The sun is the source of life on the planet. Its rays give the necessary light and warmth. At the same time, ultraviolet radiation from the Sun is detrimental to all living things. To find a compromise between the beneficial and harmful properties of the Sun, meteorologists calculate the ultraviolet radiation index, which characterizes the degree of its danger.

What UV radiation from the sun is

The ultraviolet radiation of the Sun has a wide range and is divided into three regions, two of which reach the Earth.

• UV-A. Longwave radiation range
  315–400 nm

  The rays pass almost freely through all atmospheric "barriers" and reach the Earth.

• UVB. Medium wave radiation range
  280–315 nm

  The rays are 90% absorbed by the ozone layer, carbon dioxide and water vapor.

• UVC. Shortwave radiation range
  100–280 nm

  The most dangerous area. They are completely absorbed by stratospheric ozone without reaching the Earth.

The more ozone, clouds and aerosols in the atmosphere, the less the harmful effect of the sun. However, these saving factors have a high natural variability. The annual maximum of stratospheric ozone occurs in spring, and the minimum - in autumn. Cloud cover is one of the most variable weather characteristics. The content of carbon dioxide also changes all the time.

At what values ​​of the UV index is there a danger

The UV index gives an estimate of the amount of UV radiation from the Sun on the Earth's surface. UV index values ​​range from safe 0 to extreme 11+.

• 0–2 Low
• 3–5 Moderate
• 6–7 High
• 8–10 Very high
• 11+ Extreme

In mid-latitudes, the UV index approaches unsafe values ​​(6–7) only at the maximum height of the Sun above the horizon (occurs in late June - early July). At the equator, during the year, the UV index reaches 9...11+ points.

What is the benefit of the sun

In small doses, UV radiation from the Sun is essential. The sun's rays synthesize melanin, serotonin, vitamin D, necessary for our health, and prevent rickets.

Melanin creates a kind of protective barrier for skin cells from the harmful effects of the sun. Because of it, our skin darkens and becomes more elastic.

Happiness hormone serotonin affects our well-being: it improves mood and increases overall vitality.

Vitamin D strengthens the immune system, stabilizes blood pressure and performs anti-rickets functions.

Why is the sun dangerous?

When sunbathing, it is important to understand that the line between beneficial and harmful Sun is very thin. Excessive sunburn always borders on a burn. UV radiation damages DNA in skin cells.

The body's defense system cannot cope with such an aggressive impact. This lowers the immune system, damages the retina, causes skin aging and can lead to cancer.

Ultraviolet destroys the DNA strand

How does the sun affect people?

Susceptibility to UV radiation depends on skin type. The most sensitive to the Sun are people of the European race - for them, protection is required already at an index of 3, and 6 is considered dangerous.

At the same time, for Indonesians and African Americans, this threshold is 6 and 8, respectively.

Who is affected the most by the Sun?

people with light
skin tone

People with many moles

Residents of the middle latitudes while relaxing in the south

winter lovers
fishing

Skiers and climbers

People with a family history of skin cancer

In what weather is the sun most dangerous

The fact that the Sun is dangerous only in hot and clear weather is a common misconception. You can also get burned in cool cloudy weather.

Cloudiness, no matter how dense it may be, does not at all reduce the amount of ultraviolet to zero. In mid-latitudes, cloud cover significantly reduces the risk of sunburn, which cannot be said about traditional beach holiday destinations. For example, in the tropics, if in sunny weather you can get burned in 30 minutes, then in cloudy weather - in a couple of hours.

How to protect yourself from the sun

To protect yourself from harmful rays, follow these simple rules:

Get less exposure to the Sun during the midday hours

Wear light-colored clothing, including wide-brimmed hats

Use protective creams

Wear sunglasses

Stay in the shade more on the beach

Which sunscreen to choose

Sunscreen varies in terms of sun protection and is labeled from 2 to 50+. The numbers indicate the proportion of solar radiation that overcomes the protection of the cream and reaches the skin.

For example, when applying a cream labeled 15, only 1/15 (or 7%) ultraviolet rays overcome protective film. In the case of cream 50, only 1/50, or 2%, affects the skin.

Sunscreen creates a reflective layer on the body. However, it is important to understand that no cream is capable of reflecting 100% of ultraviolet light.

For everyday use, when the time spent under the Sun does not exceed half an hour, a cream with protection 15 is quite suitable. For tanning on the beach, it is better to take 30 and above. However, for fair-skinned people, it is recommended to use a cream labeled 50+.

How to apply sunscreen

The cream should be applied evenly to all exposed skin, including the face, ears and neck. If you plan to sunbathe for a long time, then the cream should be applied twice: 30 minutes before going out and, additionally, before going to the beach.

Please refer to the cream instructions for how much to apply.

How to apply sunscreen while swimming

Sunscreen should be applied every time after bathing. Water washes away the protective film and, reflecting Sun rays, increases the dose of received ultraviolet radiation. Thus, when bathing, the risk of burning increases. However, due to the cooling effect, you may not feel the burn.

Excessive sweating and rubbing with a towel is also a reason to re-protect the skin.

It should be remembered that on the beach, even under an umbrella, the shade does not provide full protection. Sand, water, and even grass reflect up to 20% of UV rays, increasing their impact on the skin.

How to protect your eyes

Sunlight reflecting off water, snow, or sand can cause painful retinal burns. Use sunglasses with an ultraviolet filter to protect your eyes.

Danger for skiers and climbers

In the mountains, the atmospheric "filter" is thinner. For every 100 meters of altitude, the UV index increases by 5%.

Snow reflects up to 85% of UV rays. In addition, up to 80% of the ultraviolet reflected by the snow cover is again reflected by the clouds.

Thus, in the mountains, the Sun is most dangerous. Protect your face lower part chin and ears are necessary even in cloudy weather.

How to deal with sunburn if you are burned

Treat the body with a damp sponge to wet the burn

Lubricate the burnt areas with anti-burn cream

If the temperature rises, consult a doctor, you may be advised to take an antipyretic

If the burn is severe (skin is very swollen and blisters), seek medical attention.

Krasny Lyman city, Donetsk region

Train Station

Bust twice a Hero Soviet Union Leonid Denisovich Kizim

Monument to Motherland

Red Estuary- a city of regional significance, a district center. It is located in the north of the region near Lake Liman on railway line Kharkov-Rostov. It is located 105 km north of the regional center. Important railway junction.
Located: Ukraine, Donetsk region, Krasnolymansky district.

The territory in which it is located Red Estuary has been inhabited for a long time. In the basin of the Seversky Donets, archaeologists P. P. Efimenko and N. V. Sibilev discovered a number of valuable archaeological sites. In particular, in the western part of the Krasny Liman, which approaches the river, the remains of sites of fishermen and hunters of the Neolithic era were found, near the village of Shchurova - the remains of a settlement of the Bronze Age. On the shore of Lake Liman, a Scythian settlement of the 4th - 3rd centuries was excavated. BC e. In addition, stone sculptures of nomads of the 9th - 13th centuries were found.

Sloboda Liman was founded in 1667 near the Mayatskaya fortress, among other settlements for defense against the Crimean Tatars. It got its name from the lake on the shore of which it arose.

In 1825 the Liman settlement was transformed into a military settlement. There were 258 yards of military settlers who were distributed among companies, obeyed strict military discipline, and did not have the right to engage in crafts and trade. In 1857, the government transferred the settlers to the position of state peasants.

In 1879, the following were built in Liman:

• three oil mills
• two forges,
• two shops,
• score.

Every year two fairs were held, where they traded in bread, livestock, fish, handicrafts.

In 1907 - 1913. the railway line Lgov-Liman was built. At the same time, a locomotive depot and repair shops were built in the village. On the eve of the First World War, a feldsher station, a zemstvo school, and a college worked in Liman.

In the late 1920s in Liman, a technical reconstruction of the railway junction was carried out, a power plant, a water pump, a water supply system, and a post for equipping steam locomotives were built.

In the 30s. built:

• rosin and turpentine plant,
• recycling companies,
• bakery,
• dairy,
• Promartels were created for tailoring clothes and shoes.

In 1938, the railway settlement and the village of Liman were merged into the city of Krasny Liman. On the eve of the Great Patriotic War in the city were built: the Palace of Culture, the House of the Commune, 9 general education schools, two schools for working youth, a branch of the Kharkov Railway Institute, a railway technical school.

In the 1950s built:

• cinder block plant,
• silicate brick plant,
• auto repair shops,
• food plant,
• shop for the production of antibiotics at the veterinary clinic.

Asphalt and feed mills have been operating since 1975. There is a weather station in the city.

Krasny Liman is a major railway junction. Main enterprises: locomotive depot, asphalt concrete plants, cannery, mixed fodder, quarry management, food and flavor factory, leshozzag, animal husbandry.

The Krasnolimanskoe fur farm is one of the largest in Ukraine. More than 40 thousand mink skins are produced here annually. Keeping animals in conditions close to natural allows you to get high quality fur.

Work in the city:

• technical school of machinists,
• medical School.

The forest surroundings of Krasny Liman serve as a place of rest for residents of Donetsk and other regions of Ukraine.

Krasny Liman is the birthplace of the pilot-cosmonaut, twice Hero of the Soviet Union L. D. Kizim.

Attractions:

• House of Science and Technology of the Locomotive Depot (Kirov Street);
• Sports complex "Lokomotiv" (Chapaeva street);
• House of Culture of the microdistrict "Vostochny" (street 3 Pyatiletki).

Flag Red Liman	Coat of arms of Krasny Liman
Country	Ukraine
Status	city ​​of regional subordination
Region	Donetsk region
Area	Krasnolimansky district
Density	1,548 people/km²
Timezone	UTC+2, summer UTC+3
Coordinates	Coordinates: 48°59′00″ s. sh. 37°48′30″ in.  / 48.983333° N sh. 37.808333° E (G) (O) (I) 48°59′00″ s. sh. 37°48′30″ in.  / 48.983333° N sh. 37.808333° E d. (G) (O) (I)
car code	AH/05
City with	1938
Telephone code	+380 6261
Former names	up to year1 - Lyman
Founded	1667
Postal codes	84400-84409
Population	28.2 thousand people (2001)
Chapter	Leonid Perebeinos
Square	18.2 km²

Krasniy Lyman (Ukrainian Krasniy Liman) is a city of regional significance in the Donetsk region. The administrative center of the Krasnolimansky district (not part of the district). Railway junction.

Economy

Today, Krasny Lyman is the largest railway junction, handling up to 30% of all cargoes of the Donetsk railway. 35% work in railway transport total number employed in the national economy, in industry - 18%. Railway transport enterprises (TC Krasny Lyman), food industry, feed mill, quarry management and others.

By right, Krasny Lyman can be called a predominantly agricultural region. More than 80 enterprises operate on the territory of the Krasnolimansky district Agriculture. Leshozzag, animal husbandry - one of the largest in Ukraine. More than 40 thousand mink skins are produced here annually. Keeping animals in conditions close to natural allows you to get high quality fur.

Previously, sand-lime brick factories, an asphalt-concrete and canning factory, and a food and flavor factory worked in the city. There is a Torsk branch of OOO Donbassnefteprodukt.

• The volume of industrial production is UAH 3.6 million (UAH 129 per 1 inhabitant).
• Industrial production index - 15.5% in 2003 to 1990.

Attractions

• Sports complex "Lokomotiv" (Chapaeva street)
• House of Culture of the microdistrict "Vostochny" (st. 3 Pyatiletki)
• House of Science and Technology of the Locomotive Depot (Kirov St.)

Geography

It is located in the north of the Donetsk region. Included in the Kramatorsk agglomeration.

Distance to Donetsk: by road - 136 km, by railway - 137 km. Distance to Kyiv: by road - 789 km, by railway - 650 km.

Social sphere

Technical school of machinists. Medical School. 3 hospitals (865 beds, 100 doctors), 3 palaces of culture, 29 libraries, 10 schools (4,500 students and 250 teachers).

famous residents

Krasny Liman is the birthplace of the USSR cosmonaut Leonid Kizim.

Story

The year of foundation has been variously dated from 1644 to 1667. Last year most likely, because it is under it that the first mention of the Liman settlement is found, which was founded by the Cossacks from the Mayaki fortress, located nearby. Sloboda Liman (later the village of Liman) was part of the Izyum district of the Kharkov province and is located near the remains of the ancient lakes that gave it its name (Liman - lake), 8 km from the Seversky Donets River. In 1911 there passed Railway, a locomotive depot and the Shukhtanovo station (until 1916), named after the railway engineer Shukhtanov, were built. In 1923, former soldiers of the 1st Ukrainian army appealed to the authorities of Soviet Ukraine with a request to rename the Liman station to the Krasny Liman station. The request was granted. During the administrative reform of 1938, the Krasny Liman station and Liman village were merged into one. This is how the city of Krasny Liman arose - a regional center formed six years earlier by the Donetsk region.

In the 1950s, cinder-block and silicate brick factories, car repair shops, a food processing plant, a workshop for the production of antibiotics at a veterinary clinic were built, and a railway junction was electrified. Asphalt and feed mills have been operating since 1975.

Population

28.172 thousand inhabitants (2001) with territories subordinate to the City Council 29.61 thousand inhabitants. The use of the Russian language dominates in the city. The population at the beginning of 2004 was 26.7 thousand people.

Birth rate - 7.7 per 1000 people, mortality - 21.1, natural decline - 13.4, migration balance is negative (-13.9 per 1000 people).

Finance

Direct foreign investments for 2003 - 0.15 million US dollars. The volume of services rendered in 2003 was UAH 87.1 million. The unemployment rate is 5.6%. The average monthly salary in 2003 was 571 hryvnias.

Krasny Lyman (until 1938 - the village of Liman) - a city of regional subordination, the center of the region. Located 105 kilometers north of Regional Center on the railway line Moscow - Rostov. Important railway junction. The population is 32.4 thousand people. The village of Stavki and the villages of Brusovka, Stary Karavan, and Shchurovo are subordinated to the Krasnolimansky City Council.

The territory on which the Red Liman is located has been inhabited for a long time. In the basin of the Seversky Donets, archaeologists P. P. Efimenko and N. V. Sibilev discovered a number of valuable archaeological sites. In particular, in the western part of the Krasny Liman, which approaches the river, the remains of sites of fishermen and hunters of the Neolithic era were found, near the village of Shchurova - the remains of a settlement of the Bronze Age. On the shore of Lake Liman, a Scythian settlement of the 4th-3rd centuries was excavated. BC e. In addition, stone sculptures of nomads of the 9th-13th centuries were found. n. era.

The settled population on the territory of modern Krasny Liman appeared in the 17th century, when Russian state in order to defend against the Crimean Tatars, it strengthened the guard service on the Seversky Donets. The emergence of the Liman settlement is closely connected with the history of the Mayatskaya fortress, located 14 km from it. Not far away was the Izyum Way, which was used Crimean Tatars, making raids on Ukrainian and Russian lands. A number of settlements were founded near the Mayatskaya fortress to protect this steppe region from nomadic hordes, including the Liman settlement, which arose in 1667. It got its name from the lake of the same name. In addition to the settlers employed by the military guard service, the lands along the Seversky Donets were inhabited by Cossacks and fugitive peasants from the Dnieper region.

Strengthening the defensive lines, the tsarist government in every possible way contributed to the growth of large feudal landownership, generously distributing land to both Russian landowners and Ukrainian Cossack foremen. Service people, Cossack assistants who lived in Liman, performed burdensome duties in favor of the treasury and foremen: they built roads, carried firewood, etc. This caused indignation, protest, and complaints from the working part of the population. So, in July 1763, on their behalf, S. Shramko, F. Borovensky, P. Mospan appealed to the “Commission of the Sloboda Regiments” with a complaint against the centurion Boguslavsky for oppression, arbitrariness, and exactions. They reported that they had previously filed similar complaints with the "Commission", but their situation not only did not improve, but worsened more and more.

After the liquidation of the Ukrainian suburban regiments, the Cossacks were deprived of Cossack privileges and turned into military inhabitants, close in their position to the state peasants. In 1767, 1337 inhabitants lived in Liman. In 1818, local residents protested against the creation of military settlements here in Izyum Uyezd. The authorities have resorted to arms. To prevent new unrest, the tsarist government temporarily abandoned the establishment of military settlements here. Therefore, the Liman settlement was transformed into a military settlement only on February 18, 1825. In 1830, there were 258 yards of military settlers in it. The inhabitants were divided into companies, severe military discipline was introduced. The difficult situation of the settlers was aggravated by the prohibition to engage in crafts and trade, which had a negative impact on the development of the economy. After the liquidation of military settlements by the tsarist government in 1857, the settlers were transferred to the position of state peasants.

In accordance with the royal decrees of 1866-1867. about the land arrangement of state peasants, the highest land allotment for the revision soul in Liman was four acres and was significantly less than the average allotment in the Kharkov province. In addition, some of the peasants were forced to move to the worst land. Serf exploitation was replaced by another - capitalist robbery.

The reform contributed to the further development of crafts and the domestic market, the involvement of the bulk of the peasants in the sphere of commodity-money relations. In 1879, there were three oil mills, two forges, two shops and a store in Liman. Every year, two fairs were held in the village, weekly, on Sundays, bazaars where they traded in bread, livestock, fish and handicrafts.

At the beginning of the 20th century, due to the deteriorating economic situation of the working masses and under the influence of the growing revolutionary movement in the country, the peasants of Liman joined the struggle against the autocracy. In 1903, the Kharkov Social Democrats brought proclamations and leaflets to the village, exposing the policy of tsarism and calling for a fight against it. They were distributed by revolutionary-minded villagers.

Many landless peasants and laborers who left the Liman in search of work at the enterprises of Kharkov, Izyum, Taganrog, Slavyansk, Bakhmut, Kramatorsk, joined the ranks of the working class and took part in its struggle against the autocracy.

During the period of the first Russian bourgeois-democratic revolution of 1905-1907. The Kharkov Bolsheviks carried out active political agitation among the inhabitants of Liman, organized rallies and gatherings, at which demands were put forward for the division of landlords' land and political freedoms. Under their leadership, in 1905, a May Day demonstration was organized in the village. On June 25, 1905, the workers of Liman took part in an anti-government demonstration held in Izyum; July 2 of the same year - at a rally on Kramatorsk machine-building plant. On September 14, 1907, the inhabitants of Liman elected A. A. Degtyarev, the organizer of anti-government protests, as their delegate to the meeting of electors for elections to the III State Duma.

The economic development of the village was influenced by the construction of the railway line Lgov - Liman. The railway section Lozovaya - Slavyanok - Nikitovka, built in 1869, did not ensure the timely export of goods from the Donbass. In 1907, the joint-stock company of the Severodonetsk railway began the construction of a new line according to projects developed back in 1895, the so-called. Special Commission for Strengthening the Railways of Donbass. Workers and peasants of Kharkov, Poltava, Kursk and other provinces were hired for the construction. At the same time, a locomotive depot, repair shops, and production facilities were being built in Liman. The railway sections Osnova - Liman - Yama, Slavyansk - Liman, Kramatorsk - Liman and the premises of the Liman station itself were put into operation in 1911, and in 1913 the laying of the second track track on the Liman - Yama section was completed.

The working and living conditions of the railroad workers were extremely difficult. They huddled in plank barracks, where beds were replaced by bunk beds. But not everyone had such housing. Many workers had to sleep on locomotives, wagons or sandboxes after their shifts. The peasants were not in the best position. In the report of the 5th medical district for 1879, it was noted that they live in clay shacks, which are something like a "Noah's Ark", containing, in addition to the owner's family, small livestock and poultry. On two streets of the Liman with the names characteristic of that time - Gryaznaya and Baklazhanovka - there were not even enough wells. The mortality rate was high during epidemics. Only in August 1870, out of 110 sick peasants, 23 died.

Zemstvo one-class school, founded in 1870, was placed in one room. In 1911, 71 boys and 15 girls studied at the school, one teacher worked. In three years, only eight students graduated from school. On the eve of the First World War, a two-class school was opened at the Liman station, in which in 1919-1920. famous Ukrainian worked Soviet poet A. S. Paniv (1899-1942).

The new revolutionary upsurge that began in the country also embraced the working people of Liman. At the May Day meeting in 1912, they declared their solidarity with the workers of the Lena mines. The core of Liman workers were former railroad builders who came from neighboring industrial cities and local residents. Among them were the Bolsheviks, as well as revolutionary-minded workers who carried out active political work among the population. Thus, in 1913, V. L. Shakhmatov, a locomotive depot mechanic, distributed the Bolshevik newspaper Pravda in Liman. Workers A. N. Izotov, F. K. Chelovyan and others were persecuted for anti-government propaganda.

In 1916, a strike of railroad workers took place in the village, who opposed the war, demanding peace and bread.

After the February bourgeois-democratic revolution, the Liman Bolsheviks organized a demonstration of workers and peasants in the village in support of the workers of Petrograd. On March 15, in the building of the school (now one of the buildings of the boarding school), a general meeting of the inhabitants of Liman was held, which elected the Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies, in which the Mensheviks seized most of the seats. On the railway station in March 1917, the trade union organization and the youth union "Spartak" were created. The Liman Bolsheviks supported the April theses of V. I. Lenin and the decisions of the VII (April) All-Russian Conference of the Bolsheviks. At the May Day meeting in 1917, many speakers ended their speeches with the words: “Long live the socialist revolution!”, “Long live our leader Lenin!”. To fight the counter-revolution, the Bolsheviks of Liman created a detachment of the Red Guard from workers and farm laborers. Under the influence of the Bolsheviks, on June 25, re-elections of the Soviet were held. The executive committee included 25 Bolsheviks and only 5 Mensheviks and Socialist-Revolutionaries.

In August 1917, G. I. Petrovsky, who was traveling around the Donbass at that time, addressed the workers and peasants of Liman with a call to unite under Bolshevik slogans. On September 15, 1917, a Bolshevik organization was formed in Liman. It included workers V. P. Dudnik, A. S. Udovichenko, F. S. Vorobyov and others. The organization was headed by a locomotive depot locksmith F. I. Ved. The Bolsheviks widely propagated the decisions of the VI Congress of the RSDLP(b). Having established contact with the Central Committee of the party, they received political literature from there, the Bolshevik newspaper Rabochy Put. In response to a letter from the Bolsheviks of the Limansky depot, the secretary of the Central Committee of the RSDLP (b) E. D. Stasova reported: “We are very glad that the newspaper provides support in your work. We are sending you literature. In October 1917, Liman's party organization, which grew to 70 people, helped strengthen the Red Guard detachment by sending Bolsheviks there. On October 20, the headquarters of the Red Guard was established in Liman, which was dominated by the Bolsheviks.

After the victory of the October armed uprising in Petrograd, on October 26 and 27, mass rallies and meetings were held at the station and in the village, where resolutions were adopted in which the workers and peasants assured the Central Committee of the Bolshevik Party, V. I. Lenin in support of revolutionary Petrograd and the power of the Soviets. On October 28, new re-elections of the Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies took place. The Bolshevik X. Polyakov was elected chairman. At the same time, a revolutionary committee headed by the communist F.I. Vedem was created. At the request of the workers, the old leaders, who resisted the revolutionary measures, were removed from the management of the railway junction. The nationalization of private enterprises was carried out. Under the leadership of the party organization and the Soviet, the workers of Liman set about restoring railway transport and repairing steam locomotives. In the spring of 1918, the poor began distributing the landed estates. The Council also took steps to eradicate illiteracy among the population. 4 schools for 360 students were opened.

The Bolshevik organization of Liman actively supported foreign policy Soviet state. Bolshevik V. P. Dudnik, a worker of a locomotive depot, was elected a delegate to the Extraordinary IV All-Russian Congress of Soviets. Upon his return, he explained Lenin's peace policy to the working people.

The great efforts of the party organization and the Soviet during this period were aimed at defeating the enemies of the young Soviet Republic. The workers and peasants of Liman were trained in military affairs. A combat squad of 400 people was organized in the village, which later joined the Red Guard detachment of Yuzovsky workers, headed by M.A. Kabanov, who arrived here. The workers of the depot converted a steam locomotive and two pullman cars into an armored train for the Red Guards, which received the name "Lightning". The Krasnogvardeisky detachment took an active part in the fight against the Kaledinites. In April 1918, when the threat of Austro-German occupation hung over the Donbass, the evacuation of locomotives and equipment began. In the second half of April, the Austro-German troops captured Liman. The Bolsheviks created an underground cell in the village. It was headed by Ya. N. Kucherenko, N. Ya. Skokov, E. F. Glushchenko. The party cell maintained close ties with the party organization of the Osnova station and together with it on June 27 took part in the election of delegates to the 1st Congress of the CP(b)U. The Bolsheviks distributed leaflets, carried out agitation and propaganda work among the population. In July 1918, the Liman railway workers took an active part in the all-Ukrainian strike of railway workers. Unfolded in August fighting Limansky partisan detachment, headed by the worker of the depot M. I. Dzyuba.

In early January 1919, after the expulsion of the Austro-German occupiers, the power of the Soviets was restored in Liman. The Council of Workers', Peasants' and Red Army Deputies was elected. The Bolsheviks of the village and Liman station elected a bureau of the party organization. In January 1919, the trade union organization of the railway junction resumed its activities. But in the spring of this year, bloody battles with the White Guards began here. Parts of the 9th division of the 13th army held back the onslaught of Denikin in the area of ​​​​Druzhkovka, Slavyansk and Liman. When in June 1919 the White Guards captured the settlement, the working masses, following the call of the Bolsheviks, rose to fight against the enemy. Many of them joined the partisan detachment under the command of M. I. Dziuba. On the railway sections Liman - Svyatogorskaya and Liman - Pit, the partisans derailed several enemy echelons, blew up the railway bridge, and seized a lot of weapons.

After successful military operations, scattered partisan detachments of Liman, Popovka, Bakhmut, Slavyansk joined the 12th Ukrainian Soviet Regiment. Denikins threw 800 Cossacks with artillery against the people's avengers, but they failed to defeat the partisans. During the offensive of the Red Army, the patriots in the Liman region defeated the White Guard battalion and destroyed the railway line. On December 27, 1919, units of the 13th Army liberated Liman.

Limantsy bravely fought with the enemy. For courage and heroism shown in battles, many of them were awarded government awards. The commander of the machine-gun company of the 12th Ukrainian Soviet regiment G. D. Volovod was awarded the order Red Banner. certificate of honor The Revolutionary Military Council of the First Cavalry Army handed over to the driver of the armored train "Victory or Death" I. F. Dudnik S. M. Budyonny. In the struggle for the power of the Soviets, the first chairman of the Revolutionary Committee, F.I., died the death of the brave. After all, the commander partisan detachment M. I. Dziuba, one of the organizers of youth in Liman M. Ya. Slastienko and others. The bodies of the Limanians who died in battles with the White Guards near Nikitovka in 1919 were transported to their native village and buried in a mass grave (near the current school No. 3), where a monument was erected to the heroes. At the request of the former soldiers of the 12th Ukrainian Soviet Regiment, the Liman station was renamed Krasny Liman on January 9, 1925.

After graduation civil war the Bolsheviks of the village led the struggle of the working people for the restoration of the destroyed economy. Their assistant was the Komsomol organization created in the second half of January 1920, which soon united 200 people, including 100 young workers.

Great help to the Liman communists in promoting the decisions of the party and government aimed at restoring National economy, rendered an agitation train " October Revolution”, which was headed by the chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee M. I. Kalinin. On February 2, 1921, he delivered a speech at a railroad rally. At the suggestion of M. I. Kalinin, food detachments were created in the village for the procurement of bread. Liman workers collected 3 million rubles for the starving Volga region. money and part of the funds in gold and silver. Having unanimously approved the decisions of the 10th Congress of the RCP(b) on the transition to a new economic policy, the Bolsheviks of Liman wrote in the resolution of the party meeting: "We swear to be staunch fighters for the cause of the party and not let go of arms until the final triumph of the ideals of communism throughout the world."

The workers repaired steam locomotives and wagons, restored the tracks, eliminating the severe consequences of hunger and devastation. In the conditions of the fight against banditry, they prepared firewood, necessary as fuel for steam locomotives. Railway workers actively participated in communist subbotniks. On May 18, 1921, Pravda published a photograph of the participants in one of the subbotniks held in the locomotive depot of the Liman station. Thanks to the help of the population, already on October 1, 1922, the Liman power plant was equipped, two-wire communication was installed on the Liman-Osnova stretch.

Since June 1920 Liman was part of the Slavic district of the Donetsk province. In 1923, it became the center of the Limansky district of the Bakhmut district. The main efforts of the district party and Soviet bodies were directed to the fastest possible restoration of the railway junction. Communists and Komsomol members were sent to the decisive sectors of production. In a short period, six leading services of the hub were restored, including the locomotive depot and the station. At the end of 1923, there were up to 2005 workers in Liman. The ranks of members of the Bolshevik Party grew. In 1924, more than 200 advanced workers and peasants of the region became communists of the Leninist draft.

The communist workers rendered great assistance to the workers of the countryside. As a result of the implementation of the Leninist Decree on Land, the peasants of the Limansky district received 39,000 acres of land. At the beginning of 1925, the first partnership for the joint cultivation of the land was created in Liman.

Along with solving economic problems, the Liman Soviet of Workers, Peasants and Red Army Deputies, the Komsomol and trade union organizations of the Liman railway junction, under the leadership of the communists, carried out significant work to improve the living conditions of workers and medical care. Near the station, a socialist settlement of railroad workers grew up. At the same time, houses were built at the expense of housing cooperatives. We opened a polyclinic, a children's consultation, a prosthetic outpatient clinic. Patients were served by 9 doctors and 11 paramedical workers. In all the villages that were part of the modern Krasny Liman, there were feldsher-obstetric stations. By the end of the recovery period, 4 primary schools and over 10 schools for the elimination of illiteracy for adults were operating in Liman. In 1925/26 academic year seven-year school opened. A vocational school and courses for machinists functioned at the railway junction. There was a club and a working library. In addition, at the enterprises, on the initiative of the Komsomol members, red corners were created, which became centers of a new, socialist culture. In 1922, a reading room was opened in the village. According to the 1926 census, there were 4.8 thousand inhabitants in the settlement and village of Liman, of which 3.2 thousand people were employed in enterprises and transport.

At the end of the 1920s, the technical reconstruction of the railway junction began in Liman. In 1929, a new power plant was put into operation, for the construction of which the state allocated almost half a million rubles. A powerful water pump, water supply and a post for equipping steam locomotives were built. Following the example of the miners of Donbass, the Liman railway workers joined the socialist competition. In 1929, since 1917, the engineer of a communist steam locomotive, I.S. Belan, was the first to start driving heavy trains of 2000-2500 tons instead of 1300 tons on the Krasny Lyman - Osnova section. To the call "From shock brigades - to shock work of the entire Donetsk road!" the team of the Krasnolimansky conductor reserve was the first to respond, declaring themselves shock. The workers of the passenger park organized a shock brigade named after. V. I. Lenin.

In November 1934, the station completed the construction of the first large mechanized slide in the USSR and Europe for disbanding and compiling trains. Two years later, fireless refueling of steam locomotives was introduced in the Liman locomotive depot, the sections Krasny Liman - Nikitovka and Krasny Liman - Osnova were transferred to automatic blocking. The significance of the node as the northern gate of Donbass especially increased in 1939-1940 in connection with the construction of a new line to Kupyansk.

In the process of mastering new technology, a movement of innovators unfolded. Among the leading workers were the electrician E. Ya. Belenko, the compiler of trains I. S. Dreval, the duty officer of the mechanized hill E. N. Andrievskaya, the locomotive driver A. P. Miroshnichenko, and others. Here the first test of steam locomotives of the FD brand was carried out. The driver G. F. Shulipa increased the speed and productivity of the steam locomotive "FD" by almost 1.5 times.

In 1935, a group of advanced railway workers was invited to a reception at the Kremlin. G. F. Shulipa, A. P. Miroshnichenko were awarded the Order of Lenin, I. S. Dreval - the Order of the Red Banner of Labor. At an all-Union meeting of party organizers of a number of large locomotive depots, it was noted that there were 50 followers of P. F. Krivonos in Krasny Liman. Engineers S. V. Kladnitsky and G. S. Shumilov increased the mileage of the “FD” steam locomotive without repair to 50-56 thousand km instead of 35 thousand km, provided for by the norm.

The local industry developed. In the second half of the 1930s, plants were built in Liman - a rosin-turpentine plant, a waste processing plant, bakeries and dairy plants. Promartels for tailoring and footwear "Krasny Luch" and "Krasny Shoemaker" began to work.

The workers of the settlement provided great patronage assistance to the working peasantry. Back in 1929, the agricultural artels “12 Years of October”, “Red Partisan”, “March 8”, “Flowering Field” were created in Liman. Among the first chairmen of the collective farms were the envoys of the working class, the communists P. A. Oleinik, A. P. Kravchenko and others. From their bonuses, the railroad deducted a certain amount, for which they purchased a tractor, a seeder, a mower and other agricultural implements. The delegation handed over this gift to the District Congress of Soviets. In 1930, the Stavki state farm was organized in Liman, supplying workers with fresh vegetables and milk.

Following the example of the railroad workers, in the 1930s, the collective farmers developed socialist emulation. The growth of agricultural production was facilitated by the merger in 1938 of three small agricultural artels into the collective farm Za Tempi. At the end of the second five-year plan, some advanced workers here received a grain harvest of 15-18 centners per hectare. Even richer harvests were gathered by the workers of the artel "12 years of October" and the state farm "Stavki". In 1940, the workers of the state farm received 19 quintals of grain and 138 quintals of vegetables per hectare, and the milk yield per cow was 1,720 liters. The collective farm "For Tempi", which in the same year was a participant in the All-Union Agricultural Exhibition, received a diploma for organizing breeding farms. The Liman hatchery and poultry station was awarded a small gold medal of the Exhibition. Increased wages on collective farms. So, in 1940, for a workday, the collective farmers of the Za Tempi agricultural artel received 2 kg of grain and 4.62 rubles. money.

In 1938, the settlement and the village of Liman merged. New locality categorized as cities and named Krasny Liman. At the beginning of 1939, there were 25.6 thousand inhabitants in Krasny Liman, of which over 20 thousand were workers and employees with families. The city has new beautiful streets, high-rise buildings, the Palace of Culture. Artem, the House of the Commune, the new station, etc. The public housing stock was 50 thousand square meters. meters. Individual developers have built over a thousand good houses. In the second half of the 1930s, a water supply system was laid and the streets were lit. Every year the well-being of the workers improved. In 1937, the first decade and a medical school were opened in the city. At the beginning of the third five-year plan in Krasny Liman there were nine middle, eight and primary schools, where 4.5 thousand children studied, and two schools for working youth. In 1932, a branch of the Kharkov Railway Institute and a railway technical school were opened. The nodal newspaper "Transportnik" was published (handwritten issue from 1924, printed - from 1929) and the regional newspaper "For Tempi" - from 1930 (from 1965 - "Dawn of Communism"). In July 1932, a literary circle was organized under the editorial office of the newspaper Za Tempi, later transformed into a literary studio.

At the Palace of Culture. Artem worked two drama circles, a bandura chapel, a symphony, folk instruments and a brass band, a dance group. In 1939, the bandura choir performed in the Hall of Columns in Moscow in front of the delegates of the XVIII Congress of the CPSU (b).

The workers of the Red Liman took an active part in public life. At the IX All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets, the best heavy-haul train driver P. S. Lagunov was elected a member of the VUTsIK. An active participant in the civil war, the locomotive driver I.F. Dudnik in 1922-1923. was elected as a candidate member of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR. The delegate of the Extraordinary VIII Congress of Soviets of the USSR was the duty officer of the mechanized hill E. N. Andrievskaya. In the elections to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR and the Ukrainian SSR of the first convocations, more than 98 percent voters of Krasny Liman voted for the candidates of the bloc of communists and non-party people - the initiator of the movement of innovators in transport P.F. Krivonos and the chairman of the collective farm "12 years of October" A.A. Oleinik. The initiator of driving trains on a circular schedule, the driver M. M. Konopkin, in 1939 was a delegate to the XVIII Congress of the CPSU (b). At the XIV Congress of the CP(b)U he was elected as a candidate member of the Central Committee of the CP(b) of Ukraine.

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Here is a map of Krasny Liman in the Donetsk region. A major railway junction in Ukraine and the region. Locals are unlikely to show you mushroom places in the forest on the map of Krasny Liman. However, the city is worth visiting and relaxing on the Blue Lakes. Weather for today.

Location of Krasny Liman on the map of Donetsk region

A small city in the Donetsk region is known beyond its borders, primarily for the presence of a large railway junction. Many years ago, the railway station became the center of freight traffic in this part of eastern Ukraine. Several years have passed, as in the course of the reorganization of the Donetsk railway, the station received even more powers and increased the flow of goods through its roads.

Among the inhabitants of the area Krasny Liman (Krasnyj-liman) is known for the presence of wonderful nature and wild forests. Most of the inhabitants of Donetsk and the region come in summer to the Blue Lakes, which are concentrated near the Red Liman.

A detailed map of the city of Krasny Liman shows every street and road in the territory. Using the navigation tools, you can zoom in on each feature on the map using the +/- tools. By zooming in on the map, the central streets and objects of the city become perfectly visible. Subordinates to the center of the region to the city of Donetsk.

Cities nearby:

1. Svyatogorsk
2. Artemovsk

A little further away is Nikolaevka. When zooming out and moving the object, these cities are clearly visible on the map of the Donetsk region and all of Ukraine.

View the entire Krasny Liman - a satellite map from Google allows you to go online. We click on the "Satellite" scheme type and admire the streets and roads from above. The railway infrastructure facilities and rolling stock repair facilities are perfectly visible. When moving the map, everyone will find their favorite site in the forests of the Krasnolimansky district.

As you may have noticed, and the map of Krasny Liman in the Donetsk region confirms this, the railway divides the entire city into two parts:

• southern
• northern

The administrative part of the city is located on the north side, while the residential multi-storey complex prevails on the south side of the city. On the north - more private sector.

If your neighbors are excellent mushroom pickers, ask them to show you a map of Krasny Liman mushroom places. Popular routes for mushroom pickers:

• station Yampol
• forests of Svyatogorsk and others

Attractions:

• dortechschool
• medical School
• Blue Lakes
• monument to pilot-cosmonaut Kizim L.D.

Coordinates - 48.98 and 37.81

Telephone code - 6261