pictured Anna Nikolaevna Korolkova
Anna Nikolaevna Korolkova (1892-1984) - Russian writer-storyteller, a native of the village of Staraya Toida, Anninsky district, a member of the Writers' Union of the USSR (1957). Her fairy tales were published both in the USSR and abroad.
Her life is like a Russian folk song, truthful and lyrical, kind and daring, sad and sad. Or maybe it can be compared with those fairy tales that she, a little inquisitive girl - a laborer, listened with love and greed, memorized, and then told the whole world.
overheard in Pribityuzhye:
As part of the implementation of the regional component of the national project, the Ikorets River will be cleaned
The life of Anna Nikolaevna Korolkova, nee Glazkova, is long, rich, multifaceted ... It was filled with hardships and troubles, joy and victories, inspiration and undivided love, recognition of ordinary people and at the state level. Having finished one class of the parochial school, unable to write, she became a member of the Writers' Union. Her fairy tales were published not only in our country, but also in Japan, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Bulgaria. Magic, and more!
overheard in Pribityuzhye:
In Anninsky district, construction of a new building of the local central district hospital may begin in 2020
What are the ingredients for such success? Where are the roots of this miracle? “Love for Russian folk song, for fairy tales and sayings with me - with early years- recalled Anna Nikolaevna herself. “This is from grandfather Ustin Sergeevich and from my mother.” Listening, and soon retelling what she heard from her grandfather and beekeeper Stepan Ivanovich, she early experienced an unusual shock: it turns out that vernacular can amaze with accuracy and depth of content, besides, if you speak in a singsong voice, you can simply fascinate listeners. Possessing a brilliant memory, an extraordinary instinct and knowledge of human nature, from an ordinary nanny and a courtyard girl, she turned into an inimitable and original collector of placers. folk art: proverbs and sayings, parables and epics, ditties and jokes, fairy tales and legends.
The storyteller's works delight and fascinate not only with their boundless creative imagination and wisdom, they amaze and penetrate the soul, as they are realistic and close to ordinary people. But in order to feel all the beauty of a folk tale, one must not only read it, but hear it from the mouth of the storyteller. Talented storytellers are extremely rare, they are like nuggets. Among them is our fellow countrywoman - the Old Toiden storyteller, a master of the colloquial genre Anna Korolkova. Researchers of her work, who knew her personally, noted the extraordinary sincerity and melodiousness of the storyteller's voice. “Her voice was young, a crystal clear stream poured through the hall, warming the hearts of those present,” recalled our compatriot writer Semyon Borzunov about the meeting.
A wonderful storyteller, a great worker, was also distinguished by outstanding organizational skills. The village girl, who left for the city with the desire to save her family from starvation, does not focus on personal problems, but, trying to be useful, organizes an amateur choir of girls - countrywomen. At first, they perform on the factory stage, and with the start of the Finnish War, they go to hospitals. Anna herself writes texts for him and composes melodies, rehearses, finds scenes for performances. On the basis of this choir, which quickly gained popularity by performing not only songs, but also topical lively ditties and jokes, in Anna in 1943 a Russian folk choir was created under the direction of K.I. art.
During the war years, she composes many proverbs, ditties, epics and legends for children and youth, women and soldiers, raising their morale. Deeply patriotic are the allegorical tales “The treasured sword and the magic ring”, “The wise mother”, “The cannibal wolf”, which are necessary and in demand by the common people. Throughout her life, Anna Nikolaevna promoted folk poetry. She was a welcome guest in any audience. She manages to connect traditional fairy tale plots with certain geographical places, people, events, and draw a moralizing conclusion that is necessary for specific listeners. AT kindergarten she tells entertaining and sly tales about animals that teach children to distinguish between good and evil, decency and cunning. With schoolchildren, she recalls episodes of her childhood, tells magical and satirical tales, makes riddles, and introduces folk signs. In the student environment, Korolkova vividly and vividly tells about the life of a pre-revolutionary village, about peasant holidays, rituals, and folk poetry. With her innate pedagogical instinct, the storyteller sensitively captures the mood of the audience, gradually captivates the audience, without deliberate edification, relying on the historical and poetic experience of the people, instills in them a sense of beauty, pride in their people, love for their native land.
The bright, creative, rich activity of Anna Nikolaevna Korolkova was rightfully awarded with State awards. In 1946, there was the most expensive medal for her - "For valiant work in the Great Patriotic War of 1941 - 1945." In the same year, Anna Nikolaevna, who gave birth to seven and raised six children, was awarded the "Medal of Motherhood" 1st degree. In 1972, the 80-year-old indomitable worker Anna Nikolaevna Korolkova was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor. Korolkova's name is listed in the Bolshoi Soviet Encyclopedia. Grateful Old Toidens name the main street in their village after their countrywoman. In Voronezh, a memorial plaque was installed on the house in which Anna Nikolaevna lived for many years.
During her lifetime and after her death, the books of Anna Nikolaevna, published repeatedly, were read, as they say, to holes. Several generations of children considered their favorite collections "Geese - Swans", "Finist - a clear falcon", "Pea", "Wonder", "Golden Jug", "Russian Folk Tales". Deep old age was happy. Daughters Tamara and Seraphim, with whom she lived out her long and eventful life, sacredly observed the Christian commandment: “Honor your parents!” Until the very last days, fairy tales were recorded and wise thoughts not just her old mother, but witnesses of the steep milestones and events of our rearing era. After all, she survived the last tsar, three famines (1920-1921, 1932-1933, 1946), three wars, two revolutions. Anna Nikolaevna died on January 4, 1984, on the eve of perestroika, at almost 92 years of age. On the 115th anniversary of her birth, the bright image of a sorceress, sorceress, storyteller does not seem to have gone into the earthly firmament, but the White Swan, whose gentle sonorous voice resounds to this day. Her original and life-affirming work, filled with the imagination and wisdom of the people, is in demand even today!
Korolkova Anna Nikolaevna - about herself
My life is long, eighty years, and where to start - I'll never know. I’ll conceive like that old woman: she took a piece of bread from the police, she looks - it’s burnt on this side, fried on the other. So I thought: how to start it? And the old man says: “From the upper end, which is bitter, and the good one at the end, so it will be worse, they say.” Well, she did.
I have heard this story for a long time. When I was a child, they, these fairy tales, were only told. After all, people then lived very poorly: no reading room, no library, no cinema. There were no rumors about this. They told fairy tales to children so that they would not indulge. In the evening, who knits stockings, who winds skeins, who puts patches, well, and for us - fairy tales. The grandmother will put us on the stove and let's talk. They were different: children's and adults, and comic, and epics about different heroes. I had a great memory, I remembered everything. And I was born on February 15, 1892 in the Voronezh province, Bobrovsky district now, the village of Staraya Toida, in the family of a poor peasant. My grandfather Ustin Sergeyevich was left an orphan without a father. He was not equal to eight - his mother gave him blind elders to drive. He led them until the age of fourteen, the elders sang poetry, and the people served. This is what they fed. After that, he hired himself as a worker in his own village, and so he lived to be nineteen years old. They married him, they took my grandmother for him, she has neither father nor mother. Then take a settlement and burn down, and they burned down. This is where we started to live. They put a hut in the forest, and they lived there. How they made a cow, a horse, a piglet, they began to marry my father. They wooed one, but she did not go: dishonestly it seemed to her that her grandfather begged with these elders. That's when the bride refused, they went to another village to woo. The bride came out, sat on the back bench. Grandfather asks: - Mikol, how is the bride? And dad: - Well, if they don’t give this one up, I’ll go to the service, to the soldiers. But nothing, they worked it out, they prayed to God, they took it from another village. From this they began to live. And I was born in poverty. Eight years were equal - they sent me to a nanny, not far, to our own peasant, to an old old man. He has two daughters-in-law, one has three, the other has two, well, the smallest ones. The women among themselves often swore because of me. This one says: “You, he says, are more sorry for my child!” And she: “No, mine!” Just like that, once I wash the floor at the courthouse, scrape it there near the pelvis, - this same Stepan Ivanovich, an old old man (he said that he lives a century) comes in. Well, here it comes and at me: - What a girl, everything washes and scrapes! The hut is not red with its corners, it is red with pies, but the gathering is with its heads, .. And why are you rustling? - It's for a woman. Elder daughter-in-law: - But how, father, do not make noise? She, Anyutka, does not feel sorry for my little boy. And the other one is the same. - And-them, catechumens! - hit with a stick. - You would have quarreled at least once, who regrets a hefty nanny, because she is also a child, she is eight years old! I then became sad, I cried. And he: - Don't cry, - he says, - Anka, come to the bee house, I'll tell a fairy tale. Maybe about a flying carpet, or about a witch... Well, I began to walk. Let's run to him with the kids to the bee house, and he tells us. I remember a lot from him. After that she lived among people, went to work by day. Day labor is like this: as the sun rises and until it sets. We went to peas and sunflowers. Peas were then sown with their hands, they harrowed them, but they didn’t burrow too much, so we stuck them with chopsticks. Sunflowers were planted and then weeded. And then - mowing, and then - harvesting rye. That's it. It used to be that we worked on the mowing and there at the merchant's, - like rain, we are in a hut. There are many of us there, Tishan-sky girls, Sadovo girls there, Brodov ones ... - Anyutka, why would you tell! So I went to tell stories. Well, I was loved - and the girls, and the guys, and the old people. And although it seemed to be wrong (I still hurt my leg as a child), no one teased me, no one offended me. Always: “Annie, come to us! Annie, with us! And then they married me. Dad didn't want to give it away, but my mother says: - People are good. They had a family of thirty-three people. As they split up, they left the father-in-law with the mother-in-law, the husband and I. My husband was a hardworking, handyman. Here it happened at the mowing: everyone was sitting, smoking, and he beat off the scythe. He says: beat me back, this one - to me. I told him: - Yes, what are you hitting? And he: - Nothing, I'll do it like a cow licks a braid with her tongue, let him remember ... And he beats everything, sharpens everything, like that. My father loved him for it. They gave me in marriage in the thirteenth, and in the fourteenth - the war. They took my husband. He first served in Voronezh, then in Bakhmuch, the city. And I'm alone at home. Father-in-law with mother-in-law, maybe eighty years old. Well, we have a horse, a cow, but still - a need. For the soldiers then they gave an allowance, seven rubles, or something. Oh, it was hard! Roar - the big sizes a large wire sieve. Well. My husband came due to illness - they recognized him for bronchitis, he served. Here we came to a new estate. He has an iron shovel in his hands, I have pumpkin seeds. They planted seeds where the yard will be. And they sowed the threshing floor - a measure of buckwheat. The men's brothers were all handicraftsmen: Mikitka was a carpenter, Vanka was a Swiss, Yashka was a Swiss. And mine and Mitka - sowers, sowed with a roar. Sunflowers were sown, oats, buckwheat. And I didn’t lag behind them in work, only I knitted rye badly from the wrong leg: what to take, what to cross - awkward. And I cried so much - After all, they will laugh. And mk says: - Do not cry, I took you not to carry, but to decorate the house. I will help you, any couple become - we will be ahead! He was already quite adroit at work and not lazy, he did everything to the point. When we burned down, we sold the cow. We went to take the forest for Chiglu. He is a thin treetail, he will pile on me, and he will lift the heavy one, already, the blood is pouring into my face. And then let's saw the boards: he will beat off the thread with chalk, I - from below, and he - from above, they sawed it themselves. And they laid the floor, and I washed it with a broom, then with a brick. That's the kind of life it was. When the revolution came, I already had children - Mitrosha was and Marusya. So we rejoiced: no masters, no merchants, no landowners, the lord's land was divided - the owners themselves. And we planted a garden, it is still intact. Recently, a man alone at a meeting in the Writers' Union came up, saw each other, and said: - Here, Anna Nikolaevna, I visited your homeland, I saw your hut. Everyone says hello to you. Well, okay So they began to build collective farms, and we went to the collective farm. We handed over a horse-filly there, handed over a new burrow, we ourselves traveled for a year - the wheels are still completely new, the bushings. And this filly brought seven foals on the collective farm, And when we went to Voronezh, I already had six kids. Then the crop failure happened, in the thirty-third year. Everyone knows this - well, the bread was not born. My husband got a job at the Kirov factory. He repaired the wheels, and I seem to be a housewife. We lived in a barracks. I did social work - in kindergarten, in the nursery, I told fairy tales, otherwise I glued paper bags for gifts. And I was rewarded for public work. Then here in Voronezh, some of our Toyden girls lived, well, my daughters grew up. So let's get together, we play songs. And I took and organized the choir. At first I thought - they will laugh at us, as we play old songs, drawn out, dancing, all sorts. We performed at the factory. How did it start Finnish war - so in hospitals. They called for the first time, and there they were wounded, frostbitten, all with crutches. My women: “We won’t perform, because what is it! They will say: “Damn you, old fools, you need to cry, but they play songs!” The colonel called me, I don't remember how, he said: - Since you are invited, it means that you are needed here. People are sad, wounds do not heal, and you play a song, tell a fairy tale - they will be distracted from their sadness. Bad, right? We began to sing to the wounded, they listened to us, thanked us. And then they began to call to schools, kindergartens. I often performed there, told fairy tales to children. As it used to be, our grandmother is on the stove, so am I. They greeted me with joy, as I show myself: - Grandmother has come! Grandma has arrived! And I told them different things - about Ilya Muromets, about the goat-dragonfly, about the magic mirror. I know them a lot. Then she herself began to compose something: about Papanin on an ice floe, about Lake Khasan. They called me to Moscow, to Yaroslavl. We sang old songs there. Then some of my fairy tales were recorded, a little book was released, fairy tales for children. That's how it went, there were a lot of things. In the forty-first, when the war began, - in hospitals, everything with a choir with his own. Our plant, SK-2, had hospitals, they were at the first station. They called me to the factory committee, they said: - Anna Nikolaevna, gather all the women, all of them - to the hospital. We cleaned there and washed the floors and wiped the beds with kerosene, we prepared everything for two weeks. And then in all hospitals in Voronezh the wounded were served. They played songs, I told the wounded tales. Then the Nazis began to bomb Voronezh. We do not look at it, we work. And suddenly - evacuation. We evacuated late, in the forty-second, on the fourth of July we left. There was a fire in the city. I was evacuated to Old Toida, to my father-mother. The son is at the front, he was a technician of armored units. There he died. Here we are in Toida. And we have large forests there, the Bityug River, our beautiful places, look for such. Here, in my village, I organized an amateur choir. We began to serve the troops. It was also not an easy thing to assemble a choir. I go up to one woman, I know, she has such a singing voice, I say: - Agrafena Tikhonovna, here's the thing: how would we make a choir ... She answers: - What a choir! I have Vaska in the war, son. What a choir is here ... I told her: - Yes, I have Mitrosha at the front, so we will try for them. Twenty-three women gathered, we began to give concerts in the evenings in military units. In the afternoon, after all, rye was harvested, and in the evening - in military units. There, two cars are shifted back to back, and there we have songs, and dances, and an accordion. They, the soldiers, went to war, received us well. Colonel Tetushkin was there, he is still alive and well, in Moscow, general. He came up to me, shook my hand, kissed me. “Thank you,” he says, “for your songs!” And how they drove Hitler away, we arrived here in Voronezh - everything was broken, everything burned down, only walls. We began to live where the Palace of Pioneers used to be, in the yard, in the barn. And from here they went to the front when he stood close. Even there, at the front, I told fairy tales to the soldiers, they were glad. Somehow, once in the morning, I hear early - what is it, noise in the yard, screaming. - Victory! Victory! - they make noise. It was the ninth of May, the very Victory Day. Well, here everyone was hugging, everyone was kissing, crying. But what a joy it was! Since then I have been here, in Voronezh, and still work. And like summer - in our native forests, in Toida, in Belozerka - so, tell me, it pulls ... What does it mean - dear homeland! My old girlfriends did not forget me there. There is no dearer place in the world! Here's how.
1892 - 1984
Korolkova Anna Nikolaevna(3 (15) 02.1892-2.01.1984), writer and storyteller, member of the Union of Writers of the USSR (1957).The famous storyteller and songwriter was born in the village of Staraya Toida, Bobrovsky district, Voronezh province (now Anninsky district, Voronezh region) in a poor peasant family.
Anna inherited her creative gift. Old Toida has long been famous for its songs and fairy tales. They also loved to sing and tell in the Glazkov family. Her grandmother Maria Potapievna was famous as a storyteller and songwriter, not a single wedding in the village could do without her, and grandfather Ustin Sergeevich Glazkov knew many songs, riddles and jokes.
As a child, he was the guide of a blind singer, thanks to whom he learned many folk and spiritual songs. As a child, Anna was a nanny, a laborer, and a servant. Sometimes in the evenings she and her friends visited the old beekeeper - grandfather Stepan, who knew many fairy tales and willingly told them, and she was surprised and memorized. Anna Nikolaevna remembered many fairy tales by heart, not counting the tales and legends.
In 1913, she was married into a large family, Efim Ferapontovich Korolkov, where she became the tenth daughter-in-law. They lived hard and poor, it was especially hard during the famine of 1920-1921.
From 1931 she worked on a collective farm. In 1933, the family of Anna Nikolaevna left for Voronezh, where her husband worked at the SK-2 plant (later named after Kirov) as a vulcanizer, and she raised six children. A. N. Korolkova often visited the factory club, where she organized a women's choir with her daughters and countrywomen, which quickly became famous in the city. On March 8, 1938, the first real concert of the choir took place in the club. In the summer of 1938, the choir was sent on tour for the first time to Yaroslavl, to the All-Union Olympiad of amateur art groups of chemical industry enterprises, from where they returned as winners. Women also spoke before the first persons of the state in the Hall of Columns.
Since 1937, A. N. Korolkova began to compose her own fairy tales. In 1940, the tales of A. N. Korolkova were published in the collection “Songs and Tales of the Voronezh Region”. Her fairy tales and legends were published: in the newspapers "Commune" and "Literary Russia", in the almanac "Literary Voronezh", in the magazines "Kolobok", "Rise", "Worker", in various folklore collections and were broadcast on the radio.
In 1941, the first collection of fairy tales by Anna Korolkova was published in Voronezh (the folklorist V. A. Tonkov recorded the fairy tales, he also wrote the introductory article and prepared comments).
When Voronezh began to be bombed frequently, Korolkova with her daughters and grandchildren were evacuated in July 1942 to Staraya Toida. In her native village, A. Korolkova organized a new choir, with which she traveled to the frontline area with concerts in military units. She prepared almost the entire repertoire of the choir herself, was his artistic director and soloist. This group of singers from Staraya Toida at the end of 1942 joined the Voronezh Russian Folk Choir under the direction of K. I. Massalitinov. The first concert of the choir was given at the Anninsky House of Culture on April 20, 1943.
On June 27, 1943, the Commune newspaper wrote about one of the trips to the Guards unit: “Before the start of the concert, the artists conveyed greetings to the crowded hall from the workers of the liberated Voronezh. The applause did not stop for a long time. After the performance of the song “About Voronezh”, the hall becomes more animated. The narrator of the choir A. N. Korolkova reads his tale about Russian tankers. Hall does not start the next song. Everyone gets up, Lieutenant General Russiyanov goes on stage, hugs and tightly, like mother kisses Anna Nikolaevna ... ". Both the performers and the audience left the concert joyful and happy.
After the war, together with the Voronezh Folk Choir, the already well-known Voronezh storyteller began to be called to schools and kindergartens, to perform in libraries, clubs, and enterprises. Not a single program of the choir could do without fervent, sonorous ditties, choruses, clumsy ones, often composed by Anna Nikolaevna on the topic of the day. For a long time she was a consultant to the youth ensemble "Lada", performed on radio and television.
Anna Korolkova starred in a cameo role in the film by Vera Stroeva "The Big Concert" (1951), in which the artists of the Voronezh State Folk Choir also starred.
In 1956, 72 Korolkova's tales were recorded. In 1957, Anna Nikolaevna Korolkova was accepted into the Writers' Union of the USSR. Her work has been recognized by numerous state awards: Order of the "Red Banner of Labor", medals "For Labor Valor during the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945”, “Maternal Glory”, “For Valiant Labor. In commemoration of the centenary of the birth of V. I. Lenin.
Folklorists, philologists and musicologists recorded from her a lot of wedding, love, family and other non-ritual lyrical songs, ditties, proverbs, sayings and riddles.
Korolkova's repertoire included fairy tales of all genre varieties: heroic, magical, everyday, adventurous, fairy tales about animals. The best of them: "Ilya Muromets", "Dobrynya Nikitich", "Flying Carpet", "Sivka-Burka", "Finist - Yasny Sokol", "Sister Alyonushka", "A Boy with a Finger", "Suma, Give Your Mind" , "Vorozhei", etc. There are rare tales: "Bova-Korolevich", "Tsar Solomon", "A woman is worse than the devil" and a unique fairy tale "Prince Peter's faithful wife", dating back to the Old Russian "The Tale of Peter and Fevronia". With the greatest skill for children, she read the fairy tales "Gingerbread Man", "The Goat and the Four Kids". "Cat, rooster and fox", etc.
In 1972, 138 fairy tales by A. Korolkova were recorded on tape.
A fairy tale for A. N. Korolkova was a great opportunity to express her attitude to reality, to her contemporaries and to the historical roots of the people. She often wrote events into her fairy tales real life: local geographical names(Voronezh, Toida, Bityug), the names of former local landowners and merchants, the names of their fellow villagers. Folklorist E. V. Pomerantseva wrote: “The local color created by this makes the fairy tale more alive, enhances its comic effects. Gives more concreteness to her satire. Sometimes A. N. Korolkova introduces into his fairy tales so many everyday elements, so densely saturates them with socially sharp details, that they seem to lose their genre specificity and are perceived as an everyday story, as a satirical narrative. Traditional fairy-tale rituals, folk poignant humor and interestingly noticed details distinguish the fairy tales of Anna Korolkova.
Fairy tales, proverbs, sayings told by A. N. Korolkova regularly appeared in the press - in special collections, magazines, and in separate editions. In some collections of fairy tales, the autobiography of the storyteller “A. N. Korolkova - about herself ".
In 1969, the Moscow folklorist E. V. Pomerantseva prepared and published a collection of her fairy tales in the publishing house of the USSR Academy of Sciences, which preserved in its entirety all the characteristic features of the storyteller's language. All other collections were edited by Voronezh writers: V. Tonkov, M. Sergeenko, A. Shubin, G. Volovik. Korolkova's tales were also published abroad.
In the 21st century in Voronezh, illustrated fairy tales by Anna Nikolaevna were published: "The Golden Ring of Cuckoo's Tears" (Southern Eastern Railway, 2001); Flying Carpet (Central Chernozem Publishing House, 2003); "Golden Chest" (Center for the Spiritual Revival of the Chernozem Territory, 2012).
Editions of fairy tales by A. N. Korolkova were illustrated by Voronezh artists V. A. Korablinov, E. Ya. Poshivalov, V. A. Presnyakov, N. I. Litvinenko, A. V. Anikeev.
Anna Nikolaevna took part in the work of the Voronezh Writers' Organization, and as E. G. Novichikhin wrote: “... with the leaders of the organization Konstantin Lokotkov, Evgeny Lyufanov, Vladimir Gordeychev, Sergey Guskov, Eduard Pashnev, and with the editors-in-chief of Podyom Fyodor Volokhov, Viktor Popov, she maintained an even, friendly relationship. Gavriil Nikolaevich Troepolsky, Vladimir Alexandrovich Korablinov, many other masters of the artistic word were friends with her ... ". When once a denunciation was written against Troepolsky in the Central Committee of the CPSU, she was not afraid to defend the author of "White Bim". Anna Nikolaevna competed with the poet P. E. Kasatkin, who would sing ditties more.
In 1977, the biobibliographic index of literature "Anna Nikolaevna Korolkova" was published in the series "Voronezh Writers and Literary Critics".
During the life of Anna Korolkova, the sculpture of the storyteller was made (1971.1975, ceramics) in three versions by the sculptor Anna Arkadyevna Tolmacheva. All of them were exhibited at all-Union exhibitions.
A. N. Korolkova died in 1984 at the age of almost 92 and was buried at the Left Bank Cemetery in Voronezh.
AT State Archive The Voronezh region has a personal fund of A. N. Korolkova.
Picturesque portraits of the narrator were painted by artists E.V. Solomkin, Mikhailov.
In Voronezh, two memorial plaques to A. N. Korolkova were installed - on the site of the house (Prokhladny Lane, 14), in which she lived in post-war years and at house number 12 on Leninsky Prospekt, where she lived from 1955 to 1984. In 1997, a new street in the Levoberezhny district of Voronezh was named after the storyteller.
The Voronezh City Family Reading Library No. 39 (Tsimlyanskaya Street) bears the name of Korolkova.
The place of honor is occupied by the exposition dedicated to A. N. Korolkova in the Museum of Folk Culture and Ethnography of the Voronezh state university.
In 1996, in the Center for Child Development - Kindergarten No. 198 (Levoberezhny district of Voronezh), the museum "Tales and Storytellers" was created, where personal belongings of A. N. Korolkova and her bust are stored.
The central street of the native village of the narrator (the village of Staraya Toida, Anninsky district) is named after A. N. Korolkova. In Starotoidenskaya high school there is a museum of A. N. Korolkova.
In the Voronezh State Puppet Theater "Jester" named after V. Volkhovsky, "Tales of Grandmother Korolkova" were staged for "Scenes from a Book for a Baby and a Baby" ("Baby Scene"). Amazing Stories“Pea”, “Why is the rooster smart”, “Suma, give me mind” sound new and modern, as if they had just been composed.
On the occasion of the 125th anniversary of the birth of the Voronezh storyteller Anna Nikolaevna Korolkova, a theater evening and other events were held in Voronezh.
And today, thanks to the wonderful storyteller Anna Nikolaevna Korolkova, the Russian fairy tale is alive!
Literature
- Golikov V. My grandmother Anna Korolkova: Doc. narration // Golden ring of cuckoo's tears / A. N. Korolkova. - Voronezh, 2001. - S. 8-33: ill.
- Pukhova T. F. Echoes of the art of buffoons in the fairy tales of A. N. Korolkova and A. K. Baryshnikova (Kupriyanikha) / T. F. Pukhova, N. V. Anikeev // Folk culture today and problems of its study: materials of scientific. region. conf. 2012 / ed. G. F. Kovaleva. - Voronezh, 2012. - S. 31-47. - (Afanasevsky collection: materials and research; issue XII).
- Novichikhin E. G. A lesson for good fellows. The life and fate of Anna Korolkova / E. G. Novichikhin. - Voronezh: Publishing house. House of VSU, 2014. - 164 p., 8 sec. l. ill. - (Unknown famous Voronezh residents).
- Reshetova A. Monument to the storyteller A. N. Korolkova / A. Reshetova, K. Lyukova, A. Pyanykh // Voronezh local history: traditions and modernity: materials of the annual. region scientific-practical. conf. (Nov 23, 2013). - Voronezh, 2014. - S. 53-57.
- "Regional folklore studies in the Voronezh text of Russian culture": on the 40th anniversary of the death of the famous Voronezh storyteller A. N. Korolkova // "Voronezh text" of Russian culture: pages of history and modernity / Voronezh. state un-t. - Voronezh, 2015. - Issue. 3, sec. III. - S. 167-201.
- Voronezh region. Memorable dates for 2017 / Voronezh. region universal scientific b-ka them. I. S. Nikitina. - Voronezh, 2016. - S. 33-34.
- Korolkova A. N. “I understand the words and put them in my pocket ...”: a meeting of a folk storyteller with philology students / A. N. Korolkova; ed. foreword "Lessons of a folk storyteller" T. Pukhov // Voronezh space. Ethnocultural features of the region / comp.: V. V. Budakov, E. G. Novichikhin. - Voronezh, 2016. - S. 171-206. - (Rise-region).
- Litvinov V. Unknown A. N. Korolkova (little-known facts from the creative biography of the storyteller) / V. Litvinov, T. V. Marek // Man and society: history and modernity: interuniversity. Sat. scientific tr. / Voronezh. state ped. un-t; ed. M. V. Shakurova. - Voronezh, 2016. - Issue. 15. - S. 366-373.
- The legacy of the Voronezh storyteller / prepared. V. Chursanova // Voronezh Compound. - 2017. - No. 2. - S. 36-38: photo.
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Thanks to this simple woman from the Voronezh village, many pearls of oral folk art have been preserved. Her fairy tales became known truly far away from their native land. They were published even in distant Japan, so that schoolchildren from the "Land of the Rising Sun" could get acquainted with the best examples of Russian folklore. But the talent of a peasant storyteller gained special fame in her homeland, where she became a member of the Writers' Union along with recognized masters of literature. Meanwhile, she had only six months of study at the parochial school behind her ...
“He doesn’t tell a fairy tale, but weaves lace”
Anna Nikolaevna Korolkova (1892 - 1984) was born in the village of Staraya Toida, Bobrovsky district (now - Anninsky district), in the family of a poor peasant. Young Annushka from an early age worked in the field, took care of cattle, nursed children, being in the service of wealthy fellow villagers. And she was also invited with pleasure to village celebrations - to entertain guests with folk tales and songs. Especially people fell in love with fairy tales in her performance. Their lively little girl knew how to present it in an extremely exciting way: with jokes, jokes, by roles, in different voices. Even adults were amazed! They said about her: “she doesn’t tell a fairy tale, but weaves lace.” Annushka's love for folklore was inherited. Her grandfather, orphaned at the age of 6, at one time was the guide of a blind singer, thanks to whom he learned many folk songs. Anna's grandmother was known in the village as a wonderful storyteller. In addition, the local beekeeper Stepan Rastrygin, who lived to be 116 years old, introduced the young storyteller to many nursery rhymes and tales. Meanwhile, the life of Anna herself was by no means fabulous. At the age of 20, the girl was married into a large family, where she became the tenth daughter-in-law. They lived hard, poor. It was especially hard during the famine of 1920-1921. But natural optimism helped Anna to cope with all adversity. The love of creativity did not leave her life either.
How "Voronezh women" conquered the capital
In 1933, Korolkova, together with her husband, a native of the same village, moved to Voronezh. By that time, she was already the keeper of the hearth of a large family. The husband of Anna Nikolaevna got a job at the plant named after S.K. Kirov. Korolkova herself led household, and then began to participate in public life cities. Gathered vociferous friends and organized a choir. An amateur group rehearsed in one of the factory barracks. Soon a rumor spread around the city that in the evenings at the Kirov factory "local women arrange concerts" and crowds of spectators were drawn to the rehearsals. And on March 8, 1938, the first real concert of the choir took place in the club. The singers, whose repertoire included both old folk songs and ditties on the topic of the day, were accepted with a bang. In the summer of the same year, they were sent on their first tour - to Yaroslavl, to the All-Union Olympiad of amateur art groups of chemical industry enterprises. There, the Voronezh choir bypassed ensembles with solid creative experience and returned to hometown with victory. After some time, the Korolkovskaya singers were invited to the capital. They became participants in a concert in the Hall of Columns. This time Molotov and Stalin were among the spectators who gave them a standing ovation. Then, by special order, all Voronezh artistes were encouraged with a cash prize and given them a "special prize" - several cuts of bright fabrics for tailoring costumes for performances.
"You must study literature!"
During the Great Patriotic War, Korolkova was evacuated to her native Old Toida, where she organized a song group. Then he joined the Voronezh Folk Choir, headed by Konstantin Massalitinov. In wartime, the artists gave concerts to Soviet soldiers. Later this choir became famous all over the world. Anna Nikolaevna herself performed with him until 1944, and in the victorious 1945 she returned to Voronezh and recreated an amateur choir at the Kirov plant, with which she worked for 10 years.
All this time, Korolkova did not part with fairy tales. Even in Yaroslavl, her talent as a storyteller was especially noted by an art professor and gave advice: “You should study literature systematically!” In the late 1930s, 32 "tales from Korolkova" were recorded by the folklore researcher Tonkov. In 1941, her first "fairytale collection" was published. This was just the beginning. When the war ended, other publications followed - in the USSR and abroad. In the 1950s, Korolkova's creative baggage included about 100 works. In addition, Anna Nikolaevna was a consultant for the well-known youth ensemble "Lada" for a long time, she was a frequent guest on radio and television - on programs dedicated to folklore. She devoted her whole life to the preservation and promotion of folk art.
Eternal fabulous values
"Fairytale repertoire" Korolkova extremely diverse. It contains heroic legends, and magical stories, and household tales, and nursery rhymes ... The plots of many of them are found in different storytellers, but each storyteller conveys them in his own way, with nuances that turn the well-known adventures of fairy-tale characters into a unique work. Researchers of Anna Nikolaevna's creativity note her lively language, saturated with bright, memorable images, a wonderful sense of form, fidelity to folk traditions. In the presentation of Korolkova there is always a characteristic for Russian folk tales composition - beginnings, endings, common places. But, at the same time, her tales are independent. works of art in which the original author's style is felt. Korolkova also has very rare fairy-tale plots, such as "Prince Peter's faithful wife", dating back to the ancient Russian "The Tale of Peter and Fevronia of Murom". And how much wisdom and kindness are in Korolkov's fairy tales! Their goodies protect native land from enemies, they teach by their examples to be honest, generous, noble ... It’s a pity only now Anna Nikolaevna’s fairy tales are rarely seen in bookstores.
“In her speech, she heard herself Ancient Russia»
The remarkable Voronezh sculptor Antonina Tolmacheva worked on a portrait of Anna Korolkova in the early 1970s. Antonina Artemovna shared with us her memories of the storyteller:
- I have never seen Anna Nikolaevna as a philistine woman. She always met me dressed up in a Russian folk costume and sat on her chair like a monument. You know, Korolkova had a finished sculpture! I just worked with her, and I easily completed her portrait in three versions. Then all these options were presented at all-Union exhibitions.
The communication with Anna Nikolaevna left a special impression. We talked a lot while she posed for a portrait. Korolkova's memory was excellent, and interesting details were always present in her memoirs. And how she told stories! It is imperative to repeat programs with her participation on television, because now you simply cannot find such a unique speech. Ancient Russia itself was heard in her wonderful dialect!
A street in the Levoberezhny district of Voronezh is named after Anna Korolkova. The Voronezh Library bears her name. family reading No. 39. A memorial plaque was erected on the house where Anna Nikolaevna lived (Leninsky Prospekt, 12) in the year of the centenary of the storyteller.
Anna Nikolaevna is known not only as an outstanding storyteller, but also the author of wonderful ditties. She sensitively reacted to events in the country and the world, and this was reflected in her well-aimed quatrains. Korolkova's repertoire included ditties dedicated to the successes of Soviet machine operators, the record of pilots under the command of Chkalov who made a non-stop flight Moscow - Vancouver and the victory of the Red Army in the battles at Khalkhin Gol ...
Korolkova Anna Nikolaevna Anna Nikolaevna was born back in 1892 in the village of Staraya Toida, Anninsky district, Voronezh region. Anna Nikolaevna inherited her creative gift. The Korolkova family loved to sing and tell. The glory of the storyteller and songwriter was won by her grandmother Maria Potatyevna - not a single wedding in the village could do without her. Anna Nikolaevna's grandfather, Ustin Sergeevich, knew many songs, riddles and jokes. Little Anyuta knew early the hard life of a peasant: from the age of 9 she was a nanny, a laborer, a servant. Having exhausted herself during the day, she and her friends ran late in the evening to the old beekeeper - grandfather Stepan, who knew many fairy tales and willingly told them, and she was surprised and memorized, absorbed like a sponge. Her memory was amazing. Anna Nikolaevna memorized 132 fairy tales, not counting fairy tales and legends. But Korolkova almost did not know how to write, she only signed, but she read well - she learned herself. In 1933 Anna Nikolaevna's family left for Voronezh. Her husband worked at a factory, and she raised six children. And when the evacuation of Voronezh began in 1942, she returned to her homeland, to Old Toida with her big family: daughters and grandchildren. On the small homeland Korolkova arrived famous: both listeners and readers knew her. Just before the war, the collection “Songs and Tales of the Voronezh Region” was published, which also included some of her fairy tales. Her works were broadcast on the radio. In her native village, A. Korolkova organized a choir, with which she traveled to the frontline area, gave concerts in military units. Anna Nikolaevna prepared almost the entire repertoire of the choir herself, was its artistic director and soloist. The soldiers, exhausted by wounds, on crutches, bandaged, stood, sat, lay and listened to songs that delighted, surprised, encouraged them, helping them overcome pain, return to life. And the choir rehearsed until late at night, preparing new numbers. Many members of the choir stayed overnight in a spacious peasant hut, where Anna Nikolaevna and her children were sheltered by her old friend. Quite a bit of time will pass and the composer K.I. Massalitinov will unite amateur groups, and the newly created Voronezh Russian Folk Choir will acquire an original creative face. He will be applauded by listeners from many countries of the world. Not a single program of the choir could do without fervent, ringing ditties, choruses, clumsy ones, often composed for the topic of the day by Anna Nikolaevna. But the main thing in the life of Anna Nikolaevna is the creation of fairy tales. In Korolkova's repertoire we find fairy tales of all genre varieties. And about the heroes ("Ilya Muromets", "Dobrynya Nikitich") and magical ("Sivka - Burka", "Sister Alyonushka"), and social - domestic ("Husband and wife", "About the master"), and various narratives, borrowed from popular print books (for example, fairy tales about Bova Korolevich and Yeruslan Lazarevich) and children's fairy tales about animals (“Gingerbread Man”, “Goat and Four Kids”, “Cat, Rooster and Fox”, etc.) Tales of A.N. Korolkova were first published in 1940. in Voronezh, in the collection "Songs and Tales of the Voronezh Region". Then they appeared in the newspapers "Commune" and "Literary Russia", in the almanac "Literary Voronezh", in the magazines "Kolobok", "Rise", "Worker", and also appeared in various folklore collections. And in 1969. they were published in a separate collection in Moscow, by the publishing house of the Academy of Sciences. Anna Nikolaevna received world fame. Her fairy tales were published abroad in 1970. - on the German, and in 1976 in Japanese. In 1957 she is accepted into the Writers' Union. Folklorists, philologists and musicologists recorded from her a lot of wedding, love, family and other non-ritual lyrical songs, ditties, proverbs, sayings and riddles. For services to public literary activity A.N. Korolkova was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor and several medals. A street in the Levoberezhny district of the city of Voronezh is named after Korolkova. In the Starotoidenskaya secondary school of the Anninsky district, material was collected and a museum of A.N. Korolkova. The central street of her native village is now named after her.