Airborne troops message. Airborne troops. Text version. School abstract. Airborne Troops (VDV)

Airborne Troops (VDV) - a branch of the Armed Forces, which is a means of the Supreme High Command and is designed to cover the enemy by air and perform tasks in his rear to disrupt command and control, capture and destroy ground elements of high-precision weapons, disrupt the advancement and deployment of reserves, violate the work of the rear and communications, as well as covering (defending) certain directions, areas, open flanks, blocking and destroying airborne assault forces, enemy groupings that have broken through, and performing other tasks. AT Peaceful time Airborne troops carry out the main tasks of maintaining combat and mobilization readiness at a level that ensures their successful use for their intended purpose.

3.3 Structure of the Airborne Forces

The structure of the airborne troops includes:

Central governing body (headquarters)

Connections

Subdivisions

Institutions

Starting from pre-war times, since 1939, a lot of funds were allocated for the development of airborne troops. Time was devoted to the development of theories of their use in combat and the improvement of technical means. To the beginning of the Great Patriotic War the paratroopers already had some combat experience. In 1939, the 212th Airborne Brigade took part in the victory over the Japanese. In 1940, during the Soviet-Finnish War, three more airborne brigades were in action. As a result of these battles, by 1940, new states were created, consisting of parachute, glider and landing groups.

By 1941, airborne squads had been established, numbering over 10,000 men per corps.

On September 14, 1941, according to the order of the commissar, the general directorate of the Airborne Forces was turned into the Directorate of the Command of the Red Army Airborne Forces. Themselves, the formations of the Airborne Forces were no longer subordinate to the front commanders, but were directly subordinate to the commander of the Airborne Forces.

In the counter-offensives near Moscow, many military operations were carried out, in which the airborne forces played a leading role. Among these operations, the Vyazemsky airborne operation, the Manchurian strategic operation should be singled out.

In 1944, the structure of the airborne troops underwent changes. Being transformed into a separate Guards Airborne Army, the Airborne Forces entered the long-range aviation departments. A year later, this army was reorganized, and on its basis a new airborne department was created, which was subordinate to the chief commander of the air force.

In 1946, the Airborne Forces were transferred to the ground forces THE USSR. They were directly subordinate to the Minister of Defense of the USSR.

In 1956, several airborne units took part in military events in Hungary, as well as near Prague and Bratislava.

In the post-war period, in the improvement of the Airborne Forces, the greatest attention was paid to increasing the effectiveness of firepower and the maneuverability of personnel. A lot of aircraft models were created with the help of which the delivery and landing of troops was carried out. These were: armored vehicles (BMD, BTR-D), artillery systems (ACS - 57 and so on), automotive equipment (GAZ - 66). New parachute delivery systems were created for different types of weapons. It should be noted that in the USSR, for the first time in the world, the Airborne Forces appeared, which had their own armored vehicles.

In 1979, the units adapted for combat in the mountainous desert areas were hastily disbanded. This was a miscalculation, since a brigade was sent to Afghanistan, whose representatives did not have the experience to conduct combat operations in these geographical conditions.

Closer to the mid-80s, the composition of the USSR Airborne Forces included 7 airborne squads, plus three additional separate regiments.

In addition to the paratrooper units, there were also air assault units. They were subordinate to the commanders of the military districts. The impetus for their creation was a rethinking of the tactics of fighting the enemy in the event of a large-scale war. The main emphasis was placed on the implementation of mass landings behind enemy lines and, as a result, the disorganization of the enemy's defense.

One airborne division, one airborne assault division, two airborne assault battalions and one airborne regiment took part in the war in Afghanistan from the USSR. But, it is impossible to call the results of the use of airborne forces successful. The relief of the mountainous area turned out to be very difficult. And the investment of large funds was not entirely justified.

The most significant event in the period after the Second World War for the USSR Airborne Forces was the landing in Afghanistan as part of the Panjshir operation in 1982. Only during the first 3 days almost 4,000 people were landed and the territory was quickly taken under control.

After 1982, for 4 years, all standard aircraft armored vehicles were replaced with armored vehicles for motorized rifle brigades. This is justified, first of all, by the relative commonality of tasks for paratroopers and motorized rifle divisions. To increase firepower, additional tank and artillery formations were introduced into the Airborne Forces.

Airborne troops
(VDV)

From the history of creation

The history of the Russian Airborne Forces is inextricably linked with the history of the creation and development of the Red Army. Marshal made a great contribution to the theory of the combat use of airborne assault forces. Soviet Union M.N. Tukhachevsky. Back in the second half of the 1920s, he was the first among Soviet military figures to deeply study the role of airborne assault forces in future war, substantiated the prospects of the Airborne Forces.

In the work "New Questions of War" M.N. Tukhachevsky wrote: “If a country is prepared for the widespread production of airborne assault forces capable of capturing and stopping activities railways the enemy in decisive directions, paralyze the deployment and mobilization of his troops, etc., then such a country will be able to reverse the previous methods of operational operations and give the outcome of the war a much more decisive character.

A significant place in this work is given to the role of airborne assault forces in border battles. The author believed that during this period of the battle it would be more profitable to use airborne assault forces to disrupt mobilization, isolate and tie down border garrisons, defeat local enemy troops, capture airfields, landing sites and solve other important tasks.

Much attention was paid to the development of the theory of the use of the Airborne Forces by Ya.I. Alksnis, A.I. Egorov, A.I. Cork, I.P. Uborevich, I.E. Yakir and many other military leaders. They believed that the most trained soldiers should serve in the Airborne Forces, ready to complete any task, while showing determination and stamina. Airborne assault forces must deliver sudden attacks on the enemy where no one is waiting for them.

Theoretical studies led to the fact that the combat activity of the Airborne Forces should be of an offensive nature, bold to the point of insolence and extremely maneuverable in carrying out quick, concentrated strikes. Airborne assault forces, making maximum use of the suddenness of their appearance, must swiftly strike at the most sensitive points, achieve hourly success, thereby increasing panic in the ranks of the enemy.

Simultaneously with the development of the theory of the combat use of the Airborne Forces in the Red Army, bold experiments were carried out on the landing of airborne assault forces, an extensive program was conducted to create experimental airborne units, questions of their organization were studied, and a system of combat training was developed.

For the first time, an airborne assault was used to perform a combat mission in 1929. On April 13, 1929, the Fuzaili gang made another raid from Afghanistan to the territory of Tajikistan. The plans of the Basmachi included capturing the Garm district and in the future to ensure the invasion of the Alai and Ferghana valleys of larger bands of the Basmachi. Cavalry detachments were sent to the Basmachi invasion area with the task of destroying the gang before it captured the Garm district. However, the information received from the city indicated that they would not have time to block the path of the gang, which had already defeated a detachment of Garm volunteers in a head-on battle and threatened the city. In this critical situation, the commander of the Central Asian military district P.E. Dybenko made a bold decision: to transfer a detachment of fighters through the air and with a sudden blow to destroy the enemy on the outskirts of the city. The detachment consisted of 45 people armed with rifles and four machine guns. On the morning of April 23, two platoon commanders flew to the combat area on the first plane, followed by the commander cavalry brigade T.T. Shapkin, brigade commissar A.T. Fedin. The platoon commanders were supposed to capture the landing site and ensure the landing of the main forces of the detachment. The task of the brigade commander was to study the situation on the spot and then, returning back to Dushanbe, report the results to the commander. Commissar Fedin was supposed to take command of the landing force and lead the actions to destroy the gang. An hour and a half after the first plane took off, the main landing force took off. However, the detachment's plan of action planned earlier was canceled immediately after the plane landed with the commander and commissar. Half of the city was already occupied by the Basmachi, so it was impossible to delay. Having sent a plane with a report, the brigade commander decided to immediately attack the enemy with available forces, without waiting for the landing force to arrive. Having obtained horses in the nearest villages and splitting into two groups, the detachment moved to Garm. Having burst into the city, the detachment unleashed powerful machine-gun and rifle fire on the Basmachi. The bandits were confused. They knew about the size of the city's garrison, but they were armed with rifles, and where did the machine guns come from? The bandits decided that a division of the Red Army had broken into the city, and, unable to withstand the onslaught, retreated from the city, losing about 80 people in the process. The approaching cavalry units completed the defeat of the Fuzaili gang. District Commander P.E. Dybenko, during the analysis, highly appreciated the actions of the detachment.

The second experiment took place on July 26, 1930. On this day, under the leadership of military pilot L. Minov, the first training jumps were made in Voronezh. Leonid Grigorievich Minov himself later told how the events unfolded: “I didn’t think that one jump could change a lot in life. I loved flying with all my heart. Like all my comrades, at that time I was distrustful of parachutes. and did not think.In 1928, I happened to be at a meeting management team Military Air Force, where I made my report on the results of work on "blind" flights at the Borisoglebsk school of military pilots. "After the meeting, Pyotr Ionovich Baranov, the head of the Air Force, called me up and asked:" In your report, you said that you must fly blind by all means with a parachute. Leonid Grigoryevich, what do you think, are parachutes needed in military aviation?" What could I say then! Of course, parachutes are needed. The best proof of this was the forced parachute jump of test pilot M. Gromov. Remembering this incident, I answered Peter Ionovich affirmatively. Then he suggested that I go to the USA and get acquainted with how they are doing with the rescue service in aviation. To be honest, I agreed reluctantly. From the United States of America, I returned "light": with a "diploma" in my pocket and three jumps "Pyotr Ionovich Baranov put my memorandum in a skinny folder. When he closed it, I saw the inscription on the cover: "Parachute business." I left Baranov's office two hours later. There was a lot of work to be done on the introduction of parachutes in aviation, on the organization of various studies and experiments aimed at improving flight safety.It was decided to hold classes in Voronezh in order to familiarize the flight crew with parachutes, with the organization of jumps. I suggested thinking about the possibility of training 10-15 paratroopers at the Voronezh training camp to perform a group jump. On July 26, 1930, participants in the training camp of the Air Force of the Moscow Military District gathered at the airfield near Voronezh. I had to perform a demonstration jump. Of course, everyone who was on the airfield considered me an ace in this matter. 'Cause I've been here the only person who has already received an air parachute baptism and jumped more than once, not two, but had as many as three jumps! And the prize-winning place I took at the competitions of the strongest skydivers in the USA, apparently, seemed to be something inaccessible to those present. Together with me, the pilot Moshkovsky, who was appointed my assistant at the training camp, was preparing to jump. There were no more applicants. My jump was really successful. I landed lightly, not far from the audience, I even stood on my feet. Met with applause. A girl who came from somewhere handed me a bouquet of field daisies. - "And how is Moshkovsky?"... The plane enters the course. His figure is clearly visible in the doorway. It's time to jump. It's time! But he is still standing in the doorway, apparently not daring to rush down. Another second, second. Finally! A white plume shot up over the falling man and immediately turned into a tight canopy of a parachute. - "Hurrah-ah-ah! .." - there was a sound around. Many pilots, seeing Moshkovsky and me alive and unharmed, expressed a desire to jump too. On that day, the squadron commander A. Stoilov, his assistant K. Zatonsky, pilots I. Povalyaev and I. Mukhin made jumps. And three days later there were 30 people in the ranks of paratroopers. After listening to my report on the course of the training by phone, Baranov asked: "Tell me, is it possible to prepare, say, ten or fifteen people for a group jump in two or three days?" Having received a positive answer, Pyotr Ionovich explained his thought: "It would be very good if it were possible during the Voronezh exercise to demonstrate the release of a group of armed paratroopers for sabotage operations on the territory of the" enemy "."

Needless to say, we accepted this original and interesting task with great enthusiasm. It was decided to launch the landing from the Farman-Goliath aircraft. In those days it was the only aircraft we had mastered for jumping. Its advantage over the TB-1 bombers available in the air brigade was that a person did not need to get out on the wing - paratroopers jumped directly into open door. Moreover, all trainees were in the cockpit. The feeling of a comrade's elbow reassured everyone. In addition, the releaser could watch him, cheer him up before the jump. Ten volunteers who had already completed training jumps were selected to participate in the landing. In addition to the landing of fighters, the plan of the landing operation included the dropping of weapons and ammunition (light machine guns, grenades, cartridges) from aircraft on special cargo parachutes. For this purpose, two soft mail bags and four light-heavy boxes designed by K. Blagin were used. The landing group was divided into two detachments, since no more than seven paratroopers fit in the cockpit. After the landing of the first paratroopers, the plane returned to the airfield for the second group. During the break between jumps, it was planned to drop six cargo parachutes with weapons and ammunition from three P-1 aircraft. As a result of this experiment, I wanted to get an answer to a number of questions: to establish the degree of dispersion of a group of six people and the time of separation from the aircraft of all fighters; fix the time it will take to descend the paratroopers to the ground, receive the dropped weapons and bring the landing force into full readiness for combat operations. In order to expand the experience, the drop of the first detachment was planned from a height of 350 meters, the second - from 500 meters, dropping cargo - from 150 meters. Preparations for the landing operation were completed on 31 July. Each fighter knew his place on the plane and his task on the ground. The equipment of the paratroopers, consisting of the main and reserve parachutes, was stowed and carefully adjusted to the figure of the fighter, weapons and ammunition were packed in hanging bags and boxes of cargo parachutes.

On August 2, 1930, at exactly 9 o'clock, a plane took off from the base airfield. On board is the first detachment of paratroopers. Together with us and the head of the second group Ya. Moshkovsky. He decided to see where the place of separation of our group was, so that later he could accurately parachute his guys. We were followed by three R-1 planes, under the wings of which cargo parachutes were suspended on bomb racks.

Having made a circle, our plane turned to the landing site, located about two kilometers from the airfield. The landing area is a field free from crops measuring 600 by 800 meters. She adjoined a small farm. One of the buildings, located on the outskirts of the farm, was designated as a landmark for collecting paratroopers after landing and as a starting point for the start of military operations of the landing force in the rear of the "enemy". - "Get ready!" - trying to shout over the rumble of engines, I commanded. The guys immediately got up and stood one after another, squeezing in right hand pull ring. Faces are tense, focused. As soon as they crossed the site, I gave the command: "Go!" ... - the fighters literally poured out of the plane, I dived last and immediately pulled the ring. I counted - all the domes opened normally. We landed almost in the center of the site, not far from each other. The soldiers quickly gathered their parachutes and ran up to me. In the meantime, the R-1 link passed overhead and dropped six parachutes with weapons on the edge of the farm. We rushed there, unpacked the bags, took out machine guns, cartridges. And now our "Farman" with the second group reappeared in the sky. As planned, Moshkovsky's group left the plane at an altitude of 500 meters. They landed next to us. It took only a few minutes, and 12 paratroopers, armed with two light machine guns, rifles, revolvers and grenades, were in full readiness for combat operations ... "

So the world's first parachute landing was dropped.

In the order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR dated October 24, 1930, People's Commissar K. Voroshilov noted: “Successful experiments in organizing airborne assaults should be noted as achievements. Airborne operations should be comprehensively studied from the technical and tactical side by the Headquarters of the Red Army and they were given appropriate instructions on the spot.

It is this order that is the legal evidence of the birth of the "winged infantry" in the Land of Soviets.

Organizational structure of the airborne troops

• Command of the Airborne Troops
• Airborne and air assault formations:
  • 98th Guards Airborne Svir Red Banner Order of Kutuzov 2nd Class Division
  • 106th Guards Red Banner Order of Kutuzov 2nd Class Airborne Division
  • 7th Guards Air Assault (Mountain) Red Banner Order Kutuzov 2nd degree division;
  • 76th Guards Air Assault Chernihiv Red Banner Division;
  • 31st Separate Guards Airborne Assault Order of Kutuzov, 2nd Class Brigade;
• Military unit special purpose:
  • 45th Separate Guards Order of Kutuzov Order of Alexander Nevsky Special Purpose Regiment;
• Military support units:
  • 38th Separate Communications Regiment of the Airborne Troops;

Airborne Troops - a type of troops intended for combat operations behind enemy lines.

Designed for airborne landings behind enemy lines or for rapid deployment in geographically remote areas, often used as a rapid reaction force.

The main method of delivery of the Airborne Forces is parachute landing, they can also be delivered by helicopter; during World War II, glider delivery was practiced.

The Airborne Forces consist of:
• paratroopers
• tank
• artillery
• self-propelled artillery
• other units and divisions
• from units and subunits of special troops and rear.

Personnel The Airborne Forces are landing along with personal weapons.

Tanks, rocket launchers, artillery guns, self-propelled guns, ammunition and other materiel are dropped from aircraft using airborne equipment (parachutes, parachute and parachute-rocket systems, cargo containers, platforms for installing and dropping weapons and equipment) or delivered by aircraft behind enemy lines to captured airfields.

The main combat properties of the Airborne Forces:
• ability to quickly reach remote areas
• strike suddenly
• successfully conduct combined arms combat.

The Airborne Forces are armed with airborne self-propelled guns ASU-85; self-propelled artillery guns "Octopus-SD"; 122-mm D-30 howitzers; airborne combat vehicles BMD-1/2/3/4; armored personnel carriers BTR-D.

Part of the Armed Forces Russian Federation may be part of the joint armed forces (for example, the CIS Joint Forces) or be under joint command in accordance with the international treaties of the Russian Federation (for example, as part of the UN peacekeeping forces or the CIS collective peacekeeping forces in zones of local military conflicts).

Today, Russian paratroopers and veterans of the Russian Airborne Forces celebrate their professional holiday.

The history of our Airborne Troops began on August 2, 1930. On this day, at the exercises of the Air Force of the Moscow Military District, which were held near Voronezh, 12 people were parachuted from the air as part of a special unit. The experiment showed the enormous possibilities and prospects of the parachute units.

From that moment on, the USSR goes fast development new troops, in its tasks for 1931, the Revolutionary Military Council of the Red Army determines: "... airborne landing operations must be comprehensively studied from the technical and tactical side by the Headquarters of the Red Army in order to develop and distribute appropriate instructions to the places." Which is what was done.

In 1931, an airborne landing detachment was formed in the Leningrad Military District, numbering 164 people. For landing, they use the TB-3& aircraft, which took on board 35 paratroopers, and on the external suspension - either a light tank, or an armored car, or two 76 mm cannons. The idea was verified by experiment.

On December 11, 1932, the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR adopted a resolution on the creation of mass Airborne Troops. On the basis of the airborne detachment of the Leningrad Military District, which has been landing all year, an entire brigade is being formed. The main task is the training of paratrooper instructors, plus the development of operational and tactical standards. By March 1933, the instructors were trained, the standards were calculated, and in the Belarusian, Ukrainian, Moscow and Volga military districts they began to form special-purpose aviation battalions.

For the first time, the release of a massive parachute landing in the presence of foreign delegations was carried out at maneuvers in the Kiev military district in September 1935. 1200 specially trained military personnel landed, who quickly captured the airfield. This impressed the observers. At the next major exercise in the Belarusian military district, 1,800 paratroopers were already dropped. This impressed the German military observers, including Goering. who was on topic. In the spring of that year, he gave the order to form the first German airborne regiment. The experience of the Soviet Airborne Forces was appreciated from the very beginning according to its merits abroad.

Soon, the troops, who first appeared in the composition of our armed forces, will have the opportunity to test their capabilities in real combat conditions. In 1939, the 212th Airborne Brigade took part in the battles with Japanese troops on the Khalkhin Gol River. During the Soviet-Finnish war (1939-1940), the 201st, 204th and 214th airborne brigades fought.

By the summer of 1941, five airborne corps each numbering 10,000 people were being completed. With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, all five airborne corps participate in fierce battles on the territory of Latvia, Belarus, and Ukraine. During the counter-offensive near Moscow in early 1942, the Vyazemsky airborne operation took place with the landing of the 4th airborne corps. This is largest operation Airborne Forces during the war. In total, about 10 thousand paratroopers were dropped behind German lines.

During the war years, all airborne formations receive the rank of guards. 296 paratroopers - the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Based on the experience of the war in 1946, the Airborne Forces are withdrawn from the Air Force and included in the reserve troops of the Supreme High Command and directly subordinate to the Minister of the USSR Armed Forces. At the same time, the post of commander of the Airborne Forces of the USSR Armed Forces was established.

The first commander of the Airborne Forces is Colonel General V.V. Glagolev.

In 1954, V.F. became the commander of the Airborne Forces. Margelov (1909-1990), who remains in this position with a short break until 1979. An entire epoch in the history of Russian airborne troops is associated with the name of Margelov; it is not for nothing that the Airborne Forces received the unofficial name "Uncle Vasya's Troops".

In the 50s, during the exercises of the airborne units Special attention began to be given to new methods of defense behind enemy lines, landing operations in conditions of use nuclear weapons. Parts of the Airborne Forces begin to receive heavy weapons - artillery installations (ASU-76, ASU-57, ASU-85), tracked airborne combat vehicles (BMD-1, BMD-2). Military transport aviation is equipped with An-12, An-22 aircraft, which were able to deliver armored vehicles, vehicles, artillery, and ammunition behind enemy lines. On January 5, 1973, for the first time in history, a caterpillar BMD-1 with two crew members on board was parachuted from the An-12B military transport aircraft on parachute-platform means in the Centaur complex. The crew commander is the son of Vasily Filippovich Margelov, Senior Lieutenant Alexander Margelov, the driver is Lieutenant Colonel Zuev Leonid Gavrilovich.

The Airborne Forces take part in the Czechoslovak events of 1968. Parts of the 7th and 103rd Guards Airborne Divisions captured and blocked the airfields of Ruzin (near Prague) and the city of Brno, paratroopers prepared them to receive military transport aircraft. Two hours later, paratroopers capture four bridges across the Vltava, the building of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, publishing houses, the building of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the main post office, the television center, banks and other important objects in Prague. This happens without firing a shot.

In the future, units of the Airborne Forces participate in the war in Afghanistan, military conflicts in the territory former USSR- Chechnya, Karabakh, South and North Ossetia, in Osh, Transnistria and in the zone of the Georgian-Abkhaz confrontation. Two airborne battalions perform tasks

UN Peacekeeping Forces in Yugoslavia.

Now the Airborne Forces are one of the most combat-ready units Russian Army. They form the basis of the Forces special operations. The ranks of the Airborne Forces number about 35 thousand soldiers and officers.

World experience

The US Airborne Forces have a rich tradition and great combat experience. Unlike Russia, the Airborne Forces in the United States are not a separate branch of the military; the Americans consider the Airborne Forces as a special component of the ground forces. Organizationally, the US Airborne Forces are united in the 18th Airborne Corps, which also includes tank, motorized infantry, and aviation units. The corps was formed in 1944 in the British Isles and took part in the fighting in the territory Western Europe. Formations and units from its composition participated in the hostilities in Korea, Vietnam, Grenada, Panama, the Persian Gulf, Haiti, Iraq and Afghanistan.

The corps currently consists of four divisions and a variety of support units and units. The total number of personnel is 88 thousand people. Corps Headquarters is at Fort Bragg, North Carolina.

UK Airborne Forces

In the British Army, the Airborne Forces also do not form a separate branch of the military, but are part of the Ground Forces.

To date, the British Armed Forces have one - the 16th Air Assault Brigade as part of the 5th Division of the British Army. It was formed on September 1, 1999, including units of the 5th Airborne Brigade and the 24th Airborne Brigade. It consists of airborne, infantry, artillery, medical and engineering units.

The main emphasis in the British military doctrine of the use of the Airborne Forces is on airborne assault with the support of helicopter units.

The brigade inherited its name from the 1st and 6th airborne divisions, during the Second World War. The Attack Eagle emblem was borrowed from the Special Training Center located in Lohilot, Scotland.

The 16th brigade is the main strike unit of the British Army, so it takes part in all military operations conducted by the UK: Sierra Leone, Macedonia, Iraq, Afghanistan.

The brigade has a strength of 8,000 personnel, making it the largest of all British Army brigades.

Airborne Forces of France

The French Airborne Forces are part of the Ground Forces and are represented by the 11th Parachute Division. The division is divided into two brigades and consists of seven subdivisions, corresponding in size to a battalion: 1st Parachute Regiment marines, 2nd Foreign Parachute Regiment of the Foreign Legion, 1st and 9th Regiments of Paratrooper Commandos (Light Infantry), 3rd, 6th and 8th Marine Parachute Regiments.

The division headquarters is located in Tarbes, in the province of Hautes-Pyrenees. The personnel consists of about 11,000 people.

French paratroopers participated in all recent French military conflicts from the war in Indochina to the peacekeeping operation in Mali.

Airborne Forces of Germany

German paratroopers form the basis of the special operations forces of the Bundeswehr. Organizationally, the airborne troops are represented in the form of a Special Operations Division with headquarters in Regensburg. The Division includes: a special-purpose detachment of the KSK (“Kommando Spezialkrafte”), formed on the basis of the former 25th paratrooper brigade; 26th Airborne Brigade; 31st Airborne Brigade; and the 4th command and communications regiment; anti-aircraft missile battery; 310th separate reconnaissance company; 200th reconnaissance and sabotage company. The staff consists of 8 thousand people.

The paratroopers of the Bundeswehr take an active part in all peacekeeping and military operations of the UN and NATO, conducted recently.

Airborne Forces of China

In China, the airborne troops are part of the Air Force. They are consolidated into the 15th Airborne Corps (headquarters in Xiaogan, Hubei Province), which consists of three airborne divisions - the 43rd (Kaifeng, Hubei Province), the 44th (Inshan, Hubei Province) and 45th (Huangpi, Hubei Province).

At present, according to various estimates, the airborne troops of the PLA Air Force number from 24,000 to 30,000 personnel.

The Airborne Troops trace their history back to August 2, 1930. During the demonstration exercises of the Moscow Military District near Voronezh, for the first time, a landing of 12 people and weapons for them was dropped. After landing, the paratroopers, having collected containers with machine guns, rifles and ammunition, completed the assigned combat mission. This experiment allowed military theorists to see the prospect of the advantage of parachute units, their enormous capabilities associated with the rapid coverage of the enemy through the air. Margelov V.F Flag of the Airborne Forces

The theory of the purpose and role of the Airborne Forces was based on the works of M. Tukhachevsky. The development of landing equipment was carried out at the Research Institute of the Air Force under the leadership of P. Grokhovsky, a team headed by the director of the plant M. Savitsky worked on parachute equipment. He designed the domestic parachute PT-1 for training jumps, replacing the foreign ones.

The decisive role in the formation of the theory of combat use and the development of weapons of the airborne troops belongs to the Soviet military leader Vasily Filippovich Margelov, Commander of the Airborne Forces from 1954 to 1979. The name of Margelov is associated with the positioning of airborne formations as highly maneuverable, covered with armor and having sufficient fire efficiency units to participate in modern strategic operations in various theaters of military operations. On his initiative, the technical re-equipment of the Airborne Forces was launched: at enterprises military industrial complex, mass production of landing equipment was launched, modifications of small arms for paratroopers were created, a new one was modernized and developed Combat vehicles(including the first tracked combat vehicle BMD-1), new military transport aircraft were put into service and entered the troops, and finally their own symbols were created airborne vests and blue paratrooper berets.

The basis of modern airborne weapons BMD-1, BMD-2, BMD-3 combat vehicles, 120mm self-propelled artillery guns, 122mm howitzers, armored personnel carriers, anti-aircraft artillery mounts. For landing which are used by military transport aircraft Il-76, An-22. The reliability of the equipment, repeatedly confirmed in combat operations, makes it possible to parachute combat vehicles along with their crews, which drastically reduces the time to find their weapons and engage in battle after landing.

After the Afghan events, many parts of the Airborne Forces were involved in peacekeeping functions with the task of preventing the flare-up of interethnic hostility. Soldiers-paratroopers more than once stood up as a human shield between opposing sides in Baku, Karabakh, South and North Ossetia, in Osh, Transnistria and in the zone of the Georgian-Abkhazian conflict. Two airborne battalions honorably perform tasks as part of the UN Peacekeeping Forces in Yugoslavia. The paratroopers also took part in the events in Chechnya.

At the same time, despite the difficult conditions, the Airborne Forces remain one of the most combat-ready. This allows the Airborne Forces to become the basis of the Mobile Forces, since in terms of their equipment, the specifics of the tasks being solved and the experience gained, they are most suitable for this role.

Commanders of the Airborne Forces * Glazunov Vasily Afanasyevich, Major General (August 29, 1941 June 1943) * Kapitokhin Alexander Grigoryevich, Major General (June 7 August 1944) * Zatevakhin Ivan Ivanovich, Major General (August 1944 January 1946) * Glagolev Vasily Vasilyevich, Colonel General (April 1946 September 1947) * Kazankin Alexander Fedorovich, Lieutenant General (October 1947 December 1948) * Rudenko Sergey Ignatievich, Colonel General (December 1948 September 1949) * Kazankin Alexander Fedorovich, Lieutenant General (October 1949 March 1950) ) * Alexander Vasilyevich Gorbatov, Colonel General (March) * Vasily Filippovich Margelov, Colonel General (June 1, 1954 March 1959) * Ivan Vasilyevich Tutarinov, Lieutenant General (March 14, 1959 July 1961) * Vasily Filippovich Margelov, Colonel General (until 1967), General of the Army (July 1961 January 1979) * Sukhorukov Dmitry Semyonovich, Colonel General (until 1982), General of the Army (January 1979 July 1987) * Kalinin Nikolai Vasilievich, Colonel General (August 1987 January 1989) * Vladislav Alekseevich Achalov, Colonel General (January 1989 December 1990) * Pavel Sergeevich Grachev, Colonel General (December 30, August 1991) * Evgeny Nikolaevich Podkolzin, Colonel General (August 31, 1991 December 1996) * Shpak Georgy Ivanovich , Colonel General (December 4, 1996 September 2003) * Kolmakov Alexander Petrovich, Colonel General (September 8, 2003 November 2007) * Evtukhovich Valery Evgenievich, Lieutenant General (November 19 May 2009) * Ignatov Nikolai Ivanovich, Lieutenant General (and .about. May 6, 2009) * Shamanov Vladimir Anatolyevich Lieutenant General (since May 24, 2009)

Plan:

Introduction

• 1. History
• 2 Commanders of the Airborne Forces
• 3 Number
• 4 Composition
  • 4.1 Divisions
  • 4.2 Brigades
  • 4.3 Battalions
  • 4.4 Shelves
  • 4.5 Educational institutions
• 5 Armament
  • 5.1 Armored vehicles
  • 5.2 Automotive
  • 5.3 Artillery
  • 5.4 Weapon
• 6 Gallery
Notes
Literature

Introduction

Parachute landing from a TB-3 bomber

Unofficial sleeve insignia of the Airborne Forces of the Russian Armed Forces.

Flag of the Airborne Forces of the Russian Armed Forces

Patch of the Command of the Airborne Forces of the Russian Armed Forces, 2005.

Sleeve insignia of the Airborne Forces of the Russian Armed Forces.

Airborne troops (Airborne) - a highly mobile branch of the rapid reaction troops, designed to cover the enemy by air and conduct combat and sabotage operations in his rear.

The Airborne Forces of the Russian Armed Forces are the reserve of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces and can form the basis of the mobile rapid reaction forces. They report directly to the Commander of the Airborne Forces of the Russian Armed Forces and consist of airborne divisions, brigades, separate units and institutions.

Commander of the Airborne Forces of the Russian Armed Forces - Lieutenant General Vladimir Anatolyevich Shamanov (appointed by decree of the President of Russia - May 24, 2009).

1. History

On July 26, 1930, during the training of the Air Force of the Moscow Military District at the Voronezh airfield, Minov performed a demonstrative parachute jump, after which several more pilots performed their first jumps. After listening to a report on the progress of the training, the commander of the Red Army Air Force, Pyotr Baranov, proposed "demonstrating the dropping of a group of armed paratroopers for sabotage operations on the territory of the" enemy "." On August 2, the landing was thrown out in two groups of 6 people; one was led by Minov, the other by his assistant Yakov Moshkovsky.

On August 2, 1930, during the exercises of the Air Force of the Moscow Military District near Voronezh, for the first time, an airborne unit in the amount of 12 people was parachuted to perform a tactical task. This experiment allowed military theorists to see the prospect of the advantage of parachute units, their enormous capabilities associated with the rapid coverage of the enemy through the air.

August 2, 1930 was the birthday of the airborne troops. The first division of the Airborne Forces was formed in 1931, in the Leningrad Military District, the airborne assault detachment consisted of 164 people. E.D. Lukin was appointed commander of the detachment.

Order of the NPO of the USSR No. 0202 "On the formation of the Directorate of the Airborne Forces of the Red Army", June 12, 1941.

In order to improve the management of the combat training and service of the airborne troops, form the Directorate of the Airborne Forces of the Red Army in accordance with the staff No. 1/104 approved by me.

People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR Marshal of the Soviet Union S. Timoshenko

Boss General Staff Red Army General of the Army G. Zhukov.

RGVA. F. 4. Op. 11. D. 65. L. 2. Original. Published web.: Russian archive ... T. 13 (2-1). S. 279 (Doc. No. 117).

Until 1946, the Airborne Forces were part of the Air Force of the Red Army of the Armed Forces of the USSR.

Since 1946 - as part of the ground forces (SV) of the USSR Armed Forces, but directly subordinate to the Minister of Defense.

In 1991, the Airborne Forces of the CIS Armed Forces in Russia were separated into an independent branch of the armed forces.

The decisive role in the formation of the theory of combat use and the development of weapons of the airborne troops belongs to the Soviet military leader Vasily Filippovich Margelov, Commander of the Airborne Forces from 1954 to 1979. The name of Margelov is associated with the positioning of airborne formations as highly maneuverable, covered with armor and having sufficient fire efficiency units to participate in modern strategic operations in various theaters of military operations. On his initiative, the technical re-equipment of the Airborne Forces was launched: serial production of landing equipment was launched at defense production enterprises, modifications of small arms for paratroopers were created, new military equipment was modernized and developed (including the first tracked combat vehicle BMD-1), were put into service and new military transport aircraft entered the troops, and finally their own symbols of the Airborne Forces were created - vests and blue berets. His personal contribution to the formation of the Airborne Forces in their modern form General Pavel Fedoseevich Pavlenko formulated:

In the history of the Airborne Forces, and in Armed Forces Russia and other countries of the former Soviet Union, his name will remain forever. He personified a whole era in the development and formation of the Airborne Forces, their authority and popularity are associated with his name, not only in our country, but also abroad ...

…AT. F. Margelov realized that in modern operations, only highly mobile, capable of wide maneuver landing forces would be able to successfully operate deep behind enemy lines. He categorically rejected the installation of holding the area captured by the landing until the approach of the troops advancing from the front by the method of tough defense as disastrous, because in this case the landing would be quickly destroyed.

2. Commanders of the Airborne Forces

(Until 1991 - Airborne Forces of the Soviet Armed Forces, in 1991-1993 - Airborne Forces of the CIS Armed Forces)

• Glazunov Vasily Afanasyevich, Major General (August 29, 1941 - June 1943)
• Kapitokhin Alexander Grigorievich, Major General (07 June 1943 - 09 August 1944)
• Zatevakhin Ivan Ivanovich, major general (August 1944 - January 1946)
• Glagolev Vasily Vasilyevich, Colonel General (April 1946 - September 1947)
• Kazankin Alexander Fedorovich, lieutenant general (October 1947 - December 1948)
• Rudenko Sergey Ignatievich, Colonel General (December 1948 - September 1949)
• Kazankin Alexander Fedorovich, lieutenant general (October 1949 - March 1950)
• Gorbatov Alexander Vasilievich, Colonel General (March 1950-1954)
• Margelov Vasily Filippovich, Colonel General (June 1, 1954 - March 1959)
• Tutarinov Ivan Vasilyevich, lieutenant general (March 14, 1959 - July 1961)
• Margelov Vasily Filippovich, Colonel General (until 1967), General of the Army (July 1961 - January 1979)
• Sukhorukov Dmitry Semyonovich, Colonel General (until 1982), General of the Army (January 1979 - July 1987)
• Kalinin Nikolai Vasilyevich, Colonel General (August 1987 - January 1989)
• Achalov Vladislav Alekseevich, Colonel General (January 1989 - December 1990)
• Grachev Pavel Sergeevich, Colonel General (December 30, 1990 - August 31, 1991)
• Podkolzin Evgeny Nikolaevich, Colonel General (August 31, 1991 - December 1996)
• Shpak Georgy Ivanovich, Colonel General (December 4, 1996 - September 2003)
• Kolmakov Alexander Petrovich, Colonel General (September 8, 2003 - November 2007)
• Evtukhovich Valery Evgenievich, lieutenant general (November 19, 2007 - May 6, 2009)
• Ignatov Nikolai Ivanovich, lieutenant general (acting May 6, 2009 - May 24, 2009)
• Shamanov Vladimir Anatolyevich Lieutenant General (since May 24, 2009)

3. Number

According to official data for 2010, the number of Russian Airborne Forces is 35,000 military personnel, consisting of:

1. Officers - 4,000 people, of which 400 people hold sergeant positions.
2. Military personnel (sergeants and soldiers under the contract) - 7,000 people.
3. Military personnel (sergeants and soldiers on conscription) - 24,000 people.
4. Civilian personnel (GOSLs, employees and workers) - 28,000 people.

4. Composition

Composition of the Airborne Forces of the Russian Armed Forces, Anglo-Saxon [ source not specified 122 days] designation.

4.1. divisions

• 7th Guards Air Assault (Mountain) Division (until January 2006 - airborne), Novorossiysk
• 76th Guards Airborne Assault Division (until January 2006 - airborne), Pskov
• 98th Guards Airborne Division, Ivanovo
• 106th Guards Airborne Division, Tula

4.2. Brigades

• 31st Guards Separate air assault brigade, Ulyanovsk (until May 1, 1998 - 337th and 328th Guards. parachute regiment 104th Airborne Division)
• 11th Separate Air Assault Brigade, Ulan-Ude
• 56th Guards Separate Air Assault Brigade, Kamyshin

4.3. Battalions

• 8th separate tank repair battalion Leninsk

4.4. Shelves

• 38th Separate Communications Regiment (Bear Lakes)
• 45th separate guards regiment special purpose (VDV) (Kubinka)

4.5. Educational institutions

• Ryazan Institute of Airborne Troops
• 332 School of ensigns of the Airborne Forces (disbanded in December 2009)
• 242nd The educational center(44th Airborne Training Division), until 1992 - Lithuania (Gaizhunai and Prienai), currently - Omsk and Ishim

5. Armament

In January 2007, the commander of the airborne troops, Colonel-General Alexander Kolmakov, announced that within the next three years The Airborne Forces will receive new serial weapons - the BMD-4 airborne combat vehicle, the 2S25 Sprut 125-mm self-propelled gun, the BTR-D3 Shell multipurpose armored personnel carrier, the KamAZ-43501 landing vehicle, the D-10 and Arbalet parachutes, as well as new small arms and special weapons. In 2010, the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation decided to arm the airborne troops with Iveco LMV armored vehicles manufactured by Kamaz OJSC. First of all, the rearmament will be carried out by the 45th separate regiment.

5.1. armored vehicles

• Airborne combat vehicles: BMD-1, BMD-2 "Budka", BMD-3 "Bakhcha", BMD-4 "Bakhcha-U", BTR-RD "Robot", BTR-ZD "Screeze".

5.2. Automotive

Unloading truck Ural-4320 from Il-76 at Tuzla airfield in Bosnia, January 1996

Many options based on trucks Ural, GAZ, KAMAZ; cars UAZ

5.3. Artillery

• Airborne self-propelled guns ASU-57, SU-85
• Self-propelled artillery guns 2S9 NONA-S, 2S25 Sprut-SD
• Howitzer 2A18 D-30/2A18M D-30A
• Anti-aircraft gun ZU-23-2