviet government in Western Siberia, participates in the suppression of Bolshevik uprisings, and also liberates Semirechye from the "reds".
By the last word
Lacking sufficient funds, the ataman, nevertheless, monitors the quality of the uniforms and weapons of his soldiers. Of course, it was not without tricks. So, in Semipalatinsk, having put pressure on the bourgeois who remained there, he collects "voluntary" contributions, quite decent sums, and spends them on his army.
His soldiers are dressed to the nines. They wear black tunics, chakchirs with silver stripes and mentiks embroidered with white cords - almost according to the canons of the hussar uniform. Other regiments that were subordinate to Annenkov also had their own form - Orenburg, Semirechensk, Manchu-Chinese.
And the "Annenkovites" are armed with the last word. They have English Lewis machine guns and French Shosha systems, American Vickers and Colts, Japanese and British rifles, and even heavy guns.
Disobedience
Annenkov tried several times to transfer to Western Front, however, without success. All he could do was to allocate several regiments to be sent to Eastern front. He obviously did not want to destroy the small empire created in Semirechye. In the White Guard elite, Annenkov was known as a not very reliable and undisciplined commander.
Where did the iron discipline of his soldiers go? The regiments allocated by the chieftain for the Eastern Front show their worst side: in Petropavlovsk they begin to engage in robbery and robbery. By decision of the military field court, 16 of the most guilty soldiers are sentenced to death.
Bloody Ataman
One of Annenkov's colleagues said that when the chieftain rode a car, he liked to run over either a cat, or a dog, or a ram, but sometimes he expressed a more savage desire - "to crush some Kirghiz". Later, with the efforts of his army, he "crushed" many - not only soldiers, but also unarmed people.
Time gradually changed, in the words of General P. N. Krasnov, "gifted by God, courageous, resolute, intelligent" person. Defenders of the good name of the ataman justify his cruelty by wartime and the need to respond to the "Red Terror". But eyewitnesses in their memoirs paint a not so heroic picture.
Annenkov's personal chauffeur, Alexei Larin, recalled that his boss quite often raided the villages, looking for peasants sympathetic to the Bolsheviks. Convicted of sympathy, the "black hussars" were flogged until they lost consciousness, but they could be hacked to death with checkers or shot. Neither women nor children were spared. At the same time, the ataman himself did not take part in the massacres, but only watched.
A more terrifying picture was painted by a resident of the village of Cherny Dol, who survived the field of one of the ataman’s raids: “They did what they wanted, took away, fired, laughed at women and girls, raped from 10 years and older<…>My husband was taken into the city and chopped to pieces, his nose and tongue were cut off, his eyes were cut out, and half of his head was cut off. We found it already buried."
End of an empire
The notoriety of the "Annenkov" atrocities spread not only among the Bolsheviks and peasants, but also among the White Guards. It is not surprising that after the Red Army forced the ataman to retreat beyond the Chinese border, no more than 700 people remained from his army of many thousands.
Scattered detachments of Annenkov first reached Urumqi, and then settled in Guchen.
It was in Guchen at the end of March 1921 that an armed conflict took place between Chinese soldiers and Annenkov's detachment, which, according to historians, was provoked by Bolshevik agents. Annenkov, who went to settle the incident, was immediately arrested and imprisoned. Only in February 1924, thanks to the efforts of former associates, Annenkov was released.
But the ataman did not have to walk free for a long time. Already in April 1924, the Chinese Marshal Feng Yuxiang, bribed by the Bolsheviks, lured Annenkov out and then handed him over to the Chekists. As the researchers note, this was one of the first beheading operations of the Soviet government " white movement" abroad.
Ataman Annenkov was tried in Semipalatinsk in July-August 1927. He was by no means accused of counter-revolutionary activity, but of mass atrocities against prisoners and civilians. The number of victims of the "Annenkov" terror is estimated at many thousands. So, in Sergiopol alone, about 800 people were killed, and near Lake Alakol, on the orders of the chieftain, 3,800 soldiers and Cossacks who wished to remain in Russia were shot. August 24, 1927 Annenkov was executed.
P.S.
On September 7, 1999, the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation refused to rehabilitate Boris Annenkov.
Coming from an aristocratic noble military family, the grandson of a famous Decembrist, Annenkov graduated from the Odessa Cadet Corps, the Moscow Military School and devoted his life to serving in the Cossack troops.
After October, the Cossack detachment of Annenkov, who was at the front, received an order to disarm and go to Omsk. Annenkov violated the order and arrived in Omsk with an armed detachment. There, the Council of Cossack Deputies again invited him to disarm. But Annenkov again did not obey, left the city with the Cossacks and switched to a "partisan" position.
Moving from place to place, he destroyed Soviet institutions in villages, districts, cities, killed Soviet activists, and terrorized the population. Wealthy Siberian and Semirechensk Cossacks, former gendarmes, guards, policemen, ruined small merchants, seekers of easy prey, criminals joined the Annenkov detachment. Annenkov gave sonorous, loud names to parts of his detachment: “black hussars”, “blue lancers”, “cuirassiers”, “ataman regiment”.
Annenkovites were kept at the expense of robberies, donations from the bourgeoisie and the Cossack elite. Semipalatinsk merchants and industrialists, for example, gave Annenkov 2.5 million rubles to form a detachment. The leaders of the Kazakh "Alash-Orda" formed the Kazakh regiments as part of the Annenkov detachment.
The Annenkov detachment turned into a "division". She was first part of the troops of the Provisional Siberian Government, and later part of Kolchak's troops. The Omsk and Semipalatinsk provinces and the Semirechensk Territory became the field of its actions. Kolchak promoted thirty-year-old Annenkov to the generals and appointed him "commander of a separate Semirechensk army."
But Annenkov always maintained a special, "partisan" independence and often did not obey anyone's orders. His detachment had its own, "ataman" rituals and rules. The word "master" was replaced by the word "brother". On the banner of the detachment was inscribed the motto "God is with us" and embroidered with an emblem - a human skull with two crossbones. "Atamans" added to the motto "God is with us": "... and Ataman Annenkov." Such inscriptions flaunted on the walls of the wagons, on the guns, even on the body of the “atamans” in the form of tattoos.
Officer counterintelligence and military courts raged in the Annenkov units, following every step of the soldiers and the population and cruelly cracking down on dissidents. Annenkov was followed by a special car, nicknamed the "death car", in which the arrested were kept. Rarely did anyone get out of there alive. The sole and infallible ruler and legislator in this, in fact, a large band of robbers was the "brother ataman" - Annenkov.
Here selected examples actions of the Annenkov gang.
In September 1918, the peasants of the Slavgorod district of the Omsk province, dissatisfied with the mobilization of young people into the army and outraged by the repressive measures of the White Guard authorities, decided to oppose the Whites. On one of the market days, when many peasants gathered in the county town of Slavgorod, an uprising began, and the city was cleared of whites. Soon a county peasant congress gathered in Slavgorod, which was attended by over 400 delegates.
The Omsk Provisional Siberian Government took "measures". The former gendarmerie officer "Minister of War" P.P. Ivanov-Rinov entrusted the liquidation of the Slavgorod "Bolsheviks" to Annenkov.
On September 11, 1918, the Annenkovites occupied the city of Slavgorod. On the first day they killed about 500 people. Annenkov ordered the captured delegates of the peasant district congress (87 people) to be chopped up in the square opposite the People's House and buried here. This order was carried out.
At the same time, the Annenkovites set about the villages and villages of the county. The village of Black Dol was burned to the ground. Peasants, their wives and even children were shot, beaten, hung on poles. In the villages of Pavlovka, Tolkunov, Podsosnovka and others, the Cossacks carried out mass floggings of peasants of both sexes and all ages, and then they were executed.
"And how they executed!- said the eyewitness of these events Blokhin. — They pulled out the eyes of the living, pulled out the tongues, removed the stripes on the back, buried the living in the ground.
Another witness, Golubev, testified: “They tied them to the ponytails with a rope around the neck, let the horse run at full speed and thus killed them to death.
Young girls from the city and nearby villages were brought to the railway station train Annenkov, raped, and then immediately shot.
The steppe was littered with the headless corpses of peasants.
"Liquidating" the peasant movement in the Slavgorod district, Annenkov, by his "order", abolished the volost, zemstvo and village committees, restored the tsarist institute of foremen and elders. Under the threat of execution, every fifth peasant was overlaid with an indemnity.
In the future, Annenkov continued bloody atrocities. In the city of Sergiopol, the Annenkovites shot, chopped and hanged 80 people, burned part of the city, and plundered the property of citizens. In the village of Troitskoye they killed 100 men, 13 women, 7 infants, and burned the village. In the village of Nikolsky, the Annenkovites flogged 300 people, shot 30 and hanged 5; part of the village was burned, cattle was stolen, the property of citizens was plundered.
In the village of Znamenka, almost the entire population was slaughtered.
In early November 1919, ataman Annenkov arrived with a small detachment in Ust-Kamenogorsk, where he was solemnly welcomed by the "fathers" of the city. He was given a magnificent banquet with music. Meanwhile, the “atamans” who arrived with Annenkov appeared in the Ust-Kamenogorsk fortress, where the arrested were kept.
They mocked and terrorized all the prisoners, some of them were shot right in the corridors of the prison. Finally, the bandits selected a group of arrested people - 30 people - workers of the Pavlodar Soviet and Soviet workers in other places. They were placed on the steamer ataman Annenkov for delivery to Semipalatinsk.
In Semipalatinsk, the arrested were placed in the "death car". A few days later, Annenkov, without any trial or investigation, ordered that all 30 people be shot. The Annenkovites brought them to the shore of the Irtysh, already iced over, made a hole and ordered them to jump into the water. Those who did not want to jump were shot at.
Moving along Semirechye, the Annenkov robbers continued their bloody executions. And here the cup of patience of the peasant population overflowed. The indictment states: “When a drunken, unbridled gang ... began to flog peasants with impunity, rape women and girls, rob property and chop peasants, regardless of gender and age, and not just chop, said witness Dovbnya, but chop in several steps: they will cut off an arm, a leg, then they will cut the stomach, etc.; when, breaking into a peasant hut, the Annenkovites, according to the witness Turchinov, put a baby resting in the cradle on a bayonet and threw it into a burning stove from a bayonet, the peasants of the villages of Cherkassky, Novoantonovsky, together with the fled residents from the city of Lepsinsk, Pokatilovka and Veselo as one against bandits".
Following the example of these villages, other villages, lying to the east of Cherkassky, began to be organized - Novoandreevskaya, Uspenskoye, Glinskoye, Osipovskoye, Nadezhdinskoye, Gerasimovskoye, Konstantinovskoye and part of the Urdzharsky district. Armed with anything: pitchforks, pikes, smoothbore guns and a small number of three-line rifles, the peasants of those villages created a real front against the Annenkovites.
For several months, the peasants steadfastly fought off the attacks of the bandits. And only after the third offensive launched by Annenkov on July 14, 1919, those besieged in the village of Cherkassky because of hunger, scurvy, typhus were forced to lay down their arms.
Having captured Cherkasskoye, the Annenkovites killed 2,000 people in it, more than 700 people in the village of Kolpakovka, and 200 people in the village of Podgorny. The village of Antonovka was wiped off the face of the earth. In the village of Kara-Bulak, Uch-Aral volost, all men were killed.
At the beginning of 1920, the "Separate Semirechye Army", defeated by units of the Red Army, retreated to the Chinese border. Annenkov gathered his “army” here and told them: “Only the healthiest wrestlers who decide to fight to the end should stay with me. And those who are tired, I do not hold, let whoever wants to go back to Soviet Russia»
. Many agreed to return to Soviet Russia, not to go to China. Only notorious thugs remained with Annenkov. Then, quietly, the order was given to shoot those who were going to Soviet Russia and did not go to China.
Annenkov repeatedly practiced such cruel reprisals against his subordinates. “So, in Semipalatinsk, during the attack on the Lepsinsky red units, the soldiers of the brigade of General Yarushin, who then joined the Annenkov detachment, refused to act against the peasants and began to go over to their side. Annenkov decided to disband and disarm the brigade. On his orders, most of the brigade in the amount of 1500 people, including officers, was shot and hacked to death by the Annenkov regiment in the impenetrable Alekul reeds. .
Finally, the Annenkov gang crossed the Chinese border and settled in China near the Xinjiang city of Urumqi.
Annenkov intended to move his "atamans" east to join Semyonov, while his people, meanwhile, were banditry on Chinese soil. And then, in 1921, the Chinese authorities disarmed the "atamans", and Annenkov himself was put in prison, where he stayed for about three years. Only with the assistance of British and Japanese influential people was he released in February 1924.
(Boris Vladimirovich Annenkov. The "art" on the body is a consequence of the ataman's stay in a Chinese prison.)
By that time, over the three years of their stay in China, the “Annenkov brotherhood” had crumbled: many had gone to the White Guard detachments, which were formed here by Russian White émigré organizations; some made their way to Semyonov, entered the service of Chinese generals leading civil war; part returned to their homeland with confession.
Having been released from prison, Annenkov, with his former chief of staff N. A. Denisov (whom he himself now promoted to general) and a small detachment (18 people) of the "atamans" in May 1924 headed deep into China, settled near the city of Lanzhou and engaged in "breeding pedigree horses."
In April 1926, Annenkov's statement was published in the Soviet, Chinese and White émigré press, in which he asked the All-Russian Central Executive Committee for forgiveness. Following this, Annenkov, and then his chief of staff, Denisov, arrived from China in Soviet Russia. Annenkov appealed to his former "partisans" and to all the White Guards with an appeal to stop the anti-Soviet struggle, repent before the Soviet authorities and return to their homeland with a confession.
This was not a surprise at the time. The world has already known many cases of remorse of the enemies of the Soviet system; among them were previously irreconcilable political opponents who had fought against the Soviet regime for many years, prominent White Guard generals.
And yet, Annenkov's repentance and confession were somewhat of a mystery. What influenced Annenkov, made him stop fighting the Soviet regime? How could this fanatical, cruel "punisher" and "pacifier" hope for pardon?
(General Diterichs with officers of the Izhevsk and Votkinsk foot squads
and Annenkovskaya cavalry. Kirin, Shi-Xin-Chun-chan's camp. 1923.)
Only more than forty years after the trial, data were published that shed light on Annenkov's "motives". And it turned out that Annenkov's repentance was "repentance of a special kind."
Not for a single moment after his release from a Chinese prison did Annenkov leave the thought of continuing the armed struggle against the Soviet regime. From a bear's corner, not far from Lanzhou, where he "bred pedigree horses," Annenkov carried on extensive correspondence with former associates, leaders of Russian White Guard organizations operating on Chinese territory. He looked closely at the white camp, studied the possibilities to continue the struggle again, looked for his place in it (of course, befitting his "high position of ataman").
At that time, a number of White émigré anti-Soviet organizations existed in China. In the Russian monarchist camp of interest to Annenkov, the Shanghai group “N. N." - former Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich. This Shanghai group was headed by a certain Nikolai Ostroukhov. In the same Shanghai, there was another monarchical organization - the "Epiphany Brotherhood" - under the leadership of the former regimental doctor of the Annenkov army D. I. Kazakov. Both monarchist groups competed with each other, and both called Annenkov into their ranks.
There were also purely military organizations operating in China from former officers and soldiers of the Kolchak, Dutov, Semenov, and Annenkov armies. They were bizarrely woven into the civil war in China between the generals Zhang Zuoling and Wu Peifu and the People's Army of Sun Yat-sen's supporters, led at that time by Feng Yuxiang. General Zhang Zuolin, for example, had Colonel Merkulov, the head of one of the White Guard military groups, as an adviser.
At the beginning of November 1925, Annenkov met with his "ataman", the former head of the personal convoy F.K. Cherkashin, whom he certainly believed. He, having appeared in Lanzhou under the guise of a fur buyer for an English company, handed over to Annenkov a letter from the chief of staff of the Russian White Guard group in the troops Zhang Zuolin, the former chief of staff of the 5th Siberian Kolchak division M. A. Mikhailov, who acted on behalf of Merkulov.
Annenkov set out his decision and answer in three letters, which he handed over to Cherkashin for delivery to the addressees.
In a letter addressed to Mikhailov, Annenkov stated that he agreed to take command of a detachment of Russian White Guards. He wrote: “The gathering of partisans and their organization is my cherished dream, which has not left me for five years ... And I will undertake its fulfillment with great pleasure ... Judging by the numerous letters received from my partisans, they will gather at the first call. .. All this will give hope to gather a significant detachment of loyal, brave and experienced people in a rather short period of time. And this detachment should be one of the cadres around which future units will form..
In another letter, addressed to the former Annenkovite P.D. Ilaryev, who served at the headquarters of Zhang Zuolin, he wrote that he had received an offer to assemble a detachment and instructed him, Ilaryev, to temporarily command it, since he himself could not openly undertake this. “In order for me to get out of here,” Annenkov wrote, “it is necessary to ensure that my name is not mentioned at all in involvement in the detachment. It is better, on the contrary, to spread rumors about my refusal to join the Far Eastern organizations, about my change of front.
Annenkov also wrote a third letter, addressed to the head of the monarchist organization "Epiphany Brotherhood" D. I. Kazakov. Subsequently, in the OGPU, he characterized this letter as follows: “In this letter, I wrote to Kazakov about my “supposedly unwillingness to join the ranks of Zhang Zuolin and organize detachments,” which would later oppose the 1st People's Army. If Cherkashy fell into the hands of the 1st People's Army, he would try to destroy the above two letters (letter to Mikhailov and letter to Ilaryev), leaving a third, provocative letter addressed to Kazakov ".
Annenkov was cunning and cautious. But he did not take into account the fact that he was followed not only by the Chinese authorities. The Soviet counterintelligence also closely followed him - in the end, the Chekists neutralized Annenkov. Not one, but all three of Annenkov's letters (written by him and sealed with the "Ataman seal") did not reach the addressees, but into the hands of the Chekists.
The plan to capture Annenkov was developed in the OGPU under the leadership of V. R. Menzhinsky, the head of the counterintelligence department A. Kh. Artuzov and the head of the foreign department M. A. Trilisser.
It was decided to force Annenkov and his chief of staff Denisov to surrender to the Soviet counterintelligence, deliver them to Soviet Union and put them on trial for their crimes. For this, it was possible to use a false version and rumors that Annenkov himself spread that he “departed from politics” and intends to “reconcile with Soviet power».
Annenkov set in motion such rumors in order to secretly conduct anti-Soviet work under their cover. Now it was necessary to force him to publicly confess.
The repentance of the former ataman Annenkov could contribute to the decay of the white emigration in China: if Annenkov turns himself in to the Soviet Union, then many of his “atamans” and persons among whom he enjoyed authority may follow his example. But how to force Annenkov to surrender into the hands of the Soviet authorities? Maybe if you put him in a hopeless situation, he himself will try to continue the game of "voluntary repentance" in order to earn indulgence?
A group of Chekists headed by an experienced counterintelligence officer S.P. Likharenko, specially sent to China, was assigned to carry out a complex, difficult plan.
In China, a group of Soviet military specialists headed by the former commander of the Red Cossacks V. M. Primakov worked as advisers in the People's Army of Feng Yuxiang. Since the activities of Annenkov, who formed the White Guard detachment to help Zhang Zuolin, affected the interests of Feng Yuxiang, the Chekists reported their plan to capture Annenkov to V.M. stop him if necessary.
Everything was done as intended.
Arriving at the invitation of Feng Yuxiang to his headquarters, Annenkov was arrested after a while and handed over to the Chekists. He had no choice but to try to play the role of "voluntarily repentant": maybe it will help. After he wrote the already mentioned request for pardon, he was taken to Moscow under solid guard and handed over to Soviet justice.
The investigation into the case of Annenkov and his chief of staff was conducted by the investigator for especially important cases of the RSFSR Prosecutor's Office D. Matron. And it was considered in Semipalatinsk by the visiting session of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR on July 25 - August 12, 1927, chaired by P. M. Melngalva. The state prosecution at the trial was supported by the senior assistant to the prosecutor of the Supreme Court of the USSR Pavlovsky and public prosecutors Yarkov, Mustambaev and Paskevich.
Defended by lawyers Boretsky and Tsvetkov. Dozens of witnesses from Omsk, Semipalatinsk provinces and Semirechye were summoned to the trial. In addition to those summoned on the list of the indictment, at the initiative of public prosecutors, another 90 witnesses for the prosecution were interrogated at the trial.
The military collegium of the Supreme Court sentenced Annenkov and his henchman Denisov to death. On August 24, 1927, the sentence was carried out.
February 09, 1889 - August 25, 1927
ataman of the Siberian Cossack army, commander of a separate Semirechensk army, major general, participant in the Civil War
Biography
From the Siberian Cossacks. Born in the family of a retired colonel. He was a fencing instructor at a military school.
- 1906 - Graduated from the Odessa Cadet Corps.
- 1908 - He graduated from the Alexander Military School, was released as a cornet in the 1st Siberian Cossack Regiment as commander of a hundred.
- Transferred to the 4th Siberian Cossack Regiment (Kokchetav).
- 1914 - A riot broke out in the Cossack camp. The rebels chose Annenkov as their temporary boss, but he did not take a direct part in the speech. Annenkov personally reported the incident to the Siberian military ataman. On the demand from General Usachev, who arrived with a punitive expedition, to name the instigators and persons involved in the murder of officers, he refused. On charges of harboring and inaction, he was brought to court-martial among 80 rebels. Acquitted by court martial. He was betrayed to a higher district court-martial, which sentenced him to 1 year and 4 months in a fortress with restricted rights. Annenkov's punishment was replaced by a referral to the German front.
- 1915 - As part of the 4th Siberian Cossack regiment, he participated in battles in Belarus. Once surrounded, he brought out the remnants of the regiment.
- 1915-1917 - Commanded one of the partisan detachments created on his initiative. He was awarded the St. George and St. Anna, an honorary weapon, the French Order of the Foreign Legion (from the hands of General Poe), as well as the English medal "For Bravery".
- March 3, 1917 - With a detachment swore allegiance to the Provisional Government.
- September 1917 - Moved with the detachment to the disposal of the headquarters of the 1st Army.
- December 1917 - Exiled to Omsk with a detachment to be disbanded "for counter-revolutionary".
- January 1918 - Refused to disarm the detachment at the request of the Bolsheviks and began to fight, settling in the village of Zakhlamlinskaya, but was forced to retreat to neighboring villages.
- February 18-19, 1918 - During the "Priest's rebellion", he organized a raid to save the military shrines of the Siberian Cossacks - the Army Banner of the 300th Anniversary of the House of Romanov and the Banner of Yermak - after which he went to Kokchetav, then to the Kyrgyz steppe.
- March 1918 - Elected military ataman of the Siberian Cossacks illegally convened in the village of Atamanskaya (near Omsk) by the military circle of the Siberian Cossacks.
- March 12, 1918 - At the head of the Separate Rifle and Cavalry Brigades, he rebelled against the Soviet regime.
- March 19, 1918 - Took Omsk.
- End of April 1918 - Annenkov's rebellion was suppressed, Omsk was taken by the Bolsheviks.
- June-October 1918 - The detachment reached a strength of 1,500 bayonets and sabers (4 regiments, an artillery division and several auxiliary units), together with the White Czechs, took part in battles against the Bolshevik troops in Western Siberia.
- July 28, 1918 - Army foreman.
- Commanding a combined detachment of Orenburg and Siberian Cossacks, he defeated the detachments of Kashirin and Blucher on the Upper Ural Front and took Verkhneuralsk.
- September 11, 1918 - Brutally suppressed the Bolshevik uprising in the Slavgorod and Pavlodar districts, capturing the red county peasant congress of 400 delegates.
- October 15, 1919 - Awarded the Order of St. George IV degree and promoted to major general.
- October 23, 1918 - Partisan detachment transferred to the ataman of the Semirechensky Cossack army and renamed the "Partisan Ataman Annenkov Division".
- December 22, 1918 - Counterintelligence and separate units of the detachment participated in the suppression of the Bolshevik uprising in Omsk and brutal reprisals against its members.
- December 1918 - Received command of the 2nd Steppe Corps with an order to liberate the entire Semirechye from the Reds.
- January-April 1919 - With varying success, he fought in the area of the village of Andreevka.
- July 1919 - Conducted combat operations in the Andreevka area. He allocated several regiments to the Eastern Front.
- August 1919 - Commander of the Separate Semirechye Army. Suppressed the uprisings in Semipalatinsk and Lepsinsky district.
- Winter 1919-1920 - Took command over parts of Dutov.
- February 29, 1920 - Refused to accept the ultimatum of the Red Army command and lay down their arms.
- March-April 1920 - With an 18,000-strong detachment, he retreated to the Chinese border, settling at the Selke Pass.
- April 28, 1920 - Left with the remnants of the detachment to China, where he was based in Xinjiang.
- August 15, 1920 - Relocated to Urumqi.
- September 1920 - Relocated to Gucheng Fortress.
- March 1921 - Arrested by the Chinese authorities and imprisoned in Urumqi.
- February 1924 - Released through the efforts of the chief of staff of the detachment, Major General N. A. Denisov, and thanks to the intervention of representatives of the Entente countries.
- April 7, 1924 - Fraudulently captured by the commander of the 1st Chinese people's army Marshal Feng Yuxiang (for a large monetary reward) and handed over to the Chekists operating in China, after which he was taken to the USSR through Mongolia.
- July 25 - August 12, 1927 - court session of the field session of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR in Semipalatinsk.
- August 25, 1927 - Shot together with N. A. Denisov.
- September 7, 1999 - The Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation refused to rehabilitate Annenkov B.V. and N.A. Denisov.