Ecology (from the Greek oikos - dwelling, residence) - this is the science of the native home of mankind, the living conditions of those who inhabit it. In a stricter definition, ecology is a complex scientific direction that studies the patterns of interaction between living things and the external conditions of its habitat in order to maintain the dynamic balance of the "Society - Nature" system.
In the past, man's use of the forces of nature and its resources was predominantly spontaneous: man took from nature as much as his own productive forces allowed. But the scientific and technological revolution confronted man with a new problem - with the problem of limited natural resources, a possible violation of the dynamic balance of the existing system, and in connection with this, the need for a careful attitude towards it. If, therefore, the past type of society's attitude to nature was spontaneous (and sometimes irresponsible) in nature, then in the new conditions a new type arose - the attitude of the global, scientifically based impact of society on nature with the aim of not only preserving it, but also reproducing it. Now it has become clear that the impact of man on nature cannot occur contrary to its laws. He takes possession of it not in spite of, but on the basis of knowledge of its laws. Visible dominance over nature, acquired by violating its laws, can only have temporary success, resulting in irreparable damage to both nature itself and man.
Human impact on nature tends to disturb the established balance of ecological processes. Humanity is facing problems that threaten its own existence. These include, first of all, air pollution, depletion and deterioration of the soil cover, and chemical contamination of the water basin. Thus, man, as a result of his own activity, came into sharp conflict with the conditions of his dwelling.
Acute awareness of the possibility of a global ecological crisis leads to the need for a reasonable harmonization of interactions in the system "technology - man - biosphere". At present, the global nature of environmental problems requires a different way of thinking from a person, a new form of his self-consciousness - ecological consciousness. First of all, this means that humanity must realize itself as a single whole in its relation to nature.
Among the problems of ecology, the central place is occupied by the state of the natural environment and natural resources, which is largely determined by the properties of natural systems. The landscapes of our - Chita region - with all their diversity, have some common features: low resistance to external influences, including anthropogenic, low productivity and slow self-healing. Among the reasons for this is the elevation of the territory above sea level and the mid-mountain relief, the location in the depths of the Asian continent, which causes a sharply continental climate. In the bowels of the region there are a large number of radioactive deposits (uranium and thorium) and radon waters. There are geochemical anomalies that cause endemic diseases (Kashin-Bek, Keshan, Graves, etc.). All of the above contributes to the deterioration of the environment and the violation of natural objects as a result of ill-conceived economic and other activities.
CHANGES IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL SITUATION IN THE TRANS-BAIKAL TERRITORY IN THE PERIOD FROM 2006 TO 2010
Nikolaeva Anna Georgievna
4th year student,
Department of Ecology and e. about. ZabGGPU them. N.G. Chernyshevsky, Chita
Voropaeva Tatyana Vladimirovna
scientific adviser, candidate of geographic sciences, art. teacher of the department of ecology and e. about.
ZabGGPU them. N.G. Chernyshevsky, Chita
The natural complexes of the region are extremely diverse, they have resources, the quality and quantity of which can provide the current and future generations of Transbaikalians, but are vulnerable to anthropogenic impact. Deterioration of the quality of the environment (growth of household waste dumps, decrease in soil fertility, etc.) is often associated with a low ecological culture of the local population, which actualizes the problem of improving the environmental education of all community groups, as the main factor in the sustainability of the relationship between nature and society.
The Trans-Baikal Territory, as a subject of the Russian Federation, is obliged to fulfill at the regional level the international and national obligations of Russia to preserve the unique habitats of migratory animals, to preserve the species listed in the international, national and regional Red Books, as well as natural complexes, including transboundary ones.
Therefore, the analysis of the environmental situation in the Trans-Baikal Territory in recent years is relevant and can become an information base or the basis for economic, economic, investment decisions for the Government of the Territory, various Ministries, departments, and structures.
During the work, the following goal was set: to conduct a comparative analysis of the environmental situation in the Trans-Baikal Territory in 2006-2010.
Under the ecological situation is understood the specific state of the human environment, due to the interaction of nature and human economic activity.
The ecological situation is a spatio-temporal combination of various conditions and factors, including positive and negative from the point of view of living and the state of a person, that create a certain ecological situation in the territory of varying degrees of well-being or trouble. Under the identification of environmental situations means: the establishment of a list (set) of environmental problems; spatial localization of environmental problems; determination of a combination (combination) of environmental problems and attribution of the identified area to one or another degree of severity of the environmental situation.
To determine the ecological situation, it is necessary to identify a number of factors that make up the ecological situation. Therefore, in our work, we have identified the following criteria for analyzing the environmental situation: the state of the atmospheric air of the territory, the state of surface and groundwater, waste generation and handling.
The results of observations in 2010 indicate that the level of air pollution in the cities of the Trans-Baikal Territory continues to be quite high. The main indicators of the state of air pollution in the cities of the region indicate that the city of Chita is characterized by the highest average level of air pollution, where the average annual content of benzo (a) pyrene exceeded the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) by 5.5 times, formaldehyde - by 4 times , suspended solids (dust) - by 1.6 times, which is due to the frequent recurrence of meteorological conditions unfavorable for the dispersion of air pollutants. The high average annual content of benzo(a)pyrene - 4.8 times higher than the MPC, was also observed in the city of Petrovsk-Zabaikalsky, and in 2008-2009. the average annual content of benzo(a)pyrene exceeded the MPC by almost 6 times, formaldehyde - by 4 times, suspended solids (dust) - by 2 times.
The main contribution to the total emissions of pollutants from stationary sources was made by enterprises for the production, transmission and distribution of electricity, gas, steam and hot water, as well as enterprises for the extraction of minerals.
A special place in air pollution is occupied by road transport, the number of which in the city of Chita and the Trans-Baikal Territory is increasing every year, and the volume of emissions is not taken into account in the statistical data. A large role in air pollution is made by cars with a long service life, including foreign-made ones, as well as cars with unregulated engines.
According to averaged data, in surface waters in the territory of the Trans-Baikal Territory (including the rivers of the basins of Lake Baikal, the Lena River and the Amur River), for 5 years, cases of exceeding the MPC of the following indicators were most often recorded: organic substances, compounds of copper, zinc, manganese, total iron, phenols and petroleum products.
The inconsistency of water quality with the hygienic standards of the rivers: Chita, Ingoda, Onon is due to the discharge of insufficiently treated and untreated domestic wastewater within the boundaries of populated areas; Argun - by the discharge of sewage in the territory of the People's Republic of China; Amazar - the negative impact of gold processing enterprises.
The main reasons for the low quality of drinking water in the region are: ongoing anthropogenic pollution of surface waters; factors of a natural nature (increased content of iron and manganese compounds in the water of aquifers); absence or inadequate condition of zones of sanitary protection of water sources; use of old technological solutions for water treatment in conditions of deteriorating water quality; lack of a specialized service for the operation of water supply facilities; implementation of production control in a reduced volume; unstable water supply; deteriorating water supply networks.
Groundwater of various genetic types in the Trans-Baikal Territory is the main source of water supply, providing more than 90% of the population's need for household and drinking water in all areas, with the exception of the sparsely populated Tungiro-Olekminsky, where almost 100% of water consumption is carried out at the expense of surface water.
The most powerful object of groundwater pollution in the Trans-Baikal Territory is a series of tailings of the Priargunsky PCU along the Shirondukuy Pad, a lateral tributary of the Sukh Pad. Urulyungui. The tailings of the hydrometallurgical and sulfuric acid plant (cinder storage) are concentrated here, on the left side of the pad there is a sulfuric acid plant, a sulfuric acid warehouse, and heap leaching sites. The total area of the series of tailings is about 65 ha. After their creation, the level of groundwater along the Shirondukuy pad increased by 8.2 m in the mouth part and by 35 m in the central part. The total volume of leaks from these reservoirs is estimated at 9-10 thousand m 3 /day.
The negative impact on the geological environment of the objects of the energy complex (thermal power plants and heating plants) is associated with the filtration of industrial waters from hydraulic ash dumps, which causes pollution of groundwater and flooding of territories. These are the hydraulic ash dumps of the Chita, Krasnokamensk, Priargunsk, Sherlovogorsk thermal power plants, Kharanorskaya state district power station.
Since the Trans-Baikal Territory is a region of intensive development of mineral deposits, the main causes of water pollution are: tailings, technogenic water filtration from hydraulic ash dumps, dewatering at coal deposits.
The situation with the formation, use, disposal, storage and disposal of waste remains difficult in the Trans-Baikal Territory. The volume of production and consumption waste generated in the territory of the Trans-Baikal Territory is growing every year. The largest amount of waste in the Trans-Baikal Territory was observed in 2007, 2009, and the minimum - in 2006, 2008 and 2010.
Large enterprises that generate the bulk of waste in the territory of the Trans-Baikal Territory are JSC "TGC-14"; JSC PIMCU; OJSC "Novo-Shirokinsky mine"; OJSC Zhirekensky GOK; OJSC Zhirekensky FMZ; ZAO Rudnik Aprelkovo; CJSC Novoorlovsky GOK; OJSC "Silicate Plant"; artels of miners; military science, etc. A big problem is the collection and removal of consumer waste from residential areas.
On the territory of the Trans-Baikal Territory there is a single landfill for municipal solid waste in the city of Krasnokamensk. The operation of this landfill is carried out by UMP "Dorkomhoz". In other rural settlements, waste disposal sites are represented by authorized landfills.
An analysis of the ecological situation in the territory of the Trans-Baikal Territory showed that it is rather tense. This is evidenced by the widespread deterioration of the state of atmospheric air, surface and groundwater in the Trans-Baikal Territory in all indicators for 2006-2010. Increasing waste generation and management.
Bibliography:
- State report "On the state and protection of the environment in the Trans-Baikal Territory for 2008 - 2009": - Chita, 2010. - 332 p.
- Report on the environmental situation in the Trans-Baikal Territory for 2010: - Chita, 2011. - 196 p.
- Sturman V.I. Ecological mapping: Textbook / V.I. Sturman. - M.: Aspect Press, 2003. - 251 p.
Zabaykalsky Krai
The Trans-Baikal Territory is located in the southeast of Siberia, with an area of 431.5 thousand km2, it occupies 4% of the territory of Russia.
The main branches of industry in Transbaikalia are mining, fuel and energy, and transport. In terms of resources, this is the richest and oldest mineral resource region of the country. 87% of explored reserves of uranium, 42% of fluorspar, 36% of zirconium, 30% of molybdenum, 25% of copper, 23% of titanium, 16% of tungsten, 13% of silver, 9% of gold and other minerals are enclosed in the bowels of the region.
There are 331 objects, including 143 mining enterprises, on the account of the Department for all types of control. As a result of the activities of these facilities, 119.1 million tons of waste are generated in the region, of which 116.76 million tons of mining industry waste (98% of the total), 243.9 thousand tons of municipal solid waste were transferred for disposal.
In the buffer zone, the formation of water runoff of large left-bank tributaries of the Selenga River - Chikoya and Khilka. The ecological significance of the territory of the peripheral part of the BNT is determined not only by the volume of water runoff (28% of the total runoff of the Selenga), but also by high biological and landscape diversity.
The mining industry is represented by 21 enterprises developing 35 deposits, including alluvial gold, hard and brown coal, fresh and mineral water, zeolites on the basis of 35 subsoil licenses.
In the Baikal region, protected areas of federal significance operate: FSBI Sokhondinsky State Natural Biosphere Reserve (210,988 ha) (hereinafter referred to as FSBI Sokhondinsky GPBZ, Sokhondinsky Reserve) and FSBI National Park Chikoy (666,468 ha) ( hereinafter referred to as the Park).
In 2017, the Department organized 51 SEEs for objects located in the Baikal natural territory. Of these, 11 SEE project documentation for the reconstruction of bridges on the section Irkutsk - Petrovsky Zavod of the Trans-Baikal Railway, related to the central ecological zone of the BNT (10 examinations received positive conclusions, 1 examination received a negative opinion), and 22 design documentation of the SEE for the reconstruction of bridges on the Trans-Baikal Railway road related to the buffer ecological zone of the BNT (17 examinations received a positive conclusion and 1 examination - a negative one, 4 examinations are in progress).
The state of the environment in the territory of the Trans-Baikal Territory
atmospheric air
The level of atmospheric air pollution in the territory of the region is characterized as very high, high and elevated.
The results of observations indicate that the level of pollution of the air basin of cities in the territory of the Trans-Baikal Territory continues to be quite high.
The city of Chita, where the average content of benzo(a)pyrene was 9 MPC, and the city of Petrovsk-Zabaikalsky, benzo(a)pyrene, 7 MPC, are characterized by the highest average annual level of atmospheric pollution, which is due to a significant amount of emissions into the atmosphere and the frequent recurrence of meteorological conditions unfavorable for the dispersion of air pollutants (APM).
Analysis of atmospheric air pollution by seasons of the year shows that the highest levels of pollution are constantly observed in the autumn-winter period. This is due to both the characteristics of the heating season and the climatic and geographical features of the area. The anticyclone prevailing in winter causes calm weather or with weak winds, resulting in unfavorable meteorological conditions. The analysis also shows that in recent years in large cities and towns of the region there has been an increase in air pollution from mobile sources due to the increase in vehicles.
About 122 thousand tons of pollutants are emitted into the atmosphere annually, of which: solid substances - 43 thousand tons; liquid and gaseous - 79 thousand tons.
According to statistics, the number of emission sources on the territory of the region with established emission standards is about 8 thousand units.
In 2017, 70 installations for the treatment of emissions from stationary sources were registered.
Of the enterprises and organizations with stationary sources of emissions checked by the Trans-Baikal Interregional Directorate of Rosprirodnadzor (until October 11, 2019 - the Directorate of Rosprirodnadzor for the Trans-Baikal Territory), emissions have been reduced due to the installation of gas purification plants and the use of modern purification technologies. In addition, the overall reduction in emissions of harmful substances into the atmospheric air is associated with a decrease in the number of small boiler houses in cities in the region (for example, Chita, Shilka, etc.) and the construction of large boiler houses that use modern equipment.
At the same time, a particularly unsatisfactory state with the provision of modern technologies for gas purification is formed in boiler houses that are operated by federal structural divisions, namely, divisions of the ministries of defense, justice (FSIN) and internal affairs of the Russian Federation, where the service life of boiler houses without modernization exceeds 30-40 years . Many boiler houses of these departments are operated with faulty gas cleaning equipment or do not have it at all.
The Department conducts regular inspections of enterprises and institutions that have stationary sources of emissions of harmful substances into the air, included in the list of objects of federal environmental control.
So, for 2016-2017. all major stationary sources of emissions of harmful substances into the atmospheric air in the city of Chita were checked. For the winter period 2016–2017 inspections of 29 large boiler houses located within the boundaries of the urban district "City of Chita" were carried out.
In addition, in the period from 07.12.2016 to 03.02.2017, the Department of Rosprirodnadzor for the Siberian Federal District, together with the employees of the Department, in relation to the public joint-stock company "Territorial Generating Company No. 14" (hereinafter - PJSC "TGC-14") was a scheduled on-site inspection was carried out, including in the areas of atmospheric air protection and the management of production and consumption waste. As a result of the audit, numerous violations of environmental legislation were revealed. Based on the results of the inspection, the inspectors of the Department issued 11 prescriptions and initiated 3 cases of administrative offenses.
Thus, the situation with emissions of harmful substances into the atmospheric air from large stationary sources located within the boundaries of the municipality of the urban district "City of Chita" is under the control of the Office. For all identified violations, immediate response measures are taken.
Currently, heat supply organizations are working to close unprofitable boiler houses. Thus, on June 21, 2017, the management of TGC-14 decided to close two boiler houses in the Chernovsky district of Chita by August 31, 2017. The closure of boiler houses will reduce the level of air pollution in the Chernovsky district of the city and the cost of heat production.
When studying objects that have a negative impact on the environment in the course of economic and other activities on the territory of the Trans-Baikal Territory and are subject to federal state environmental supervision, there is a tendency to increase the number of public services provided for issuing permits for emissions of pollutants into the atmospheric air (2014 - 125 units, 2015 - 89 units, 2016 - 140 units, 2017 - 171 units). The main volume of polluted wastewater is discharged by PJSC PIMCU, Kharanorskaya GRES - a branch of JSC Inter RAO - Electric Power Plants, JSC Vodokanal-Chita and enterprises of housing and communal services that do not have treatment facilities (LLC Teplovodokanal, Mogocha , LLC "Priargunsk-vodokanal") or those who do not comply with the operating regime of treatment facilities, as a result of which the effluents fall into the category of insufficiently treated (LLC "Treatment", Petrovsk-Zabaikalsky, MUP "GREC", LLC "Operator-repairman" and some others .).
In 2016, the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Trans-Baikal Territory issued 149 permits for emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into the atmospheric air.
Water resources
State monitoring of pollution of surface water bodies in terms of hydrochemical indicators in the territory of the Trans-Baikal Territory is carried out by the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Zabaikalskoye UGMS" on 34 rivers and 1 lake, at 49 points (59 sections).
The quality of surface water continues to deteriorate. These are the Chita, Ingoda, Argun rivers of the Amur basin and the Khilok river of the Baikal basin.
8 water bodies have very polluted waters (quality class 3), water bodies with quality class 4 (classified as dirty) - 26. One water body (Chita River) is rated as 5 quality class (extremely dirty water).
According to a comprehensive assessment of the quality of surface waters in terms of hydrochemical indicators, in 2016, out of 31 water bodies in the Trans-Baikal Territory, 25 water bodies (or 81%) had polluted and very polluted waters, in 2015 - 16 (or 57%); dirty (quality class 4) - 5 (or 16%), in 2015 - not noted.
Compared to 2015, there is some improvement in surface water quality. Thus, the number of water bodies of the 4th quality class with the category “a” decreased by more than 2 times. The waters of 7 rivers changed the 4th quality class with the category "a" (dirty waters) to the 3rd quality class with the categories "a" and "b" (polluted and very polluted waters). There was 1 river with slightly polluted waters (quality class 2).
First of all, the low quality of water bodies depends on insufficiently treated surface runoff.
Efficient treatment facilities are located only in Chita, Krasnokamensk, Zabaikalsk, Borza, Yasnaya village (Olovyanninskiy district), Chara village (Kalarskiy district). In other settlements, treatment facilities are either in disrepair or do not exist at all.
The most powerful treatment facilities of JSC "Vodokanal-Chita" are located in three districts of the city of Chita; in second place are the treatment facilities of JSC PIMCU, followed by LLC Treatment Facilities in the city of Petrovsk-Zabaikalsky and LLC Treatment Facilities in the town of Chernyshevsk. The remaining treatment facilities in the region are significantly inferior in capacity and are mainly owned by housing and communal services and gold mining organizations.
Measures for the construction of treatment facilities are included in the relevant federal and regional programs. In particular, in order to stabilize the environmental situation for the discharge of untreated wastewater in the settlements of Khiloksky, Petrovsk-Zabaykalsky and Krasnochikoysky districts, proposals for the reconstruction and construction of treatment facilities were included in the federal target program "Protection of Lake Baikal and socio-economic development of the Baikal natural territory".
Hydraulic structures
Reliable protection of settlements and other territories from floods is an urgent task both for the Russian Federation and for the Trans-Baikal Territory. It is no coincidence that in such a landmark document for the water industry as the Water Strategy of the Russian Federation, Transbaikalia is designated as a flood-prone region.
Floods are the most common natural disasters in the Trans-Baikal Territory, and during high-water periods occur almost annually in certain areas. A significant part of the settlements of Transbaikalia is located in the floodplains of the rivers Ingoda, Chita, Onon, Shilka, Argun, i.e., in flood-prone areas. More than 200 settlements fall into the flood zone, about 100 of which are subject to regular flooding.
The most effective measures to combat such emergencies are preventive measures, namely the implementation of certain water management measures:
Construction of hydraulic structures;
Capital repairs of hydraulic structures;
Measures to increase the capacity of river channels.
In the Trans-Baikal Territory, the situation with the formation, use, disposal, storage and disposal of waste continues to be very difficult.
A significant amount of production and consumption waste, including toxic ones, has accumulated and continues to accumulate in storage facilities, storage facilities, warehouses, landfills and other facilities.
The types and amount of waste on the territory of the Trans-Baikal Territory are determined, first of all, by the degree and historical features of its industrial development, as well as the conditions of civil-industrial and road transport construction.
Waste generated in the municipal sector and as a result of industrial activities is a significant problem for the sustainable development of the region, since their amount is constantly increasing.
The total volume of municipal waste generation is 637 thousand tons per year. Waste is placed at 547 landfills that have been operating since Soviet times.
The bulk of waste of hazard classes 4 and 5 is produced by enterprises extracting minerals (mining industry). Technogenic accumulations (about 2.9 billion tons) are formed by dumps of poor and substandard ores, tailings of flotation and gravity enrichment, products of chemical processing of non-ferrous metal ores.
For orphan tailings, conservation is necessary, since the enterprises whose activities served to accumulate waste have been liquidated, and the content of useful components in waste is sometimes higher than in the bowels of currently mined deposits. The imperfection of the technology, the monometallic approach to the development of the subsoil led to the fact that these wastes, in fact, are mined from the subsoil and crushed ore. In a number of cases, the extraction of the main component did not exceed 50%, and associated components were not extracted at all. The components not extracted during the enrichment process become very mobile due to a sharp change in the physical and chemical situation and, under the influence of water and wind erosion, have a negative impact on the environment.
Order No. 792 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation dated September 30, 2011 “On Approving the Procedure for Maintaining the State Waste Cadastre” approved the State Waste Cadastre (hereinafter referred to as GKO), which includes the Federal Waste Classification Catalog (FKKO) and the State Register of Waste Disposal Facilities ( GRRO).
The GRRO is formed on the basis of information about waste disposal sites obtained as a result of their inventory, carried out in accordance with the Rules for the inventory of waste disposal sites, approved by Order of the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia dated February 25, 2010 No. 49.
46 waste disposal sites located on the territory of the Trans-Baikal Territory are included in the GRRO, of which: ash and slag dumps - 11 units, cinder storage - 2 units, overburden dumps - 17 units, tailing dumps - 9 units, solid waste landfills 3 units, dumps waste rocks - 3 units, sludge storage - 1 unit, which are operated by 17 legal entities: branch "Kharanorskaya GRES" of JSC "Inter RAO - Electric Power Plants", JSC "Novoshirokinskiy Rudnik", JSC "TGC-14", CJSC "Novoorlovsky Mining and Processing Plant" ”, LLC Mining Artel Quartz, LLC Pervomaiskaya CHPP, CJSC Rudnik Aleksandrovsky, LLC Kamensky Quarry, Siberian Coal Energy Company (SUEK), Tugnuisky open pit, JSC Open pit mine Kharanorsky, LLC Arctic Developments, PJSC PIMCU, LLC Darasunsky Rudnik, CJSC Rudnik Aprelkovo, LLC ATT, LLC Baikal Mining Company, LLC GRK DARKHAN.
In 2015, an object belonging to CJSC Rudnik Aleksandrovsky and having the status of a landfill was included in the GRRO.
In July 2016, the waste disposal facility of the Trans-Baikal Territory, owned by ATT LLC and having the status of a MSW landfill, was included in the GRRO. However, the remoteness from the center (the landfill is located on the territory of the Krasnokamensky district) and the lack of logistics cannot solve the problem with waste in the region.
In January 2018, the waste disposal facility of the Trans-Baikal Territory, owned by Novo-Shirokinsky Mine JSC and having the status of a landfill, was included in the GRRO.
Decree of the Government of the Trans-Baikal Territory dated November 10, 2016 No. 425 approved the Territorial Scheme for Waste Management, including Municipal Solid Waste, of the Trans-Baikal Territory. In accordance with the Rules for the Competitive Selection of Regional Operators for the Management of Municipal Solid Waste, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Trans-Baikal Territory organized and conducted a competitive selection of a regional operator in the zone of activity - the territory of the Trans-Baikal Territory. In accordance with the schedule for the competitive selection, which is an integral part of the tender documentation approved by the order of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Trans-Baikal Territory, the deadline for accepting applications for participation in the tender was announced on December 26, 2017, ended on January 30, 2018.
According to the results of the competitive selection, the status of a regional operator for the treatment of municipal solid waste for a period of 10 years was assigned to Oleron+ LLC (Moscow).
In general, by 2026, the Territorial Scheme recommends the construction of 7 landfills for MSW disposal, the organization of 8 sorting enterprises and 29 sites for the temporary accumulation of MSW, 25 waste transfer stations in the region by 2026. The construction of these facilities is supposed to be carried out at the expense of investments of waste management operators, as well as in accordance with the production and investment programs of regional operators.
The development of the Territorial Scheme took into account the priority of waste disposal and recycling over their burial, as well as a phased ban on the disposal of waste that has not undergone sorting, mechanical and chemical processing, as well as waste that can be used as secondary raw materials.
The existing system of legal regulation of waste management in the Trans-Baikal Territory includes:
Law of the Trans-Baikal Territory "On production and consumption waste";
The procedure for maintaining the regional cadastre of waste in the Trans-Baikal Territory;
Concept for the management of production and consumption waste in the Trans-Baikal Territory for 2013–2020.
Decree of the Government of the Trans-Baikal Territory dated April 10, 2014 No. 188 approved the state program of the Trans-Baikal Territory "Environmental Protection". The sub-program "Improving the protection of environmental components" provides for the implementation of measures aimed at increasing the number of operating solid waste landfills up to 10 units.
To reduce the negative impact on the environment of production and consumption waste, it is necessary to solve the following tasks:
Ensuring environmentally safe disposal and disposal of production and consumption waste, including accumulated industrial waste that is hazardous to the environment;
Increasing the degree of involvement of production and consumption waste in economic circulation as a secondary raw material;
Elimination of objects of past environmental damage;
Liquidation of water protection zones littered by local residents with unauthorized waste dumps;
Ensuring neutralization, including environmentally friendly waste incineration;
Construction of waste disposal facilities (landfills) that meet modern environmental and hygienic requirements;
Carrying out reclamation and sanitation of territories degraded as a result of waste disposal;
Implementation of pilot projects for the introduction of modern technologies for the processing and storage of production and consumption waste.
The solution to the problems of restoring order on the territory of districts and cities of the region consists not only in organizing a system for the collection, disposal, disposal, disposal of waste, in the construction of MSW landfills (although these are the most important tasks for protecting the environment and humans), but also in the formation of an ecological culture of people . Without this, it is difficult to hope that the activities of citizens in everyday life, the adoption of managerial and technical decisions will be responsible, sparing and protecting nature. The role of local governments in shaping the ecological culture of the population is indispensable.
According to the data submitted by users of natural resources in accordance with Rosstat Order No. 529 dated August 10, 2017 “On Approval of Statistical Tools for the Organization by the Federal Service for Supervision of Natural Resources of Federal Statistical Monitoring of Production and Consumption Wastes”, in the territory of the Trans-Baikal Territory for the reporting year (2017 ), Total:
192,112,227.34 tons of waste was generated;
87,607.38 tons of waste processed;
Used 148,396,603.5 tons of waste;
Neutralized 27,570.79 tons of waste;
Placed 47,066,314.35 tons of waste.
Compared to 2016, there was an increase in the amount of waste generation by 2.93% due to an increase in the amount of waste generation from organizations - JSC "Razrez Kharanorsky", LLC "Chitaugol", etc.
The Trans-Baikal Territory stands out among the Siberian regions for its unique natural characteristics. The richest landscape and biological diversity has been formed here over tens and hundreds of thousands of years under the influence of harsh climatic and peculiar physical and geographical conditions.
The most effective way to preserve valuable natural systems is to create a unified network of specially protected natural areas (SPNA).
In the Trans-Baikal Territory, the area of protected areas is 2,573,062 ha (5.96% of the total territory of the region). The list of protected areas of federal and regional significance located on the territory of the Trans-Baikal Territory includes 2 state natural biosphere reserves, 2 national parks, 18 state nature reserves (including 2 of federal significance) and 65 natural monuments (including 1 monument nature of federal significance), a total of 89 natural areas of different categories.
In accordance with the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 28, 2014 No. 158, the Chikoi National Park was created in the Krasnochikoysky District of the Trans-Baikal Territory.
According to the Decree of the Government of the Trans-Baikal Territory dated 09.12.2014 No. 673, the Ivano-Arakhleysky Natural Park was established by re-profiling the Ivano-Arakhleysky State Natural Landscape Reserve of regional significance. Currently, work is underway to create the State Budgetary Institution “Directorate of the Ivano-Arakhleysky Natural Park” by changing the type of state institution “Administration of the Ivano-Arakhleysky State Natural Landscape Reserve of Regional Importance”.
Work continued on the development of the Arey Natural Park: measures were taken to ensure the established protection regime, to control its observance and to improve the territory.
In recent years, 3 reserves of regional importance have been created: Relic Oaks in the Gazimuro-Zavodsky District, Semenovsky in the Baleisky District, Verkhneamursky in the Mogochinsky District, and the Arey Natural Park.
To determine the prospects for the development of a network of specially protected natural areas, strengthening state management of especially valuable areas of the region, as well as competent planning of socio-economic development, taking into account the requirements for preserving the environment-forming qualities of the environment and the economic capabilities of the region, a Scheme for the development and placement of specially protected natural areas in the Trans-Baikal Territory was approved for the period up to 2021.
Land resources
On the territory of the Trans-Baikal Territory, there are a large number of locations of former military facilities, military units and even military camps, currently abandoned due to the relocation of military units, facilities and the relocation of military personnel to other places of residence.
As a rule, illegal landfills are formed in the abandoned territories of the military department, and there are facts of land pollution with oil products. Such examples can be observed in the vicinity of forest fund lands, agricultural lands, lands of urban and rural settlements. To date, the lands of military science facilities are not used for their intended purpose, therefore, they are actually ownerless, therefore, these territories have not been cleared or reclaimed.
One of the problems associated with the reclamation of disturbed lands in the territory of the Trans-Baikal Territory is abandoned land plots in the 90s of the last century.
Example: the tailing dump of the Davenda concentrator in the village of Davenda (Mogochinsky district); tailing dumps of mines Kadai (Kalgansky district), Blagodatsky (Nerchinsko-Zavodsky district), Akatuy (Aleksandrovo-Zavodsky district) of the former JSC "Uralelectromed-Amazar" and JSC "Nerchinsky polymetallic plant" (there is littering of land with waste, soil degradation), a quarry on Baleisky gold deposit left over from the Baleizoloto plant (about 58 hectares) (the quarry is flooded with groundwater, there is a threat of a landslide).
Since 2012, the Office of Rosprirodnazdora for the Trans-Baikal Territory has been collecting and compiling information on state statistical reporting in the form No. 2TP (reclamation). According to the reports, the total area of disturbed land was: 13,096.6 ha in 2012; 17,594.7 ha in 2013; 20,507 ha in 2014; 24,208.15 ha in 2016; ,30 ha. Land reclaimed in 2012 was 2094.9 ha, in 2013 - 1326.6 ha, in 2014 - 2084.5 ha, in 2015 - 1919.96 ha, in 2016 - 2667.61 ha, in 2017 - 1460.19 ha.
Indicators of control and supervision activities for 2017
Since 2017, the supervision strategy has been fundamentally changed, a risk-based approach is being introduced, as well as preventive measures. In the context of the reform of environmental legislation, the activities of the subjects in the implementation of the Federal Environmental Policy are of particular importance.
As a result of the introduction of a risk-based approach, the Department has compiled a list of objects subject to federal state environmental supervision with assigned risk categories. The list includes 872 objects, incl. by risk category: extremely high - 5; high - 47; significant - 44; medium - 442; moderate - 376; low - 74.
On November 9, 2017, the Ministry of Justice of Russia registered the order of Rosprirodnadzor dated September 18, 2017 No. 447 “On approval of checklist forms (checklists)”. With the entry into force of this order on November 20, 2017, the use of checklists during scheduled inspections becomes mandatory. The checklists contain questions affecting the mandatory requirements for a legal entity and an individual entrepreneur, the observance of which is the most significant in terms of prevention. The use of checklists during scheduled inspections is an essential element of the reform of control and supervision activities.
Since 2014, the Department has been actively working to reduce the excessive administrative burden on small and medium-sized businesses.
The plan for scheduled inspections of legal entities and individual entrepreneurs (hereinafter referred to as the Plan) for 2017 included 16 inspections.
During 2017, an audit in relation to Amazar-Gold LLC was excluded from the plan, due to the fact that this business entity stopped the operation (use) of facilities subject to federal state environmental supervision in accordance with the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 08.28.2015 No. 903.
The plan for scheduled inspections of the Department for 2018 was developed taking into account the risk-based approach and includes 15 inspections.
A total of 173 inspections were conducted in 2017, of which 15 were scheduled and 158 were unscheduled.
Among the unscheduled inspections, the share of inspections within the framework of license control of the activities planned for the implementation of waste management of I-IV hazard classes remains significant. In 2017, 64 inspections were carried out, 32 licenses were issued for the management of waste of I-IV hazard classes.
The number of raid events on the received appeals of citizens and organizations has increased. In 2017, 57 raids were carried out.
Based on the results of supervisory activities in 2017:
277 violations were revealed;
182 prescriptions issued;
306 administrative cases initiated;
16,596.9 thousand rubles were fined;
5392.5 thousand rubles were damaged;
Fines collected in the amount of 13,250.88 thousand rubles. without regard to damage.
Types of control and supervision activities
State supervision in the field of use and protection of water bodies
In 2017, the Department conducted 29 inspections in the field of the use and protection of water bodies, including 11 scheduled inspections and 18 unscheduled inspections (including those conducted to verify compliance with instructions and at the request of citizens). The department also carried out 45 road surveys, 3 of which were carried out jointly with the Department of Water Resources of the Amur BVU in the Trans-Baikal Territory.
29 economic entities that use water bodies were checked. 85 sections of water protection zones of water bodies were checked in the area of activity of enterprises and organizations-water users. 152 complaints and appeals from citizens and organizations were considered.
In the course of the above supervisory activities, 54 violations of environmental legislation were identified. 21 orders were issued to eliminate violations, 10 letters were sent to the Administration of the city district "City of Chita", the Administration of the municipal district "Karymsky district", the Administration of the municipal district "Chitinsky district" and the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Trans-Baikal Territory with established deadlines for eliminating violations identified during the raid surveys, the materials of one raid survey were sent to the prosecutor's office of the Chita district.
78 administrative cases under Art. 7.6, part 4 of Art. 8.13 and 8.14, part 1 of Art. 8.42 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.
9 cases were initiated under Part 1 of Art. 19.5 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation for failure to comply with previously issued orders.
75 administrative cases were considered. 36 legal entities, 12 officials and 1 individual were brought to administrative responsibility. Fines were imposed in the amount of 1604.5 thousand rubles, 1834 thousand rubles were collected. Eliminated 11 violations.
Specialists of the Department took part in 11 inspections conducted in 2017 by the Chita interdistrict environmental prosecutor's office, the Military prosecutor's office of the Chita garrison, as well as the prosecutor's offices of Khiloksky, Krasnochikoysky, Nerchinsko-Zavodsky, Karymsky, Sretensky and Mogochinsky districts, during which 13 violations of the water legislation. The materials of the checks were sent to the prosecutor's office for taking action. At present, the Office has reviewed 2 administrative cases on the identified violations, 4 administrative cases are under consideration.
Among the typical and massive violations of the mandatory requirements of environmental legislation, identified by the Department in the exercise of state supervision in the field of use and protection of water bodies, include violations of the requirements for the protection of water bodies, which may lead to their pollution, clogging and (or) depletion, the responsibility for which Part 4 of Art. 8.13 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation. This is pollution of surface waters as a result of poor-quality construction of diversion canals, wastewater discharges exceeding the maximum allowable content of pollutants.
Also in 2017, there was an increase (compared to previous years) in cases of using surface water bodies without title documents and conditions for water use (Water Use Agreements, Decisions on the use of water bodies).
One of the main problems still remains the lack of proper treatment of domestic wastewater due to the lack of treatment facilities or their emergency condition in urban and rural settlements of the region, at military science facilities.
State land supervision
The Department exercises state land supervision within the framework of federal state environmental supervision in accordance with the Regulations on Federal State Environmental Supervision (approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 08.05.2014 No. 426) and the Regulations on State Land Supervision (approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 02.01 .2015 No. 1).
The Department conducted 26 inspections on state land supervision, including 15 scheduled and 11 unscheduled. The department also carried out 5 road surveys.
The specialists of the Department also took part in the audit conducted by the Department of Rosprirodnadzor in the Siberian Federal District in relation to PJSC "TGC-14".
In the course of the above supervisory activities, 11 violations were identified. During the reporting period, 3 violations were eliminated and 3 prescriptions were fulfilled, 3 violations were removed from control, 1 violation was not eliminated.
14 administrative cases were initiated, including 2 cases under Art. 8.6; 1 case under Art. 20.25 Administrative Code of the Russian Federation; 5 cases under Part 25 and Part 26 of Art. 19.5 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation (for failure to comply with orders); 1 case under Art. 19.7 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation for failure to submit a report in the form 2-TP (reclamation); 2 cases under Art. 8.39 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation. Accrued fines for 215 thousand rubles.
36 appeals from citizens were considered.
800 thousand rubles were collected from Ros-DV LLC. imposed by the justice of the peace under Art. 20.25 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation for non-payment of a fine imposed under Part 1 of Art. 8.7 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, as well as from the Administration of the State Enterprise "Novokruchininskoye" - 50 thousand rubles. for failure to comply with the order.
In 2017, work was carried out to recover in court the amount of damage caused to soils (in accordance with the Methodology for calculating the amount of damage caused to soils as an object of environmental protection, approved by order of the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia dated July 8, 2010 No. 238). Calculation of the amount of damage caused to soils as a result of chemical contamination of soils, in the amount of 8473.5 thousand rubles. (approved by Rosprirodnadzor by letter No. ВС-03-01-31/402 dated January 15, 2016) presented to the legal entity Garsonuysky Rudnik LLC. The damage was not compensated voluntarily within the established period. So, according to the materials prepared by the Fourth Arbitration Court of Appeal, on 03/09/2017, a Resolution was issued on the recovery of this amount of damage from Garsonuysky Rudnik LLC. The Arbitration Court of the East Siberian District left the cassation appeal of Garsonuysky Rudnik LLC unsatisfied. In August 2017, the Department sent a writ of execution for collection to the bailiff service.
The department also worked together with the Chita interdistrict environmental prosecutor's office to present the amount of damage caused to soils as a result of the discharge of wastewater from treatment facilities in the ZATO Gorny, Uletovsky district. By the decision of the Central District Court dated July 11, 2017, the court decided to recover from the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and JSC "Main Department of Housing and Communal Services" the amount of damage in the amount of 998,400 rubles.
In 2017, the Department accepted and summarized annual reports in the form No. 2-TP (reclamation). As of January 1, 2017, 122 enterprises have 22,491.88555 hectares of disturbed land. In 2016, 2029.9485 hectares of disturbed lands were reclaimed, of which 912.86 hectares are agricultural land.
Federal state supervision in the field of protection, reproduction and use of wildlife and their habitats in specially protected natural areas of federal significance
The Department conducted a scheduled on-site inspection of the Alkhanai National Park FGBU and an unscheduled documentary inspection of the Daursky SFBZ on the execution of previously issued orders (all 4 orders were executed). The department also carried out 6 road surveys.
In March 2017, the Department took part in the commission on ensuring the epizootic well-being of the Trans-Baikal Territory on the prevention and spread of especially dangerous diseases in the territory of the Trans-Baikal Territory, including those common to humans and animals and other contagious diseases.
At present, a plan of organizational and special measures for monitoring, regulating the number and reducing the migratory activity of wild boars in the territory of the Trans-Baikal Territory, including specially protected natural areas of regional and federal significance, has been developed and agreed with the Office of the Rosselkhoznadzor for the Trans-Baikal Territory and the Amur Region.
In order to implement this plan, the Office of Rosprirodnadzor for the Zabaikalsky Territory, together with the Office of the Rosselkhoznadzor for the Zabaikalsky Territory and the Amur Region, conducted 4 field surveys of lands located on the territory of the Duldurginsky District of the Zabaikalsky Territory within the boundaries of the Alkhanai National Park and 2 field surveys of lands located on the territory of the Kyrinsky district of the Trans-Baikal Territory within the boundaries of the Sokhondinsky GPBZ. 2 appeals were considered, which were sent according to jurisdiction.
State supervision in the field of protection and use of specially protected natural areas of federal significance
The administration on the lands of protected areas of federal significance of the Trans-Baikal Territory carried out 5 inspections, including 1 scheduled and 4 unscheduled. The department also conducted 1 field survey.
In March 2017, 2 unscheduled inspections were carried out in relation to the FSBI "Sokhondinsky GPBZ" and the FSBI "Alkhanai National Park" in preparation for the fire hazard period of 2017. The specialist of the Department also took part in two inspections conducted by the Chita interdistrict prosecutor's office in relation to the FGBU "Sokhondinsky GPBZ" and the FGBU "Alkhanai National Park".
The Department carried out a field survey of the territory of the land plots included in the boundaries of the FGBU "GPBZ Daursky", during which the objects prepared for the fire hazard period were also inspected.
In July and August 2017, the specialists of the Department conducted 2 unscheduled on-site inspections on the fact that measures were taken to extinguish fires on the territory of the FSBI Sokhondinsky GPBZ and the FSBI Alkhanai National Park.
In October 2017, a scheduled on-site inspection was carried out in relation to the Alkhanai National Park Federal State Budgetary Institution. Based on its results, 3 violations in the field of forestry activities were identified. 2 administrative cases were initiated under Part 1 of Art. 8.25 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation. Based on the results of the consideration of administrative cases, a punishment in the form of a warning was imposed. FSBI Alkhanai National Park issued 2 orders.
Information interaction is organized between the Administration and the administrations of specially protected natural territories of federal significance. The administrations of reserves and national parks promptly report information on identified fires (the number of forces and means involved in extinguishing a fire, the area of fire, on extinguishing a fire, etc.).
In March 2017, a Department specialist took part in checking the readiness of the Trans-Baikal Territory for the 2017 fire season.
In addition, there is an information exchange with protected areas of federal significance on the administration of fines imposed and collected.
In February 2017, the Department held a meeting with representatives of the administrations of specially protected natural territories of federal significance of the Trans-Baikal Territory and the Chita environmental interdistrict prosecutor's office on priority measures to prepare for the 2017 fire season.
In May 2017, the Department held a meeting with the employees of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Chikoy National Park".
During the fire season, the Department regularly took part in meetings of the Commission for the Prevention and Elimination of Emergency Situations and Ensuring Fire Safety of the Trans-Baikal Territory, information exchange within the framework of the RSChS, as well as other work related to the functioning of the territorial subsystem of the RSChS of the Trans-Baikal Territory.
In the course of its activities, the Department, including within the framework of the RSChS, regularly interacts with the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia for the Trans-Baikal Territory, the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Trans-Baikal Territory, the Department for Civil Defense and Fire Safety of the Trans-Baikal Territory, as well as law enforcement and other authorized bodies.
During the fire hazard period, in the event of a threat of fires moving to the territory of the protected areas of federal significance of the Trans-Baikal Territory from lands of other categories, a dangerous increase in the area of forest fires and their spread, in order to ensure cooperation in extinguishing fires, informative letters are promptly sent to the chairman of the RSChS, GU Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia for the Trans-Baikal Territory and the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Trans-Baikal Territory.
As of December 31, 2017, during the fire season, 14 fires with a total area of 41,526.25 ha occurred in the federal protected areas of the Trans-Baikal Territory, of which 6 were forest (55.1 ha) and 8 were steppe (3,383.95 ha). The area of steppe fires amounted to 98% (3169.95 ha) of the total area of fires found on the territory of the protected areas of the federal significance of the Trans-Baikal Territory.
On the territory of the Krasnochikoysky district, planned for the placement of the National Park "Chikoy", there were 7 forest fires with a total area of 717.2 hectares. The lands of the forest fund, on which the Chikoi National Park is located, within the boundaries approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 28, 2014 No. 158, have not been transferred to the category of protected areas. Regulations on the Federal State Budgetary Institution “National Park “Chikoi” have not been approved. Extinguishing of these fires was carried out by KGSAU "Zabaikalleskhoz". FSBI "National Park" Chikoy "also participated in extinguishing fires on the basis of a contract.
Environmental supervision
57 inspections were carried out, of which 15 were scheduled, 41 were unscheduled (39 on compliance with instructions, 2 on request).
Raid checks - 6, license control checks - 52.
48 violations were identified, 36 were eliminated. 46 orders were issued, 36 were fulfilled.
100 administrative cases were initiated, including 26 cases under Part 1 of Art. 19.5 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, 6 cases under Part 1 of Art. 20.25 Administrative Code of the Russian Federation, 3 administrative investigations.
78 resolutions were issued on bringing to administrative responsibility, of which 38 officials and 40 legal entities were brought to administrative responsibility.
The amount of accrued fines amounted to 1036 thousand rubles. Paid fines 2186.8 thousand rubles. Fines collected 186,314 thousand rubles. 75 appeals of citizens and organizations were considered, of which 9 appeals were raided, 58 appeals were transferred according to jurisdiction, administrative investigations were initiated on 3 appeals.
Geological control
94 inspections were carried out, including 10 planned and 84 unscheduled inspections. The activity of 51 subsoil user enterprises was checked under 70 licenses for subsoil use.
84 unscheduled inspections were carried out on the implementation of previously issued instructions to eliminate violations, 6 unscheduled inspections of the implementation of Rosnedra notifications, 2 unscheduled inspections on request, 9 unscheduled inspections on behalf of the Government of the Russian Federation.
Specialists of the Department took part in 5 inspections of supervisory authorities.
During the inspections, 145 violations were revealed, 99 prescriptions were issued. During the reporting period, 30 violations were eliminated and 26 orders were fulfilled.
Based on the results of the audits, 110 cases of administrative offenses were initiated, including:
according to part 1 of Art. 7.3 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation - 1 case;
according to part 2 of Art. 7.3 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation - 36 cases;
according to part 1 of Art. 8.10 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation - 8 cases.
On the fact of non-fulfillment of the legal order on time, 52 protocols were drawn up under Part 1 of Art. 19.5 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation; according to part 1 of Art. 19.7 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation - 2 protocols, according to part 1 of Art. 19.4.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation - 1 protocol, according to part 1 of Art. 20.25 Administrative Code of the Russian Federation - 10 protocols.
Received under the jurisdiction of 6 administrative cases.
During the reporting period, 49 cases of administrative offenses were considered (including those received according to jurisdiction).
44 resolutions were issued on bringing to administrative responsibility (taking into account cases received under jurisdiction), including: under Part 1 of Art. 7.3 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation - 2 cases (including 1 terminated by a higher authority); according to part 2 of Art. 7.3 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation - 34 cases; according to part 1 of Art. 8.10 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation - 8 cases.
Administrative fines were imposed in the total amount of 12,160 thousand rubles, including 11,950 rubles. - for legal entities, 210 thousand rubles. - for officials.
During the reporting period, fines were collected in the total amount of 9841.192 thousand rubles. taking into account the previously imposed (including fines imposed by the judiciary - 914.667 thousand rubles).
To take action, the department sent the justice of the peace 65 administrative cases.
Materials of checks on 21 licenses for subsoil use were sent to the Federal Service for Supervision of Natural Resources for consideration of the issue of a possible DPPP.
44 appeals were received from citizens and organizations, all appeals were considered.
Legal support
In 2017, the Office participated in 112 court cases, of which as:
Plaintiff - in 41 cases,
Respondent - in 49 cases,
Third party - in 22 cases.
The largest number of cases - 58 units (52%) - are cases of the "other" category (mainly cases on the collection of arrears of payment for the NIA); 46 cases were considered in favor of the Office, 12 cases are being processed.
Cases on appealing decisions on cases of administrative offenses amounted to 38 units (34%) (in favor - 26 cases, not in favor - 5 cases, 7 cases in progress). The reasons for the recognition of illegal decisions in cases of administrative offenses were: violation of the procedural norms of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, failure to prove the event of an administrative offense. 1 the case was dismissed on the basis of Art. 29. Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation due to insignificance.
10 units of the total number of cases were terminated on various grounds before the court makes a decision on the merits.
The number of cases considered in favor of the Office / not in favor of the Office was 83/7, 25 cases were appealed on appeal (19/6), on cassation - 6 (4/2).
The proportion of judicial acts, decisions on which were made in favor of the Office, amounted to 74%, not in favor - 6%, 20% of cases are in progress.
In general, there is a positive trend in judicial practice.
Brief economic analysis of control and supervisory activities
The total amount of funds spent on the implementation of reclamation work on the instructions of the state inspectors of the Office and on the decision of the judiciary is 10,797.237 thousand rubles.
The total amount of funds spent on the implementation of water protection measures on the instructions of the state inspectors of the Office and on the decision of the judiciary is 858 thousand rubles.
The total amount of funds spent on the implementation of environmental protection measures by order of the state inspectors of the Office and by decision of the judiciary amounted to 3490 thousand rubles.
The total amount of funds spent on exploration work on the instructions of the state inspectors of the Office and on the decision of the judicial authorities for 2017 amounted to 12,686 thousand rubles.
In 2017, the Office of the Federal Tax Service for the Trans-Baikal Territory, based on the materials of inspections of the Office of Rosprirodnadzor, additionally assessed the amount of tax on the extraction of minerals and regular payments for the use of subsoil in the amount of 100.35 thousand rubles.
Payment for negative environmental impact
The Trans-Baikal Interregional Department of Rosprirodnadzor (hereinafter referred to as the Department), in accordance with the order of Rosprirodnadzor dated February 29, 2016 No. 110 “On the exercise by territorial bodies under the jurisdiction of the Federal Service for Supervision in the Sphere of Environmental Management of the budgetary powers of federal budget revenue administrators”, is the administrator of budget revenues for payment for the negative impact on the environment (hereinafter referred to as the payment for the NEP) in the territory of the Trans-Baikal Territory.
The Department takes measures to ensure timely and full receipt of payments for negative environmental impact.
In order to exercise its powers, the Department sends materials to the prosecution authorities of the Russian Federation, courts, the State Environmental Inspectorate of the Trans-Baikal Territory, the Administration of Urban Settlements, and within the framework of internal interaction - to the Department of Environmental Supervision.
Organization of debt monitoring in the Department includes pre-trial collection and judicial debt collection.
Organization of work on prevention and collection of debts includes:
Quarterly submission of information on debtor enterprises to the environmental prosecutor's office of the Trans-Baikal Territory, the regional prosecutor's office; responses were sent to requests: in 2016 - 16, in 2017 - 21;
Transfer of writ of execution in order to reduce receivables on income to the Federal Bailiff Service:
for 2016 - 2 units, in the amount of 378,147.19 rubles;
for 2017 - 7 units, in the amount of 4,119,526.31 rubles;
enforcement orders were transferred to the UKF in the Trans-Baikal Territory:
for 2017 -31 units, in the amount of 5,562,743.06 rubles.
Executed writ of execution:
for 2016 - 6 units, in the amount of 394,742.34 rubles;
for 2017 - 21 units, in the amount of 3,580,084.11 rubles;
Sending information letters to the heads of administrations in order to organize effective work at the local level to record, collect and increase revenues to the budgets of the budget system and to attract new tax payers (35 in 2017).
It was sent for voluntary fulfillment of the requirements for making payments for the negative impact on the environment:
39 claim letters in 2016 for a total of RUB 10,962,077.90, of which RUB 227,689.65 were voluntarily paid;
47 claim letters in 2017 for a total amount of 13,332,124.24 rubles, of which 795,730.94 rubles were voluntarily paid.
The Department organizes work to clarify the type and ownership of payments received by the UFK accounts in the Trans-Baikal Territory, in 2017 - 625 notifications.
The Republic of Buryatia
On the territory of the Republic of Buryatia there are 23 municipalities, 6 cities, 29 urban-type settlements, 615 settlements. The administrative, economic and cultural center of the republic is the city of Ulan-Ude. The permanent population is 971.8 thousand people.
Lake Baikal is located on the territory of the republic, recognized in 1996 as a UNESCO World Natural Heritage site according to all four natural criteria.
In May 1999, a special Federal Law “On the Protection of Lake Baikal” No. 94-FZ was adopted, which defines the special status of the Baikal natural territory with a specific regime for the protection and use of natural resources and a special regime for economic and other activities.
On the territory of the Republic of Buryatia, the Severo-Baikal, Ulan-Ude, Kyakhtinsky, Zakamensky, Nizhneselenginsky industrial centers are distinguished. The climate is sharply continental, with cold winters and hot summers.
The Department has 1,080 facilities on the books that have a negative impact on the environment on the territory of the Republic of Buryatia, operated by 254 business entities.
Baikal natural territory
The Baikal natural territory includes Lake Baikal, the water protection zone adjacent to Lake Baikal, its catchment area within the territory of the Russian Federation, specially protected natural areas adjacent to Lake Baikal, as well as the territory adjacent to Lake Baikal up to 200 kilometers wide to the west and northwest of it.
There are three zones on the Baikal natural territory: the central ecological zone; buffer ecological zone; ecological zone of atmospheric influence.
Within the Republic of Buryatia, the Baikal natural territory occupies 62.7% of the total area of the region. 97.3% of the total population of the region lives in the BNT. 90.5% of the municipalities of the Republic are located on the BNT.
The area of the Central Ecological Zone within the republic is 57.57 thousand km2, or 64.3% of the entire area of the BNT CEZ; the area of the buffer zone is 162.37 thousand km2, or 74.5% of the total area of the buffer zone; the area of the zone of atmospheric influence is 0.8 thousand km2, or 1% of the total area of the zone of atmospheric influence.
The Baikal natural area is characterized by a complex of exceptional natural features with its unique climatic, geological, biosphere and other conditions for the existence of wildlife and is a kind of Mecca for tourists. The total number of nature reserves, sanctuaries, national parks and protected natural monuments of federal and regional significance is approaching 80 in total.
Among them are the Barguzinsky State Biosphere Reserve, the first created in the history of national nature conservation, the Baikal State Biosphere Reserve and the Frolikhinsky, Altacheysky and Kabansky reserves included in it, the Dzherginsky State Nature Reserve, the Zabaikalsky National Park, and the Tunkinsky National Park. All of them are protected areas of federal significance. There are 13 reserves of regional importance in the republic, as well as recreational and health-improving areas.
In total, in 2018, the Department received 162 instructions from the CA of Rosprirodnadzor to conduct 172 objects of state environmental expertise.
In 2018, the Department approved 120 conclusions of the state environmental expertise, incl. 110 positive, 10 negative.
State of the environment on the territory of the Republic of Buryatia
atmospheric air
According to the data of average long-term observations of the state of atmospheric air conducted on the territory of the Republic of Buryatia by the territorial bodies of Roshydromet, the city of Ulan-Ude is annually included in the Priority List of Russian cities with a very high level of air pollution.
An increase in the number of autonomous sources of heat supply (private houses, boiler houses, etc.) using coal, the absence of alternative sources of heat supply are one of the main causes of air pollution in Ulan-Ude. It is also necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the geographical location of Ulan-Ude and climatic characteristics in winter, which affect the increase in the level of pollutants in the atmospheric air.
The volume of emissions: from stationary sources is 113.3 thousand tons (0.64% of the Russian Federation), from transport in the cities of the Republic - 45.1 thousand tons.
As priority and priority measures, it is necessary to carry out measures for the reconstruction and modernization of heat supply networks in Ulan-Ude and the construction, reconstruction and modernization of heat supply sources and networks in the municipalities of the Republic of Buryatia located in the Central Ecological Zone of the Baikal natural territory (Barguzinsky, Kabansky, Severobaikalsky districts).
As part of the implementation of control and supervision activities, in 2018 the Department continued the practice of introducing a risk-based approach. The inspection plan primarily covers high-risk facilities. Considering the results of 2018, the number of inspections was 19, incl. 10 scheduled and 9 unscheduled. Unscheduled inspections in most cases are carried out to verify compliance with previously issued instructions. In total, 17 controlled objects were checked, 6 prescriptions were issued. 17 administrative cases were initiated, 11 decisions on the imposition of administrative punishment were issued. The amount of fines amounted to 82 thousand rubles.
Water resources
The territory of Buryatia includes 60% of the coastline of Lake Baikal, more than 50% of the Baikal Natural Territory (BNT) and 75% of the buffer ecological zone of the BNT. 42.6% of the area of the Central Ecological Zone of the BNT zone (37.73 thousand km2) is located on the territory of the republic.
There are over 32 thousand rivers in the Republic of Buryatia with a total length of 152 thousand km. Half of the total number of rivers in Buryatia belongs to the Baikal basin and are fishery water bodies of the highest category.
On the territory of the republic there are 7 transboundary and 1 border river Selenga.
Water bodies in the territory of Ulan-Ude (R. Selenga, R. Uda) are under pronounced technogenic and anthropogenic impact. The level of pollution of surface water bodies remains quite high.
Most enterprises of the republic operate treatment facilities with a high degree of deterioration.
In 2018, the Department conducted 29 inspections in the field of water relations, incl. 10 scheduled, 9 unscheduled. Along with the indicated checks, the Department carried out 16 raids. Checked 20 objects. 10 orders issued. 20 administrative cases were initiated, 12 decisions on the imposition of administrative punishment were issued. The amount of fines amounted to 204 thousand rubles.
Production and consumption waste
In 2017, 48,396.95 thousand tons of waste was generated in the republic as a result of the activities of business entities.
Compared to 2016, there was an increase in waste generation by 7.1% (3202.1 thousand tons), including by hazard classes:
– 1st hazard class – no changes;
– 2nd hazard class – reduction by 7.9% (5 tons);
– 3rd hazard class – reduction by 22.7% (14263 tons);
– hazard class 4 – reduction by 38.6% (81968 tons);
– Hazard class 5 – reduction by 7.3% (3,298,310 tons).
The increase in the amount of waste generation in 2017 in the whole country was due to an increase in the amount of overburden formed during the extraction of minerals - the 5th hazard class.
The percentage of waste use at enterprises increased to 65.0% and amounted to 31,032.2 thousand tons (in 2016 - 9,839.2 thousand tons, or 21.8%). Compared to 2016, this figure has tripled. The reason for the increase in the indicator is the use of overburden for the reclamation of coal mines.
Neutralized at enterprises - 42.3 thousand tons of waste, which is 9.4% less compared to 2016 (in 2016 - 46.7 thousand tons).
Waste buried:
At waste disposal sites (authorized landfills, solid waste landfills) - 172.8 thousand tons of waste.
At own waste disposal facilities - 734.8 thousand tons.
At the end of 2017, waste was accumulated - 162,166.1 thousand tons (in 2016 - 187,445.5 thousand tons).
The main sources of waste generation are Buryatskaya Mining Company LLC, East Siberian Mining Company LLC, Tugnuisky Open-Pit Mine JSC, Ugolny Razrez LLC, Buryatzoloto PJSC, Zapadnaya Mining Artel LLC, Tsipikansky Priisk LLC ".
The formation of the main volume of waste is observed in the mining of brown coal, non-ferrous metal ores, in the field of providing electric energy, gas and steam, in the production of cement, lime and gypsum, as well as in the production of textiles. The largest amount of waste is generated during the extraction of minerals, the contribution from this type of activity to the total amount of waste generation in the Republic of Buryatia amounted to 96.39% in 2017 (in 2016 - 94.53%), including from the extraction of brown coal - 70.0%.
Compared to 2016, there is a decrease in waste generation: in the production of textiles and in activities for the elimination of pollution - by 100%, in sewage and water supply - by 63.7%; in cement production - by 26.6%, in metallurgical production - by 17%, in the field of brown coal mining - by 9.6%, from other types of economic activity - by 28.2%.
The rate of waste generation increased: by 34% in agriculture, by 7% in the extraction of non-ferrous metal ores; by 6.7% - in the production and supply of electricity, gas and steam.
In 2018, the Department carried out 10 scheduled, 16 unscheduled inspections, 29 raid events in the field of waste management. 24 controlled objects were checked. 47 violations were revealed. 26 resolutions on administrative punishment were issued. The amount of fines brought was 918 thousand rubles.
Specially protected natural areas
The natural reserve fund of specially protected natural areas (SPNA) of federal significance in the region is 2412.12 thousand hectares (6.86% of the territory of the republic) and includes the following categories of protected areas: state nature reserves, national parks, state nature reserves of federal significance.
The total number of reserves, reserves, national parks and protected natural monuments of federal and regional significance in the Republic of Buryatia is approaching 80 in total.
Among them are the Barguzinsky State Biosphere Reserve, the first created in the history of national nature conservation, the Baikal State Biosphere Reserve and the Frolikhinsky, Altacheysky and Kabansky reserves included in it, the Dzherginsky State Nature Reserve, the Zabaikalsky National Park, and the Tunkinsky National Park. All of them are protected areas of federal significance. There are 13 reserves of regional importance in the republic, as well as recreational and health-improving areas.
In 2018, the Department conducted 5 unscheduled inspections and 3 raid activities in the course of forest control in the protected areas. 9 violations were revealed. 5 resolutions were issued on the appointment of an administrative penalty. The amount of fines amounted to 527 thousand rubles.
Land resources
The issues in this area are as follows:
1. There are no landfills for the disposal of hazardous industrial waste on the territory of the Republic of Buryatia.
2. Insufficient number of landfills for the placement of municipal solid waste.
3. Inefficient implementation of regional programs and performance of local self-government functions.
In 2018, the Department in this area of supervision carried out 10 scheduled and 2 unscheduled inspections, as well as 26 raid activities. Inspections covered 12 controlled objects. 3 perpetrators were brought to administrative responsibility. The amount of fines amounted to 430 thousand rubles.
Generalized information on the results of control and supervision activities in 2018
In 2018, the number of inspections amounted to 103, of which 11 were scheduled, and 92 were unscheduled (of which 47 were carried out to comply with orders, 2 on behalf of the Government of the Russian Federation, 2 on behalf of prosecutors, and on appeals from citizens, legal entities and media information - 5, pre-licensing control - 36).
63 raid events were carried out (according to the orders and orders of the Directorate).
Participated in 2 scheduled inspections (Ministry of Natural Resources of the Republic of Buryatia, Burprirodnadzor) and 4 unscheduled inspections conducted by the Department of Rosprirodnadzor in the Siberian Federal District.
Participated in 72 inspections of the prosecutor's office (according to the orders of the Office).
17 administrative investigations were carried out.
168 violations were identified, including 119 violations of environmental legislation, and 49 violations under chapters 14, 19 and 20 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.
72 violations have been eliminated (taking into account the orders carried over from previous years - 50, without issuing orders - 22.
47 prescriptions were issued. 50 prescriptions were fulfilled (taking into account those carried over from the previous year).
Issued submissions on the elimination of the causes and conditions that contributed to the commission of an administrative offense - 7. Information received on submissions - 8 (1 - 2017).
101 warnings were issued about the inadmissibility of violating the mandatory requirements of environmental legislation.
139 administrative cases were initiated.
Compiled protocols on administrative offense - 95.
Considered administrative cases - 115, incl. transferred to Rosprirodnadzor according to jurisdiction - 25.
For failure to comply within the prescribed period of instructions to eliminate the identified violations sent to justices of the peace in accordance with Part. 1 Article. 19.5 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation 19 administrative cases.
For failure to pay an administrative fine on time for hours. 1 Article. 20.25 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation 20 administrative cases were sent to justices of the peace.
For carrying out activities for the transportation of waste of hazard class IV without a duly issued license for the collection, transportation, processing, disposal, neutralization, disposal of waste of hazard classes I–IV under Part 1 of Art. 19.20 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation 7 administrative cases were sent to justices of the peace.
For failure to provide information to a state body (official), the submission of which is provided for by law and is necessary for the implementation of this body (official) of its legal activities, according to Art. 19.7 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation 3 administrative cases were sent to justices of the peace.
For violations of environmental legislation, 77 resolutions were issued on bringing to administrative responsibility (61 - a fine, 6 - a warning), incl. for legal entities - 41, officials - 22, individual entrepreneurs - 10, individuals - 4.
In total, fines were brought in the amount of 4689 thousand rubles.
The amount of fines payable in the reporting period is 2,776 thousand rubles.
In total, fines collected (paid) (taking into account those previously filed) - 2716.8 thousand rubles. (including those recovered in part); of which 2,243 thousand rubles presented by the Department; imposed by the judicial authorities - 473.8 thousand rubles.
3 damages in the amount of 324 thousand rubles were presented.
1 damage was recovered in the amount of 3.9227 thousand rubles.
Previously reported damages have not been recovered.
2 materials of unscheduled inspections were sent to Rosprirodnadzor to consider the issue of early termination of the right to use subsoil.
The total amount of funds spent by supervised facilities for the implementation of reclamation work on the instructions of state inspectors of the Office or by decision of the judiciary based on materials prepared by the Office amounted to 0 thousand rubles.
The total amount of funds spent by supervised facilities for the implementation of water protection measures on the instructions of state inspectors of the Office or by decision of the judicial authorities based on materials prepared by the Office amounted to 18061.292 thousand rubles.
The total amount of funds spent by supervised objects for the implementation of environmental protection measures on the instructions of state inspectors of the Office or by decision of the judiciary based on materials prepared by the Office amounted to 17,756.793 thousand rubles.
The total amount of funds spent by supervised objects for the performance of geological exploration in order to comply with the instructions of state inspectors of the Office or by decision of the judiciary based on materials prepared by the Office amounted to 0 thousand rubles.
The total amount of taxes and payments in the field of subsoil use, additionally assessed based on the results of inspections by state inspectors of the Department or by decision of the judicial authorities based on materials prepared by the Department, amounted to 2149.302 thousand rubles.
The total indirect economic effect is 37967.387 thousand rubles.
The volume of receipts to the budgets of the budgetary system of the Russian Federation in the form of fines confirmed by the Treasury of the Russian Federation (excluding fines from protected areas) is 2,716.8 thousand rubles.
The amount of receipts to the budgets of the budgetary system of the Russian Federation in compensation for damage caused to the environment, confirmed by the Treasury of the Russian Federation, is 3.9227 thousand rubles.
As of December 31, 2018, the volume of receipts to the budgets of the budgetary system of the Russian Federation of fees for the negative impact on the environment, confirmed by the Treasury of the Russian Federation, is 48433.166412 thousand rubles.
The total direct economic effect is 51149.96641 thousand rubles.
The overall economic effect is 89117.35341 thousand rubles.
Environmental issues of the region
1. Problems in the field of production and consumption waste management (insufficient number of infrastructure facilities in the field of waste management; liquidation and reclamation of places of unauthorized disposal of MSW).
2. Pollution of surface water bodies with wastewater (construction, reconstruction and modernization of treatment facilities with wastewater discharge into surface water bodies).
3. Air pollution in the city of Ulan-Ude and the village. Selenginsk (implementation of measures to reduce the level of air pollution).
4. Accumulated environmental damage (implementation of measures to eliminate dumps of the Kholboldzhinsky coal mine and waste heaps of the former Gusinoozerskaya mine; subsoil accumulation of oil products polluting the waters of the Selenga River in the area of the Steklozavod settlement of Ulan-Ude; consequences of the activities of the Dzhida tungsten-molybdenum plant).
5. Annual rationing in the Baikal natural territory within the Republic of Buryatia (regulatory regulation of rationing in the BNT).
Zabaikalsky State National Park is a true pearl of Buryatia. The unique landscapes of the eastern coast of Lake Baikal, valuable natural complexes, the safety of which was under threat, prompted the Government of the RSFSR in 1986 to issue a decree on the creation of a state-protected park in this area.
Here is a real paradise for animals: more than 44 species of mammals, 50 vertebrates, 241 species of birds, 3 species of reptiles and the same number of amphibians. Many representatives of the fauna are included in the Red Book of Russia.
The national park is part of a huge complex, a real repository of northern sights and natural beauties called the Reserve Podlemorie. It includes two more parks - the Frolikhinsky Reserve and All three nature protection zones are part of the Lake Baikal object, which is under the protection of UNESCO.
Park Features
The territory of the protected zone covers the Akademichesky, Sredinny, Svyatonossky and Barguzinsky ridges and occupies a total of 269 thousand hectares. 37 thousand hectares is the water area of Lake Baikal, the deepest freshwater lake in the world.
Most of the reserve complex is occupied by mountain slopes, abundantly covered with thickets of dwarf birch, dwarf pine, larch, pine and cedar taiga.
One of the most beautiful places is the Holy Nose Peninsula: the Chivyrkui Isthmus connects it with the eastern coast of Lake Baikal. The top of the Akademichesky Ridge, which is the underwater boundary between the northern and southern basins of the Baikal Basin, is represented by the Small Ushkany Islands and the Big Ushkany Island.
This formation is called an archipelago.
Chivyrkuisky Bay
The Zabaikalsky National Park is famous for the largest freshwater seal rookery in Baikal. This is an endemic of Baikal and the only representative of the order of pinnipeds. Most of the seals are found on the Ushkany Islands, where their number sometimes reaches 2500 - 3000 individuals. In autumn, during storms, seals (most often pregnant females) move to Chivyrkuisky Bay. However, this is not their winter hut: having healed and rested, the seals again move into open water, as the bay is covered with ice.
The bay is famous for its thermal springs, the most famous of which is the Serpent. It owes its name to the population of the common grass snake that lives in the Arangatui swamps. The water temperature in the spring sometimes reaches +50-60 degrees. Mineral springs Nechaevsky and Kulinye bogs are also popular among the guests of the park.
The shores of the Chivyrkuisky Bay are heavily indented, the waters cut into the land for 25 kilometers. This feature led to the fact that along the entire reservoir appeared small sandy bays protected from the winds up to five meters deep. One of the most remarkable is Ongokon Bay.
Five tourist routes enable guests to get acquainted with the inhabitants of the protected area, its beauties and breathtaking landscapes. From the highest point of the park - Mount Markovo, located on the Svyatoy Nos peninsula, an amazing panorama of the area opens up.
Islands and park
The nature of Buryatia is diverse and beautiful in any of its manifestations. So, taking a boat trip along the Chivirkuysky Bay, you can admire the real islands, the steep banks of which have turned into a refuge for numerous blue-gray birds that build their nests here.
Climatic features of the park
The park is located in the Central Baikal eastern climatic region, which is characterized by a continental climate with warm, sometimes dry summers and long cold winters. The influence of Baikal softens weather conditions in the coastal part of the protected area. The average temperature in winter is -19 degrees Celsius, in summer +14 degrees. The water temperature in the lake does not rise above +14 degrees even on the hottest days.
Water resources of the reserve
The Zabaikalsky National Park is rich in water resources. Many small rivers flow here, among which the Big Chivirkuy, Malaya and Bolshaya Cheremshana stand out. The basins of these rivers are closed, so they carry their waters to Baikal. There are also lakes here: the largest of them are Arangatui and Small Arangatui, located on the Chivyrkui Isthmus and connected to the bay. Bormashovoye Lake is smaller and is known for its mineral waters.
A feature of the park is the presence of karst lakes - there are more than twenty of them.
Flora of the Zabaikalsky National Park
The Trans-Baikal Territory is located in the zone of taiga forests, which directly affects the structure of the vegetation cover in this area. It is due to the vertical zonality of the Trans-Baikal mountainous regions. The forests mainly consist of coniferous trees: Gmelin larch, Siberian fir, pine, cedar and elfin cedar.
A small area is occupied by deciduous forests, mostly represented by stone and broad-leaved birches and aspens.
The Trans-Baikal National Park is distinguished by an unusual distribution of mountain taiga forests compared to their location in the continental Siberian mountains. So, in the park, the number of cedar-larch and larch trees is relatively small - their area occupies about 14 thousand hectares, and they are located on madders along river terraces, while in other Siberian forests such trees are represented in the majority.
Endemics and relics
The flora of the protected area is diverse, many plant species are endemic and relict. The most valuable of them settled in the highlands of the Ushkany Islands and the Holy Nose.
These include Chozenia, communities of Siberian dwarf pine and dwarf dwarf birch, and Teeling's Borodinia.
fauna diversity
The Trans-Baikal National Park has become a real home for sables, wolves, wolverines, bears, foxes, squirrels, elks, brown bears, red-gray voles, hazel grouses, nutcrackers, musk deer, black-capped marmots and many other representatives of the fauna. Animals here feel completely safe.
Among representatives of amphibians there are rare species - Siberian and Moor frogs. Six species of reptiles also found here include the grass snake, muzzle and viviparous lizard.
Among the birds, both sedentary and vagrant, one can meet white and yellow wagtails, brown-headed chickadees, Muscovites, Dubrovniks, nuthatches, nutcrackers, lapwings, snipes, blackies, river terns, gray and silver gulls. Sometimes in the park you can see a black stork (whose nesting site is still a mystery), golden eagle, white-tailed eagle, peregrine falcon and osprey.
Another rare bird that has disappeared from the coast of Lake Baikal and lives in small numbers in the Chivyrkuisky Bay is the great cormorant.
Many species of birds arrange their nests in swamps, hidden from human eyes and located mostly on the Chivyrkui Isthmus. The least transformed ecosystem of the world is also located here - the Arangatui swamps, which are inhabited by elk, capercaillie, and muskrats.
The most numerous is the group of waterfowl, represented by the common mallard, goldeneye, pintail, whooper swan, teal whistle and
There are also owl-like birds in the park: marsh and long-eared owls, eagle owls and snowy owls - very rare guests, found only in winter or in places where the human foot rarely steps.
The national parks of Buryatia, including the Zabaikalsky National Park, are rich in various representatives of the underwater world. So, in the reservoirs there are perch, ide, Siberian grayling, dace, burbot, sturgeon, pike, roach and an endemic species - a small golomyanka.
Zabaikalsky National Park: how to get there
The closest settlement to the park is the village of Ust-Barguzin.
You can get here by land or water. The optimal route by land is the services of private transport, which departs from Irkutsk along the coast of Lake Baikal. From the capital of the Republic of Buryatia - the city of Ulan-Ude - you can get to the park by taxi or regular bus.
The distance to the reserve is about 275 km and the journey takes about 5-6 hours.
Keep in mind that most of the way passes on a gravel road. For people who prefer the water route, private flights depart from the port of Baikal, as well as from the villages of Khuzhir, Nizhneangarsk and Listvyanka.
Having visited this park, you will not regret it for a minute, because it is not only the hallmark of Baikal, but also a real oasis of natural wonders, which are so rich in the Trans-Baikal Territory!
Specially protected natural
territories of Transbaikalia (SPNA)
As of June 1, 2014, the natural reserve fund of the Trans-Baikal Territory includes
2 natural biosphere reserves,
2 national parks, 1 natural park,
18 reserves,
65 monuments of nature.
Specially protected natural areas occupy 5.42% of the total area of the region.
There are 7 protected areas of federal status on the territory of the region:
biosphere reserves "Daursky" and "Sokhondinsky";
national parks "Alkhanai" and "Chikoy";
reserves "Tsasucheisky Bor" and "Dzeren Valley";
natural monument "Glaciers of Kodar".
In addition, more than 600 objects of geological heritage have been identified: stratigraphic, paleontological and mineralogical. Protected areas in Transbaikalia are unevenly distributed, for example, in areas such as Tungiro-Olekminsky, Mogochinsky, Chernyshevsky, Nerchinsky, Shilkinsky, Tungokochensky, Olovyanninsky, Sretensky, Nerchinsko-Zavodsky and Kalgansky, they are completely absent.
By the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 28, 2014, in the Trans-Baikal Territory, within the boundaries of two previously existing reserves (the federal "Burkalsky" and the regional "Atsinsky", on the lands of the forest fund),Chikoy National Park with a total area of 666.5 thousand hectares. The Chikoi National Park was created in accordance with the Park will allow to preserve the unique natural complexes in the upper reaches of the Chikoi River - the reference ecosystems of cedar forests and the South Siberian taiga, with elements of mountain steppes and alpine meadows. The territory of the national park is included in the boundaries of the Baikal natural territory. The national park has an excellent recreational potential: the original culture of the Old Believers, a unique archaeological province, the historical and cultural identity of the territory, outstanding natural conditions.
Created on December 11, 1973 for the protection and study of the unique natural complexes of Southern Transbaikalia. It is located on the territory of three administrative districts: Kyrinsky, Krasnochikoysky, Uletovsky. The status of the biosphere was assigned by the decision of UNESCO dated February 15, 1985. The sources of the river originate here. Chikoi (the extreme periphery of the Baikal-Yenisei basin) and the sources of rivers that carry their waters to the Pacific Ocean. The territory is characterized by a dense river network. The total area of the reserve is 210988 hectares.
The Sokhondinsky Reserve is located in the Central Transbaikalia, on the northeastern periphery of the Khentei-Chikoi Highlands. The territory of the reserve includes the Sokhondo mountain range, which is the most elevated part of the reserve.
The dominant type of vegetation in the reserve are forests, mainly larch and cedar-larch. Flat high watersheds are occupied by dark coniferous forests dominated by cedar. The tops of the watersheds are treeless, covered with mountainous tundra. Mountain-slope steppes in the reserve are marginal, have an upper limit of their distribution and penetrate quite high into the forest belt, occupying the lower parts of the southern slopes.
The main objects of wildlife protection are: sable, red deer, badger, roe deer, elk, wild boar, musk deer, stone capercaillie, ptarmigan, hazel grouse, black grouse, bearded partridge, mountain pipit, alpine converter, lenokBukukun lake.
Botanical objects of protection -Rhodiola rosea, Cossack juniper, Altai onion, large-flowered slipper, real slipper, smooth iris, tiger iris, white-flowered peony, Pennsylvania lily, dwarf lily, Siberian apricot, dagan hazel grouse, fine-spur catchment.
Of the rare species of animals, it is worth noting the presence here of the snow leopard, manul, white-tailed eagle, white-tailed crane, demoiselle crane, black crane, as well as stone capercaillie, black stork, kloktun, greater spotted eagle, imperial eagle, golden eagle, saker falcon, peregrine falcon, eagle owl.
Remarkable objects of inanimate nature are also known here, such as Sokhondo char, high-mountain lakes, the largest of which are Bukukun and Ulyurtui, moraine lakes Narya and Ugdyri, the world watershed separating the basins of the Arctic and Pacific oceans. On the territory of the reserve there are healing arshans, the most remarkable of which are Endinsky, Ingodinsky, Agutsakansky.
Located in the south of the Chita region along the state border of Russia with Mongolia, it was created on December 25, 1987 on the site of the Tsasucheisko-Toreysky federal reserve that existed here since 1981.
Wetlands and hilly steppes are typical landscapes of this protected area. Most of the reserve is occupied by Lake Barun-Torey, which has about 10 islands. The water level in the lakes and the number of islands are not constant. Their main wealth is large colonies of birds (gulls, terns, herons, cormorants, geese, etc.). The most interesting is the colony of the relic gull, one of the four known to the world. Barun-Torey forms a single system with Lake Zun-Torey. Both lakes with the lower reaches of the Imalka and Uldza rivers flowing into the Barun-Torey are included in the list of wetlands of international importance (Ramsar Convention). The ecosystems of the reserve, especially the coastal zone, change depending on the level of the lakes.
The rocky massif “Adon-Chelon” is somewhat different from the lake part of the reserve, which means “a herd of stone horses” in Buryat. Picturesque granite remnants-rocks, reminiscent of animals frozen in a frantic run or sleeping giants, the richest herbs of the meadow steppe, the cries of swifts nesting in the rocks, create a unique charm of this area. The reserve also includes a section of the island pine forest, formed by the rarest subspecies of Scots pine - Krylov's pine, ideally adapted to life in the arid steppes of Transbaikalia.
In the vicinity of the reserve live at the same time 6 species of cranes, of which 4 (Daurian, belladonna, gray and Japanese cranes) nest, and two (Siberian crane and black crane)
are on migration or summer flights. The Torey basin is the most important place for feeding and accumulation of many migratory birds. Among them, the population of only demoiselle crane reaches 30,000. For mammals, this territory is also important: the Torey depression is the only place in Russia where it constantly lives and breedsdzeren antelope
. Rich flora and fauna, picturesque landscapes and milky white beaches of the Torey Lakes attract many people. Today, Daursky employees have laid 5 excursion routes in the protected zone of the reserve and natural monuments of Priononye, and there are two visitor centers for visitors. All routes are combined, car-pedestrian.
Created in 1998. It is located in the Chita region on the southern slope of the Mogoytuysky ridge, on the territory of the Duldurginsky district of the Aginsky Buryat Autonomous Okrug, 250 km southeast of the administrative center - the city of Chita. The total area of the national park is 138,234 hectares, the protected zone is 105,355 hectares. The Alkhanai National Park was created both for the protection and recreational use of the mountain-taiga landscapes of Transbaikalia, and for the protection of places of worship of the Buryat people.
This territory is a mid-mountainous country with absolute heights of 1000-1200 m below sea level. In total, more than 340 plant species are found in the park ( Siberian mountain ash, cedar elfin, Daurian rhododendron, wild rosemary, larch, cedar and etc.), among them about 180 are used in official and folk medicine. Many rare and protected plants (Siberian apricot, membranous astragalus, Siberian barberry, large-flowered slipper and others. 16 species in total). To date, 165 species of insects, 2 species of amphibians, 4 species of reptiles, 95 species of birds, 23 species of mammals have been recorded in the park. Among them, rare and protected are: Far Eastern barberry whitefish, Evfem pigeon, Chetverikov pied, patterned snake, black stork, bean goose, whooper swan, upland buzzard, golden eagle, peregrine falcon, demoiselle crane, bustard, curlew, red wolf, musk deer.The species composition of fish in the reservoirs of the national park includes 18 species, among which the most valuable arelenok, grayling, taimen .
There are more than 6 geological monuments of nature on the territory of the national park, such as Onon-Turin deep fault, upland terraces, mud volcanoes
and others. Along with this, many places of worship closely related to the Buryat culture are concentrated in the park: Alkhanai oboo, Arshan valley, Dimchig sume rock remains, Gate Temple, Dorji Pagmyn, Naran Khazhad, Alkhanai peak, Sinners' Gap, Ekhyn Umai Cave , religious building (bomkhan) in the valley of the stream, stone stele Maanin shuluun. Park "Alkhanay" has great potential for the development of diverse tourism. 
Reserves appeared on the map of Eastern Transbaikalia in the 1960s. Most of them are zoological and are created to conserve hunting and fishing resources. After the expiration of the custom period (usually 10 years), they reopen hunting. Especially for the conservation of the black-capped marmot and bighorn sheep in the north of the region in the 80s of the XX century. Dzhilindinsky, Ingamakit and Sakukansky sanctuaries were created, which ceased to exist in 1998. The sanctuaries are allocated for the long-term prosperous existence of animals and plants, solving complex problems of preserving unique or typical natural environments. PAs of this category make up the majority of protected lands in the Trans-Baikal Territory.
Both regional and federal reserves were created in the region in different years. The latter, unlike regional ones, are always created without a time limit. To date, there are 20 reserves in the region, three of which have federal status (Burkalsky, Dzeren Valley and Tsasucheisky Bor). Two zakazniks are administered by higher category SPNA (Tsasucheisky Bor sanctuary under the jurisdiction of the Daursky nature reserve and the Mountain Steppe sanctuary under the jurisdiction of the Sokhondinsky nature reserve).
The main reasons for the creation of reserves was the need to preserve, reproduce and restore the number of game animals and birds, preserve their habitat, ensure the protection of rare and endangered species of animals and plants. Many sanctuaries are habitats for rare animals. The exception is the reserves of the steppe territories, for example, Aldondinsky, Aginskaya steppe. On their territory, species of animals listed in the Red Book of Russia, such as bustard, demoiselle crane, black crane, Dahurian crane, saker falcon, steppe eagle, Dahurian hedgehog, manul, gazelle, are registered. The main reasons for the creation of such reserves was the need to preserve, reproduce and restore the number of game animals and birds. A special place among the reserves is occupied by the reserves located in the Baikal natural territory. Among them is one reserve of federal significance - Burkalsky, the Ivano-Arakhleysky complex reserve, as well as the zoological Butungarsky and Atsinsky. These protected areas ensure the conservation of biological diversity on the extreme eastern periphery of the Lake Baikal basin. Baikal.
Monuments of nature.
In the Trans-Baikal Territory, these specially protected areas are the leaders in terms of number - there are 64 such objects, but they occupy no more than 2% of the total area of the SPNT of the region. Of all the protected areas in this category, only one - "Kodar Glaciers" - has a federal status. Among natural monuments, 10 have a botanical profile, 15 - hydrological, 22 - geological and 18 are complex. The natural monuments of the Trans-Baikal Territory include:
mineral springs : Purelagsky, Travertine, Sonny, Plotinny, Goryachiy Klyuch;
lakes: Arey, Arbakalir, Bain-Tsagan, Babiye, Barun-Shivertui, Bol. and Mal. Guzhirnye lakes, Borzinskoye Salt Lake, Gorbunka, Nalegar, Daurskoye, Doroninskoye, Shebety, Tsagan-Nor (Maltsokskoye), Khalanda, etc.;
extinct volcanoes ridge Udokan (Aku, Syni, Chepe), Mount Kropotkin, etc.;
paleontological outcrops: Chindantskoye, "Turga Fish Slates", Belaya Gora;
anthills Arahley lakes,semi-desert plant communities near Lake Nozhiy and steppe in the Dylbyrkhey gorge;
Glaciers Kodara and the tract Charsky Sands.
Therapeutic areas and resorts . Transbaikalia has long been famous for its excellent mineral springs and therapeutic mud, and in terms of their healing properties it is comparable to the well-known Caucasian clinics. At present, over 400 mineral springs have been recorded within Transbaikalia, most of which may have medicinal value. Sanatoriums were created on the basis of 7 springs.The sanatorium and resort network includes 8 resorts. The population enjoys special reverence for health-improving areas with therapeutic lake mud, sources of medicinal waters (arshans) and the presence of medicinal plants. The healing springs discovered in the 18th and 19th centuries in the basins of Chikoy, Bylyra, Kyra, Kuki, Yamarovka, Chara continue to serve people to this day. According to the requirements of environmental legislation, sanitary protection zones should be allocated around the sources. Some lakes with large reserves of therapeutic mud (such as Arey, Khalanda, Guzhirnye lakes, Babiye, Borzinskoye, etc.) also have the status of protected areas in the category of “natural monuments”. In the region, in accordance with the assessment of resort and recreational resources, the diversity of vegetation corresponds to the level of the Southern Crimea, Moldova, Transcaucasia and the Amur region; landscapes - to the level of the Carpathians, the Southern Crimea, the Black Sea coast, the Amur region. Mineral water sources and the mountain taiga climate received the highest rating as a sanatorium-and-spa resource. According to them, the region is comparable with the Carpathians, the Southern Crimea, the Caucasus, the Black Sea and Baltic coasts. Along with national parks, resorts can provide significant income to the region's budget.
One of the oldest medical and health-improving places in Transbaikalia is resort Darasun , the healing properties of mineral springs of which are widely known far beyond the region. The resort is located in the Karymsky district, 120 km south of the city of Chita. The resort treats cardiovascular diseases, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and organs of movement. Mineral springs also have unique healing properties.resort acook located 60 km west of the city of Chita. Diseases of the digestive system are treated here. Great popularityuses Urguchan resort , where radon baths are used to treat diseases of the organs of movement, digestion and the nervous system. The resort is located in the Baleisky district, in the vicinity of the village. Urguchan, 300 km east of the city of Chita. Mineral springs in resorts are also used to treat various diseases.Yamarovka (Krasnochikoysky district),Yamkun (Gazimuro-Zavodsky district). At all the listed resorts there are sanatoriums.
Map-scheme of development and location of specially protected natural areas
in the Trans-Baikal Territory
