| Lezhnevo village, Alley of Heroes | ||
| On the grave in Lviv | ||
| On the grave in Lviv (general view) | ||
| with. Resurrection, stele | ||
| Memorial sign in the village of Ustechko | ||
| Shuya, memorial plaque |
G Orelov Vladimir Mikhailovich - commander of the 1st Guards Tank Brigade (8th Guards Mechanized Corps, 1st Guards Tank Army, 1st Ukrainian Front), Guard Colonel.
He was born on July 22, 1909 in the village of Kolyshkino, now the Lezhnevsky district of the Ivanovo region, in a peasant family. Russian. Early became an orphan, from the age of 9 he worked as a shepherd, studied at primary school in the village of Resurrection.
In March 1924, he became a pupil of orphanage No. 6 in the city of Shuya. In the autumn of 1925, he entered the Shuya Factory Apprenticeship School (FZU). Having received education and a specialty, he worked at a factory in Ivanovo.
In 1928, Gorelov volunteered for the Red Army, was sent by the Komsomol organization to the Ivanovo-Voznesensk Infantry School named after M.V. Frunze, in 1930 reorganized into Orlovsk armored school named after M.V. Frunze. Member of the CPSU (b) since 1929. Upon graduation in 1931, he was appointed tank commander in an armored unit in the city of Chelyabinsk. After some time, he was already in command of a platoon. In 1935 he was sent to the Military Academy of Mechanization and Motorization of the Red Army, from which he graduated in 1939.
After the academy, Captain Gorelov was appointed to the post of deputy regiment commander for the technical part in the 80th tank regiment of the 41st tank division Kyiv military district (Vladimir-Volynsky). He received his first baptism of fire by participating in a campaign in Western Ukraine and Western Belarus. Captain Gorelov performed all the tasks of the command brilliantly, showing determination and initiative at the same time. This was noted in the next certification: "Deserves and deserves the military rank of major in an extraordinary order. It is advisable to use it in a command position - the commander of a separate tank battalion." Major Gorelov received under his command not a battalion, but a regiment. And in the spring of 1941 he was appointed deputy commander of a tank brigade. In this position, he met the Great Patriotic War.
Since June 1941, Gorelov fought the enemy on Southwestern Front. One of the characteristics noted: "Major Gorelov was at the command posts of the battalions all the time, personally led the operation and interacted with other branches of the military." From October 1941 - in the battles in the Moscow direction as part of the 49th tank brigade. In January 1942, he was awarded the first military order - the Red Banner.
In the summer of 1942, a difficult situation arose on one of the sectors of the front. July 3, the enemy, pushing rifle regiment occupied a number of settlements. A threat was created to the right flank of the Major General's tankers. To eliminate the threat, the command allocated a tank group, placing the overall command on Major Gorelov. He established contact with the infantry regiment, and by personal example led the lying infantry into the attack. After this battle, Gorelov received the rank of lieutenant colonel.
On August 2 (according to other sources, September 19), 1942, Lieutenant Colonel Gorelov became the commander of the 1st Guards Tank Brigade, replacing him in this position. The brigade under the command of V.M. Gorelov became the core of the tank guard.
In the late autumn of 1942, the tank brigade of V.M. Gorelov was transferred to the command of the Kalinin Front. During the first ten days of the offensive near the city of Rzhev, she, in cooperation with other parts of the tank corps, broke through three enemy defensive lines. In two months of fighting, the brigade destroyed and captured a lot of manpower and military equipment of the enemy. Among the trophies were 27 tanks, 7 self-propelled guns, 4 aircraft, 70 guns, 14 vehicles. Exterminated 2150 Nazi soldiers and officers. The brigade commander was always in the combat ranks of the brigade, he led the battle on the spot. For courage, courage and skillful leadership, V.M. Gorelov received the Order of the Red Banner, and the 1st Guards Tank Brigade - the Order of Lenin.
In the spring of 1943, the brigade was transferred to Kursk Bulge to the Voronezh Front and then fought in the 1st Tank (1st Guards Tank) Army until the end of the war. On July 5, the guardsmen of the 1st Guards Tank Brigade entered into single combat with the "tigers" and "panthers" of the enemy. These were difficult, exhausting fights. At times, a very critical situation was created. But the guards withstood the onslaught of the enemy, and then launched a counteroffensive. For participating in Battle of Kursk brigade commander Colonel Gorelov was awarded the order Lenin.
Having won the summer battles of 1943, Soviet troops continued to hold the initiative in their hands. Gorelov's guardsmen participated in the Belgorod-Kharkov operation, the battle for the Dnieper, in the Korsun-Shevchensk, Proskurov-Chernivtsi operations. They daring, swift maneuvers bypassed the enemy, cutting off his escape routes, smashing the rear.
Only from March 21 to April 1, 1944, the brigade under the command of Colonel Gorelov successfully crossed the Dniester River, liberated more than 63 settlements, including the cities of Chertkov (Ternopil region), Gorodenka, Kolomyia, Nadvirna (Ivano-Frankivsk region), destroyed 36 tanks , 346 vehicles, 52 guns, 6 enemy armored personnel carriers. In addition, 1815 vehicles, 8 warehouses with grain and food, 45 locomotives, 14 echelons were captured. Guardsmen destroyed and captured about three thousand Nazi soldiers and officers.
At order of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of April 26, 1944 for the skillful leadership of units, for personal exploits in battles during the crossing of the Dniester River, Guards Colonel Gorelov Vladimir Mikhailovich awarded the title of Hero Soviet Union with the award of the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal (N 2407).
The commander of the 1st Guards Tank Brigade, V.M. Gorelov, has come a long way. Under him, she was awarded the orders of Lenin, the Red Banner, Suvorov, Kutuzov and Bogdan Khmelnitsky. For the liberation of the city of Chertkov, Ternopil region, she earned the honorary name "Chertkiv".
On July 5, 1944, Colonel Gorelov was appointed deputy commander of the 8th Guards Mechanized Corps. In this post, he fought in the Lvov-Sandomierz and Vistula-Oder operations, for excellent command he was introduced to the rank of general. But he did not have a chance to put on a general's uniform.
On January 28, 1945, he tragically died near the Polish city of Poznan. Colonel Gorelov was instructed to restore order in the occupied settlement, preserve the captured trophies, stop robbery and looting. Shot in the back by a funeral squad soldier.
Gorelov's body was transported to Lvov. The ashes of the Hero rest on the hill of Glory in the city of Lvov.
He was awarded two Orders of Lenin (07/28/1943, 04/26/1944), two Orders of the Red Banner (1942, 1944), Patriotic War 1st degree (1945, posthumously), two Orders of the Red Star (1941, 1943), foreign award - the Order of the British Empire 2nd degree (Great Britain. 1944).
Streets in the cities of Ivano-Frankivsk, Lvov, Zhmerynka, Vinnitsa region, Chertkov, Ternopil region, Kolomyia, Chernivtsi, Ruzhin, Lokachi, Volyn region of Ukraine, in the city of Shuya, Ivanovo region, bear the name of Gorelov (probably, they were more correctly worn). On the house where the Hero was born, in the village of Kolyshkino, a memorial plaque was installed (removed by new residents). His name was given to the school in the village of Voskresensky, Lezhnevsky district, Ivanovo region, and a stele was installed in the village. The hero is immortalized on the Alley of Heroes of the village of Lezhnevo, the memorial of Ivanovo heroes in the regional center.
FROM THE AWARD LIST
Summary of personal combat exploits and meritDuring the offensive battles of the brigade from March 21 to April 1, 1944 in the Stanislavsky direction 1 Ukrainian front comrade Gorelov showed courage and heroism in the fight against the German invaders. Commanding a brigade with his daring swift maneuvers, he bypassed the enemy, cut off his escape routes, and smashed the rear.
Tov. Gorelov singled out small groups, leading them, occupied city after city. In total, during the fighting he liberated more than 63 settlements, including large settlements: Grobovets, Koruvka, Soretsko, Trembovlya, Yablunov, Kopychantsy, Chertkov, Yanelnitsa, Tluste, Miasto, Ustsechko, Gorodenzha, Chernyatin, Kolomyia, Tovmachik, Lanchik, Nadvurna.
The brigade destroyed: tanks - 36, wagons with goods - 865, vehicles - 346, guns of various calibers - 52, armored personnel carriers - 2, transporters - 4, motorcycles - 59, generals - 1, 1623 - soldiers and officers.
During this period, captured: serviceable tanks - 2, cars of different brands - 1815, warehouses with fuel and lubricants - 2, with grain - 3, with food - 5, machine guns - 47, steam locomotives - 45, echelons - 14, colonel - 1, border guards - 13, soldiers and officers - 1186.
For the courage and heroism shown, the ability to lead units in battle and personal military exploits in battle and when crossing the Dniester River. Gorelov is worthy of the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Birthday March 22, 1880
Gorelov
Biography
He graduated from the Penza Art College (1903), studied with K. A. Savitsky, then at the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts (1911), where he was a student of Ilya Repin and Franz Roubaud. After graduating from the Academy, he was awarded a trip to Italy, where he worked on the painting "Orgy in the apartments of Alexander VI Borgia" (completed in 1956). Returning to Russia, he was a member of the Association of Traveling Art Exhibitions (1912-1916), briefly taught at the Kharkov art school.
In 1925-1926. was a member of the Association of Artists of Revolutionary Russia (AHRR), wrote multi-figure compositions for revolutionary and especially historical themes, including Pugachev's Trial of the Landowner (1925), Pugachev's Execution (1925), Bolotnikov's Uprising (1944), Minin's First Appeal to the People (1945), Dogs Knights (1947) and others .In 1937-1938. taught at the Moscow Regional Art Pedagogical School in memory of 1905 (MGAKhU in memory of 1905). AT post-war years Gorelov's work took on an even more ideological character - from a series of portraits of the steelworkers of the Hammer and Sickle plant to the infamous painting "Stalin and the Three Bogatyrs" (depicting Joseph Stalin in full growth against the background of the famous painting "Three Bogatyrs").
Children - Rostislav Gorelov, Galina Gorelova (Azgur) (wife of the sculptor Zair Azgur), Yuri Gorelov.
Autobiography of G. N. Gorelov (from 1880 to 1949)
Criticism of different years and reviews
Khrushchev thaw
During the Khrushchev thaw, some of Gorelov's works began to be subjected to ideological criticism, so Soviet art historians believed that his historical paintings, written during the Great Patriotic War, belittle the importance of broad populace, for example, in volume XIII (additional) of the History of Russian Art (Nauka Publishing House, 1964), the following was said:
1990s and 2000s
In the 90s of the XX century, among liberal publicists and journalists, it was widely believed that the artist Gavriil Gorelov was a Soviet “court artist”, for example, the writer Vladlen Sirotkin wrote in his book:
Weekend magazine presented Gavriil Gorelov as a "terry socialist realist" and a "wanderer of the old school." In the mid-1990s, the Kommersant newspaper noted such a strange feature of Gorelov's works as the combination of a work of art with historical value, defining his paintings as rare, however, in the article "Christmas Discounts on Stalinism", the same newspaper, using the example of Gorelov's works, noted more than moderate interest of the Russian public in the 2000s in Soviet painting, at one time the publication called the painting “Stalin and the Three Bogatyrs” Soviet officialdom and “Kunstshtuk of the 50s”, and the supplement to the Kommersant newspaper saw Gavriil Gorelov as a specialist in writing funerals , at the same time Nezavisimaya Gazeta defined Gavriil Gorelov as a "very good artist" and, on the contrary, called academic socialist realism popular in Russia, citing Gavriil Gorelov's "decent-sized canvas" as an example. Novaya Gazeta noted that Gorelov painted portraits of production leaders and received the Stalin Prize for this, the Izvestia newspaper, in an article about the Big Picture exhibition opened at the Russian Museum in 2004, drew attention to "several magnificent paintings by Gavriil Gorelov." In 2010, the Vedomosti newspaper characterized Gorelov as a "first-rate socialist realist."
2010s
Billionaire Alexei Ananiev purchased several works by the artist for the museum of the Institute of Russian Realistic Art (IRRI).
- Vladimir Gilyarovsky in his book described Gorelov's painting "Stepan Razin on the Volga" as follows:
- 07.06.2019 Today sold 45% of the lots. Part will travel around Moscow, and the other will go to Yekaterinburg and St. Petersburg
- 06.06.2019 Sold 67% of lots for 53% of the total estimate. The top lots were the first edition of " Bakhchisaray fountain» Pushkin, lifetime edition of Gogol's Arabesques, Ronald Reagan's autograph, etc.
- 06.06.2019 On June 13, 2019, a specialized auction of antique paper, secondhand books and phyllocartia of the auction house "Russian enamel" will be held
- 04.06.2019 Strong result for an auction among working week. Up to 75 people participated online
- 03.06.2019 The traditional twenty AI Auction lots are ten paintings, five sheets of original and two printed graphics, two works in mixed media and one work made in the technique of photo printing
- 13.05.2019 Many believe that such a high concentration of very wealthy people inevitably creates adequate demand in the domestic art market. Alas, the scale of purchases of paintings in Russia is by no means directly proportional to the sum of personal fortunes
- 29.03.2019 The students of Stroganovka who met in the morgue were destined to become the inventors of Sots Art, the instigators of the "bulldozer exhibition", dealers in American souls and the most recognizable representatives of independent Soviet art in the world.
- 12.03.2019 Such a conclusion is contained in a study published in March 2019 by the US Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) and the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA)
- 12.03.2019 A reckless postmodern exhibition has opened in the Garage, which, according to reviews, is bold up to the risk of another intervention by the “outraged public”. The former inspector of the "Medical Hermeneutics" and the literary father of the party organizer Dunaev again set the heat
- 07.03.2019 Deciding to "protect the rights" of artists and their heirs, the state imposed another quasi-tax on the art market - 5% on the right to follow. And instead useful work walks have begun...
- 11.06.2019 In the Gallery of European and American Art of the XIX-XX centuries. From June 19 you will be able to see selected works by A. Giacometti, I. Klein, Basquiat, E. Warhol, G. Richter, Z. Polke, M. Cattelan, A. Gursky and others from the collection of Fondation Louis Vuitton, Paris
- 11.06.2019 The central work of the exhibition will be a multi-layered spatial picture, which you can enter and feel the painting from the inside. The artist offers to meet with her own fantasies, get into the Looking Glass, immerse herself in the universe of personal experiences
Viktor Stepanovich Grebennikov(04/23/1927 - 04/10/2001) - biologist-entomologist, honored ecologist of Russia, writer, artist, inventor.
During his lifetime, Grebennikov did not receive wide recognition either in science or in art. This was due to Soviet dogmatism and its lack of higher education. An unconventional view of the world was given to Viktor Stepanovich by his father, a brilliant self-taught engineer. He also forbade his son to attend university, arguing that official science discourages the ability to think. The young man was replaced by the richest library of his grandfather, a hereditary nobleman of Tersky, from his father a talent for the exact sciences was transferred.
I’ll make a reservation right away that Krasnoobsk became the final destination of Grebennikov’s wanderings: in 1976, the first chairman of the VASKhNIL SO Irakli Sinyagin invited him to engage in agricultural science. The first agroecologist in the Soviet Union lived here until his death in 2001. And Viktor Grebennikov was born and raised in Simferopol. From the beginning of the war, he settled with his parents in the town of Isilkul, Omsk Region. From here, as a twenty-year-old boy, he ended up in the Gulag under Article 58. For the fact that in the hungry post-war 1947, he forged bread cards. They were sent to a copper mine in Karabash, where in a couple of months healthy people turned into "goal". The fine arts saved Viktor Stepanovich from certain death: they took the artist to draw "visual agitation" in the cultural and educational part. After serving six years, Grebennikov was amnestied with a complete removal of his criminal record in June 1953. But even in old age, at night he was tormented by nightmares “with naturalistically clear details: as if times had changed, they took me to serve out my 14“ Stalinist ”years, and I was again in the camp, in a stage or in transit. And all this is alive, super-real, with such a terrible hopeless longing for children, a grandson, unfinished business, unfinished books, with sorrow for all the unfortunate, again driven by new despots behind barbed wire ”(from V. Grebennikov’s article“ My Universities ”).
In a camp in the Urals, Viktor Grebennikov met his wife Tamara, and together with her he returned to Isilkul, took root. Twelve years of life in Isilkul can be called happiness, he did what he loved - he worked as the director of a children's art school. But due to the lack of a diploma, I had to leave the school. new job offered at the Institute of Agriculture and Chemicalization of Agriculture SO VASKhNIL.
As an employee of the institute, Grebennikov studied the impact of pesticides on flora and fauna - a topic that is directly opposite to his vocation - entomology and agroecology. He worked diligently, but did not receive scientific regalia. As if apologizing for the work of chemical plants, Viktor Stepanovich devoted all his free time to nature and its little guardians - insects. According to him, it is the microworld that is the main bearer of the secrets of the universe, a link that is capable of restoring the Earth.
Grebennikov founded micro-reserves and sanctuaries of entomofauna. At home, he had a real entomological zoo: there was a bumblebee nursery, an anthill, tarantula and karakurt lived in jars, caterpillar pupae were laid in secluded places, from which butterflies then hatched and released into the field. Soviet television was actively interested in all this diversity. Several times the program "In the world of animals" came to visit Grebennikov. The famous journalist Vasily Peskov once drove to Krasnoobsk by this route to look at man-made nests of bumblebees. And for agricultural science, the breeding of bumblebees, leaf-cutting bees mattered: the yield in such fields increased significantly. And without any chemicals! Grebennikov's observations did not find application in his native Fatherland, although work in this direction receives funding in America and Canada.
Exploring the life of insects, Viktor Grebennikov made a series important discoveries. One of them is the discovery of the effect of cavity structures - honeycombs. Working with bees, Grebennikov noticed that if you bring your hand to the nest of these insects, strange sensations arise: warmth, tingling, acid in the mouth, like from a battery, slight nausea, dizziness. From honeycombs comes radiation that affects living objects, which cannot be detected by instruments. In the image of bee nests, Viktor Stepanovich made several dozen artificial honeycombs made of plastic, paper, metal, wood, and it turned out that the reason for all these unusual sensations was not a “biofield”, but the size, shape, number, and relative positions of cavities formed by any solid bodies. His experiments showed that the development of soil bacteria, yeast and other fungi is noticeably inhibited in the zone of action of cavity structures (CSE), and the germination of wheat grains is slowed down. EPS, like gravity, acts on living things through walls, thick metal, and other obstacles. The most colorful examples were given by nature itself. Wild bees nest in the ground. But the roots of plants - and they, as we know, are capable of breaking a building - never get close to the nesting cells. Before reaching a few centimeters to the cells, the roots stop growing or are taken to the side, feeling the proximity of bee nests.
Similar radiation was described by the physicist Louis de Broglie back in the 1920s, for which he received Nobel Prize. Viktor Grebennikov discovered its action in cavity structures and created devices based on EPS. One of them - a honeycomb painkiller - is a chair under a case that contains several frames with empty, but full-sized honey bee combs. You sit on such a chair, and after a few minutes the pain goes away.
Researcher Grebennikov was an inveterate materialist. With his inventions, he refuted UFOs and the presence of paranormal abilities in people. “Hands with their tubular bones of the phalanges, joints, ligaments, tendons, vessels, nails are intense EPS emitters that can easily push away a straw or carbon indicator for a couple of meters,” Viktor Grebennikov writes in the book “My World”. - It happens to literally everyone. Therefore, I am firmly convinced that there are no “psychics”, or rather, all people are psychics.
AT Novosibirsk region Viktor Grebennikov lived for a quarter of a century. But not only in Novosibirsk, but also in Krasnoobsk, few people know about this wonderful person and his achievements. During his lifetime, he was too direct, often came into conflict with his superiors, opposed the plowing of pegs, although he worked for Agriculture. A museum of agroecology and protection has been preserved at the Institute of Chemicalization environment, created in 1976 by Viktor Stepanovich himself. The inventions of the brilliant researcher are collected here, his macro-portraits of insects (he painted living insects from nature, looking through binoculars), non-traditional ways of depicting plants in plaster are presented. It is today that there are a lot of computer programs that allow you to see even a tiny image in volume. 25 years ago, Grebennikov's stereoblocks - stacks of glass, each of which bears elements of the object - evoked exclamations of surprise from museum visitors. The image of a willow flower or a wasp larva was enlarged 200 times and looked voluminous. Another fantastically beautiful element of the museum is the spherorama of the Kulunda steppe. To create it, the author needed to take about 2000 photographs, which became the prototype for the paintings. Imagine that you are standing in the middle of a very small room, and the steppe is green around, flowers are fragrant, a birch has spread its branches, eagles soar high in the sky, and butterflies fly at your feet. The walls of this room are painted with paintings in such a way that there is a complete effect of presence.
AT last years Grebennikov's life, the museum was ruined, left to the mercy of fate. If not for his keeper Rimma Fisechko, he could have completely sunk into oblivion. Mindful of the past massacre of the exhibits, Rimma Nikolaevna is very cautious about museum visitors. The "folk trail" to the museum is overgrown. After himself in Krasnoobsk, Grebennikov left five monuments of nature local importance- they are all destroyed.
In the last ten years of his life, Viktor Stepanovich returned to work with children. First, he founded a school of early environmental and aesthetic education in Krasnoobsk, then a children's art school. Despite his merits in the fine arts, he was never admitted to the Union of Artists. The image of the "small fry" was considered contrary to Soviet art. The children adored Grebennikov, hung on his every word; his parents were fascinated by him and recognized in him the gift of the Teacher. But with the opening of the children's school, everything was difficult. Until 1991, there was a limit on the opening of art schools, a permissive order of all-Union significance was required. Young ecologists-artists had to huddle in a room that looked more like a pantry, there was nowhere to sit down. Even the school was forced out of this building, giving it to a warehouse of toilet bowls. But changes in the history of the state put everything in its place. The art school became known as the art school and moved to a new comfortable building.
Viktor Grebennikov deserves the respect and reverence of fellow countrymen from Krasnoobsk. But neither in the village, nor in Novosibirsk, neither a monument nor a memorial plaque was created in honor of him. The person of this researcher is of interest throughout Russia and even the world. A couple of years ago, for example, English artist Nick Lessing came to shoot a film about Grebennikov. But in Russia, the official authorities are silent about the outstanding achievements of Viktor Grebennikov, which have not yet received wide recognition. Let's hope they keep quiet for now.
Bibliography: In the Land of Insects (1979), A Million Riddles (1980), My Wonderful World (1983), Secrets of the Insect World (1990), Letters to a Grandson (1992/3), My World "(1997) and others.
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Painter, graphic artist, member of the Union of Artists of Russia since 1998.
In 1974, the future artist graduated from Sazonovskaya high school in the village of Sazonovo, Chagodoshchensky district. In 1977 he graduated from Sasovskoe named after. Hero of the Soviet Union Taran G. A. flight school civil aviation. For three years he worked in the Vologda aviation squadron as an AN-2 aircraft pilot.
In 1984, Viktor Fedorovich graduated from the Kostroma State pedagogical institute named after N. A. Nekrasov, art and graphic faculty.
Participated in city and regional ("Russian North" in Kirov and Veliky Novgorod) art exhibitions. Lives and works in Vologda.
Viktor Fedorovich began to draw as a child. “For as long as I can remember, I was always drawing something, then at school I edited a wall newspaper,” the artist recalls. He did not part with paints even at the flight school. But he finally decided to devote his life to painting only when he saw Vologda from the air, when he flew over it.
Podgorny does not stop at any one technique; his works are often completely different from each other. And it's not just the manner of performance: the color scheme also varies - somewhere it is incredibly bright, somewhere completely black and white.
Some of the pictures he paints with his individual style, the definition of which even art critics cannot give. The style is characterized by bright rather large strokes that create the shape of the depicted object.
The artist prefers to work in series. Although sometimes he writes individual paintings while traveling.
The most famous of his series is Our Past. The view of the artist. It represents images of the churches of the Vologda region, which have not survived to our time. Consists of 400 paintings written over 7 years. The work is done in monochrome technique.