Alchevsk square. City of Alchevsk. Modern Alchevsk is the backbone of the Luhansk region

History of the city of Alchevsk

Alchevsk is a city of regional subordination, a large industrial and cultural center of Donbass. As a working settlement Alchevsk arose in the mid-90s of the XIX century in connection with the construction of railway station Yuryevka (now Kommunarok station) of the metallurgical plant of the Donetsk-Yuryevsky Metallurgical Society (DYuMO).

The founder of the Donetsk-Yuryevsky plant, as well as the joint-stock company DUMO, was a well-known Ukrainian industrialist and banker, a merchant of the first guild, Aleksey Kirillovich Alchevsky. Advocate of the accelerated development of domestic industry, patriot native land, A.K. Alchevsky passionately loved Ukraine and its people, was a supporter of the education of the masses, donated significant funds to this noble cause. Unable to withstand competition with foreign companies dominating the Donbass and having gone bankrupt, Alchevsky committed suicide in 1901. The depreciated shares of the Donetsk-Yurievsky Society gradually concentrated in the hands of the Franco-Belgian capitalists.

In memory of the founder of the DUMO plant, the Yuryevka railway station, at the request of Russian industrialists, was renamed in 1903 into the Alchevskoye station. From the station got its name and factory village, which later turned into a city. In September 1996, Alchevsk celebrated its 100th anniversary. By this date, the local authorities decided to open a monument to A.K. Alchevsky in the city.

The name of the city has changed several times. In 1931, it began to be called Voroshilovsk - in honor of K.E. Voroshilov, who began his revolutionary activities here; in the 50s it was sometimes called Alchevsk, then Voroshilovsky; from 1961 to 1991 - Kommunarsky. On December 1, 1991, at a city referendum, the population voted for the return of the city's old name - Alchevsk. The will of the population was confirmed by the Presidium of the Supreme Council of Ukraine by its resolution of March 26, 1992. This act reflected and consolidated not only the merits of A.K. Alchevsky, but also his family, which was distinguished by democracy and education, played a significant role in public and cultural life our region and country.

Alchevsky's wife, Khristina Danilovna, was a prominent teacher and organizer of Sunday schools for adults in Ukraine; opened a women's shop in Kharkov Sunday school, which led for about 50 years; built at its own expense a school in the village of Alekseevka near Alchevsk, and provided assistance to a school in the village of Vasilievka (now the microdistrict of Alchevek). Khristina Danilovna enjoyed great prestige in pedagogical circles. When in 1910 the Yuryevsko-Diamond Society "Enlightenment" opened a secondary educational institution, its founders considered it their duty to report this to Khristina Danilovna. Alchevskaya replied with a warm letter: "To the depths of my soul touched by your attention and memory of me, I hasten to congratulate you on the opening of the Commercial School and wish you from the bottom of my heart the success and prosperity of your useful institution." Under the leadership of Kh.D. Alchevskaya, study guides, met with approval by the progressive public. In 1910 she was elected Vice President of the International League of Enlightenment.

Not one bright page in history national culture the children of the Alchevskys entered. Gregory is known as a Ukrainian and Russian teacher-vocalist and composer, Ivan is a world-famous singer, one of the most prominent representatives of Ukrainian and Russian musical culture, Nikolai is a theater critic and teacher, Khristina is a Ukrainian poetess, translator and teacher.

And if the city of metallurgists in the Donetsk steppe is called Alchevsk, then this name contains not only the name of the founder of the DUMO plant - the current Alchevsk Iron and Steel Works, but also a particle of all Alchevsk - talented representatives of the Ukrainian intelligentsia.

Alchevsk to late XIX- the beginning of the 20th century consisted mainly of barracks and barracks - the so-called Old Colony. The exception was the Administrative Colony with its stone houses for foreign specialists and the administration of the DUMO plant - also, in the majority, consisting of foreigners. The old colony had no running water (water was brought in barrels), no sewerage, no paved streets. Everywhere soot, coal, iron ore and slag dust, and in bad weather - impenetrable mud. According to the well-known metallurgist academician M.A. Pavlov, "everything here was miserable and gloomy, like in all other industrial settlements of the Donbass, which, by the way, were deprived of any greenery."

Over time, a new colony appeared, not much different from the old one. In 1913, out of 5,135 workers at the DUMO plant, more than 3,000 lived in barracks, 540 lived in barracks, and the rest lived in 270 "family houses".

The industrial settlement gradually expanded. On the eve of the First World War, up to 20 trading establishments, private warehouses of kerosene and oil, and a timber warehouse operated at the Alchevskoye station and in the neighboring village of Vasilyevka. Copper and iron casting workshops settled near Vasilievka, and a large slaughterhouse with a capacity of over 17 thousand heads of cattle per year was located at the plant.

The working conditions of the workers were extremely difficult. Hard physical labor prevailed at the metallurgical plant, almost everything was done by hand. The working day lasted 12 hours. The unbearable heat in the hot shops, drafts, unsanitary conditions, lack of safety measures led to mass diseases, injuries and deaths of metallurgists. More than five thousand workers and their families were served by three doctors, 5 paramedics, 3 midwives and 2 pharmacists. 40-50 percent of the workers in the main workshops could not read and write, and even more in the auxiliary workshops.

Difficult living and working conditions, complete political lack of rights could not but cause discontent and indignation of the working people. At first, these were spontaneous uprisings of a purely economic nature, and only gradually, little by little, did they turn into an organized political struggle against the existing autocratic system. In 1898, an underground social-democratic circle arose at the DUMO plant, led by the revolutionary foundry worker I.A. Galushka, and after his departure to Rostov, the young foundry crane operator K.E. Voroshilov. The workers of Alchevsk took an active part in three Russian revolutions.

In the course of the revolution of 1905-1907, the metallurgists elected the Delegate Assembly (Council of Workers' Deputies) to lead the fight against the tsar's henchmen, created a fighting squad, which included 2,000 people, a trade union, and a workers' cooperative. The delegate assembly, chaired by the founder D.K.Paranich, for some time led the whole life in Alchevsk.

In December 1905, the fighting squad of the Donetsk-Yuryevsky plant and the Alchevskoye station took part in the Gorlovsky armed uprising. The members of the Delegates' Assembly, foundryman I. A. Krotko and electric crane operator I. Miroshnichenko, commanded the fighting squad. Miroshnichenko was killed in a battle with the tsarist troops, and Krotko, sentenced to 15 years of hard labor, died in prison. Paranich received 8 years of hard labor,<милостиво>replaced by an eternal settlement in Eastern Siberia. The brutal reprisals did not intimidate the people. The fight continued. The thoroughly rotten tsarist autocracy fell in February 1917. populace gained long-awaited political freedoms. Social Democrats - Bolsheviks and Mensheviks, Socialist Revolutionaries (SRs), Ukrainian Social Democrats, anarchists, Bundists - Jewish Social Democrats entered the arena of political life in Alchevsk.

After the overthrow of tsarism, three forces fought for real power in Ukraine and the Donbass: representatives of the Provisional Government, the Soviets of Workers', Soldiers' and Peasants' Deputies, and the Ukrainian Central Rada. Such an interweaving of the three powers further confuses the already complex situation, in which it was difficult for a simple layman to understand. Alchevsk and the council, which was dominated by the Mensheviks and Socialist-Revolutionaries, spoke in favor of creating a homogeneous socialist government in the country - a coalition government with the participation of all socialist parties. Political discussions were interrupted by a new revolution - the October 1917 coup in Petrograd, when the II All-Russian Congress of Soviets overthrew the Provisional Government and proclaimed the power of the Soviets.

Alchevsk metallurgists welcomed the first decrees of the Soviet government and did not support the Ukrainian Central Rada. At the beginning of 1918, the Bolshevik organization numbered 450 people. She was opposed by about a thousand Mensheviks, Socialist-Revolutionaries, anarchists, Ukrainian Social Democrats and Bundists. The inter-party struggle escalated, there was a sharp demarcation of political forces. The same situation prevailed throughout the country. The overthrown classes did not want to lose their property and privileges. started Civil War exacerbated by foreign military intervention.

During the Civil War, the authorities in Alchevsk changed several times: on April 26, 1918, the Austro-German hordes entered the city, in December 1918 - the White Guard troops of General Krasnov, in the summer of 1919 - Denikin's troops. On December 26, 1919, Soviet power was established in the city (for the fourth or fifth time and now for a long time).

After the civil war, with the transition to a new economic policy, when there were no funds for the restoration of large enterprises, the Donetsk-Yuryevsky Metallurgical Plant on May 3, 1923 began to be mothballed. The closure of the plant led to a significant decrease in the population in Alchevsk. By the end of 1923, only 8 thousand inhabitants remained here. Small handicraft enterprises, mainly private and cooperative ones, are opening in Alchevsk. The most significant of them was the state plant for the repair and manufacture of agricultural implements.<Земоруд>, which had a foundry, blacksmith and machine shops.

In 1925, the Donetsk-Yuryevsky Metallurgical Plant was removed from mothballing, and at the beginning of 1926 one of the blast furnaces was restored here (the blast furnace shop had been standing since 1918 - since the German occupation), and soon the construction of new powerful blast furnaces and other objects.

A big event in the life of the city was the construction of a coke plant. Initially, it was created as a coke shop of a metallurgical plant, and in 1929 it became an independent enterprise. Light and food industries emerged.

The city grew along with the enterprise. If in 1926 its population was 16 thousand people, by 1939 it had grown to 55 thousand. Since 1932, the construction of multi-storey buildings began, water supply and sewerage appeared. The city's housing stock exceeded 160,000 square meters in pre-war 1940 (versus 38,000 square meters in 1913). The city was improved, landscaped, the area of ​​green plantations reached 200 hectares. Public education and health care developed rapidly. In 1937, the construction of the city hospital was completed - a complex with 200 beds. The network of cultural and educational institutions has grown significantly. But the fascist invasion prevented the implementation of new plans.

With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War thousands of Alchevsk volunteers declared their desire to fight the Nazi invaders. About 10 thousand people who were not subject to conscription into the army due to age or condition, joined the people's militia; enterprises of the city restructured work on a war footing. The metallurgical plant, despite the bombing, provided metal for the front.

In connection with the danger of the capture of the city by the Nazis, the equipment of the metallurgical and coke-chemical plants was taken to the Urals, Kuzbass and Uzbekistan. On July 12, 1942, Alchevsk was occupied by the Nazi invaders. For almost 14 months, the Nazis committed monstrous atrocities, exposing the population to robberies and bullying. The inhabitants of Alchevsk bravely fought on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War. Hero Titles Soviet Union awarded: participant in the heroic defense of Sevastopol, private P.N. Lipovenko (posthumously), officers N.A. Babanin, V.I. Kiselev (posthumously), V.I. Nedbaev, V.S. Snesarev.

Retreating under pressure Soviet army On the night of September 1, 1943, fascist executioners took 83 people out of the Gestapo prison, threw them into a pit and, pouring gasoline over them, burned them alive.

On September 2, 1943, the 315th Rifle Division of the 51st Army of the Southern Front under the command of Colonel D.S. Kuropatenko and unit 91 rifle division Colonel I.M. Pashkov liberated Alchevsk from fascist invaders. The liberators faced a picture of terrible destruction. The damage inflicted on the city and its enterprises amounted to a huge sum of 523 million rubles at that time.

Immediately after the liberation of the city, its restoration began. It was necessary not only to restore industrial enterprises, but also to reconstruct them on the basis of the latest achievements of science and technology. Envoys from many regions of Ukraine, the Chelyabinsk restoration detachment, arrived to help Alchevsk residents, a specialized construction and installation trust "Alchevskstroy" was created.

Restoration work was carried out at an accelerated pace. Already at the beginning of 1944, the metallurgical plant produced the first cast iron and steel smelting. By the first anniversary of the liberation of Alchevsk, a coke battery was put into operation at the coking plant. During the years of the first post-war five-year plan (1946-1950), the pre-war level of industrial production was reached and surpassed. This opened up the prospect of further development of the city's economy. Essentially, new enterprises have grown up in place of the old ones, and with them new town. Large enterprises of the construction industry appeared on the map of the city - factories of construction and reinforced concrete products, large-panel housing construction, building materials, slag processing and others. The rapid development of industry led to an increase in the population and, accordingly, the construction of housing, schools, hospitals and clinics, trade and public catering enterprises, and consumer services. To meet the needs of the population, a bakery, a dairy, a clothing and haberdashery factory, a factory for household goods, various household workshops, etc. were built. Alchevsk was enriched with palaces of culture, libraries, cinemas, stadiums, sports halls, and other social and cultural institutions.

As a working settlement, Alchevsk arose in the mid-90s of the 19th century in connection with the construction of a metallurgical plant at the Yuryevka railway station (now Kommunarsk station).

The station began to function in 1878, and the city was founded in 1896.

The basis of the future city was a small village at the Yuryevka station and the nearby village of Vasilyevka and the Dolzhik farm, located on the territory of the Vasilyevsky volost of the Slavyanoserbsky district of the Yekaterinoslav province.

The founder of the plant was a well-known industrialist, banker, merchant Alexei Kirillovich Alchevsky.

The name of the city has changed several times. Alchevsk, Voroshilovsk, Kommunarsk, Alchevsk. Justice has triumphed, and now the city rightfully bears the name of its founder.

In addition to A. K. Alchevskiy, a significant contribution to the life of the city was made by the wife of the industrialist Khristina Danilovna Alchevskaya, who was an enlightened and intelligent woman, a Ukrainian poetess. Kh. D. Alchevskaya carried out great charitable activities, opened a women's Sunday school in Kharkov, built a school in the village of Alekseevka at her own expense, and provided assistance to the school in the village of Vasilievka. In addition to charity, she did a lot of educational work, and also wrote poetry. She enjoyed great respect not only in Ukraine, but also abroad. Kh. D. Alchevskaya as a teacher won fame for her innovation. The manuals created by her were approved by the progressive public of Ukraine, Russia, and France. For these works, she was awarded awards.

The children of Alchevsky also wrote bright pages in the national culture.

Gregory is known as a teacher-vocalist and composer, Ivan was a world-famous singer, Khristina, the daughter of the Alchevskys, was a Ukrainian poetess, translator and teacher.

Initially, the city consisted of the Old and New colonies, this is the area of ​​​​the House of Technology (the former Palace of Culture named after Karl Marx) to Menzhinskaya Street. It was a dirty city, without running water, lighting and paved streets.

Over the years, the city has grown and developed.

The working and living conditions of the workers were extremely difficult, so they were forced to protest. In 1898, an underground social-democratic circle arose, which, after leaving for Rostov, I.A. Galushka, was led by the crane operator of the foundry K.E. Voroshilov, the future Marshal of the Soviet Union. The city bore his name for some time.

Beginning in 1905, workers went on strike. After the revolution in 1917, a heavy bloody civil war began. For two years, the power in the city changed five times. The Austro-German and White Guard hordes of Generals Krasnov and Denikin entered the city. After the revolution and the civil war, famine and terrible devastation set in, which drove people to despair, they died, died and fled, but under conditions of ineffective military communism, they began to recover National economy and the number of residents of the city increased, and in 1926 it reached the pre-revolutionary number, that is, 16 thousand people, and by 1939 it had grown to 55 thousand. There was a time when 129 thousand people lived in the city, and now only 118 thousand.

Hard times came with the beginning of the Great Patriotic War. The enterprises of the city were forced to switch to the production of military products, and as the Nazi troops approached the city, the equipment of the factories, together with qualified workers, was evacuated to the Urals.

The most valuable equipment was evacuated, which could be easily dismantled and loaded onto railway platforms. On July 12, 1942, the Germans entered the city and inflicted great damage. After the liberation of the city, everything had to be rebuilt.

The inhabitants of Alchevsk bravely fought on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War, many of them did not return home, some of our citizens received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, these are: N.A. Babanin, V.I. Nedbaev, V.S. Snesarev, and P.N. Lipovenko and V.I. Kiselev (posthumously). A terrible crime during the occupation of our city was committed by the Nazis, who burned 83 of our compatriots alive in a pit. Later, Heroes of the Soviet Union worked in the city, such as I.S. Deputatov, M.E. Lugovskoy, V.I. Chemodurov.

After the war, the city began not only to recover from devastation, but also to rapidly expand in an easterly direction.

Now the city is located on 50 square kilometers. Once upon a time there were wild steppes along which hordes of wild tribes of Sarmatians, Huns, Scythians, Polovtsy and others rushed for centuries and millennia.

In geological terms, the site on which the city is located is a synclinal folding with different angles of incidence of sedimentary rocks, compressed over hundreds of millions of years into various conglomerates of shale, sandy and other rocks, under which there are coal seams of the Carboniferous period, which is more than for 250 million years. It is thanks to the presence of fertile lands, coal seams, favorable conditions for the life of people in this territory that such a developed network of settlements was formed. And now our city continues to grow, although not as fast as we would like.

Now the city is located on 50 square kilometers and has more than 250 streets, the names of which are somehow connected with the inhabitants of our city.

Everyone knows that our plant is the city-forming enterprise of Alchevsk. Many years ago, there were separate villages - Vasilyevka, Zhilovka ... It was among them that at the end of the 19th century the first blast furnace of the Donetsk-Yuryevsky Metallurgical Society was built and launched, which laid the foundation for a huge enterprise, now called JSC "AMK". Over the course of a century, the plant grew, and the city grew with it.

In architecture, there is such a thing as a "creeping center" - along with the growth of the city, its central part also moves away from the plant, which improves the ecological situation in the city. At the beginning of the 20th century, Schmidt Street was the center. It was here that the house of the plant director and the board building were located. Later, May 1 Street became the center. Old-timers remember how on holidays all the youth of the city came running to the May Day park. The next stage is Lenin Avenue. It was here that all the solemn events of the city took place: parades on May 1st and 9th, on November 7th. Here the city "saluted" in honor of all the outstanding dates of the country. And who created this once city center? It turns out that words of gratitude for our prospectus should be addressed to Leonid Ivanovich Fedosov, the chief architect of the city of Voroshilovsk, and, after renaming, of the city of Kommunarsk. He headed the architectural department of the city for 32 (!) years! It was he who was the soul of this project. But the material side was given to the main customer - the Voroshilov Metallurgical Plant represented by its director - Pyotr Arsenievich Gmyria. These are the two "pillars" of the history of the creation of Lenin Avenue.

By the way, initially, the avenue had a different name. In all design documents it is called "Kuibyshev Street". It was later decided that the House of Culture of Khimika would divide this street into two parts: Kuibyshev Street itself and Prospekt Mira? Why Mira? Design time - the beginning of the 50s - the time of the country's recovery after such a difficult Great Patriotic War. And what was the life of the country at that time? Only one - World! Faith that this horror will never happen again.

When designing the prospectus, various decorative elements were used. Even now, carefully examining the wall molding, one can see vases, leaves, the remains of "bumps" on the corners of buildings. It was with the help of these elements that each house was different from each other and was, in its own way, unique. It was these elements that made it possible to call Lenin Avenue "little Leningrad". Now most of these elements are partially or completely destroyed. And the restoration, alas, is too expensive ...

At the end of the 70s, a new street in the Vostochny microdistrict got its name in honor of the legendary director of the plant, Pyotr Gmyria.

He headed the enterprise in 1937 and was, perhaps, the youngest of all the directors of our plant (Peter Arsentievich was 32 years old at the time of his appointment). Under the leadership of Gmyria, the plant mastered the production of new types of products: ferromanganese, mirror cast iron, various types of steel (by the beginning of the war, the production of special and high-quality steels amounted to 85% of the total steel production). In June of the 41st, the production of military products was launched at the enterprise literally in a matter of days. After the very first air raid, thanks to the outstanding organizational skills of the young director, it was possible, in a fairly record time, to dismantle the main equipment and evacuate the plant to the Urals. In the evacuation, Gmyrya was appointed director of the Magnitogorsk Calibration Plant, but immediately after the liberation of Voroshilovsk, Pyotr Arsentievich returned. Under his leadership, the enterprise rose from the ruins, and then was completely reconstructed. Gmyrya headed the plant for a quarter of a century. A non-Alchevsk citizen by birth, he sincerely loved our city and did a lot for it: the name of Gmyria is associated with the emergence of new modern quarters of Alchevsk and a new type of transport - trolleybuses, the construction of cultural institutions and the Stal stadium, the foundation of a mining and metallurgical institute.

In 1978, a memorial plaque was installed on the first fourteen-story building. Previously, one could read on it: "The street is named after Pyotr Arsentievich Gmyria, Hero of Socialist Labor, an honorary citizen of the city of Kommunarsk, who worked as the director of a metallurgical plant from 1937 to 1962." Today, only a bas-relief of the director remains on the memorial plaque, the letters have long since crumbled. Is it possible that human memory and gratitude turned out to be short-lived than the inscription?

In the city there is another place associated with the Voroshilovites with the name Gmyri, the house of the plant director on Sportivnaya Street, which, according to eyewitnesses, Pyotr Arsentyevich built with his own hands. After the descendants of Gmyria moved to Kyiv for permanent residence, they sold the house to a private person. Alas, neither they nor the city had a desire to create a house-museum of the legendary director.

The city of Alchevsk is located on the territory of the state (country) Ukraine, which in turn is located on the territory of the continent Europe.

In which region (oblast) is the city of Alchevsk located?

The city of Alchevsk is part of the region (oblast) Lugansk region.

A characteristic of a region (region) or a subject of a country is the possession of the integrity and interconnection of its constituent elements, including cities and other settlements that are part of the region (region).

Region (oblast) Lugansk region is an administrative unit of the state of Ukraine.

The population of the city of Alchevsk.

The population in the city of Alchevsk is 118,611 people.

Year of foundation of Alchevsk.

Year of foundation of the city of Alchevsk: 1895.

Telephone code of the city of Alchevsk

Telephone code city ​​of Alchevsk: +380 6442. In order to call the city of Alchevsk from mobile phone, you need to dial the code: +380 6442 and then directly the subscriber's number.

Roads. The territory of the city - 50 sq. km, the population is about 115 thousand people.

The city of Alchevsk bears the name of its founder - industrialist, entrepreneur, banker and philanthropist Alexei Kirillovich Alchevsky, who was the founder and main shareholder of the Donetsk-Yuryevsky Metallurgical Society (DYUMO), which in the 1890s built a metallurgical plant - now it is the Alchevsk Iron and Steel Works.

The metallurgical plant founded by DUMO at that time was the only metallurgical enterprise in Ukraine built with domestic capital, and was the largest enterprise in Donbass.

However, during the economic crisis of the early 20th century, the plant could not withstand competition from foreign companies dominating the Donbass. Having received a refusal from the tsarist government to receive a loan, Alexei Alchevsky committed suicide by throwing himself under a train in St. Petersburg, and the DUMO shares that depreciated after his death were transferred to Franco-Belgian companies.

In memory of the founder of the DYuMO, the Yuryevka railway station, founded on May 26, 1895, was renamed Alchevskoye station in 1903, from which the factory village got its name, which eventually turned into a city.

The population of the city consisted mainly of workers of the metallurgical plant - local and visiting foreign specialists (Germans, French, Belgians), skilled metallurgists invited from other factories, landless peasants from nearby provinces.

However, the name of the city changed several times, so in 1932 Alchevskoe again changed its status and name, turning into the city of Voroshilovsk, named after the famous Soviet statesman K. Voroshilov, who began his career at the DUMO plant, and from 1961 to 1991 the city was called Kommunarsk.

After the declaration of independence by Ukraine, at a referendum held on December 1, 1991, the population of the city spoke in favor of returning the old historical name to the city - Alchevsk, but the name of the railway station remained the same - Kommunarsk.

Today Alchevsk is a multinational large modern city, with developed infrastructure, roads, hospitals, schools, universities, new neighborhoods, there are trolleybus routes. Alchevsk produces a quarter of the industrial output of the Luhansk region. The basis of the city's industrial potential is OJSC "Alchevsk Metallurgical Plant" and OJSC "Alchevsk Coke and Chemical Plant", which employ over 20 thousand people.

At the beginning of 2006, Alchevsk became infamous due to the catastrophe of urban infrastructure, known as the "Alchevsk tragedy", which has become synonymous with manifestations of the catastrophic state of urban infrastructure.

On January 22, 2006, the largest technological disaster in Ukraine, the heating systems in the city were almost completely defrosted, because, despite the 30 ° frost and the cessation of heating due to the rupture of the main highway leading from the CHP to the city, the water was not drained from the pipes, so the frozen water tore them.

Left without heating, the residents of Alchevsk tried to heat themselves with electricity and gas, but, unable to withstand the load, the power grid was first stopped, and then the gas network. A few days later, due to the absence warm water, the sewer systems were also frozen. The city was left without a heating system, sewerage, electricity and gas supply - more than 100 thousand people were in "ice captivity".

In Alchevsk it was proclaimed emergency on a national scale, hundreds of children with teachers were evacuated to resorts and hotels in the warm regions of Ukraine, and under the leadership of the Ukrainian government, several thousand rescuers, military and railway workers from different regions of Ukraine and even Russia helped Alchevsk cope with the disaster.

temperate continental

Official language Population Agglomeration National composition Confessional composition demonym

alchevets, alchevets

Timezone Telephone code Postal codes car code KOATUU Official site

work settlement

As a working settlement, Alchevsk arose in the mid-90s of the 19th century in connection with the construction near the Yuryevka railway station of the Yekaterininsky railway (now the Kommunarsk station) of the metallurgical plant of the Donetsk-Yuryevsky Metallurgical Society ( DUMO).

The founder of the Donetsk-Yuryevsky plant - the current one, as well as the joint-stock company DUMO, was a Ukrainian industrialist and banker, a merchant of the first guild Aleksey Kirillovich Alchevsky. The DUMO plant founded by him was at that time the only metallurgical enterprise in Ukraine built on domestic capital.

During the acute economic crisis of the early 20th century, unable to withstand competition with the foreign companies that dominated the Donbass, and having received a refusal from the tsarist government for a request for a loan, A. K. Alchevsky on May 7, 1901 threw himself under a train at the Tsarskoselsky railway station in St. Petersburg. Depreciated after the death of Alchevsky, DUMO shares were concentrated in the hands of Franco-Belgian companies.

In memory of the founder of the DUMO plant, the Yuryevka station, at the request of Russian industrialists, was renamed in 1903 into the Alchevskoye station. From the station, the factory village also received its name, which gradually turned into a city.

Yurievka - Alchevskoe - Voroshilovsk - Kommunarsk - Alchevsk

The village of Yuryevka, which grew to a settlement, was renamed Alchevskoye in 1903 in memory of the founder of the DYUMO.

After the revolution of 1917 and the establishment of Soviet power in Ukraine on the site of the former working settlement of Yuryevka, which included the station settlement of Alchevskoe, Administrative, Old and New colonies, in 1920 the territory of the pre-war city was preliminarily determined, which in 1931 received the name Voroshilovsk in honor of the famous Soviet statesman K. E. Voroshilov, who began his labor and revolutionary activities at the DUMO plant.

In 1932, the village of Vasilyevka, the village of Zhilovka and the Dolzhik farm were included in the city. Within the boundaries of this development, the territory of the pre-war city was determined with the center at the intersection of Zavodskaya, May 1st, T. G. Shevchenko and K. Marx streets.

For the first time post-war years the construction of new territories began according to the master plan for the development of the city of Voroshilovsk. On the streets of Naberezhnaya and Gorky, 3 and 4-storey residential and public buildings, the stadium "Stal" and the "Metallurg" complex, the project of which was awarded a diploma at the all-Ukrainian competition, were built.

Since 1953, mass building began, and since 1957 - industrial building of avenues and microdistricts. The city completely changed its appearance, and with it its name changed. From 1961 to 1991 the city was called Kommunarsk.

After the declaration of independence by Ukraine, at the city referendum held on December 1, 1991, the population spoke in favor of returning the old historical name to the city - Alchevsk.

Metallurgy is the basis of Alchevsk

Monument "Metallurg"

The population of the developing city consisted mainly of workers of the metallurgical plant - local and newcomers. These were foreign specialists (Germans, French, Belgians), skilled metallurgical workers invited from Yuzovsky, Bryansk (Yekaterinoslav) and other factories, and landless peasants from nearby provinces.

Revolution, civil war, plant conservation

The workers of Alchevsk took an active part in the revolution of 1905-1907, but the uprising was defeated. In the -1920s, the power in Alchevsk changed several times. On April 26, 1918, Austro-German troops entered the city, in December 1918 - the White Cossacks of General Krasnov, in the summer - Denikin's troops. Between them, the Bolsheviks took power. On December 26, 1919, Soviet power was finally established in the city.

Along with the enterprises, the city also grew. If in 1926 its population was 16,000, by 1939 it had grown to 55,000.

Voroshilovsk (later - Kommunarsk) became a regional center and retained this status until 1965, when the regional center was transferred to the city of Perevalsk, and Kommunarsk became a city of regional significance.

The Great Patriotic War

Monument to those who died in the Great Patriotic War

Monument to the metallurgists who died during the Second World War

National composition: 56.4% (64046 people) - Ukrainians, 40.8% (46331) - Russians, the remaining 2.8% of the inhabitants (3179 people) - Belarusians, Tatars, Jews, Armenians, Moldovans, Poles, Gypsies, Georgians and representatives of other nationalities. (Zahalny atlas of the Lugansk region)

Industry

Modern Alchevsk is a large industrial center of the Luhansk region. The main industries of Alchevsk are metallurgical and coke-chemical industries. The building materials, electromechanical, construction, light and food industries are also developed. Currently, 17 industrial enterprises operate in the city, including:

• Alchevsk Iron and Steel Works ( PJSC "AMK") website ;
• Alchevsk Coke Plant ( JSC "Alchevskkoks");
• LLC "Metals and polymers" - a plant for applying polymer to galvanized steel
• LLC "Plant of steel shot" - a plant for the production of steel shot

In addition, enterprises of the light and food industries, transport, and services operate in the city.

Construction companies of the city:

• Trust "Alchevskstroy" (former trust "Kommunarskstroy");
• Private company "AlchevskStroyService"

The budget execution report for 2007 was approved in the amount of UAH 237,357.90 thousand.

City budget revenues for 2008 were approved in the amount of UAH 236221.65 thousand, including UAH 8741.3 thousand to be transferred to the state budget of Ukraine.

Transport

Urban

Passenger traffic on city routes is provided by:

• buses, fixed-route taxis.

Historically, the trolleybus is a "trendsetter" in the passenger transportation of the city of Alchevsk. In the late 90s, private buses and minibuses were added to the trolleybus. The routes of buses and fixed-route taxis duplicate trolleybus routes and, not always, have minor additions and deviations.

As in the vast majority of Ukrainian cities, fixed-route taxis are a huge competitor to electric transport, including “unclean” ones, specifically cutting off trolleybuses. A vivid example in Alchevsk was that minibuses often set off from the final stop just before the trolley bus and so move along the entire route, collecting solvent passengers. All this is the result of the unsatisfactory work of the regulatory authorities (with the "submission" of the city authorities)

Until recently, the numbers of bus routes and fixed-route taxis coincided with the numbers of trolleybus routes. But, recently, the route numbers of "law-abiding" fixed-route taxis have become two-digit (the first digit determines the final one in a residential area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe city with high-rise buildings, and the second - in an industrial area.), According to which one can only guess which route the trolleybus is "tied" to ". This creates inconvenience for some residents and frequent visitors to the city, who are used to navigating along trolleybus routes.

The fare in trolleybuses is 1 hryvnia, in fixed-route taxis and buses - 2 hryvnia, on the route "Alchevsk - Perevalsk" (in the city) - 1.25.

trolleybus

Trolleybus number 376 on the street. Gmyri, route number 6

Trolley bus number 326 on the street. Gorky, route number 4

The basis of urban transport is the trolleybus. Trolleybus traffic was opened in 1954, Alchevsk was the first in this aspect in the Lugansk region, and to this day the trolleybus network of the city of Alchevsk remains one of the best in the region and Ukraine.

Payment for travel in trolleybuses is made by buying a coupon from the driver or in kiosks and shops in the city and obligatory composting it.

Operating trolleybus routes as of 2011:

• No. 1 - Quarter 58 - Chemical plant
• No. 3 - Railway station - Bus station
• No. 4 - Depot 2 - Rental
• No. 5 - AZSK - concrete goods 11
• No. 6 - Prospect Metallurgists - Chemical Plant
• No. 8 - Block 58 - Railway station
• No. 9 - Volgogradskaya Street - Rental
• No. 10 - Railway station - Administrative settlement
• No. 11 - Volgogradskaya Street - Khimzavod

There are also backup routes No. 5a.

Buses and fixed-route taxis

Until November 2008 numbers bus routes coincided with the numbers of trolleybuses, and there was a paradoxical situation when the number of fixed-route taxis was one, for example, number 8, and the actual number of routes was about 15-20. This numbering is inefficient, although the residents of the city are very accustomed to it. Since November 2008, routes have been given their own numbers, but not all drivers conscientiously observe this numbering, but leave the old one. In addition to shuttle buses, there are buses of the metallurgical plant that transport workers to workshops where there is no public transport, as well as special routes of AlchevskPasTrans.

Bus and minibus routes

Route number	Final stops
4	Sports goods - AMK rental
7	Sports goods - m-on Vasilievka
9	st. Volgograd - Rent AMK
11	st. Sarmatskaya - sq. K. Marx
13	st. Sarmatskaya - Market - Bus station
15	st. Sarmatskaya - railway station
16	st. Sarmatskaya (actually up to Metallurgists Ave.) - Alchevskkoks (Chemical Plant)
17	st. Sarmatskaya - m-he Vasilievka
19	st. Sarmatskaya - Rental AMK
21	st. Volgograd - pl. K. Marx
26	st. Volgogradskaya - Alchevskkoks (Chemical plant)
27	st. Volgogradskaya (actually up to Sporting Goods) - m-on Vasilievka
28	st. Volgogradskaya - Railway station
30	Sports goods - pos. Briquette (actually to the railway station)
31	Sports goods - pl. K. Marx
31a	Tubedispenser - Sports goods - pl. K. Marx
33	Sports goods - Market - Bus station (actually to Marx square)
33a	st. Filatov - sq. Marx
34	Sports goods - Railway station
36	Sports goods (actually from Metallurgists Ave.) - Alchevskkoks (Chemical Plant)
38	Sports goods - st. Krupskaya (actually to the railway station)
41	st. Dunaujvaroshskaya - sq. K. Marx
43	st. Dunaujvaroska - Railway station
47	st. Dunaujvaroshskaya - m-he Vasilievka

• Minibus taxi drivers do not fully comply with the routes, so the real final destinations are indicated in brackets
• Italic routes are indicated that legally exist, but actually do not

Suburban

Suburban transportation is mainly carried out by buses:

• bus station near the central market;
• fixed-route taxis to the cities of Bryanka and Stakhanov from Gorky Street (the area of ​​the central market);
• buses and fixed-route taxis to the Isakovskoye reservoir from the ring of Metallurgov Ave., st. Gmyri.

Bus station No. 2 in the area of ​​the central market, according to the general plan of the city, is planned to be moved to a new location 200-300 meters from the current one in the future.

Intercity

Intercity passenger transportation:

• Train Station- Kommunarsk station of the Donetsk railway;
• bus station located near the highway M-04 Znamenka - Lugansk - Izvarino (to Volgograd, through Dnepropetrovsk, Donetsk)
  • bus service with the cities of Dnepropetrovsk, Donetsk, Zaporozhye, Luhansk, Kyiv, Rostov-on-Don, Severodonetsk, Kharkov, etc.;
• fixed-route taxis to the city of Lugansk from the ring of Metallurgov Avenue and from Gorky Street (the area of ​​the central market), to Donetsk from the ring of st. Gmyri;
• heliport next to the plant management of the Alchevsk Iron and Steel Works - works for individuals.

prospects

• instead of the existing bus station, located on the territory of Perevalsk, it is planned to build a new one 400-500 meters from the M04 highway at the intersection of Sarmatskaya and Volgogradskaya streets.
• The railway station is planned to be moved towards Lugansk (in the village of Karpaty, approx. 5 km).

Education

Preschool education

• 25 preschool educational institutions.

Secondary education

For coordination, methodological assistance to schools, inspection educational process bringing to heads of schools ministerial curricula department was created public education.

Before the revolution, there were 2 schools in the city, this is a zemstvo school in the village of Vasilyevka, the building of which has been preserved (although now the building houses private house) and a solid school number 1 on the bank of the School Pond. After the revolution, school No. 2 was built on Zavodskaya Street, later it housed the Kraton plant, and school No. 3 on Gorky Street. The rest of the schools were built after the war, in the 50s - early. 90s

Since 2000, the department of public education has been headed by Kolosovskaya Elena Nikolaevna.

Currently, the city has:

• 8 secondary schools;
• 2 educational complexes;
• 1 private school;
• 2 secondary specialized schools:
  • with in-depth study foreign language from the first class;
  • with in-depth study of subjects of the physical and mathematical cycle;

• 4 gymnasiums:
  • Alchevsk gymnasium ( AG) website (until 2009 - multidisciplinary MG);
  • Alchevsk Ukrainian humanitarian gymnasium ( AUGG);
  • Alchevsk socio-economic gymnasium ( ASEG);
  • Alchevsk Information Technology Gymnasium ( AITG);
• Interschool training and production plant ( IAPC).

Out-of-school education

• 2 music schools;
• 1 art school;
• 2 sports schools;
• Alchevsk Center for Children and Youth Creativity ( ATSDUT);
• Alchevsk Center for Scientific and Technical Creativity of Students ( ATSNTTUM);
• Alchevsk Center for Ecological and Naturalistic Creativity of Students ( ATSENTUM);
• Alchevsk Children and Youth Center for Tourism, Excursions and Local History ( ADUCTEK);
• Alchevsk Yacht Club ( AJAC).

Vocational education

• Alchevsk Professional Metallurgical Lyceum ( APML);
• Alchevsk Professional Trade and Culinary Lyceum ( APTCL);
• Higher Vocational School No. 40 ( TLU № 40);
• Industrial College ( IT DonGTU).

Higher education

culture

Fountain near the House of Chemists

• City Historical Museum;
• Geological and mineralogical museum;
• Museum of the history of the metallurgical plant;
• Museum of the History of the Coke Plant;
• University History Museum;
• Three palaces of culture:
  • Palace of Culture of Metallurgists (DK named after Ilyich),
  • DK Chemists,
  • TsDYUT (DK Builders);
• Three cinemas:
  • Cinema "Mir"
  • cinema "Metallurg" (architectural monument, not functioning);
  • cinema in the shopping center "Stolitsa" 3rd floor (opened at the end of 2009)
• Alchevsk centralized library system website;
  • Library network.

Landmarks

Sport

media

Printed publications

• PartyZone magazine - glossy magazine high level, which introduces the reader to the club life of the whole world, with the stars of show business, the latest in music and literature, and much more. The uniqueness of the publication is given by the heading "Paparazzi", in which visitors to various nightclubs can find their photos from parties.
• "Alchevsk: city and people" is a full-color glossy magazine published since 2007, which does not have a clear release schedule.
• quasi-cultural magazine "HOH".

• "Vzglyad" - analytical publication
• "Nedelya" - regional information and advertising weekly
• "Lights" (formerly "Lights of Communism") - the official city socio-political newspaper
• Official Bulletin of the Alchevsk City Council (supplement to the newspaper "OGNI")
• "For metal" - the newspaper of JSC "AMK".
• "Impulse" - DonSTU newspaper
• "MART" - weekly newspaper
• "Blagovest" is a regional educational religious and moral newspaper. Comes out with the blessing of the rector of the Orthodox St. Nicholas Church in the city of Alchevsk, Priest Alexander Ustimenko
• "Delu-Vremya" - free advertising and information publication
• "Press window"
• "Real Estate of Alchevsk and the region" - information and advertising weekly
• "Vecherny Alchevsk" - weekly newspaper

Radio

• Alchevsk city broadcasting office - broadcasting 1/4 hour a day from 6:30 to 6:45. Moderator: Tatyana Maksimova, Inna Leonchuk

Programs: Studio of young reporters, Deputy at the microphone, Calendar of Orthodoxy and others...

A television

ethereal

• "ASKET" - edition of the city television - broadcasting - four hours a day on the 12th channel (the rest of the time on the channel is broadcast by "STB")
• Previously, there was "ATM" (Alchevsk television metallurgists).

cable

• LLC "Alchevsk Telecommunication Systems", former ATRK "Pyramid" (part of the Volya group of companies)
• Cable TV Luhansk Region LLC (KTL)

twin cities

Notes

1. Registration card of the city of Alchevsk, Luhansk region. on the server of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (ukr.)
2. http://www.lugastat.lg.ua/sinf/demograf/demog1212_1.php
3. Report for 2008 (ukr.) of the Department for State-Confessional Relations and Ensuring Freedom of Conscience of the State Committee of Ukraine for Nationalities and Religions
4. Great Russian Encyclopedia: In 30 volumes / Chairman of the scientific-ed. Council Yu. S. Osipov. Rep. ed. S. L. Kravets. T. 1. A - Questioning. - M.: Great Russian Encyclopedia, 2005. - 766 p.: ill.: maps.
5. Railways of Donbass
6. Brief geographical encyclopedia, Volume 1 / Ch.ed. Grigoriev A. A. M .: Soviet Encyclopedia - 1960, p. 564
7. Head office of statistics in the Luhansk region. Number of population as of 1st spring 2010 and the average for this month-September 2010 (Ukrainian)