How does a speech therapist work with a child of 5 years. Speech therapy classes for children. Exercises with special literature

The first sounds and words of the little man are quite funny and make adults smile. However, no one will smile if they hear upside down words and incomprehensible phrases from an adult. Communication is an important element of our life. The ability to correctly and competently express one's thoughts, the ability to clearly formulate answers to the questions posed, as well as the ability to pronounce all sounds - this is what not only children, but also adults should strive for.

speech therapy classes for children at home it is constant communication with the child in a playful way. Having interested the child, you can engage with him by playing games for the development of speech, such as

• finger games (games for development fine motor skills)
• articulation gymnastics
• games for the development of hearing, games for onomatopoeia and logorhythmics (poems with movements)
• poems for speech development and vocabulary replenishment

The most difficult thing is to interest the child. And this is a very serious problem. After all, seating a little fidget is not so simple. But in general, it is not necessary to sit down, you can work with a child when he plays in his hut or jumps on the sofa. Classes should be held in the form of a game. Then it will be easier for you, and the child will learn the material without tantrums and whims.

Are you looking for speech therapy classes for children 2 - 3 years old?

A few tips before starting classes with children at home:

• classes should be initially short (2-3 minutes). Then we gradually increase them. Maximum 15-20 minutes at a time.
• activities should be fun for the child. Do not force or insist, so you can completely discourage the child from hunting for anything.
• It is better to practice more often, but little by little. Often performing the same exercise, the child develops a skill.
• use laughter during class. Do not scold for incorrect pronunciation or if the child fails to do something. It’s better to find out with your child why he has such a naughty tongue and how to fix it. It is better to be an ally and friend to a child than a strict teacher. How to properly praise a child.

I would like to dwell in more detail on each of the types of games that you need to play with your child.

Finger games are one of the types of development. A close relationship has been established between the human hand and the speech center of the brain.

Learning texts using "finger" gymnastics stimulates the development of speech, spatial thinking, attention, imagination, brings up the speed of reaction and emotional expressiveness. The child remembers poetic texts better; his speech becomes more expressive.

You need to do every day for 5 minutes, then such exercises will be effective.

Articulation gymnastics is gymnastics for the tongue and lips. The tongue is the main muscle of the organs of speech. The tongue needs to be trained and developed so that it can correctly perform certain specific movements, which are called sound pronunciation. Lips and tongue should be flexible and strong.

To perform articulatory gymnastics, you need a mirror. The child must see how his tongue works, where it is located. In order to bring the exercises to automatism, you need to constantly exercise. It is important to perform the exercises correctly, carefully monitor the position of the tongue.

You need to exercise every day for 5-7 minutes. Preferably 2 times a day. The result is correct and clear speech.

For correct sound pronunciation, it is also necessary to perform tasks that are aimed at developing voice, breathing and speech hearing.

• Onomatopoeia games, hearing development and logorhythmics

Speech or phonemic hearing is the ability to hear, recognize and distinguish sounds correctly.

Hearing development games

1. "Ears - rumors"

Target: to consolidate the ability to differentiate sounds, develop auditory attention.

The speech therapist shows wooden, metal spoons, crystal glasses. Children name these objects. The teacher offers to listen to how these objects sound. Having installed the screen, reproduces the sound of these objects in turn. Children recognize sounds and name the objects that make them.

2. "Who said "Meow?""

Target: improve the ability to distinguish the voices of pets by ear.

Material: tape recorder, audio recording with the sounds of the voices of pets.

3. "Who is standing at the traffic light?"

Target: develop auditory attention, recognize and name modes of transport.

Material: tape recorder and audio recording with street noises.

The speech therapist turns on an audio recording with the sounds of the street. Children listen to the sounds and name the transport that has stopped at the traffic light (car, truck, tractor, motorcycle, cart, tram).

4. "Where does it ring?"

Target: develop auditory attention, the ability to navigate in space with eyes closed.

Children stand with their eyes closed. A speech therapist with a bell moves silently around the group and rings. Children, without opening their eyes, point with their hand in the direction of the sound source.

5. Finger game "Thunderstorm"

Target: coordinate the movement with the text, taking into account changes in the dynamics and tempo of the sound.

The speech therapist reads the words of the game, and the children perform movements according to the text.

dripped drops (tap on the table with two index fingers).
It's raining (quietly knock with four fingers of both hands).
It pours like a bucket (tap loudly with four fingers).
The hail has gone (knocking with the bones of their fingers, knocking out a fraction).
Thunder (drumming fists on the table).
Lightning flashes (draw a lightning bolt in the air with your fingers, make a sh sound).
Everyone quickly runs home (clap hands, hands are hidden behind the back).
The sun shines bright in the morning (describe a large circle with both hands).

Speech imitation or onomatopoeia

This is the reproduction after the speaker of the sounds, words, phrases uttered by him.

To play, use figurines or pictures of animals. Moms and their babies. After all, the mother frog shouts KVA, and the frog screams KVA. Remember the fairy tale about the three bears, the father bear growls loudly, the mother bear is quieter, and the bear cub squeaks.

Games to imitate everyday noises:

• The clock is ticking - tic-tac
• Water drips - CAP-CAP
• The kid stomps - TOP-TOP
• Hammer knocks knock-knock
• Scissors cut CHIC-CHIC
• We swing on the swing
• We eat carrot Khrum-khrum
• The car is driving bb

Logopedic rhythm or logorhythm- a combination of movement, speech and music. The adult reads the verse and shows the movements, the child repeats. Nothing complicated. Children are fun and interesting. Of course, an adult needs to read and learn the necessary rhymes in advance and learn the movements to them. Also, you need to choose the musical accompaniment for the poems in advance. It is advisable to practice in the afternoon 2-3 times a week.

Game "Walk" (development of general motor skills)
Along the narrow path (walking in place)
Our feet are walking (raising legs high)
By pebbles, by pebbles (shifting from foot to foot at a slow pace)
And into the hole... boom! (sit on the floor on the last word)

• Poems for speech development - tongue twisters and vocabulary replenishment

Tongue twisters are short rhyming phrases. tongue twisters are the best exercises to improve the clarity and literacy of speech. Tongue twisters increase the child's vocabulary, improve diction, and also develop speech hearing.

In order for a child to speak competently, to be able to express his thoughts and feelings, he needs his own vocabulary.

Your child's vocabulary consists of:

• passive vocabulary (those words that the child understands)
• active vocabulary (those words that the child says)

Initially, the child's active vocabulary is small, but over time, the child will transfer those words that were in the passive vocabulary to the active one. The larger the passive vocabulary, the better.

To increase your vocabulary, look at pictures together, read books, comment on your actions.

For classes with my child, I use various manuals, one of the last successful acquisitions is the “Big Album for the Development of Speech” and “Lessons of a Speech Therapist. Games for the development of speech.

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This book consists of 3 sections, each section contains detailed instructions on how to do it.

• finger gymnastics
  • 1 group. Hand exercises (page 8-29)
  • 2 group. Finger exercises are conditionally static (pp. 30-47)
  • 3rd group. Dynamic Finger Exercises (page 48-57)
• articulation gymnastics. Presented with the help of fairy tales with verses, there are additional cards plus there are images of the correct result of the exercise. (pp. 64-110). Also in this section there are games for the development of speech hearing, auditory attention.
• Tongue Twisters. Grouped according to "difficult" sounds to help your child practice specific sounds. (pp. 111-169)

I bought this book here. If you have questions about the book, please ask.

This book has 3 blocks, each for a specific age:

• Developing the speech of the baby (page 6-89)
  • development of speech understanding
  • development of general motor skills
  • breathing exercises
  • finger games
  • articulation gymnastics
  • onomatopoeia
• We develop speech younger preschooler(pp. 92-183). For children 3-6 years old
• We develop the speech of an older preschooler (pp. 186-277).

This book is great for increasing a child's vocabulary, developing logical thinking, attention, memory and imagination.

I have not found the same book Ozone appeared), but there is a separate books for toddlers children from 3 to 6 years old and older preschoolers. Which is also very convenient if you need a book for a 4-year-old child. I found this book when my son was already 3 years old. But I didn’t worry, my daughter is growing up, and we will study with her in the first block.

Work with your child only in a good mood, believe in your child, rejoice in his successes, help overcome failures. Speech therapy classes with your child at home will help you become even closer and dearer. Be patient and good luck!

How do you deal with a child? What do you use for this? Does the child like to play? Please share in the comments your methods of developing speech in a child and how much time you spend doing certain exercises.

How to teach a child to say what to do and what not to do.

The first sounds and words of babies are very funny and provoke uncontrollable smiles in adults. But everyone abruptly stops having fun when they hear slurred phrases from schoolchildren or students. Communication is an essential part of every person's life. Expressing your thoughts in a structured way, correctly formulating answers to the questions asked, as well as speaking beautifully and correctly are skills that you should begin to strive for in early childhood.

Unfortunately, most parents do not devote much time to the process of speech development in children. Adults naively believe that it is too early for a child of 5-6 years old to go to a speech therapist, they say, all the defects will go away with growing up on their own. But there is a chance that speech problems will not disappear. Often, the incorrect pronunciation of sounds in an adult begins precisely with early “dropouts”.

A child with crooked speech is doomed to constant ridicule from the outside. And if you do not cope with the problem on time, then in adulthood he will become a terribly insecure, withdrawn and uncommunicative person. Today, speech therapists can correct the situation, offering a systematic development of speech with the help of special games and exercises. However, it is realistic to arrange training sessions for a child at home.

Types of speech defects

Before proceeding with exercises and classes, we recommend that you deal with the main types of violations in the pronunciation of sounds. A child's speech may be distorted due to:

• Stuttering. The most common speech defect. It is possible to determine the presence of stuttering in a child closer to the age of 3 years, since in this period he begins to build the first large sentences. Classes with an experienced speech therapist in this case can not be avoided. The specialist will offer games to eliminate the defect and develop speech, which are guaranteed to give a positive result. Stuttering is an insidious problem. It is important not to give up classes with the child even after achieving success, because there are cases when the problem returned.
• Dyslalia. A similar defect often occurs in a child of 3 5 years. If you do not go into science, then dyslalia is a confusion in the pronunciation of some consonant sounds (“l”, “r”, “w” and others). With this problem, it is worth contacting a speech therapist as soon as the crooked speech has become noticeable, preferably in the same year.
• Nasal. This phenomenon is also classified as a defect, but the main root of the problem here is in the wrong structure of the speech apparatus. Having found a similar problem, be sure to contact an otolaryngologist, a speech therapist will not be able to help the child in this situation.
• ONR (general underdevelopment of speech). By the age of 6, a child's speech should be coherent and interesting. If a preschooler experiences certain difficulties in speaking, then most likely the reason lies in the wrong approach to communicating with him. OHP is often found in babies whose parents lisped a lot, distorted endings and pronounced only diminutive forms of words. All this has created a huge "mess" in the child's head, which is why now the child already confuses the endings on his own and uses the wrong prepositions. You can eliminate the defect in time if you take the baby to a speech therapist up to 6 years old.
• Neurological diseases. If you notice that exercising at home with your child does not bring any results, consult a qualified neurologist. It may require special treatment. It is important to note that a speech therapist will not be able to help your child with this problem.
• ZRR (delay speech development). By the age of 3-5, every average child begins to chat incessantly. If you notice that your baby has a small vocabulary, you should definitely visit a speech therapist to check his speech.

Observe your child and his speech. Regularly communicating with the baby, you will definitely notice the presence of any problems with the pronunciation of sounds. If you find any, be sure to make an appointment with a speech therapist, no matter how old the child is.

When to contact a speech therapist?

Each child is unique, so language development may vary slightly. Usually by the age of 5, the baby already knows how to:

• Pronounce all existing sounds. An exception may be hissing, rarely "L".
• Make up sentences of 5-7 words.
• Understand the difference between singular and plural.
• Describe things with an indication of their main qualities and characteristics.
• Engage in dialogue with peers and adults.
• Quickly say the name, surname and patronymic, your age.

If a child of 5 years old does not know how to do something from the list, it will be useful for him to attend several lessons of a speech therapist.

Speech therapy classes for childrenaimed at increasing vocabulary, developing fine motor skills and proper breathing, correcting defects in sound pronunciation.

It is worth saying that you should not immediately lead a child to a speech therapist. Children develop better at home. Here they feel more comfortable.

Home games for the development of speech

Speech therapy classes for children - purposeful communication with the baby in a playful way.

All existing exercises for the development of speech can be divided into 4 groups:

• finger games;
• articulation gymnastics;
• onomatopoeia and logorhythmics;
• games to expand the child's vocabulary.

Finger games for speech development

One of the most effective activities for the development of speech are exercises that involve the use of fine motor skills, since there is a close connection between the human limbs and the brain center responsible for pronunciation. In addition, such games are suitable for children with only developing speech, for example, at the age of 1 year.

The child will definitely enjoy the following exercises:

• "Flower". In the initial position, form a bud from the closed palms, the fingers should be raised up, and the wrists should be strongly pressed. After the plant blooms - the fingers are bred in opposite directions. Performing the exercise, say: “The sun wakes up - the bud opens. The sun is tired - the flower goes to sleep.
• "Kitty". The algorithm of actions of the exercise for the development of speech: clench your fists and lay them on the surface in front of you. After that, it is necessary to simultaneously unclench your palms and press firmly against the table. In the process, you need to pronounce: “The cam is a palm. I stomp like a cat." Repeat 3-5 times, changing pace.
• "Hedgehog". The child will definitely enjoy this exercise. In the initial position, place your palms at a slight angle, interlace the fingers of both hands. In the process, move your even fingers and say: “A tiny cheerful hedgehog. How good are you."
• "Bird and water". Children 5 years old are crazy about this exercise. Initially, you need to place your elbow on the table, raise your forearm and fold your fingers with a “pinch” - this will be the “beak”. When completing the task, lower the “beak” (the elbow is motionless) and touch the table. In the process, imitate the movements of the bird: draw water, straighten the neck, swallow. Accompany the exercise with a tongue twister: "Bent down, scored, lifted and swallowed."
• "Chicks in the Nest". Gather the fingers of your left hand into a “pile” - these will be “chicks”. fingers right hand make a ring - this will be a "nest". Send the birds to the nest by changing the position of the hands in turn. Add text accompaniment: “Here are the chicks, and here is the nest. The chicks are warm inside.

Finger gymnastics with learning texts at home is an excellent alternative to regular trips to a speech therapist. Such games provoke the development of speech, teach to use spatial imagination and bring up the speed of reaction. After a short time, you will notice that the baby began to memorize texts better, speak more expressively.

Articulation gymnastics

Speech therapy classes for 5-6-year-old children must necessarily include articulation gymnastics, which is a complex exercise for warming up the tongue and lips. The ability of the baby to perform some of the movements necessary for the correct sound pronunciation depends on how trained and developed the tongue and lips are. To be effective with your child, be sure to use a mirror of the right size. The kid should see how his speech organs work. You do not need to be a speech therapist to show your child how to do the exercises correctly:

• "Swing". Smile showing all your teeth. First lower the tip of the tongue to the lower teeth, then raise it and hide it behind the upper ones. It turns out a kind of swing. Ask the child during the game to repeat the exercise after you 4-5 times.
• "Brushing our teeth." Toddlers by the age of 5 already know how to independently maintain cleanliness in oral cavity. In this exercise, you need to simulate brushing and rinsing your teeth, but without using toothpaste and a brush. Starting position: smile with your mouth wide open. Next, you need to strain the tip of the tongue and with all your might clean the lower teeth from the inside, then lift the tip up and carefully work out the upper teeth. It is important that you do not close your mouth. Repeat the exercise 8-10 times. Now ask your child to close their mouth and "rinse" it.
• "Jam". You need to smile with your mouth slightly open. Now ask the baby to lick the upper lip first, and then the lower lip with the tip of the tongue. After 10 repetitions, you need to change the direction of movement.

Regular repetitions of these simple speech therapy exercises will actively contribute to the development of speech in a 5-6 year old baby.

Onomatopoeia and logorhythmics

Classes with a speech therapist in the clinic often include a block of exercises for the formation of correct hearing. At home, you can easily create similar conditions to develop a child's speech and auditory perception with the help of simple exercises. All that is required is time, a phone or a computer with a speaker, improvised devices.

Games aimed at developing hearing:

• "Ears". Take a few items made from different materials. Suitable metal and wooden spoons, glass and crystal glasses. Invite the child to listen to how these objects sound, then ask him to close his eyes and guess what this thing is only by ear.
• "Meow". Find on the net a recording with the voices of animals known to your baby. Turn it on and ask your child to guess which of the animals the voice belongs to.
• "The outside". Download the recording with the sounds of various vehicles. Invite the child to listen to it and say what kind of transport passed. For recognition, it is better to take familiar types of vehicles - a truck, car, motorcycle, tractor.
• "Where are they making noise?" An excellent game for the development of spatial hearing. Sit the child in the center of the room and blindfold him. Take a bell and silently walk around it, periodically tinkling. The kid needs to identify the source of the noise by ear and point his hand in his direction.

Speech therapists for the development of hearing and speech often ask kids to imitate the voices of animals and birds, as well as everyday noises. Take turns saying “tic-tock”, “chik-chik”, “drip-drip”, “woof-woof”, “zh-zh-zh” and the like with the child.

Logorhythmics is a set of exercises that includes the simultaneous use of movement, speech and music (optional). With the help of such games, forming a child's speech is as easy as shelling pears. Remember the bull that walks and staggers. Speak the text, show the movements. Let the kid repeat after the adults. It will be fun for both the child and you.

Vocabulary expansion and speech development

For a child, speech development games, first of all, should be interesting. Tongue twisters are what you need for useful and productive communication in a playful way. Short rhyming phrases are easy to remember, which allows you to seriously expand your baby's vocabulary. A 5-year-old child uses passive and active dictionaries. The first consists of words that he understands, the second - of those that he often uses. To improve both dictionaries, be sure to include exercises with tongue twisters in speech development games.

To make speech therapy exercises easy for a child, and a positive result appears as early as possible, follow these simple recommendations:

• Even without being a speech therapist by profession, explain to your child the meaning of classes. Tell that all games are aimed at developing his speech, and the ability to speak beautifully and clearly is an attribute of every adult.
• Speech therapist games with children should be easy. If the child is carried away by what is happening, then he will direct all his forces in the right direction.
• Limit the amount of time your child spends on speech development and other pre-school activities. It is desirable that the exercises be daily, but not more than 15 minutes each, since it is still difficult for a 5-year-old child to concentrate.
• Praise kids for success. It will be much easier to instill a child’s interest in games for the development of speech if he is sure that he will not be punished, but supported.
• Become a role model. The child develops speech from observations of your behavior. So always speak correctly, clearly and with expression.

No matter how old a child is, improving his speech and helping with all-round development is one of the most important duties of parents. An additional assistant in this difficult task can be the BrainApps service. The portal contains hundreds of highly effective simulators, classes on which will improve memory, attention, thinking and concentration of both adults and children. If you are tired of the usual games to develop the correct sound pronunciation, try to work out with your baby on the BrainApps simulators. The result will pleasantly surprise you and, probably, the child will not need a speech therapist.

Good day everyone! Today I want to talk about a very serious topic, like speech therapy classes with children 5-7 years old. After all, many attribute incorrect pronunciation to age. It will grow, we think. But it might turn out differently. Do you know about the troubles that sloppy speech entails in an adult?

First of all, this is a huge lack of confidence in yourself and your abilities. Just imagine! Such a complex will create problems anywhere! From finding a good job to success in your personal life. Let's correct, before it's too late, the wrong pronunciation of the children! We will study a number of interesting games, classes in the most common situations. Let's get started!

Let me start by looking at the types speech disorders. There are many of them, but each child has his own.

• Stuttering. This is a fairly common occurrence. You can notice by the age of 3, at this time the first sentences begin to line up. It is important to immediately contact a good speech therapist. After all, no specialist guarantees that in a couple of years the problem will not return again ...
• Dyslalia. The word is very clever! But behind this lies also a common problem for preschool children - the incorrect pronunciation of consonants. Especially often, this applies to "R", "L" and "Sh".
• Nasal. Here, of course, the main role is played by the natural factor - the wrong structure of the speech apparatus. And it will be very good to visit an otolaryngologist to solve such a problem.
• General underdevelopment of speech (OHP). Here, dear readers, close relatives of the baby are often the culprits. All sorts of lisping, insufficient communication leads to the fact that the child constantly confuses everything. I'm talking about word endings, confusion of prepositions, etc. This can have a bad effect later. After all, it's school soon!
• Congenital pathologies of a neurological nature. Comprehensive treatment by a neurologist is already required.
• With delayed speech development (SRR). Usually this manifests itself by the age of 3. After all, at this time, the children are babbling non-stop! Therefore, in the case of a short vocabulary, contact a specialist without delay!

Give worthy attention to the little one. Control your child's speech. And in case of gaps, seek help from a doctor!

When should I take my child to a speech therapist?

I don’t even know why, but today the number of children with sound pronunciation problems has increased dramatically. Tell me, how much time a day do you devote to reading, and how much to watching TV together? One of the reasons I see the global interest of children (almost from the cradle) technical means. The kids don't talk much. There is no desire for this. What for? After all, there are so many interesting things around, and concentrated in one place: on TV.

As a result, we ourselves can miss that golden moment in order to send the child to a specialist. There is an unspoken rule among speech therapists: the sooner the better. That's right, it should be solved right away. Forgive me for the comparison, but if you get a dress dirty and leave it for a long time without washing, what will happen? Of course, there is a risk that the stain will eat in and not be washed off. So here.

The peak of visits falls on children 4 - 5 years old. Right now they have to pronounce complex consonants, build sentences with logic. More precisely, even texts involving elementary words. There must be consistency in his stories. Take the test by asking the child to retell the simplest picture. Did not work out? Then see a specialist!

When an accurate diagnosis is made, you will start attending classes that will definitely give results. But don’t be lazy at home either, do it in a playful way, at least for 20 minutes. Just don’t force it, kids don’t like it! And I will tell you what exercises you can do at home, depending on the problem.

For the pronunciation of sounds

Those who have already encountered this side of the coin know that the sounds R, L and Sh are the most insidious. If the child simply does not pronounce them (losing them in a word), this is not the time yet. And when he begins to pronounce other, simpler letters instead of them, a reason to think.

Here are some exercises to keep in mind. They are of an articulatory nature, for the correct formation of the tongue, palate, lips. In general, the entire articulatory apparatus.

Learning to speak R clearly! I really enjoy these activities:

• Open your mouth wide and smile. The lower jaw is motionless, and the tip of the tongue is raised up, as if stroking the palate back and forth. Recommendation: do it yourself first so you understand the principle. So, it will be easier to convey the essence to the child!
• We brush our teeth with the tip of the tongue from the inside. The mouth is wide open. See how easy it is! A five-year-old child will do without difficulty.
• And yet, an interesting option. Put a small ball on a wooden stick, the child opens his mouth and says DDRRR. You, at this time, drive this instrument under the tongue. Movements must be made quickly.
• Ask to say "YES", while the tongue rests on the teeth. "DY" - in the upper palate.

Watching this video will help you pronounce the sound "R".

Learning to pronounce L:

• Open your mouth wide, put your tongue on your lower lip, holding your chin, pronounce La, Lo, Li, Lu.
• To drive the tongue across the palate, as if we are painting it.
• And let him try to touch the tip of the nose with his tongue.
• We lick the imaginary jam from the lips.

Now the problematic letter Sh:

• Insert the tip of the tongue under the upper lip, and tear it off sharply, with a click.
• The lips should be rounded by stretching them forward. Keep it up for 6 seconds.
• Take a piece of cotton wool, put it on the baby's nose. And let him try to blow it off so that it flies up. This is a fun exercise that will definitely be appreciated by the child.

And here is a selection for every day, for the pronunciation of clear speech.

Learning to speak clearly

At 5 - 7 years old, a child is already able to repeat many exercises after a parent or teacher. But some of them are more complex. I tried to put together the simplest and most effective. By the way, they are perfect for kids with ONR.

Articulation gymnastics

• Smile so that your teeth are visible. And then we pull the sponges into a tube.
• Tighten your lips as much as possible. Gently relax.
• Bite your upper and lower lip alternately with your teeth.
• The clatter of hooves. This is a well-known action. The kids will surely love it!

15 minutes is enough time. By the way, such corrective manipulations are perfect not only for children, but also for any people with impaired sound pronunciation.

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Here are a few more examples of correcting the development of speech formation:

• Everyone knows how babies cry? So let's play this sound: Wa, Wa.
• Let's drink like mice: Pi, Pi.
• And how do we make noise when we get lost in the forest? Ay, ay!
• A strong wind howled: Oooo.
• And now a combination of vowels and consonants. Imitation of animal calls: Meow, Mu, Kwa, Ko-Ko, Ga-Ga.
• Bear growls: RRR.
• We sing a voice: La-la, la-la-la.

Singing, by the way, is very useful. Choose a song that your child likes. Perhaps timed to coincide with the next holiday. And they also like “Two funny geese lived with a grandmother”, “There was a birch in the field”. At first glance, they are simple, but the words flow smoothly there, which is very important for corrective work. By the way, teachers use this kindergarten. There are definitely music lessons. But developmental activities with a speech therapist are also present there.

Classes in kindergarten

Tell me, does your child go to kindergarten? If so, how are speech therapy classes conducted there? In the garden where our Dominik goes, there are 2 types:

• Individual. When a child has a certain problem.
• Group (front). A group of children with similar defects gathers.

Ideally, this should be the case in all preschools. But 5-7 years is already preparatory group. After all, it's school soon! What are the good things to do here? One of these are chants. And these are not simple songs, as you might think. This is singing and performing certain actions synchronously.

Here is the simplest option: "the plane is flying." Children sing to the tune of UUUUU, arms should be spread like wings. The teacher directs their actions:

1. We buzz with different volumes (the plane flies farther, then flies closer).
2. Broken. When making the sound UUUU, the kids hit themselves with their palms in the chest.
3. Landing. Performing UUUU, spreading their wings, the children each run to their high chair.

Very interesting manipulations with the microphone. The kids hear their own voice, while they either remove the microphone away, or bring it closer to themselves.

There are many troubles, of course. But now, most of them are solvable. Even those called ZPR or ZPRR.

The diagnosis of ZPR is not a sentence

There are parents who think and invent defects for their child. It is not for nothing that people say: “It is better to overdo it than not do it for nothing.” But there are those who point blank do not see anything wrong. But by the age of 5, a child should already be able to express his thoughts in understandable phrases. Do not confuse syllables in words.

There are several diagnoses that lead parents to a stupor.

• ZRR. When only the word pronunciation is underdeveloped, but mentally the child is fine. It is good if it is revealed before 4 - 5 years, since then another stage begins: zprr.
• ZPRR delayed psychoverbal development. When involved in the process and the psyche of the child, his mental abilities.
• ZPR, it's already simple mental development. The speech apparatus also suffers, but the basis here is the baby's psyche.

I will not talk about the reasons that induce such states. But, if this happened, then the rule of speech therapists (and all other doctors!) Is respected here. And it says: "The sooner the better." I hope you understand that, as in any disease, there are more complex forms here.

Be sure to look a good specialist who will find mutual language with a baby. Most likely, here it is necessary to connect a neurologist. But first of all, keep a good emotional background at home. Believe me, a lot depends on this. Well, now I’ll write recommendations on exercises with ZPR.

Literature

For any defects in sound pronunciation, at home you must have right books. They are written by competent authors. And in combination with visits to speech therapy lessons, they will definitely help you cope!

• "Speech therapy homework for children aged 5-7 with ONR" Teremkova N.E. This is album No. 1, there are 4 of them in total. And each is dedicated to certain lexical topics.
• "Speech therapy group: game classes with children 5-7 years old" Derbina A.I. Most The best way to interest the child to engage in - to play with him. This manual is built in a playful way. And it is intended for children with complex defects.
• “Lessons of a speech therapist. Games for the development of speech» Kosinova E.M. As you can see, here, too, everything is built on the elements of the game. What I liked was the allowance from 6 months to 6 years old! And collected here are finger games, and material on articulatory gymnastics.
• “Encrypted tongue twisters. Candy" Kodolbenko E.A. Remember from childhood: "Sasha walked along the highway and sucked dry"? Here is a very similar manual, with funny tongue twisters that will appeal to the little reader.
• "Merry logorhythm" Zheleznova E. This is an audio guide. What has not been invented to interest the child! But most importantly, it really does work! Funny poems for the development of speech and attention, exercises for large motor skills and rhythm.

I hope these manuals will become your real assistants in homework with little fidgets. Tell us, what measures to eliminate speech defects do you know? How are you doing? What are you reading for this? Share your experience by leaving comments. And subscribe to blog updates! See you soon. Bye!

Preschoolers often have incorrect pronunciation or the absence of certain sounds. It is important for parents not to miss the moment for classes. For this, it is necessary not only to consult with specialists, but also to read specialized literature.

It is worth remembering that for a beautiful and correct speech must be practiced daily. And the sooner you start training, the better. Moreover, speech therapy exercises for children, developed by speech therapists, are useful not only for children who have pronunciation defects. They will also be useful for children without problems with pronunciation.

Usually at 4-5 years old, children develop a clear pronunciation. But there may be difficulties with individual sounds. These are the sounds "p", "l" and hissing. There is an opinion that such defects will pass over time without outside intervention. But that's not the case at all. And classes, even at home with mom, are simply necessary.

At 5-6 years old, the baby should have certain skills:

If any of the above causes difficulties for the child, then it would be useful to attend special courses or perform speech therapy tasks at home. The advantages of visiting speech therapy centers are that a professional speech therapist will deal with the child. But his work is often quite expensive. So loving parents can explore necessary materials and work with your child at home. The advantage is that the child will not feel uncomfortable because of an unfamiliar environment and communication with a stranger.

Types of defects

There can be a huge number of speech disorders. After all, every child is unique. But They are divided into 7 main types:

Development from the cradle

It should not be surprising that the development of speech must be dealt with from the first months of life. This includes the development of fine motor skills. After all, it is she who contributes to the development of the parts of the brain responsible for speech.

Especially useful finger games, hand massage, games with different textures. It is useful for a child to draw (especially with finger paints), sculpt from clay and plasticine, collect puzzles and mosaics, build from constructors, play lacing and string beads. It is especially useful to do all this in the company of parents.

It is necessary from the first days to talk with the baby. Brothers and sisters can be included in this. It is necessary to read books to him, tell fairy tales and poems. You can also voice your actions.

When is it time to see a speech therapist?

AT modern world live communication and reading books faded into the background. Their place was taken TV and internet. Children often watch cartoons than listen to fairy tales. And this can adversely affect their speech development.

Defects in sound pronunciation are more common. But parents, due to limited communication with children, cannot always notice the problem. Or notice too late. And speech therapy problems require urgent intervention. And the sooner this happens, the sooner you can get rid of it.

Speech therapy classes at home

Mom can address the problem both to a specialist and to specialized literature. To date, a large number of books on speech therapy development have been written.

In order for speech therapy exercises for children 5-6 years old at home to be successful and bring results, certain rules must be observed:

Stages of homework

When conducting classes, you must follow a certain order.

1. Finger gymnastics. During the lesson, it is necessary not only to ask the child to repeat any actions. It will be much more effective to learn special rhymes (“Magpie-crow”, “Behemoth”). They are most often short, and it will be interesting for the child to perform exercises with simultaneous pronunciation. It is no less useful for the development of fine motor skills to play with small objects and different textures, for example, with cereals, various fabrics;
2. Articulation gymnastics. Exercises should be aimed at developing and strengthening muscles. Without this, you should not start putting sounds on the child. Exercises can be dynamic (when the lips and tongue move constantly during exercise) and static (when they take a certain position and hold it for several seconds). These exercises are more difficult to perform for the baby, but they are very important. It is thanks to them that the muscles prepare for the pronunciation of certain sounds.
3. Development of phonemic hearing. Since a child learns by perceiving the speech of others, it is important that they speak correctly. These exercises are mainly based on onomatopoeia.

After the gymnastics is done, you can do the production of sounds. Speech therapists consider hissing, “p” and “l” to be the most insidious. the child can simply skip them in words. There is nothing wrong with this. Over time, he will master them. But when the baby puts sounds with easier pronunciation in their place, then it's time for a specialist or parents to intervene.

Setting the sound "r"

In case of difficulties with the pronunciation of “r”, a speech therapist consultation is required, as the reason may be short bridle . In this case, it will need to be trimmed in a medical facility.

If the length of the frenulum is normal, then the child has impaired phonemic hearing, which may depend on genetics, or the articulatory apparatus is poorly developed. This is corrected by exercise. But do not worry if a child at 2-4 years old does not pronounce a complex sound. Lessons should start if the situation does not change by 5 years.

Setting the sound "l"

Basic articulation exercises:

1. Indian conversation. Open your mouth, move your tongue to the sides, while saying “bl-bl”, imitating the voice of an angry turkey.
2. Hammock. This is a kind of stretch for the language. Its tip should be rested alternately on the upper and lower teeth and hold the position as long as possible. The tongue at this time should resemble a kind of hammock.
3. Horse. Clicking the tongue of the upper palate is usually given to children easily and they perform it with great pleasure.
4. Mushroom. The tongue must be rested with the entire surface against the upper palate, and the jaw must be lowered down. In this case, the bridle is strongly stretched.
5. Airplane hum. The child must portray how the plane is buzzing. The tongue at this time should be pressed against the upper teeth, and not placed between.

Making hissing sounds

The simplest speech therapy exercises for training the pronunciation of hissing sounds are imitation of insects and animals in a playful way. For example, a child can be offered to fly like a mosquito or a wasp, while pronouncing the sound "sss" or "sss" at this time.

If you invite a child to become a train, then you can train the pronunciation of the sound “h-h-h”. you can train the sound "shhhh" by imitating sawing firewood or the sound of the surf.

It is convenient to use pictures for classes. An adult shows an image of a mosquito, a locomotive, a surf, and the child voices the object shown in the picture.

For speech therapy classes with children, it is better to choose game forms. And since children love to imitate, an adult must be shown how to perform the exercise correctly. At the same time, the child should not only hear the pronunciation, but also see the facial expressions of the adult. Therefore, it is necessary to talk with the child on the same level. But the main thing is that the kid was interested in doing it. Then the exercises will definitely bring a positive result.

Competent and clear, intelligible and understandable speech of a preschooler is the dream of any parent, but situations often arise when problems in pronouncing sounds are so obvious that it is impossible to do without the intervention of professionals. Speech therapy classes for children aged 5-6 years, conducted at home, are becoming important. Various exercises performed by children under strict guidance loving parents often turn out to be more effective and useful than regular meetings with a speech pathologist.

Speech development of children 5-6 years old

5-6 years is a crucial period in the life of a baby, since it begins. And if a year ago it was possible to write off all the problems at a young age, now you have to face the truth - if the child does not pronounce most of the sounds correctly, gets confused, cannot build a coherent sentence, then there is a serious problem and it is no longer possible to postpone a visit to a professional .

Children at this age should already speak coherently, have developed phonemic hearing, be able to formulate narrative, interrogative and incentive proposals. The normal rate of speech is formed by the age of five, slow or, on the contrary, very fast and fuzzy speech at this age is highly undesirable.

Also among the speech norms is the following.

• The correct pronunciation of all sounds - each of them should sound clearly both as part of a syllable and a word, and in the whole sentence.
• The ability to convey exclamatory and interrogative intonation.
• The vocabulary is becoming richer, parents will no longer be able to list all the words that their child owns, there are about 3 thousand of them. Also at this age, many children actively come up with new words, funny and unusual, which will eventually be forgotten. Involuntary memory is actively developing, so babies easily remember the expressions they just heard.
• Phrases that are complex in construction begin to sound in speech, sentences become more and more detailed, the child is able to tell in detail about the event he witnessed.
• By the age of 5-6, traditionally “difficult” phonemes [r] and [l] should already sound clearly in the speech of babies, but if this does not happen, then there is a problem and the help of a speech therapist is required.

To understand that the speech development of a five-year-old is age-appropriate, one can come up with a coherent story from a picture, the presence of various parts of speech, abstract and generalizing words in speech. Mistakes such as the incorrect use of plural forms (“apples” instead of “apples”) only indicate that the preschooler does not yet have enough knowledge to correctly build a phrase, and they have nothing to do with speech problems.

Each child is an individual, so it is best to evaluate his “results” not in comparison with other children, but by comparing his own results of different periods.

Possible speech defects

There are situations when children, not having any problems, are simply too lazy to pronounce the words aloud, confident that they will be understood anyway. Parents should pay attention Special attention on the baby, if he speaks little, confuses syllables and words, does not understand the meaning of what was said - most often this is due to various speech defects that will have to be corrected in speech therapy classes.

Several types of speech impairment are possible:

• stuttering;
• dyslalia - children with normal hearing and speech apparatus confuse consonant phonemes [p] and [l], [w] and [g].
• nasality - pronouncing the words "in the nose", which makes it very difficult to understand the child;
• the child does not understand the speech of the parents and does not speak on his own;
• pronounces sounds incorrectly - articulation difficulties.

With any of them, you should start speech therapy classes - with a professional defectologist and at home, otherwise the child will be left with a lag in speech development and may not be taken to general education school, offer to visit a specialized institution. But the situation can be corrected thanks to speech therapy.

When should you visit a specialist?

There are several signs that a child's speech needs professional help:

• very poor vocabulary;
• inability to correctly pronounce a large number of sounds;
• wrong choice of word, lack of correlation between the word and the subject to which it refers;
• constant omissions of part of the syllables in words;
• slow or, on the contrary, very fast speech, pronouncing most of the words in syllables;
• slurred speech, stuttering;
• constant hesitations and pauses.

In these cases, it is necessary to show the child to a speech therapist as soon as possible, possibly to a neurologist, this will help to identify the causes of violations and eliminate them.

The role of parents

You should not assume that only classes with a speech therapist will help the child completely solve the problem - parents should be directly involved in this. The child spends most of the time at home, so training should be done there.

Speech therapists advise parents to adhere to the following rules.

• Do not scold the baby for the mistakes he made in pronouncing sounds, but correct them.
• Encourage the child for his efforts and successes, listen carefully to what he tells about classes with a speech therapist, and show sincere interest.
• Make sure that the speech of family members is competent and correct.
• Before showing this or that exercise to a preschooler, you should practice in front of a mirror, check whether everything turns out clearly and correctly.
• Make sure children do homework speech therapist.
• Strives to ensure that each task is completed to the end, correctly, diligently.
• Conduct classes daily - they can be small, but mandatory, should become a good habit.

Defectologists advise creating an atmosphere of correct speech for the baby: read poetry, fairy tales to him more often, sing songs, discuss any natural phenomena with the child, but it is better to minimize TV viewing.

Building a homework

You should perform speech therapy exercises and do speech gymnastics at home, this will help to consolidate the skills and abilities acquired from the defectologist, and make speech more clear and understandable. It is best to conduct them in a playful way so as not to tire the baby - this will help him not to lose interest, not get tired, and enjoy a useful pastime.

The first stage of any lesson (unless the speech therapist suggested otherwise) is articulation gymnastics, which will prepare the speech apparatus for further work, will help stretch the tongue and ligaments. Performing exercises, kids simultaneously train those muscles that are actively involved in the process of pronouncing sounds.

All exercises are done while sitting, preferably in front of a mirror, so that the baby can control himself. Each is repeated several times, depending on the individual preparation of the child.

Parents can perform a large number of exercises with children 5-6 years old, helping them cope with speech problems.

• Pronounce tongue twisters in which there is both a problematic sound and sounds similar to it. For example, when staging the sound [s], you can use this: “My sister and I brought sausage to the owl in the forest.” There are a lot of words with this sound in this speech.
• Pronunciation of poems with problematic sounds.

To improve the pronunciation of the sound [p], the following poem is suitable:

Ra-ra-ra - the kids frolic!

Ro-ro-ro - we distribute good!

Roo-roo-roo - we draw a kangaroo!

Ry-ry-ry - the dog got out of the hole!

In speech therapy encyclopedias, you can get acquainted with a large number of all kinds of rhymes for staging each sound and choose those that suit a particular child. Takova general structure lessons.

Articulation gymnastics - the best warm-up

You should offer the baby to perform exercises aimed at training various muscle groups. Their description is presented in the table.

muscles	Task options
Lips	Smile so that the teeth are not visible, hold this position for 5 to 30 seconds. "Proboscis". Fold your lips with a tube and fix the position. "Fence". Smile in such a way that the upper and lower teeth are open, fix the position.
Language	"Shovel". The tongue, without protruding, the child places on the lower lip and holds in this position for 5 seconds. "Swing". Move your tongue up and down while keeping your mouth open. "Let's brush our teeth." With the tip of the tongue, “walk” along the back of the upper teeth, then along the lower ones. “Snake”. Stick out your tongue as much as possible and try to fold it into a tube. Repeat at least 5 times.
Hyoid ligament	"Horse". Click your tongue, imitating the clatter of hooves. Then complicate the exercise - click quickly or slowly, loudly or quietly. "Fungus". Tightly press the tongue to the sky, hold in this position for several seconds, relax.
Cheeks	"Balloons". Inflate both cheeks, then gently slap them, releasing the air - “burst” the ball. “Hamster”. Puff out both cheeks like a hamster. Then inflate one by one. "Hungry hamster." Pull in your cheeks, fix the position for a few seconds, relax.

It’s not worth including all the exercises in your workout, you need to choose 2-3 of them and work them out properly, but at the same time make sure that all muscle groups are involved during the week. The easiest way is to make a lesson plan for seven days, in which to paint on which day which exercise will be performed.

Each exercise from the complex, offering to fix a certain position, is first performed for 5 seconds, gradually increasing the duration to 30. The parent can count out loud, this will help the child remember the numbers.

Variety of forms and games

So that the preschooler is not bored of repeating the same thing several times, you should consider an unusual game scenario, give him different tasks:

• not just pronounce the words, but make rhythmic movements with the legs or arms to the beat;
• “teach” a toy a tongue-twister or a rhyme, show how to pronounce the text correctly;
• pronounce the text, imagining yourself as a fox or a bunny, make appropriate facial expressions and gestures.

You can make a speech therapy lesson even more exciting if you dress the baby in the costume of the depicted animal.

Poems, tongue twisters can not only be pronounced, but also sung, coming up with a suitable motive for them.

It is possible to stimulate the development of fine motor skills, which is directly related to the speech center, by performing finger gymnastics - putting special puppets on your fingers, creating dramatizations while reciting poems and phrases with the sound being worked out. For example, when working on the phoneme [r], you can offer a preschooler a finger puppet-pig and ask him to grunt.

So that the child does not get tired, every 5-10 minutes of class, you should take a break and do breathing exercises. For example, "Dandelion" - take a deep breath with your nose, as if inhaling the scent of flowers, and then exhale with your mouth, as if blowing on a fluffy dandelion.

cognitive activities

Games for the development of speech should also be cognitive in nature. But parents are required to show creativity and get ready.

There are several options for such games.

• Pick up in advance several cards with illustrations that present words with a problematic sound (these can be animals, birds, vegetables, household items), and ask the child to name them, give brief description to complete his story. This will help both improve pronunciation and gain new information.
• "Guess." An adult hides some object whose name contains a sound being worked out (for example, if it is a phoneme [p], then you can hide a toy giraffe), after that he begins to name a number of characteristics for the baby: this is an animal with a long neck, spotted skin. The child's task is to guess the animal and try to pronounce its name.
• Working with pictures. The parent selects an illustration and thinks of an object on it, in the name of which there is a problematic sound, after which he begins to describe it. The task of the child is to understand what it is about, show in the picture and pronounce the name.

With the help of such exercises, preschoolers not only additionally practice pronunciation individual sounds but also learn new information about the world around them.

The importance of speech therapy lessons and their continuation at home should not be underestimated, since 5-6 years old is the time when a child can still solve most of the speech problems and start school on an equal basis with other children. If time is lost, then there is a risk that he will have a lot of difficulties in the future, up to various complexes and self-doubt.