Even in the phrase He is Russian" word Russian- also a noun, although it looks like an adjective. In English, nationalities are denoted more often by adjectives.
EltonJohnisEnglish - Elton John - English
Pablio Picasso was Spanish / a SpaniardPicassowasSpaniard
Adjective endings
Countries on – ia take an adjective ending – n .
Russia — Russian
Nationalities on – ian :
Belgian, Brazilian, Canadian, Egyptian, Ghanaian, Hungarian, Iranian, Italian, Jordanian, Norwegian, Palestinian, Peruvian, Ukrainian.
Nationalities on –(e)an :
American, Angolan, Chilean, Costa Rican, Cuban, German, Kenyan, Korean, Libyan, Mexican, Moroccan, Paraguayan, Singaporean, South African, Sri Lankan, Ugandan, Uruguayan, Venezuelan, Zairean, Zimbabwean
Nationalities on – ish :
British, Danish, English, Finnish, Irish, Polish, Scottish, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish
Nationalities on –ese :
Burmese, Chinese, Japanese, Lebanese, Maltese, Nepalese, Portuguese, Senegalese, Sudanese, Surinamese, Taiwanese, Vietnamese
Nationalities on – i :
Bangladeshi,bengali,iraqi,israeli,Kuwaiti,Omani,Pakistani,Panjabi/punjabi,qatari,saudi,Yemeni
Special exceptions - Afghan/Afghani, Argentine/Argentinian/Argentinean, Czech, Cypriot, Dutch, Philippine, Greek, Hindu, Mozambican/Mozambiquan/Mozambiquean, Pashto/Pushto/Pushtu, Swiss, Thai, Welsh.
Nouns of nationality
Adjectives and nouns of nationalities in -an match:
American - American =anAmerican - American
Nouns of other nationalities differ from adjectives.
Arabian–an Arab
British – a Brit(on)/Britisher
Danish-a Dane
Dutch – a Dutchman/Dutchwoman(Dutchman)
English-an Englishman/Englishwoman
Finnish-a Finn
French—a Frenchman/Frenchwoman
Irish – an Irishman/Irishwoman
Polish—a Pole
Philippine - a Filipino
Scottish - a Scot/Scotsman/Scotswoman
Spanish-a Spaniard
Swedish-a Swede
Turkish-a Turk
Welsh-a Welshman/Welshwoman
Substantiationnationalities
When generalizing nationality to – i/an become nouns. Therefore, they can and should end with -s , and the article the serves here only to enhance the collectivity.
Americanslove hamburgers - Americanslovehamburgers
The rest of the collective nationalities, on the contrary, require the and exclude — s.
The Englishthink the sense of humor is very important - Englishconsider, whatfeelinghumorveryimportant
The Irishsing very well - Irishverywellsing
English Joke
A woman in the mountains of Tennessee was seated in the doorway of the cabin, busily eating some pig’s feet. A neighbor hurried up to tell of how her husband had become engaged in a saloon brawl and had been shot to death. The widow continued munching on a pig's foot in silence while she listened to the harrowing news. As the narrator paused, she spoke thickly from her crowded mouth:
"Jest wait till I finish this-here pig's trotter, an' ye'll hear some hollerin' as is hollerin'."
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Sometimes people say: “He speaks Germany. She is from French. You can understand, butthey say incorrectly. And all becausethat the names of countries-nationalities-languages are very similar. It is easy to confuse ifdon't know for sure. Learn for sure! Peopleshould know where you are from.What is surprising: when you first look atcountries and nationalities (in English), andalso adjectives that describeproducts, services from these countriesnotice that they are written with a largeletters! How respectful! (ANDthe pronoun "I" they also write withcapital letter. They love and respect themselves! BUT we?!)
Nationality in English is an adjective , which describeswhere a person, food, etc.My grandfather often repeated: “Look! Lookwhat are you!” And in the nationalitiesI noticed a lot of words in English-ish ending: Danish, Spanish, Turkish, andetc. I remembered and remembered my grandfather ...
Here's some good news for newbies. English: many names of languages andnationalities match! Learned the languageand voila: you already know automaticallynationality! Just beforenationality in the singularyou need to add the article a/an:And Belarusian smiled at me very friendly. -The Belarusian smiled at me kindly.There are, of course, a couple of exceptions (but what about without them!).
Table of mismatched spellings and the sound of nationalities and languages.
| Country | nationality (person) | language |
| Australia | Australian | English |
| Belgium | Belgian [ˈbɛldʒən] | French or Flemish |
| Brazil | Brazilian | Portuguese |
| Britain | british | English |
| Canada | Canadian | English or French |
| China | Chinese | Mandarin (and Chinese) |
| Egypt | Egyptian [ɪˈdʒɪpʃən] | Arabic |
| Finland | Finn | Finnish |
| Mexico | Mexican | Spanish |
| Northern Ireland | Irish (an Irishman) | English |
| Poland | Pole | Polish |
| Scotland | Scottish | English or Gaelic [ˈgeɪlɪk] |
| Southern Ireland | Irish | English |
| Switzerland | Swiss | French / German / Italian |
| The UK | british | English |
Learn the words:
Guess:
- She can see the Eiffel Tower from her balcony. What city and country does she live in?
- He drives a very expensive red Ferrari. What country makes such posh cars?
- My uncle lives in Warsaw more than 30 years. Of course he can speak ____!
- I adore sushi! Do you know which cuisine is it? (cuisine n kitchen)
- My friend from Moscow presented me Matryoshka yesterday! Oh, it`s a very awesome traditional ___ doll!
- I was in Rome last month. Oh, those ___ men! It seems to me they know only one word "belissima!".
- When we were in Texas we saw real cowboys. I asked one of them: “Do youspeak American? He smiled at me andanswered: “Nope, young lady! We speak ____!”
Activate!
- Do you know the nationalities of your grand-grandparents?
- Can you draw a flag of your country?
- How many languages can you speak?
- What language is spoken in many countries of the world?
- Today is the 21st century. But why people still use the services of human translators?
An important aspect of any language is the name of countries, nationalities and languages. In each language, these names are individual and reflect the grammatical and phonetic structure of the given language.
In this article, the names of countries, languages and nationalities in English will be provided with transcription and their translation into Russian. You will also find the capitals of all countries of the world, the names of the inhabitants and the nation and country.
Countries and capitals
| Country name in English | Country name in Russian | Name of the country's capital in English | Name of the country's capital in Russian |
| Afghanistan [æfˈɡænᵻstæn] |
Afghanistan | Kabul | Kabul |
| Albania | Albania | Tirana | Tirana |
| Algeria [ælˈdʒɪə.ri.ə] |
Algeria | Algeria | Algeria |
| Andorra | Andorra | Andorra la Vella [ənˈdorə ɫə ˈβeʎə] |
Andorra La Viella |
| Angola [æŋˈɡoʊlə] |
Angola | Luanda | Luanda |
| Argentina [ɑːrdʒənˈtiːnə] |
Argentina | Buenos Aires [ˈbweɪnəs ˈɛəriːz] |
Buenos Aires |
| Armenia [ɑːrˈmiːniə] |
Armenia | Yerevan | Yerevan |
| Australia [ɒˈstreɪliən] |
Australia | Canberra | Canberra |
| Austria | Austria | Vienna | Vein |
| Azerbaijan [ˌæz.ə.baɪˈdʒɑːn] |
Azerbaijan | Baku | Baku |
| Bahamas | Bahamas | Nassau | Nassau |
| Bahrain | Bahrain | Manama | Manama |
| Bangladesh | Bangladesh | Dhaka | Dhaka |
| Barbados | Barbados | Bridgetown | bridgetown |
| Belarus [ˌbel.əˈruːs] |
Belarus | Minsk | Minsk |
| Belgium | Belgium | Brussels | Brussels |
| Bhutan | Butane | Thimphu | Thimphu |
| Bolivia | Bolivia | Sucre | Sucre |
| Bosnia-Herzegovina [ˌbɒz.ni.əˌhɜːt.səˈɡɒv.ɪ.nə] |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | Sarajevo | Sarajevo |
| Botswana | Botswana | Gaborone [χabʊˈrʊnɛ] |
Gaborone |
| Brazil | Brazil | Brazil | Brasilia |
| Britain | Britannia | — | — |
| Bulgaria | Bulgaria | Sofia | Sofia |
| Burma ( official name Myanmar | Burma | Naypyidaw | Naypyidaw |
| Burundi | Burundi | Bujumbura | Bujumbura |
| Cambodia | Cambodia | Phnom Penh | Phnom Penh |
| Cameroon [ˌkæm.əˈruːn] |
Cameroon | Yaounde | Yaounde |
| Canada [ˈkæn.ə.də] | Canada | Ottawa | Ottawa |
| Cape Verde Islands | Cape Verde | Praia | praia |
| Chad | Chad | N'Djamena [əndʒɑːˈmeɪnɑː] |
Ndjamena |
| Chile | Chile | Santiago | Santiago |
| China | China | Beijing [ˌbeɪˈdʒɪŋ] |
Beijing |
| Colombia | Colombia | Bogota [ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː] |
Santa Fe de Bogota |
| Democratic Republic of the [ˈkɒŋ.ɡəʊ] |
Democratic Republic of the Congo | Kinshasa | Kinshasa |
| Costa Rica [ˌkɒs.tə ˈriː.kə] |
Costa Rica | San Jose | San Jose |
| Croatia | Croatia | Zagreb | Zagreb |
| Cuba | Cuba | Havana | Havana |
| Cyprus | Cyprus | Nicosia [ˌnɪkəˈsiːə] |
Nicosia |
| Czech Republic [ˌtʃek rɪˈpʌblɪk] |
Czech Republic | Prague | Prague |
| Denmark | Denmark | Copenhagen | Copenhagen |
| Dominican Republic | Dominican Republic | Santo Domingo [ˈsanto ðoˈmiŋɡo] |
Santo Dominigo |
| Ecuador [ˈek.wə.dɔːr] |
Ecuador | Quito | Quito |
| Egypt [ˈiː.dʒɪpt] |
Egypt | Cairo | Cairo |
| El Salvador [ˌel ˈsæl.və.dɔːr] |
El Salvador | San Salvador [ˌsæn ˈsæl.və.dɔːr] |
San Salvador |
| England [ˈɪŋ.ɡlənd] |
England | — | — |
| Eritrea | Eritrea | Asmara | Asmara |
| Estonia | Estonia | Tallinn | Tallinn |
| Ethiopia | Ethiopia | Addis Ababa | Addis Ababa |
| Fiji [ˈfiː.dʒiː] |
Fiji | Suva | Suva |
| Finland | Finland | Helsinki | Helsinki |
| France | France | Paris | Paris |
| Gabon | Gabon | Libreville | Libreville |
| Gambia, the [ˈɡæm.bi.ə] |
Gambia | Banjul | banjul |
| Georgia | Georgia | Tbilisi | Tbilisi |
| Germany [ˈdʒɜː.mə.ni] |
Germany | Berlin | Berlin |
| Ghana | Ghana | Accra | Accra |
| Greece | Greece | Athens | Athens |
| Grenada [ɡrəˈneɪ.də] |
Grenada | St. George's | St. George's |
| Guatemala [ɡwɑː.təˈmɑː.lə] |
Guatemala | Guatemala City [ɡwɑː.təˈmɑː.lə] |
Guatemala |
| Guinea | Guinea | Conakry | Conakry |
| Guyana [ɡaɪˈæn.ə] |
Guyana | Georgetown | Georgetown |
| haiti | Haiti | port-au-prince [ˌpɔːrtoʊˈprɪns] |
Port-au-Prince |
| Holland ( also Netherlands) | Holland, Netherlands | Amsterdam [ˈæmstrərdæm] |
Amsterdam |
| Honduras | Honduras | Tegucigalpa | Tegucigalpa |
| Hungary [ˈhʌŋ.ɡər.i] |
Hungary | Budapest | Budapest |
| Iceland | Iceland | Reykjavik [ˈreiːcaˌviːk] |
Reykjavik |
| India | India | New Delhi [ˌnjuː ˈdɛli] |
New Delhi |
| Indonesia [ˌɪn.dəˈniː.ʒə] |
Indonesia | Jakarta | Jakarta |
| Iran | Iran | Tehran | Tehran |
| Iraq | Iraq | Baghdad | Baghdad |
| Ireland, Republic of [ˈaɪə.lənd] |
Ireland | Dublin | Dublin |
| Italy | Italy | Rome | Rome |
| Jamaica | Jamaica | Kingston | kingston |
| Japan | Japan | Tokyo | Tokyo |
| Jordan [ˈdʒɔː.dən] |
Jordan | Amman | Amman |
| Kazakhstan [ˌkæz.ækˈstɑːn] |
Kazakhstan | Astana [əsˈtɑːnə] |
Astana |
| Kenya | Kenya | Nairobi | Nairobi |
| Kuwait | Kuwait | Kuwait City | El Kuwait |
| laos | Laos | Vientiane | Vientiane |
| Latvia | Latvia | Riga | Riga |
| lebanon | Lebanon | Beirut | Beirut |
| Libya | Libya | Tripoli | Tripoli |
| Liechtenstein [ˈlɪk.tən.staɪn] |
Liechtenstein | Vaduz | Vaduz |
| Lithuania [ˌlɪθ.juˈeɪ.ni.ə] |
Lithuania | Vilnius [ˈvʲɪlʲnʲʊs] |
Vilnius |
| Luxembourg | Luxembourg | Luxembourg [ˈlʌksəmbɜːrɡ] |
Luxembourg |
| Macedonia [ˌmæs.əˈdəʊ.ni.ə] |
Macedonia | Skopje | Skopje |
| Madagascar [ˌmæd.əˈɡæs.kər] |
Madagascar | Antananarivo [ˌæntəˌnænəˈriːvoʊ] |
Antananarivo |
| Malawi | Malawi | Lilongwe | Lilongwe |
| Malaysia | Malaysia | Kuala Lumpur [ˈkwɑːləˈlʊmpʊər] |
Kuala Lumpur |
| Maldives [ˈmɔːl.diːvz] |
Maldives | Male | Male |
| Mali | Mali | Bamako | Bamako |
| Malta | Malta | Valletta | Valletta |
| Mauritania [ˌmɒr.ɪˈteɪ.ni.ə] |
Mauritania | Nouakchott | Nouakchott |
| Mauritius | Mauritius | Port Louis | Port Louis |
| Mexico [ˈmek.sɪ.kəʊ] |
Mexico | mexico city [ˈmek.sɪ.kəʊ siti] |
mexico city |
| Moldova | Moldova | Chisinau | Kishinev |
| Monaco [ˈmɒn.ə.kəʊ] |
Monaco | Monaco | Monaco |
| Mongolia | Mongolia | Ulaanbaatar | Ulaanbaatar |
| Montenegro [ˌmɒn.tɪˈniː.ɡrəʊ] |
Montenegro | Podgorica [ˈpɒdɡəriːtsə] |
Podgorica |
| Morocco | Morocco | Rabat | Rabat |
| Mozambique [ˌməʊ.zæmˈbiːk] |
Mozambique | Maputo | Maputo |
| Namibia | Namibia | Windhoek | Windhoek |
| Nepal | Nepal | Kathmandu [ˌkɑːtmɑːnˈduː] |
Kathmandu |
| Netherlands, the ( see Holland) [ˈneð.ɚ.ləndz] |
Netherlands, Holland | Amsterdam [ˈæmstrərdæm] |
Amsterdam |
| New Zealand [ˌnjuː ˈziː.lənd] |
New Zealand | Wellington [ˈwɛlɪŋtən] |
Wellington |
| Nicaragua | Nicaragua | Managua | Managua |
| Nigeria | Niger | Niamey | Niamey |
| Nigeria | Nigeria | Abuja | Abuja |
| North Korea [ˌnɔːθ kəˈriː.ə] |
North Korea | Pyongyang [ˈpjɒŋˈjæŋ] |
Pyongyang |
| Norway | Norway | Oslo | Oslo |
| Pakistan [ˌpɑː.kɪˈstɑːn] |
Pakistan | Islamabad [ɪzˈlɑːməˌbɑːd] |
Islambad |
| Panama [ˈpæn.ə.mɑː] |
Panama | panama city | Panama |
| Papua New Guinea | Papua New Guinea | Port Moresby [ˌpɔərt ˈmɔərzbi] |
Port Moresby |
| Paraguay [ˈpær.ə.ɡwaɪ] |
Paraguay | Asuncion | Asuncion |
| Peru | Peru | Lima | Lima |
| the Philippines [ˈfɪl.ɪ.piːnz] |
Philippines | Manila | Manila |
| Poland [ˈpəʊ.lənd] |
Poland | Warsaw | Warsaw |
| Portugal [ˈpɔː.tʃə.ɡəl] |
Portugal | Lisbon | Lisbon |
| Qatar | Qatar | Doha | Doha |
| Romania | Romania | Bucharest [ˈbjuːkərɛst] |
Bucharest |
| Russia | Russia | Moscow | Moscow |
| Rwanda | Rwanda | Kigali | Kigali |
| Saudi Arabia [ˌsaʊ.di əˈreɪ.bi.ə] |
Saudi Arabia | Riyadh | Riyadh |
| Scotland [ˈskɒt.lənd] |
Scotland | Edinburgh [ˈɛdɪnbərə] |
Edinburgh |
| Senegal [ˌsen.ɪˈɡɔːl] |
Senegal | Dakar [dɑːˈkɑːr] |
Dakar |
| Serbia | Serbia | Belgrade [ˈbɛlɡreɪd] |
Belgrade |
| Seychelles, the | Seychelles | Victoria | Victoria |
| Sierra Leone | Sierra Leone | Freetown | Freetown |
| Singapore [ˈsɪŋɡəpɔːr] |
Singapore | Singapore [ˈsɪŋɡəpɔːr] |
Singapore |
| Slovakia | Slovakia | Bratislava [ˌbrætᵻˈslɑːvə] |
Bratislava |
| Slovenia | Slovenia | Ljubljana | Ljubljana |
| Somalia | Somalia | Mogadishu | Mogadishu |
| South Africa [ˌsaʊθ ˈæf.rɪ.kə] |
Republic of South Africa | Pretoria | Pretoria |
| South Korea [ˌsaʊθ kəˈriː.ə] |
South Korea | Seoul | Seoul |
| Spain | Spain | Madrid | Madrid |
| Sri Lanka [ˌsriː ˈlæŋ.kə] |
Sri Lanka | Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte | Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte |
| Sudan | Sudan | Khartoum | Khartoum |
| Suriname [ˌsʊə.rɪˈnæm] |
Suriname | Paramaribo [ˌpaːraːˈmaːriboː] |
Paramaribo |
| Swaziland [ˈswɑː.zi.lænd] |
Swaziland | Mbabane [(əm)bɑˈbɑn(i)] | Mbabane |
| Sweden | Sweden | Stockholm | Stockholm |
| Switzerland [ˈswɪt.sə.lənd] |
Switzerland | Bern | Berne |
| Syria | Syria | Damascus | Damascus |
| Taiwan | Taiwan | Taipei | Taipei |
| Tajikistan | Tajikistan | Dushanbe | Dushanbe |
| Tanzania [ˌtæn.zəˈniː.ə] |
Tanzania | Dodoma | Dodoma |
| Thailand [ˈtaɪ.lænd] |
Thailand | Bangkok | Bangkok |
| Togo [ˈtəʊ.ɡəʊ] |
Togo | Lome | Lome |
| Trinidad and Tobago [ˌtrɪn.ɪ.dæd ənd təˈbeɪ.ɡəʊ] |
Trinidad and Tobago | Port of Spain | Port of Spain |
| Tunisia [ˈtʃuː.nɪz.i.ə] |
Tunisia | Tunisia | Tunisia |
| Turkey | Turkey | Ankara | Ankara |
| Turkmenistan [ˌtɜːkˌmen.ɪˈstɑːn] |
Turkmenistan | Ashgabat | Ashgabat |
| Tuvalu | Tuvalu | funafuti | funafuti |
| Uganda | Uganda | Kampala | Kampala |
| Ukraine | Ukraine | Kiev | Kyiv |
| United Arab Emirates (UAE) | United Arab Emirates | Abu Dhabi [ˈɑːbuː ˈdɑːbi] |
Abu Dhabi |
| United Kingdom (UK) | United Kingdom | London | London |
| United States of America (USA) [ˌjʊ.naɪ.tɪd ˌsteɪts əv əˈmer.ɪ.kə] |
USA | Washington, D.C. [ˌwɒʃ.ɪŋ.tən] |
Washington |
| Uruguay [ˈjʊə.rə.ɡwaɪ] |
Uruguay | Montevideo | Montevideo |
| Uzbekistan [ʊzˌbek.ɪˈstɑːn] |
Uzbekistan | Tashkent [ˌtæʃˈkɛnt] |
Tashkent |
| Vatican City [ˌvæt.ɪ.kən ˈsɪt.i] |
Vatican | Vatican City | Vatican |
| Venezuela [ˌven.ɪˈzweɪ.lə] |
Venezuela | Caracas | Caracas |
| Vietnam | Vietnam | Hanoi | Hanoi |
| Wales | Wales | Cardiff | Cardiff |
| Yemen | Yemen | Sana'a | Sana'a |
| Zambia | Zambia | Lusaka | Lusaka |
| Zimbabwe | Zimbabwe | Harare | Harare |
Major languages and adjective denoting belonging to a country
| Main language languages of the country in English | Main language languages of the country in Russian | adjective in english | Adjective in Russian |
| Dari | Pashto, give | Afghanistan | Afghan |
| Albanian [ælˈbeɪniən] |
Albanian | Albanian | Albanian |
| Arabic | Arab | Algerian [ælˈdʒɪə.ri.ən] |
Algerian |
| Catalan | Catalan | Andorran [ænˈdɔːrən] |
Andorran |
| Portuguese | Portuguese | Angolan [æŋˈɡoʊlən] |
Angolan |
| Spanish | Spanish | Argentinian [ɑːrdʒənˈtiːniən] |
Argentinean |
| Armenian [ɑːrˈmiːniən] |
Armenian | Armenian | Armenian |
| English | English | Australian | Australian |
| German | Deutsch | Austrian | Austrian |
| Azerbaijani [ˌæz.ə.baɪˈdʒɑːni] |
Azerbaijani | Azerbaijan [ˌæz.ə.baɪˈdʒɑːnian] |
Azerbaijani |
| English | English | Bahamian | Bahamian |
| Arabic | Arab | Bahraini | Bahraini |
| Bangla | Bengal | Bangladeshi | Bangladeshi |
| Bajan | Baijan, English | Barbadian | Barbadian |
| Belorussian [ˌbel.əˈruːs] |
Belarusian, Russian | Belarusian or Belarusian | Belorussian |
| French | French | Belgian | Belgian |
| Dzongkha | Dzongkha (bhotiya) | Bhutanese | Bhutanese |
| Spanish | Spanish, Aymara, Quechua | Bolivian | Bolivian |
| Bosnian | Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian | Bosnian | Bosnian |
| Tswana | English, Tswana | Botswanan | Botsavan |
| Portuguese | Portuguese | Brazilian | Brazilian |
| English | English | british | British |
| Bulgarian | Bulgarian | Bulgarian | Bulgarian |
| Burmese | Burmese | Burmese | Burmese |
| Kirundi and French | Kirundi, French | Burundian | Burundian |
| Khmer | Khmer | Cambodian | Cambodian |
| French | French, English | cameroonian | Cameroonian |
| French | French, English | Canadian | Canadian |
| Portuguese | Portuguese | Cape Verdean | Cape Verdi |
| French | French, Arabic | Chadian | Chadic |
| Spanish | Spanish | Chilean | Chilean |
| Standard Chinese | Chinese | Chinese | Chinese |
| Spanish | Spanish | Colombian | Colombian |
| French | French | Congolese | Congo |
| Spanish | Spanish | Costa Rican | Costa Rican |
| Croatian | Croatian | Croat or Croatian | Croatian |
| Spanish | Spanish | Cuban | Cuban |
| Greek | Greek, Turkish | Cypriot | Cypriot |
| Czech | Czech | Czech | Czech |
| Danish | Danish | Danish | Danish |
| Spanish | Spanish | Dominican | Dominican |
| Spanish | Spanish | ecuadorean | Ecuadorian |
| Arabic | Arab | Egyptian | Egyptian |
| Spanish | Spanish | Salvadorean | Elsalvadoran |
| English | English | English | English |
| Tigrinya | Tigrinya, Arabic | Eritrean | Eritrean |
| Estonian | Estonian | Estonian | Estonian |
| Amharic | Amharic | Ethiopian | Ethiopian |
| English | English | Fijian | Fijian |
| Finnish | Finnish | Finnish | Finnish |
| French | French | French | French |
| French | French | Gabonese | Gabonese |
| English | English | Gambian | Gambian |
| Georgian | Georgian | Georgian | Georgian |
| German | Deutsch | German | Deutsch |
| English | English | Ghanaian | Ghanaian |
| Greek | Greek | Greek | Greek |
| English | English | Grenadian | Grenadian |
| Spanish | Spanish | Guatemalan | Guatemalan |
| French | French | Guinean | Guinean |
| English | English | Guyanese | Guyanese |
| French | French | haitian | Haitian |
| Dutch | Dutch | Dutch | Dutch |
| Spanish | Spanish | Honduran | Honduran |
| Magyar (Hungarian) | Hungarian | Hungarian | Hungarian |
| Icelandic | Icelandic | Icelandic | Icelandic |
| Hindi English | Hindi, English | Indian | Indian |
| Bahasa Indonesia | Indonesian | Indonesian | Indonesian |
| Persian | Persian | Iranian | Iranian |
| Arabic | Arabic, Kurdish | Iraqi | Iraqi |
| English, Irish (Gaelic) | Irish, English | Irish | Irish |
| Italian | Italian | Italian | Italian |
| English | English | Jamaican | Jamaican |
| Japanese | Japanese | Japanese | Japanese |
| Arabic | Arab | Jordanian | Jordan |
| Kazakh | Kazakh | Kazakh | Kazakh |
| English | Swahili, English | Kenyan | Kenyan |
| Arabic | Arab | Kuwaiti | Kuwaiti |
| Lao | Laotian | Laotian | Laotian |
| Latvian | Latvian | Latvian | Latvian |
| Arabic | Arab | Lebanese | Lebanese |
| Arabic | Arab | Libyan | Libyan |
| German | Deutsch | — | Liechtenstein |
| Lithuanian | Lithuanian | Lithuanian | Lithuanian |
| Luxermbourgish | German, French | Luxermbourgish | Luxembourgish |
| Macedonian | Macedonian | Macedonian | Macedonian |
| Malagasy and French | Malagasy, French | Malagasy or Madagascan | Madagascar |
| Chichewa | English, Chichewa | Malawian | Malawian |
| Bahasa Melayu | Malaysian | Malaysian | Malaysian |
| Maldivian Dhivehi | Maldivian (dhivehi) | Maldivian | Maldivian |
| French | French | Malian | Malian |
| French | Maltese, English | Maltese | Maltese |
| Hassaniya Arabic | Arab | Mauritanian | Mauritanian |
| English | English | Mauritian | Mauritian |
| Spanish | Spanish | Mexican | Mexican |
| Moldovan | Moldavian | Moldovan | Moldavian |
| French | French | Monegasque or Monacan | Monegasque |
| Mongolian | Mongolian | Mongolian | Mongolian |
| Serbian Montenegrin | Serbian | Montenegrin | Montenegrin |
| Arabic | Arab | Moroccan | Moroccan |
| Portuguese | Portuguese | Mozambican | Mozambican |
| English | English | Namibian | Namibian |
| Nepali | Nepal | Nepalese | Nepali |
| Dutch, Frisian | Dutch | Dutch | Dutch |
| English | English | New Zealand (used attributively only, as in New Zealand butter but not He is New Zealand) | New Zealand |
| Spanish | Spanish | Nicaraguan | Nicaraguan |
| French | French | Nigerien | nigerian |
| Spanish | English | Nigerian | Nigerian |
| Korean | Korean | North Korean | North Korean |
| Norwegian | Norwegian | Norwegian | Norwegian |
| Urdu | English, Urdu | Pakistani | Pakistani |
| Spanish | Spanish | Panamanian | Panamanian |
| English | English | Papua New Guinean or Guinean | Guinean |
| Spanish, Guarani | Spanish, Guarani | Paraguayan | Paraguayan |
| Spanish Quechua | Spanish, Aymara, Quechua | Peruvian | Peruvian |
| Filipino | English, Tagalog | Philippine | Philippine |
| Polish | Polish | Polish | Polish |
| Portuguese | Portuguese | Portuguese | Portuguese |
| Arabic | Arab | Qatari | Qatari |
| Romanian | Romanian | Romanian | Romanian |
| Russian | Russian | Russian | Russian, Russian |
| English and French | English French | Rwandan | Rwandan |
| Arabic | Arab | Saudi Arabian or Saudi | Arabian |
| Scottish | Scottish | Scottish | Scottish |
| Scottish | French | Senegalese | Senegalese |
| Serbian | Serbian | Serb or Serbian | Serbian |
| Seselwa Creole | English, Creole, | Seychellois | Seychelles |
| English | English | Sierra Leonian | Leonese |
| Malay | Malay, English, | Singaporean | Singaporean |
| Slovak | Slovak | Slovak | Slovak |
| Slovenian | Slovenian | Slovene or Slovenian | Slovenian |
| Somalia | Somali, Arabic | Somalia | Somali |
| Africanans | English, Afrikaans | South Africa | South African |
| Korean | Korean | South Korean | South Korean |
| Spanish | Spanish | Spanish | Spanish |
| Sinhala | Sinhalese, Tamil | Sri Lankan | Sri Lankan |
| Arabic | Arab | Sudanese | Sudanese |
| Dutch | Dutch | Surinamese | Surinamese |
| English | English, Swazi | Swazi | Swazi |
| Swedish | Swedish | Swedish | Swedish |
| German French Italian Romansch | German, French, Italian, Romansh | Swiss | Swiss |
| Arabic | Arab | Syrian | Syrian |
| Chinese | Chinese | Taiwanese | Taiwanese |
| Tajik | Tajik | Tajik or Tajik | Tajik |
| Swahili English | Swahili, English | Tanzanian | Tanzanian |
| Thai | Thai | Thai | Thai |
| French | French | Togolese | Togsky |
| English | English | Trinidadian Tobagan Tobagonian |
Trinidadian |
| Arabic | Arab | Tunisian | Tunisian |
| Turkish | Turkish | Turkish | Turkish |
| Turkish | Turkmen | Turkmen or Turkoman | Turkmen |
| English | English | Tuvaluan | Tuvalian |
| English | English | Ugandan | Ugandan |
| Ukrainian | Ukrainian | Ukrainian | Ukrainian |
| Arabic | Arab | UAE or Emirates | Arab |
| English | English | UK (used attributively only, as in UK time but not He is UK) or british | — |
| English | English | US (used attributively only, as in US aggression but not He is US) | American |
| Spanish | Spanish | Uruguayan | Uruguayan |
| Uzbek | Uzbek | Uzbek | Uzbek |
| Italian Latin | Latin, Italian | — | Vatican |
| Spanish | Spanish | Venezuelan | Venezuelan |
| Vietnamese | Vietnamese | Vietnamese | Vietnamese |
| Welsh | Welsh | Welsh | Welsh |
| Arabic | Arab | Yemeni | Yemeni |
| English | English | Zambian | Zambian |
| English | English | Zimbabwean | Zimbabwean |
Nationalities and names of inhabitants
| Nationality name in English | Name of nationality in Russian | Resident's name in English | Resident's name in Russian |
| the Afghanistan | Afghans | an Afghanistan | Afghan |
| the Albanian | Albanians | an Albanian | Albanian |
| the Algerian | Algerians | an Algerian | Algerian |
| the Andorran | Andorrans | an Andorran | Andorran |
| the Angolan | Angolans | an Angolan | Angolan |
| the Argentinian | Argentines | an Argentinian | Argentine |
| the Armenian | Armenians | an Armenian | Armenian |
| the Australian | Australians | an Australian | Australian |
| the Austrian | Austrians | an Austrian | Austrian |
| the Azerbaijani | Azerbaijanis | an Azerbaijani | Azerbaijani |
| the Bahamian | Bahamians | a Bahamian | Bahamian |
| the Bahraini | Bahrainis | a Bahraini | Bahraini |
| the Bangladeshi | Bangladeshis | a Bangladeshi | Bangladeshi |
| the Barbadian | Barbadians | a Barbadian | Barbadian |
| the Belarusian or the Belarusian | Belarusians | a Belarusian or a Belarusian | Belarusian |
| the Belgian | Belgians | a Belgian | Belgian |
| the Bhutanese | Bhutanese | a Bhutanese | Bhutanese |
| the Bolivian | Bolivians | a Bolivian | Bolivian |
| the Bosnian | Bosnians | a Bosnian | Bosnian |
| the Tswana | Botsavans | a Tswana | Botswana |
| the Brazilian | Brazilians | a Brazilian | Brazilian |
| the Briton | British | a Briton | British |
| the Bulgarian | Bulgarians | a Bulgarian | Bulgarian |
| the Burmese | Burmese | a Burmese | Burmese |
| the Burundian | Burundians | a Burundian | Burundian |
| the Cambodian | Cambodians | a Cambodian | Cambodian |
| the Cameroonian | Cameroonians | a Cameroonian | Cameroonian |
| the Canadian | Canadians | a Canadian | Canadian |
| the Cape Verdean | Inhabitants of Cape Verde | a Cape Verdean | Inhabitant of Cape Verde |
| the Chadian | Inhabitant of Chad | a Chadian | Inhabitant of Chad |
| the Chilean | Chileans | a Chilean | Chilean |
| the Chinese | Chinese | a Chinese | Chinese |
| the Colombian | Colombians | a Colombian | Colombian |
| the Congolese | Inhabitants of the Congo | a Congolese | Inhabitant of the Congo |
| the Costa Rican | Costa Ricans | a Costa Rican | Costa Rican |
| the Croat or the Croatian | Croatians | a Croat or a Croatian | Croat |
| the Cuban | Cubans | a Cuban | Cuban |
| the Cypriot | Inhabitants of Cyprus | a Cypriot | Cypriot |
| the Czech | Czechs | a Czech | Czech |
| the Dane | Danes | a Dane | Dane |
| the Dominican | Dominicans | a Dominican | Dominican |
| the Ecuadorean | Ecuadorians | an Ecuadorian | Ecuadorian |
| the Egyptian | Egyptians | an Egyptian | Egyptian |
| the Salvadorean | Inhabitants of El Salvador | a Salvadorean | Inhabitant of El Salvador |
| the English | English | an Englishman, an Englishwoman | Englishman |
| an Eritrean | Eritreans | an Eritrean | Eritrean |
| the Estonian | Estonians | an Estonian | Estonian |
| the Ethiopian | Eithels of Ethiopia | an Ethiopian | Ethiopian |
| the Fijian | Inhabitants of Fiji | the Fijian | Fijian |
| the Finn | Finns | a Finn | Finn |
| the Frenchmen | French people | a Frenchman, a Frenchwoman | Frenchman |
| the Gabonese | Gabonese | a Gabonese | Gabonese |
| the Gambian | Gambians | a Gambian | Gambian |
| the Georgian | Georgians | a Georgian | Georgian |
| the German | Germans | a German | German |
| the Ghanaian | Inhabitants of Ghana | a Ghanaian | Ghanaian |
| the Greek | Greeks | a Greek | Greek |
| the Grenadian | Inhabitants of Grenada | a Grenadian | grenadier |
| the Guatemalan | Guatemalans | a Guatemalan | Guatemalan |
| the Guinean | Guineans | a Guinean | Guinean |
| the Guyanese | Guyanese | a Guyanese | Guyanese |
| the haitian | Haitians | a Haitian | Haitian |
| the dutchmen | Dutch | a Dutchman, a Dutchwoman | Dutchman |
| the Honduran | Inhabitants of Honduras | a Honduran | Honduran |
| the Hungarian | Hungarians | a Hungarian | Hungarian |
| the Icelander | Icelanders | an Icelander | Icelander |
| the Indian | Indians | an Indian | Indian |
| the Indonesian | Indonesians | an Indonesian | Indonesian |
| the Iranian | Iranians | an Iranian | Iranian |
| the Iraqi | Iraqis | an Iraqi | Iraqi |
| the Irishmen | Irish | an Irishman, an Irishwoman | Irishman |
| the Italian | Italians | an Italian | Italian |
| the Jamaican | Jamaicans | a Jamaican | Jamaican |
| the Japanese | Japanese | a Japanese | Japanese |
| the Jordanian | Jordanians | a Jordanian | Jordanian |
| the Kazakh | Kazakhs | a Kazakh | Kazakh |
| the Kenyan | Kenyans | a Kenyan | Kenyan |
| the Kuwaiti | Inhabitants of Kuwait | a Kuwaiti | Kuwaiti |
| the Laotian | Laotians | a Laotian | Laotian |
| the Latvian | Latvians | a Latvian | Latvian |
| the Lebanese | Lebanese | a Lebanese | Lebanese |
| the Libyan | Libyans | a Libyan | Libyan |
| the Liechtensteiner | Inhabitants of Liechtenstein | a Liechtensteiner | Inhabitant of Liechtenstein |
| the Lithuanian | Lithuanians | a Lithuanian | Lithuanian |
| the Luxembourger | Luxembourgers | a Luxembourger | Luxembourger |
| the Macedonian | Macedonians | a Macedonian | Macedonian |
| the Malagasy or the Madagascan | Madagascans | a Malagasy or a Madagascan | Madagascar |
| the Malawian | Malawians | a Malawian | Malawian |
| the Malaysian | Malaysians | a Malaysian | Malaysian |
| the Maldivian | Inhabitants of the Maldives | a Maldivian | Inhabitant of the Maldives |
| the Malian | Malians | a Malian | Malian |
| the Maltese | Maltese | a Maltese | Maltese |
| the Mauritanian | Mauritanians | a Mauritanian | Mauritanian |
| the Mauritian | Mauritians | a Mauritian | Mauritian |
| the Mexican | Mexicans | a Mexican | Mexican |
| the Moldovan | Moldovans | a Moldovan | Moldavian |
| the Monegasque or the Monacan | Inhabitants of Monaco | a Monegasque or a Monacan | Inhabitant of Monaco |
| the Mongolian | Mongols | a Mongolian | Mongol |
| the Montenegrin | Montenegrins | a Montenegrin | Montenegrin |
| the Moroccan | Moroccans | a Moroccan | Moroccan |
| the Mozambican | Mozambicans | a Mozambican | Mozambique |
| the Namibian | Namibians | a Namibian | Namibian |
| the Nepalese | Nepalese | a Nepalese | Nepalese |
| the dutchmen or the Netherlanders | Dutch | a Dutchman, a Dutchwoman, or a Netherlander | Dutchman |
| the New Zealander | New Zealanders | a New Zealander | New Zealander |
| the Nicaraguan | Inhabitants of Nicaragua | a Nicaraguan | Nicaraguan |
| the Nigerien | Inhabitants of Niger | a Nigerian | nigerian |
| the Nigerian | Nigerians | a Nigerian | Nigerian |
| the North Korean | Koreans | a North Korean | Korean |
| the Norwegian | Norse | a Norwegian | Norwegian |
| the Pakistani | Pakistanis | a Pakistani | Pakistani |
| the Panamanian | Panamanians | a Panamanian | Panamanian |
| the Papua New Guinean or the Guinean | Guineans | a Papua New Guinean or a Guinean | Guinean |
| the Paraguayan | Paraguayans | a Paraguayan | Paraguayan |
| the Peruvian | Inhabitants of Peru | a Peruvian | Peruvian |
| the Filipino | Filipinos | a Filipino | Filipino |
| the Pole | Poles | a Pole | Pole |
| the Portuguese | Portuguese | a Portuguese | Portuguese |
| the Qatari | Qataris | a Qatari | Qatari |
| the Romanian | Romanians | a Romanian | Romanian |
| the Russian | Russians | a Russian | Russian |
| the Rwandan | Rwandans | a Rwandan | Rwandan |
| Saudi Arabian or the Saudi | Arabians | a Saudi Arabian or a Saudi | Arabian |
| the Scot | Scots | a Scot | Scot |
| the Senegalese | Senegalese | a Senegalese | Senegalese |
| the Serb or the Serbian | Serbs | a Serb or a Serbian | Serb |
| the Seychellois | Seychelles | A Seychellois | Seychellois |
| the Sierra Leonian | Leonese | the Sierra Leonian | Leonets |
| the Singaporean | Inhabitants of Singapore | a Singaporean | Singaporean |
| the Slovak | Slovaks | a Slovak | Slovak |
| the Slovene or the Slovenian | Slovenians | a Slovene or the Slovenian | Slovenian |
| the Somali | Somalis | a Somali | Somali |
| the South African | South Africans | a South African | South African |
| the South Korean | Koreans | A South Korean | Korean |
| the Spaniard | Spaniards | A Spaniard | Hispanic |
| the Sri Lankan | Inhabitants of Sri Lanka | a Sri Lankan | Sri Lankan |
| the Sudanese | Sudanese | A Sudanese | Sudanese |
| the Surinamer or the Surinamese | Surinamese | a Surinamer or a Surinamese | Surinamese |
| the Swazi | Swazis | a Swazi | Swazi |
| the swede | swedes | A swede | Swede |
| the Swiss | Swiss | a Swiss | Swiss |
| the Syrian | Syrians | a Syrian | Syrian |
| the Taiwanese | Taiwanese | a Taiwanese | Taiwanese |
| the Tajik or the Tajik | Tajikistan | a Tajik or the Tajik | Tajik |
| the Tanzanian | Tanzanians | a Tanzanian | Tanzanian |
| the Thai | Thais | a Thai | Thai |
| the Togolese | Inhabitants of Togo | a Togolese | Togo |
| the Trinidadian the Tobagan the Tobagonian |
Inhabitants of Trinidad and Tobago | a Trinidadian a Tobagan a Tobagonian |
Inhabitant of Trinidad and Tobago |
| the Tunisian | Tunisians | a Tunisian | Tunisian |
| the Turk | Turks | a Turk | Turk |
| the Turkmen | Turkmen people | a Turkmen or a Turkoman | Turkmen |
| the Tuvaluan | Inhabitants of Tuvalu | a Tuvaluan | Tuvaluan |
| the Ugandan | Ugandans | a Ugandan | Ugandan |
| the Ukrainian | Ukrainians | a Ukrainian | Ukrainian |
| the Emirates | Arabs | an Emirati | Arab |
| the Briton | Residents of the United Kingdom | a Briton | United Kingdom Resident |
| the US citizens | Americans | a US citizen | American |
| the Uruguayan | Uruguayans | a Uruguayan | Uruguayan |
| the Uzbek | Uzbeks | an Uzbek | Uzbek |
| — | Vaticans | — | Vatican |
| the Venezuelan | Venezuelans | a Venezuelan | Venezuelan |
| the Vietnamese | Vietnamese | A Vietnamese | Vietnamese |
| the Welshmen | Inhabitants of Wales | A Welshman, a Welshwoman | Welshman |
| the Yemeni | Inhabitants of Yemen | a Yemeni | Yemeni |
| the Zambian | Zambians | a Zambian | Zabmian |
| the Zimbabwean | Inhabitants of Zimbabwe | A Zimbabwean | Zimbabwean |
The topic "Countries and Nationalities" is studied at the very beginning elementary level. If you open any textbook of this level, then one of the first lessons will definitely touch on the topic of countries and nationalities. This is because using the names of different nationalities, it is convenient to work out the use of the verb to be.
From the very first lessons, students learn how to form the names of nationalities from the names of countries, but the list of words considered is usually small: a maximum of twenty of the most popular countries and nationalities. This is enough to get you started, but you will need more knowledge to explore further. In this article, we will explain the basic rules by which the names of nationalities are formed, as well as talk about various features the use of these words.
First of all, please remember that names of countries, languages, nationalities in English are capitalized.
From the name of any country, you can form an adjective using a specific suffix. For example:
Italy - Italy; Italian - Italian, Italian - Italian.
Do you speak Italian? - Do you speak Italian?
I like Italian food. - I love Italian food.
He is from Italy. He is Italian. - He's from Italy. He is Italian.
As you can see, the same word, formed from the name of a country, can be used in different ways. This adjective is the name of the language of this country and the name of the nationality. Many students, for example, forget about these derived words and just use the name of the country (Japan food, Spain singer, and so on). The name of the country cannot be an adjective, cannot describe the nationality or language of the country, so do not make such mistakes.
It should be noted that the name of the nationality and the language of the country do not always coincide. For example, in Brazil (Brazil), although Brazilians (Brazilian) live, they speak Portuguese (Portugese). It is the same with Arab countries, where the nationality of the country does not coincide with the language (Arabic).
However, it is impossible to classify all suffixes according to any one attribute, there are always exceptions. Let's take the suffix -ESE as an example: it would seem to be combined with the names of countries in Asia and Africa, but it also forms adjectives from the names of some countries in Europe and South America.
Let's look at the main suffixes that serve to form adjectives from country names:
|
Adjectives are formed using this suffix, regardless of what letter the name of the country ends in and where it is located. If the country name ends in -IA, then only -N is added: |
Argentina-Argentinian Russia-Russian |
|
|
If the name of the country ends in -A, then only -N is added, if the name ends in another vowel, -AN is added: |
Korea-Korean |
|
|
Mostly Asian countries, some African countries, other European countries and South America: |
China-Chinese |
|
|
Some adjectives are formed with the suffix -ISH: |
Britain-British |
|
|
Almost all countries that go with this suffix are Islamic countries, or countries where Arabic is spoken. |
Iraq - Iraqi |
|
|
suffixes |
Other suffixes can also be called exceptions, since some of them are single, used to form one nationality. |
France-French |
As mentioned earlier, many adjectives that can be formed using suffixes are the names of languages spoken in a particular country. In addition, these adjectives, combined with nouns, describe something specific to this country:
French literature - French literature
Japanese food - Japanese food
Mexican traditions - Mexican traditions
Egyptian culture - Egyptian history
To talk about nationalities in general, there are several ways in English that we will now get to know.
1. The + ADJECTIVE
From the article about you know that the can be combined with adjectives when the adjective denotes a group of people:
The Chinese are very traditional. - The Chinese are very traditional.
The Americans like fast food. - Americans love fast food.
Have you noticed that in the examples given, the word Americans is used with the ending -S, Chinese - without the ending? There are a few rules to remember about this:
If nationality-adjectives have endings -SH, -CH, -SS, -ESE, -I then they do not have a plural form (no -S is added to them):
the French - French
the Swiss
the Japanese - Japanese
the Scottish
the Iraqi - Iraqis
the Israeli - Israelis
Adjectives with ending -AN and some others have plural forms. These adjectives (unlike the ones above) can also act as nouns:
the Ukrainians - Ukrainians
the Brazilians
the Greeks - Greeks
the Thais - residents of Thailand
2. ADJECTIVE + PEOPLE
Any nationality can be designated using the word people in combination with an adjective. The article the is not needed:
Chinese people - Chinese
Italian people - Italians
English people - English people
3. Nouns.
Some nationalities have special nouns that do not match adjectives. These nouns can be used when speaking about all representatives of the nationality:
Denmark-the Danes
Finland - the Finns
Great Britain- the British
Poland - the Poles
Scotland - the Scots
Spain - the Spaniards
Sweden - the Swedes
the Netherlands - the Dutch
Turkey - the Turks
If you are talking about one person, then if this nationality has a noun, you can use it:
an American - American
an Italian - Italian
a Pole - Pole
a Turk - Turk
a Spaniard - Spaniard
a Briton - British
a swede
If there is no noun, or if you want to specify the gender of a person, then use the formula ADJECTIVE + MAN / WOMAN / BOY / GIRL:
an English boy
a Chinese woman
a French man(can be written together: a Frenchman)
an English man(can be written together: an Englishman)
AT English language there is a term demonym(from Greek demos- people and name- name). This term is intended to describe people living in a certain area. These are the names of nationalities, ethnic groups, residents of a particular area or a particular city. All of the above adjectives and nouns derived from country names are demonyms. Demonyms are formed mainly by suffixing:
London - Londoner - a resident of London
Kiev - Kievan - a resident of Kyiv
Rome - Roman - a resident of Rome
In this article, we will not provide a list of all nationalities and other demons. To begin with, it is enough for you to know the names of the nationalities of large and frequently mentioned countries. If the need arises, you can easily find lists of all nationalities without exception on the Internet. The main thing is to remember general rules and keep updating your knowledge. And don't forget to subscribe to our updates! I wish you success!
Forming a nationality into an adjective or noun using the name of a country is not so easy in English. Use the ending to write an adjective -ese or -ish with a plural verb to refer to all people of nationality. The names of the adjectives on the list also match the name of the language spoken in a particular country, although this is not always the case.
Examples
- The country: I live in Japan.
- Adjective: He likes Japanese food.
- Origin: She is a Japanese person. = She is from Japan. = She is Japanese.
- Language: She speaks Japanese.
- Description of a group of people: Spaniards often drink wine. = Spanish people often drink wine.
- Description of a group of people: The Chinese enjoy fireworks. = Chinese people enjoy fireworks.
There are cases in which a nationality or a local noun may have a negative connotation for some people for historical or political reasons. In this case, many people will not use this word, but will speak using a more neutral adjective + "people" or "people from" + the name of the country. These examples are marked with an asterisk. Alternative formulations that are least capable of causing offense are given in brackets.
| Geographic Region/Continent | Adjective | Noun |
|---|---|---|
| africa | African | an African* (an African person, someone from Africa) |
| Asia | Asian | an Asian* (an Asian person, someone from Asia) |
| Europe | European | a European |
| Central America | Central American | a Central American |
| Middle East | Middle East | a Middle Easterner |
| North Africa | North Africa | a North African |
| South America | South American | a South American |
| southeast Asia | southeast Asian | a Southeast Asian person |
| Country or region | Adjective | Noun |
|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | Afghanistan | an Afghanistan |
| Algeria | Algerian | an Algerian |
| Angola | Angolan | an Angolan |
| Argentina | Argentina | an Argentina |
| Austria | Austrian | an Austrian |
| Australia | Australian | an Australian |
| Bangladesh | Bangladeshi | a Bangladeshi |
| Belarus | Belarusian | a Belarusian |
| Belgium | Belgian | a Belgian |
| Bolivia | Bolivian | a Bolivian |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | Bosnian/Herzegovinian | a Bosnian/a Herzegovinian |
| Brazil | Brazilian | a Brazilian |
| Britain | british | a Briton (informally: a Brit) |
| Bulgaria | Bulgarian | a Bulgarian |
| Cambodia | Cambodian | a Cambodian |
| Cameroon | cameroonian | a Cameroonian |
| Canada | Canadian | a Canadian |
| Central African Republic | Central African | a Central African |
| Chad | Chadian | a Chadian |
| China | Chinese | a Chinese person |
| Colombia | Colombian | a Colombian |
| Costa Rica | Costa Rican | a Costa Rican |
| Croatia | Croatian | a Croat |
| the Czech Republic | Czech | a Czech person |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | Congolese | a Congolese person (note: also applies to people from the Republic of the Congo) |
| Denmark | Danish | a Dane |
| Ecuador | Ecuadorian | an Ecuadorian |
| Egypt | Egyptian | an Egyptian |
| El Salvador | Salvadoran | a Salvadoran (also possible spelling Salvadorian & Salvadorean) |
| England | English | an Englishman/Englishwoman |
| Estonia | Estonian | an Estonian |
| Ethiopia | Ethiopian | an Ethiopian |
| Finland | Finnish | a Finn |
| France | French | a Frenchman/Frenchwoman |
| Germany | German | a German |
| Ghana | Ghanaian | a Ghanaian |
| Greece | Greek | a Greek |
| Guatemala | Guatemalan | a Guatemalan |
| Holland | Dutch | a Dutchman/Dutchwoman |
| Honduras | Honduran | a Honduran |
| Hungary | Hungarian | a Hungarian |
| Iceland | Icelandic | an Icelander |
| India | Indian | an Indian |
| Indonesia | Indonesian | an Indonesian |
| Iran | Iranian | an Iranian |
| Iraq | Iraqi | an Iraqi |
| Ireland | Irish | an Irishman/Irishwoman |
| Israel | Israeli | an Israeli |
| Italy | Italian | an Italian |
| Ivory Coast | Ivorian | an Ivorian |
| Jamaica | Jamaican | a Jamaican |
| Japan | Japanese | a Japanese person |
| Jordan | Jordanian | a Jordanian |
| Kazakhstan | Kazakh | a Kazakhstani (used as a noun, "a Kazakh" refers to an ethnic group, not a nationality) |
| Kenya | Kenyan | a Kenyan |
| laos | Lao | a Laotian (used as a noun, "a Lao" refers to an ethnic group, not a nationality) |
| Latvia | Latvian | a Latvian |
| Libya | Libyan | a Libyan |
| Lithuania | Lithuanian | a Lithuanian |
| Madagascar | Malagasy | a Malagasy |
| Malaysia | Malaysian | a Malaysian |
| Mali | Malian | a Malian |
| Mauritania | Mauritanian | a Mauritanian |
| Mexico | Mexican | a Mexican* (may sound offensive in the US. Use "someone from Mexico" instead.) |
| Morocco | Moroccan | a Moroccan |
| Namibia | Namibian | a Namibian |
| New Zealand | New Zealand | a New Zealander |
| Nicaragua | Nicaraguan | a Nicaraguan |
| Nigeria | Nigerien | a Nigerian |
| Nigeria | Nigerian | a Nigerian |
| Norway | Norwegian | a Norwegian |
| Oman | Omani | an Omani |
| Pakistan | Pakistani | a Pakistani* (may sound offensive in England. Use "someone from Pakistan" instead.) |
| Panama | Panamanian | a Panamanian |
| Paraguay | Paraguayan | a Paraguayan |
| Peru | Peruvian | a Peruvian |
| The Philippines | Philippine | a Filipino* (someone from the Philippines) |
| Poland | Polish | a Pole* (someone from Poland, a person from Poland) |
| Portugal | Portuguese | a Portuguese person |
| Republic of the Congo | Congolese | a Congolese person (note: this also applies to people from the Democratic Republic of the Congo) |
| Romania | Romanian | a Romanian |
| Russia | Russian | a Russian |
| Saudi Arabia | Saudi Arabian | a Saudi, a Saudi Arabian |
| Scotland | Scottish | a Scot |
| Senegal | Senegalese | a Senegalese person |
| Serbia | Serbian | a Serbian (used as a noun, "a Serb" refers to an ethnic group, not a nationality |
| Singapore | Singaporean | a Singaporean |
| Slovakia | Slovak | a Slovak |
| Somalia | Somalian | a Somalian |
| South Africa | South Africa | a South African |
| Spain | Spanish | a Spaniard* (Spanish, someone from Spain) |
| Sudan | Sudanese | a Sudanese person |
| Sweden | Swedish | a swede |
| Switzerland | Swiss | a Swiss person |
| Syria | Syrian | a Syrian |
| Thailand | Thai | a Thai person |
| Tunisia | Tunisian | a Tunisian |
| Turkey | Turkish | a Turk |
| Turkmenistan | Turkmen | a Turkmen / the Turkmens |
| Ukraine | Ukrainian | a Ukrainian |
| United Arab Emirates | Emirates | an Emirati |
| The United States | American | an American |
| Uruguay | Uruguayan | a Uruguayan |
| Vietnam | Vietnamese | a Vietnamese person |
| Wales | Welsh | a Welshman/Welshwoman |
| Zambia | Zambian | a Zambian |
| Zimbabwe | Zimbabwean | a Zimbabwean |
Cities can also become adjectives and nouns, although these are highly uncommon and the noun form will not always agree (there may be more than one). Some examples of city names are given below.