BARNETT EFFECT
rotation of a ferromagnetic sample increases its magnetization along the axis of rotation. Discovered by S. Barnett (1909). Indicates the relationship of atomic magnetic moments with mechanical moments. The reverse effect is called the Einstein-de Haas effect.
TSB. Modern explanatory dictionary, TSB. 2003
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- BARNETT EFFECT
rotation of a ferromagnetic sample increases its magnetization along the axis of rotation. Discovered by S. Barnett (1909). Indicates the relationship of atomic magnetic moments with ... - BARNETT EFFECT
effect, the magnetization of ferromagnets during their rotation in the absence of magnetic field; opened in 1909 American physicist S. Barnett. B. ... - EFFECT
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HERDING - the behavior of consumers who build their consumption in such a way as to keep up with others, with an orientation towards a common style ... - EFFECT in the Dictionary of Economic Terms:
SNOBISM - consumer behavior driven by the desire to rise above ... - EFFECT in the Dictionary of Economic Terms:
SYMPATIES - the desire of the object of study to meet halfway when answering ... - EFFECT in the Dictionary of Economic Terms:
INVISIBLE HAND - a term originating from Adam Smith and meaning a market mechanism for self-regulation of the economy. According to A. Smith, ... - EFFECT in the Dictionary of Economic Terms:
INVISIBLE FOOT - the effect that, with the possibility of free movement in the country, people "vote with their feet", rushing to those ... - EFFECT in the Dictionary of Economic Terms:
MULTIPLIER - the effect of a change in total spending on net national product, caused by a change in consumption, in investment, in net tax ... - EFFECT in the Dictionary of Economic Terms:
CUMULATIVE - see CUMULATIVE EFFECT ... - EFFECT in the Dictionary of Economic Terms:
CURVE JAY - the phenomenon of lagging the positive impact of depreciation on the trade balance (chart in the form English letter"T") … - EFFECT in the Dictionary of Economic Terms:
SUBSTITUTIONS - 1) a change in the magnitude of demand for a product as a result of replacing more expensive goods with less expensive ones; 2) the influence that has ... - EFFECT in the Dictionary of Economic Terms:
INCOME - the effect that a change in the price of a product has on the real income of the consumer, on the amount of the product that the buyer purchases, taking into account ... - EFFECT in the Dictionary of Economic Terms:
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CRUSHING - an increase in interest rates and a subsequent reduction in the planned volume of investment in the economy, caused by an increase in government borrowing on monetary ... - EFFECT in the Dictionary of Economic Terms:
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BALLOON - a term used to characterize the successive issuance of bonds, which in the first years of validity are provided for smaller ... - EFFECT in the Dictionary of Economic Terms:
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(from lat. effectys - execution action, from efficio - act, perform), .. 1) result, consequence of any causes, actions (for example, the effect of treatment) ... 2) Strong ... - EFFECT in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
(from lat. effectus - execution, action, from efficio - act, perform), 1) result, consequence of any causes, actions (for example, E. treatment). … - EFFECT
[from Latin effectus action] 1) the action of any cause, force; result, consequence of something; 2) a strong impression made by someone or ... - EFFECT in the Encyclopedic Dictionary:
a, m. 1. The impression made by someone on something Spectacular - producing e., impressive. 2. usually pl. Means, reception ... - EFFECT in the Encyclopedic Dictionary:
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"MEMORY EFFECT", recovery as a result of heating after plastic. initial deformations. product shape. It is observed in products made of alloys Ni-Ti (nitinol), Au-Cd, ... - EFFECT in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
EFFECT (from lat. effectus - performance, action, from efficio - I act, perform), result, consequence of c.-l. causes, actions (eg, E. treatment). … - BARNETTA in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
BARNETT EFFECT, the magnetization of a ferromagnet when it rotates along the axis of rotation, even in the absence of a magnet. fields. Discovered by S. Barnett (1909). Explained... - EFFECT in the Full accentuated paradigm according to Zaliznyak:
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(efe), effect, m. (Latin effectus - Action). 1. only units impression made by someone. on somebody. The whole effect of surprise, which ... - 1998.10.23 in Pages of History What, where, when:
In Buffalo (USA), a sniper kills Dr. Barnett STEPYAN, who produced ... - VICTORIOUS in the Pedagogical Encyclopedic Dictionary:
Konstantin Petrovich (1827-1907), statesman, publicist, teacher. Poch. part of the Russian and French Academies of Sciences. Senator (1868), member of the Council of State (1872), ... - HYROMAGNETIC PHENOMENA in the Big Encyclopedic Dictionary:
- HYROMAGNETIC PHENOMENA in Modern explanatory dictionary, TSB:
magnetomechanical phenomena, indicate the existence of a connection between the magnetic and mechanical moments of atomic carriers of magnetism: an increase in the mechanical moment of a ferromagnet causes the appearance of ...
? arose in London at the thought of the vicar of the church of St. Judas in Whitechapel, Barnett. This thought was caused by the death of Toynbee (see), ...
open Samuel Barnett in 1909.
The effect shows the relationship between atomic magnetic moments and mechanical moments.
The effect is the opposite of the Einstein-de Haas effect.
Wikipedia:
Einstein-de Haas effect(Einstein-de Haas effect, Einstein-de Haas-Richardson effect) - one of the magnetomechanical effects, consists in the fact that a body (ferromagnet), when magnetized along a certain axis, acquires a rotational momentum relative to it, proportional to the acquired magnetization.
This phenomenon was predicted in 1908 O. Richardson, openly and theoretically explained in 1915 by Einstein and the Dutch physicist W. de Haas.
The effect is the opposite of the Barnett effect.
Like the Barnett effect, it demonstrates the existence of a connection between the intrinsic mechanical and magnetic moments of microparticles (in particular, atoms).
The effect is realized in ferromagnets.
In a sample rotating at a constant angular velocity around a constant z axis (Fig. 1), the elementary magnets of its material are a kind of gyroscopes that have a mechanical moment of momentum and a magnetic moment.
Observation geometry of the Barnet effect.
The rotating cylinder is made of a ferromagnet.
Rotation of gyroscopes with constant angular velocity wz around a constant z-axis is equivalent to the process of rotation of gyroscopes around this axis under the action of some “overturning” pair of forces, which tends to put the axis of each gyroscope parallel to the axis z.
At the same time, the rotation of all gyroscopes with a constant angular velocity around a constant axis z is equivalent to the action on these magnets of the field Hef, directed along the axis z, because such a field will cause, according to the theorem Larmor, precession of gyroscopic magnets with an angular velocity Wz= gHef.
The presence of an effective field Hef should manifest itself not only in the precession of magnets, but also in the appearance of magnetization of the sample along the z axis.
From experiments to study the effect, the gyromagnetic ratio was determined:
g \u003d M / q \u003d ge / (2mc),
Where M- magnetic moment of a particle of matter;
q- angular momentum of the particle;
e and t- the charge and mass of the electron;
with- the speed of light;
g- magnetic-mechanical factor.
The effect is possible at temperatures below the point Curie.
The physical effect is manifested on the bodies of an elongated geometric shape.
The result of the impact is manifested in the volume of the ferromagnetic body.
The resulting magnetic field is directed along the axis of rotation.
Timing
Initiation time (log to -11 to -9);Lifetime (log tc -9 to 15);
Degradation time (log td -11 to -9);
Optimal development time (log tk 0 to 6).
Diagram:
Technical realizations of the effect
Technical implementation of the effectTechnical implementation in accordance with fig. 2.
The resulting magnetic field generated by the magnetization is measured with a standard magnetometer.
Applying an effect
The physical effect is used to study the nature and structure of ferromagnetic substances.He made it possible to establish that in some ferromagnetic metals (Fe, Co, Ni, Cd) elementary magnets are the spin magnetic moments of electrons, while in other ferromagnetic bodies and paramagnets, the spin and orbital magnetic moments of electrons.
Literature
1. Physics. Large encyclopedic Dictionary.- M.: Bolshaya Russian Encyclopedia, 1999.
2. New Polytechnical Dictionary.- M.: Great Russian Encyclopedia, 2000.
3. S. J. Barnett: Magnetization by Rotation. In: Phys. Rev. 6, 1915, 239-270.
4. S. J. Barnett: Gyromagnetic and Electron-Inertia Effects. Rev. Mod. Phys. 7. 1935, 129-166.
Here is what the physical encyclopedia says about the Barnett effect:
BARNETT EFFECT - magnetization of ferromagnets during their rotation in the absence of magnetic. fields; opened by S. Barnett (S. Barnett, 1909). B. e. due to the fact that during the rotation of the magnet is created gyroscopic. moment (see. Gyroscope) tending to rotate the spin or orbital mechanical. moments of atoms in the direction of the axis of rotation of the magnet. With mechanical the moment of atoms is connected by their magn. moment (see Spin), therefore, during rotation, a magnetic component appears. moment (magnetization) along the axis of rotation. B. e. allows you to determine the magnetomechanical ratio 111999-375.jpg or g-factor (g=111999-376.jpg*2 tf/e) for atoms of a number of substances. For metals and alloys of elements of the iron group, the value of g turned out to be close to 2, which is typical for the spin magn. electron moment. This is one of the arguments in favor of the fact that the ferromagnetism of the elements of the iron group (Fe, Co, Ni) in the main. due to the spin magnetism of electrons.
On the example of a substance from the iron group, we will conduct a thought experiment.
One kilogram of iron contains 1.0783469568534 x 10 25 of its atoms. That is, rounded, 10 25 pieces. To date, the Hubble Space Telescope has "seen" more than 50,000 billion galaxies, that is, 5 x 10 13 pieces. We get a shortage. Well, let's use other data: in one galaxy there are roughly 150 billion stars, or (approximately) 10 11 pieces. At a very rough estimate, the number of atoms in one kilogram of iron is the same as the number of stars in all the galaxies visible by the Hubble telescope. Let's spin all visible galaxies around their central axis. The question is: what kind of forces should cause the stars of this galactic array to change the orientation of their axes of rotation in such a way that a single magnetic field appears? Gyroscopic effect? But with a change in the direction of the axes of rotation of stars, the trajectories of their satellites will inevitably change. For example, if our Sun changes its axis of rotation, will this not affect the parameters of the Earth's orbit? Then a chain reaction will begin: the changed star systems will affect the energy state of the galaxies they enter. Galaxies must also change. That is, the structure of the substance must change up to an increase / decrease in the total volume. If the example is not correct, then let us return directly to the galaxies themselves and their axes of rotation, considering not a kilogram of iron, but the corresponding part of it, which is not so important: the Barnett effect does not depend on the mass of the rotated matter. However, the reasoning will remain the same: a change in the direction of rotation of the constituent elements of matter must modify their structure. A change in the structure must be accompanied by a release of energy in the form of EM radiation. This is observed when materials are magnetized in very strong magnetic fields, when the samples swell. But the Barnett effect is observed in the absence of external field. Thus, the thought experiment shows that the Barnett effect and Larmor's theorem are in no way related to each other.
According to modern concepts, atoms in matter, like galaxies in the Universe, rotate in different directions.
Can there be another explanation for the Barnett effect, in which the structure of matter does not change during rotation?
Consider two interacting . The EM vortex consists of two components. Consider the electrical component, which is a family of hyperbolas.
For interacting atoms, two variants of vortices are possible
1) symmetrical
2) asymmetrical
In the first case, the closure lines of force go according to plan
And the result is a unified field system
In the second case, the power lines are closed according to the scheme
As a result, you get a "figure eight" with a break point in the middle
In order for the interacting atoms-vortices to form a single system, it is necessary to eliminate the discontinuity point, that is, to spatially separate the lines of force in the middle. In the Barnett effect, this is done by rotating the sample: the "figure eight" turns into a deformed ellipse and disappears. Appears due to the finite speed of the field moving along the lines of force ("delay" of the moving field along the moving lines of force).
Conclusion: the Barnett effect is a case of eliminating the point of intersection of field lines by rotating interacting vortices
As a result, closed electric circuits appear in the radial direction with a certain potential difference between the periphery and the center, which leads to the appearance of a magnetic field.
It's on the fingers. So the Larmor theorem is out of business here.
BARNETT EFFECT
BARNETT EFFECT
Ferromagnets during their rotation in the absence of a magnet. fields; opened in 1909 Amer. physicist S. Barnett. B. e. due to the fact that during the rotation of the magnet is created gyroscopic. moment (see GYROSCOPE), tending to rotate the spin or orbital mechanical. atoms in the direction of the axis of rotation of the magnet. With mechanical the moment of atoms is connected by their magn. moment (see SPIN), therefore, during rotation, a magnetic component appears. moment (magnetization) along the axis of rotation. B. e. allows you to determine g or g-factor (g=g2mc/e) for atoms of a number of in-in.
For metals and alloys of elements of the iron group, the value of g turned out to be close to 2, which is typical for the spin magn. moment e-new. This is one of the arguments in favor of the fact that the elements of the iron group (Fe, Co, Ni) in the main. due to spin magnetism e-nov.
Physical Encyclopedic Dictionary. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. . 1983 .
BARNETT EFFECT
Magnetization of ferromagnets during their rotation in the absence of a magnet. fields; opened by S. Barnett (S. Barnett, 1909). B. e. due to the fact that during the rotation of the magnet is created gyroscopic. moment (see Gyroscope), tending to rotate the spin or orbital mechanical. moments of atoms on the direction of the axis of rotation of the magnet. With mechanical the moment of atoms is connected by their magn. moment (see Spin), therefore, during rotation, a magnetic component appears. moment (magnetization) along the axis of rotation. B. e. allows you to determine magnetomechanical ratio or g-factor ( g=*2 ts/e) for atoms of a number of substances. For metals and alloys of elements of the iron group, the value g turned out to be close to 2, which is typical for the spin magn. electron moment. This is one of the arguments in favor of the fact that the ferromagnetism of the elements of the iron group (Fe, Co, Ni) in the main. due to the spin magnetism of electrons.
Lit.: Vonsovsky S.V., Magnetism, M., 1971.
Physical encyclopedia. In 5 volumes. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. Editor-in-Chief A. M. Prokhorov. 1988 .
See what the "BARNET EFFECT" is in other dictionaries:
Rotation of a ferromagnetic sample increases its magnetization along the axis of rotation. Discovered by S. Barnett (1909). Indicates the relationship of atomic magnetic moments with mechanical moments. The reverse effect is called the Einstein de Haas effect... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
The magnetization of a ferromagnet when it is rotated along the axis of rotation even in the absence of a magnetic field. Discovered by S. Barnett (1909). It is explained by the connection of atomic magnetic moments with mechanical moments. The reverse effect is called Einstein ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
Magnetization of ferromagnets during their rotation in the absence of a magnetic field; discovered in 1909 by the American physicist S. Barnett. B. e. is explained by the fact that during the rotation of the body, the angular momentum and the associated magnetic ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
The Einstein de Haas effect (the Einstein de Haas effect, the Einstein de Haas Richardson effect) is one of the magnetomechanical effects, is that the body (ferromagnet) when magnetized along a certain axis ... ... Wikipedia
In physics, the Einstein de Haas effect is the process by which a body receives a rotational momentum along the axis of rotation, proportional to the acquired magnetization. The effect was discovered in 1915 by Einstein and the Dutch physicist W. de Haas ... Wikipedia
Barnett effect
The Barnett effect is an increase in the magnetization of a rotating ferromagnet along its axis of rotation. Discovered by Samuel Barnett in 1909. The effect shows the relationship between atomic magnetic moments and mechanical moments. The effect is the opposite of the effect ... ... Wikipedia
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Magneto-mechanical phenomena indicating the existence of a connection between the magnetic and mechanical moments of atomic carriers of magnetism: an increase in the mechanical moment of a ferromagnet causes an additional magnetic moment, and ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
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Einstein effect- The Einstein de Haas effect (the Einstein de Haas effect, the Einstein de Haas Richardson effect) is one of the magnetomechanical effects, is that the body (ferromagnet) when magnetized along a certain axis ... ... Wikipedia
BARNETT EFFECT- magnetization of ferromagnets during their rotation in the absence of a magnet. fields; opened in 1909 Amer. physicist S. Barnett. B. e. due to the fact that during the rotation of the magnet is created gyroscopic. moment (see GYROSCOPE) tending to turn ... ... Physical Encyclopedia
BARNETT EFFECT- rotation of a ferromagnetic sample increases its magnetization along the axis of rotation. Discovered by S. Barnett (1909). Indicates the relationship of atomic magnetic moments with mechanical moments. The reverse effect is called the Einstein de Haas effect... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
Einstein-de Haas effect- In physics, the Einstein de Haas effect is the process of obtaining a body of rotational momentum along the axis of rotation, proportional to the acquired magnetization. The effect was discovered in 1915 by Einstein and the Dutch physicist W. de Haas ... Wikipedia
Barnett effect- magnetization of a ferromagnet during its rotation along the axis of rotation, even in the absence of a magnetic field. Discovered by S. Barnett (1909). It is explained by the connection of atomic magnetic moments with mechanical moments. The reverse effect is called Einstein ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
Barnett effect- magnetization of ferromagnets during their rotation in the absence of a magnetic field; discovered in 1909 by the American physicist S. Barnett. B. e. is explained by the fact that during the rotation of the body, the angular momentum and the associated magnetic ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
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