In modern conditions, electronic warfare (EW) is one of the main types of operational support for combat operations of troops. The experience of local wars and armed conflicts shows that the use of EW forces and means can lead, for example, to an increase in combat potential ground forces by 1.5-2 times, reducing losses of aviation in the air by 4-6 times, and warships by 2-3 times. The contribution of electronic warfare to the solution of such an important operational task of the troops as the disorganization of command and control systems for enemy troops and weapons can reach 70%.
The electronic warfare service has gone through a difficult path of its formation in our missile army. From solving narrowly focused issues of electronic countermeasures to solving issues of combat support.
Lieutenant Colonel Iovlev Gennady Pavlovich was appointed the first head of the electronic countermeasures service in 1971. Thanks to his organizational skills, great experience, engineering "flair", with a shortage of specialists and special equipment in the troops, he managed to solve the tasks at the highest level.
Further formation and improvement of the electronic warfare service was continued by Colonel Yevdokimov Yuri Mikhailovich. Under his leadership, work was launched to prepare and put on combat duty the units of integrated technical control (UKTK).
Colonel Verblyudov Viktor Vasilyevich, appointed in 1981 to the post of head of the service, continued to work on improving the methods of protecting missile weapons from high-precision weapons with his characteristic dedication.
In 1988, Zhikhalkin Fedor Fedorovich was appointed to the post of head of the service. In the course of the organizational and staffing measures carried out in the 90s, with a reduction in the total number of staff of the service, he managed not only to retain personnel, but also to increase the quantitative and qualitative indicators of electronic warfare. Comprehensive technical control units are equipped with new types of measuring equipment, new complexes are put on combat duty, which make it possible to increase the effectiveness of control.
Through the efforts of the army's electronic warfare service in the mid-90s on the territory Western Siberia on the basis of UKTK connections, a direction-finding network of the short-wave range of radio waves is being deployed. Much attention is paid to the training of personnel for the troops, laboratories and educational institutions. Many officers subsequently became chiefs of EW services of divisions, senior lecturers at higher educational institutions, candidates of sciences, and first-class specialists. Among them are Colonels Somov Yu.I., Linnik M.Yu., Mansurov R.G., Parfenchik Yu.M., Pankov G.K. and Chugunov V.S.
During the period when the EW service was headed by Colonel Sergei Valentinovich Nekrasov, work continued to improve the organization of the service in the formation.
In 2001, Lieutenant Colonel Drotenko Alexander Gennadievich was appointed to the position of head of the EW service, who, due to his high professional and moral and business qualities, received the military rank of colonel ahead of schedule for his great contribution to the development of the EW service of the association.
From 2003 to 2009, the EW service of the Omsk Missile Army was led by Colonel Yury Avangardovich Sakhno. Since 2009, Lieutenant Colonel Antonov Vladislav Gennadievich has been appointed head of the electronic warfare service. Since 2008, the duties of a senior officer of the service have been performed by Lieutenant Colonel Skutin Oleg Leonidovich.
The Special Service has been dealing with issues of guaranteed protection since its inception. nuclear weapons from unauthorized use by blocking combat control systems and missile launch.
The management of the implementation of this set of organizational and technical measures in the 7th ORC was entrusted to the senior officer of the operational department of the corps, Major Shaforost V.P.
Subsequently, with the formation of the missile army, senior officers of the operational department of the association for the prevention of unauthorized use of nuclear weapons dealt with blocking issues: Lieutenant Colonel Litvinov I.I. (1971-1972), and then Lieutenant Colonel Shaforost V.P.
During this period, the special service actively solved its tasks in connection with the re-equipment of the OS divisions with new military equipment.
From 1977 to 1987, Colonel Vladimir Alexandrovich Rastorguev was in charge of the special service. In 1979, with the formation of a special service as an independent division of the army, Colonel Rastorguev V.A. became the first chief of service. During this period, the special service participated in building up the combat power of the missile army, mastering the 15P018 and RSD-10 missile systems, new automated combat control systems, both wired and using combat control radio channels; successfully completed a set of measures to put RSD-10 missile systems on combat duty in the Novosibirsk and Barnaul missile divisions; dealt with the training of officers on duty combat shifts; took a direct part in the preparation and conduct of combat training launches of missiles from the position areas of the Alei and Uzhur missile divisions.
In the period from 1987 to 1990, the special service was headed by Colonel Makarov Boris Alexandrovich, and from 1990 to 1995 - by Colonel Yakimovets Alexander Afanasyevich.
During this period of time, the special service was entrusted with the task of maintaining the constant combat readiness of missile systems on combat duty, as well as preventing unauthorized launches of missiles to be dismantled.
In the period from 1995 to 2001, the head of the special service was Colonel Sultanov Alfit Gaptelyanovich.
In 2001, Colonel Sergei Vitalievich Toneev was appointed head of the special service. With his arrival, the special service of the army took a leading position in Rocket troops strategic purpose.
In 2002, in connection with the disbandment of the Chita association, the special services of the Irkutsk, Kansk and Krasnoyarsk missile divisions became part of the special service of the 33rd Missile Army.
In 2003, thanks to high organization and quality training to the test, the association successfully passed a serious exam - a test by the commission of the Office of the head of the special service of the Armed Forces Russian Federation rated "excellent".
Since 2005, the head of the special service of the Omsk Missile Army is Colonel Sergey Nikolayevich Chigaryov. In continuation of the glorious traditions in 2009, the missile army again reported during the inspection of the head of the reorganized special service of the Main operational management General Staff Armed Forces of the Russian Federation to the mark "excellent".
The Special Service continues to consistently and successfully solve the tasks entrusted to it to maintain high combat readiness of missile weapons and combat control equipment, while ensuring guaranteed protection of nuclear weapons from unauthorized use.
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In 1960, Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Fedorovich Perov, a participant in the Great Patriotic War. Under his leadership, in 1961, the special body was reorganized into the eighth branch of the missile corps. As the head of the department, Lieutenant Colonel Perov A.F. held until 1967.
In 1967-1971, the eighth department (department) was headed by Lieutenant Colonel Tsarik Petr Fedorovich, also a participant in the Great Patriotic War. And in 1970, the eighth department was reorganized into the eighth department. This leader has contributed greatly to patriotic education young officers, graduates of the Krasnodar Higher Military School named after Army General Shtemenko S.M.
From 1971 to 1974, the department was commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Yury Alexandrovich Kurchatkin. On August 17, 1974, a special organ of the Army CP took up combat duty. First head of training personnel to this event was Guard Lieutenant Colonel Yu.A. Kurchatkin. By that time he had 32 years of experience special work, including three years of experience in organizing covert communications, providing command of special communications in the conduct of hostilities during the Great Patriotic War.
In 1974-1990, the department was headed by Lieutenant Colonel Viktor Mikhailovich Redko, Colonel Mikhail Pavlovich Musatov. During this period, special bodies of the Armed Forces of the country were transferred to a new fleet of electronic equipment.
From 1990 to 1994, the department was headed by Lieutenant Colonel Babchenko Nikolai Vladimirovich.
In the period from 1994 to 2000, the department was headed by Colonel Antonov Vladimir Viktorovich, Colonel Ganzha Alexander Vasilyevich. At that time, a pilot operation and putting on combat duty of a new generation of special communications equipment was carried out in the special bodies of the association.
From 2000 to 2002, the department was headed by Colonel Pershin Vyacheslav Viktorovich. Personally, he did a lot of work in improving the organization of covert communications and combat duty in the special agencies of the association.
From 2002 to 2007, the department (service) was headed by Colonel Petukhov Anatoly Vitalievich. At this time, in connection with the publication of new regulatory documents, work was carried out to improve the issue of protecting state secrets. In 2003, the eighth department was reorganized into the state secret protection service.
In 2007, Colonel Evgeniy Anatolievich Bespalkov headed the state secret protection service of the Omsk Missile Army.
In 2000-2009, a significant contribution to the organization of work to ensure the protection of state secrets and the implementation of special communications was made and is being made by service officers Lieutenant Colonel Yurov O.V., Major Avilov D.A., Lieutenant Colonel Gorbik E.A., Majors Lagunov A.V. ., Maisuradze P.K. and Tabachenko P.D.
During the period of carrying out measures to transfer the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation to a new look, carried out in 2009, the state secret protection service with dignity and honor performs all the tasks in providing covert communications command, ensuring the protection of state secrets and protecting information from unauthorized access at computing facilities. technology.
Tasks and functions
department for the protection of state secrets and mobilization training
Tasks of the department for the protection of state secrets and mobilization training:
1. Ensuring the secrecy regime established in the Office and conducting secret office work in accordance with the Instruction on Ensuring the Secrecy Regime in the Russian Federation, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 3-1 dated 01.01.2001 (hereinafter - Instruction No. 3-1).
2. Organization of activities for mobilization preparation and mobilization and control over their implementation in the structural divisions of the Office.
3. Organization of measures for civil defense, protection of state civil servants and personnel for the protection and maintenance of buildings of the Office (hereinafter referred to as employees) from emergencies natural and technogenic nature in the Department and structural divisions of the Department.
4. Fulfillment of the tasks assigned to the Department in the field of mobilization training and mobilization, civil defense and protection of employees from natural and man-made emergencies. Organization of secret mobilization and non-secret office work.
Functions of the department for the protection of state secrets and mobilization training:
1. Planning, development and implementation of measures to ensure the regime of secrecy in the Office during the conduct of secret work in accordance with Instruction No. 3-1;
2. Taking measures to identify and close possible channels for the leakage of information constituting a state secret, and to prevent the disclosure of this information in the course of all types of secret work;
3. Organization and maintenance of secret records management in the Office, control over compliance with the established procedure for working with classified documents.
4. Coordination of activities structural divisions Directorates for the protection of state secrets and control over the implementation of the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of protection of state secrets;
5. Keeping records of violations of the secrecy regime in the office of the Office and structural subdivisions of the Office;
6. Participation in conducting internal audits in case of loss or theft of carriers of information constituting a state secret, other violations of the secrecy regime, as well as in cases of disclosure of information constituting a state secret;
7. Registration of admissions to state secrets for employees of the Department, heads of structural divisions, heads of self-regulatory organizations of arbitration managers, control of the validity of admissions;
8. Keeping records of the awareness of the employees of the Department of information constituting a state secret, instructing employees who are aware of the information constituting a state secret when they are sent abroad;
9. Instructing employees of the Department admitted to state secrets, monitoring their knowledge of the requirements of regulatory documents on the regime of secrecy;
27. Formation of established reporting on the subject of the department's activities.
28. Coordination and control over the activities of the territorial departments of the Department on the activities of the Department.
29. Participation in inspections of structural divisions of the Department and subordinate institutions.
State secrets are information whose leakage to third parties, as well as use without proper procedure and for non-official purposes, can cause damage to the state.
The direct protection of state secrets (abbreviated as ZGT) is a set of measures aimed at clearly defining secret information and preventing their disclosure and distribution. Military personnel, due to the special specificity of their professional activities, are those persons who, in order to protect the security of the country and the integrity of its territory, are entrusted with the implementation of many HRT activities. The procedure for access to secret information established for the army is strictly observed, as well as covert checks of the safety of information, a record of the awareness of persons is kept and the protection of classified information is regulated after the serviceman has been terminated access to state secrets.
The history of HRT in the army: the first innovations in tsarist Russia
In fact, the protection of state secrets, in particular those related to the conduct of military service, available funds, reserves, training strategies and the characteristics of the actions of employees, have been given increased attention since the days of Russian Empire. This is not an innovation caused by some political and military instabilities in the world, but a necessary important security measure for the army.
History of legislative regulation HRT in the army and in Russia it has been officially counting since 1724, it was in that year that Peter the Great signed a decree “On matters of secrecy subject.” On the basis of this royal decree, even the unintentional disclosure of secret information was classified as a state crime and was subject to serious punishment.
It is interesting that in the Russian Empire, although they introduced a state secret with the legal protection of such information, centralized system data protection has not been developed. There were also problems with the clarity of understanding the secrecy of data. HRT was handled by several departments separately (Police Department, War Department, and Foreign Affairs), each within its scope provided and controlled protection.
A general, special list of information and images relating to the external security of Russia was first published and approved in 1914. According to him, the disclosure of secret data and information was subject to criminal punishment.
With the advent of Soviet power, measures for HRT became more ambitious, tougher. In October 1921, the Council of People's Commissars compiled its own list of data, which from now on were secret and were subject to the strictest preservation. This list included information relating to the country's economy and military nature. Five years later, the list was expanded with the section "Information of a different kind". In particular, the following information was classified as state secret of a military nature:
- on the deployment of troops;
- about the supply of the army;
- on the provision of military units;
- about plans for mobilization;
- on the state of the military industry;
- about any inventions for military defense;
- about new equipment for the army;
- about the results of agreements with foreign countries concerning the development and supply of the army, exercises, etc.;
- about ways to combat counter-revolution and flourishing espionage.
This edition of the list of secret information became the most accurate and objectively suited for the next few decades, without even needing the slightest change.
Interesting! Many points have been preserved to this day, i.e. a century later, part of the list remains relevant.
During the Soviet era, the following changes were made after the war in 1947. But in terms of the army, nothing has changed, only a fourth section has been added, regarding export / import, mining of precious metals, geo-reserves. A significant change could also be called the addition of a clause giving the government the authority to recognize certain information as secret by its separate decisions.
How HRT is currently regulated
The concept of state secrets exists in modern Russia, its protection is regulated by the Constitution of the country (Article 29) and two Federal Laws (on state secrets and on security).
It should be noted right away that HRT does not contradict the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Freedoms, and every citizen really has the right to receive and disseminate information without restrictions and obstacles from the authorities and regardless of the borders of the state. But in paragraph 4 of Article 29 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation it is noted that information classified by federal law as “secret” is not subject to dissemination. AT this moment in this law, in the list of secret information subject to legal protection, there are only 26 positions. Separately, the criteria for the degree of secrecy are described, thus the data is allocated under the headings:
- "secret";
- "top secret";
- "of special importance".
The types of information that are not state secrets are also separated, in particular, they relate to the facts of human rights violations, emergency situations, and health status.
Features of the HRT procedure for persons in military service
Access to information recognized as a state secret is not automatically opened for a particular position, everything is done exclusively voluntarily, because. Ownership of data leads to a number of limitations. Previously, the person to whom access is supposed to be opened is subjected to verification by the competent authorities, these are the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the FSB, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Health. Checked:
- data specified by the candidate when filling out the relevant questionnaire;
- information about relatives;
- having a criminal record;
- facts of residence abroad;
- mental condition.
In order to avoid problems during the verification activities, the person filling out the questionnaire is obliged to provide only truthful answers. The result of the check can be either permission to open a permit for a serviceman or a refusal, and the refused structure is not obliged to give an account to the candidate about the reasons for the negative decision.
Reasons for rejection are usually:
- presence in the biography of a criminal record;
- diagnosed cases of nervous disorders;
- detection of compromising information about close relatives;
- long-term residence abroad, incl. members of the candidate's family permanently residing outside the Russian Federation;
- problems with HRT before.
Servicemen who have gained access to the GT are obligated to strictly comply with the instructions of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and certain requirements for handling documents, things and information carriers established for employees of secure facilities.
During the service of a person, periodic checks are carried out to guarantee HRT. At the end of the validity period, the permit may be extended. If a decision is made to close a person's access to classified information, this does not mean that the contract with the serviceman is automatically terminated. Transfer to another job (for example, to another military unit) cannot be considered a basis for terminating a previously issued permit if, in fact, a person continues the same activities as before, however, documentary familiarization with the content of the GT and the obligation to maintain it at a new duty station are mandatory.