Syntactic analysis of a sentence is the analysis of a sentence by members and parts of speech. Run parsing complex sentence possible according to the proposed plan. The sample will help to properly format the written analysis of the sentence, and the example will reveal the secrets of oral parsing.
Sentence parsing plan
1. Simple, simple, complicated by homogeneous members, or complex
2. According to the purpose of the statement: narrative, interrogative or incentive.
3. By intonation: exclamatory or non-exclamatory.
4. Common or non-common.
5. Determine the SUBJECT. Ask WHO? or WHAT? Underline the subject and determine what part of speech it is.
6. Define the PREDICTION. Ask questions WHAT DOES IT DO? etc. Underline the predicate and determine what part of speech it is expressed.
7. From the subject, ask questions to the minor members of the sentence. Underline them and determine what parts of speech they are expressed. Write out phrases with questions.
8. From the predicate, ask questions to the minor members. Underline them and determine what parts of speech they are expressed. Write out phrases with questions.
Sentence Parsing Sample
Already the sky breathed in autumn, the sun shone less often.
This proposal is complex First part:
(what?) the sky is the subject, expressed by the noun in singular. h., Wed. r., nar., inanimate, 2 cl., and. P.
(what did it do?) breathed - a predicate, expressed by the verb nes. species, 2 ref., in unit h., last vr., wed. R.
breathed (what?) in autumn - an addition, expressed by a noun in singular. h., w. r., nat., inanimate, 3 cl., etc.
breathed (when?) already - a circumstance of time, expressed in an adverb
second part:
(what?) the sun is the subject, expressed by the noun in singular. h., Wed. r., nar., inanimate, 2 cl., and. P.
(what did it do?) shone - a predicate, expressed by the verb nes. species, 1 ref., in unit h., last vr., wed. R.
shone (how?) less often - a circumstance of the manner of action, expressed by an adverb
shone (when?) already - a circumstance of time, expressed in an adverb
An example of parsing a sentence
They then flew obliquely in the wind, then lay down vertically on the damp grass.
This proposal is simple.
(what?) they are the subject, expressed by the pronoun pl. h., 3 l., and. P.
(what did they do?) flew - a homogeneous predicate, expressed by the verb non-view, 1 sp., pl. h.. past. vr..flyed
(what did they do?) lay down - a homogeneous predicate, expressed by the verb nes.vid, 1 sp., pl. h.. past. vr..
flew (how?) obliquely - a circumstance of the manner of action, expressed by an adverb.
flew (how?) in the wind - a circumstance of the course of action, expressed by the adverb
lay down (how?) sheer - circumstance of the manner of action, expressed by the adverb
lay down (where?) on the grass - a circumstance of the place, expressed by the noun adverb, inanimate, in singular. h., w. r., 1 fold, v.p. with a pretext
grass (what?) raw - a definition, expressed by an adjective in singular. h., female, v.p.
One of the basic forms of syntactic analysis is the parsing of a sentence by the members of the sentence. This allows you to track the nature of the links between different CLs of the sentence, determine the specifics of intonation, and also find the phrases used in the sentence. Despite the fact that such an analysis is taught from school, many people encounter a number of difficulties when performing such an analysis, and turn to the network for help. Below I will consider the scheme of such an analysis of the CL of a proposal, give the features of its key steps, and also tell you if there are online resources that can help us in performing analyzes of this type.
It is important for the formation and training of spelling literacy in people, honing the necessary spelling skills.
This is especially important in today's educational environment, when:
- falls middle level independent reading;
- there is an insufficient number of manuals on the method of spelling;
- going down general level student interest in learning.
When you regularly parse a proposal by members, you perform several basic tasks at once:
- Get acquainted directly with many syntactic constructions in offers;
- Learn to express your thoughts both directly and metaphorically, hone your logical thinking;
- Express your thoughts both orally and in writing;
- Prevent the appearance of various speech errors;
- Learn to ask the right questions.
According to the existing methodology, syntactic parsing of a sentence is possible in three main forms:
- Formal form (members of the proposal are distinguished by questions);
- Semantic form (subject, object, predicate, etc. are distinguished);
- Communicative form (theme and rheme will stand out, that is, given and new information).
In this case, sentences are usually analyzed in which their formal structure does not conflict with the communicative and semantic structure.
How to Parse a Sentence
The implementation of this analysis involves following the methodological template, which consists of the following:
- We determine whether this sentence is simple or complex (that is, how many grammatical bases are in it - if one, then simple, if two or more - complex);
- We identify the sentence by the purpose of its statement (it is narrative, interrogative or incentive);
- What is it in terms of intonation (exclamatory or non-exclamatory).
If this sentence is simple, then we determine its further typology:
- We establish whether our proposal is widespread or non-common (that is, if it has only main members, then it is non-common, and if, in addition to the main members, there are secondary ones, it is common);
- We analyze it into main (subject and predicate) and secondary members of the sentence (definition, addition, circumstance), identify what part of speech they are expressed;
- We allocate homogeneous members sentences (if any), that is, whether there are members that answer the same question and are associated with the same word.
If this sentence is complex, then:
Features of parsing
When performing this type of parsing, it is necessary to remember that:
- Any grammatical concept is expressed by the unity of its grammatical features;
- One word cannot be different members of a sentence;
- The greatest difficulty is caused by the differentiation of secondary members of the sentence being analyzed, which are expressed by a noun.
Online resources for parsing proposals by members
In Runet, there are practically no network resources that allow you to parse a sentence online. This is primarily due to the complexity of developing such tools. For example, the same word in a sentence can have a different semantic load. At the same time, in the English-speaking segment, there are a number of such services that allow you to parse English-language sentences by sentence members online.
In particular, I would like to draw the reader's attention to the following resources:
Let's now take a look at a few proposals for CL in practice.
Example #1
“White, yellow and blue butterflies fluttered over the dandelions.”
This offer:
- simple;
- has a narrative character (tells us about something);
- common (has members other than the main one);
- non-exclamatory;
- complicated by uniform definitions.
In terms of parts of speech, it looks something like this:
Example #2
“Children were decorating a New Year tree, my wife was preparing a festive dinner, my mother helped her.”
This offer:
- complex (has three grammatical bases);
- has a narrative character;
- common;
- non-exclamatory.
The parts of speech are as follows:
Example #3
"The holidays have arrived."
This is a simple declarative sentence, it is also not widespread and non-exclamatory.
Conclusion
The online resources available on the net do not provide a full opportunity to analyze the proposals for the CL. Therefore, it is recommended to use the methodology given in the article, and hone own knowledge, skills and abilities in parsing the sentences you need.
The sentence contains information, asks about it, or directs to action. Most often it has a basis and secondary members describing it. In order to assimilate or refresh the memory of a topic, it is useful to study examples of the grammatical analysis of a sentence in Russian.
Grammatical basis in parsing a sentence
The basis is quite logical in application. It consists of a subject that directly names a thing or phenomenon, and a predicate - an action performed or directed at an object.
The subject is always used in the initial form (nominative), but can be not only a noun. It could be:
- numeral - to indicate quantity, set, number (there were three in line; four was his best estimate);
- personal pronoun (he quietly walked along the corridor; we left the classroom);
- indefinite pronoun (someone was sitting in the room; something bothered me);
- negative pronoun (no one could stop them);
- adjective in the sense of a noun (the person in charge was appointed by the management; the duty officer kept order).
In the grammatical analysis of a sentence, it is customary to highlight the subject with an underline, and the predicate with a double underline.
The predicate is most often a verb, but has several types:
- simple verb, expressed by the verb in any mood (the dog ran down the alley; the student gets up early);
- compound verb, consists of an auxiliary verb (modal word) and an infinitive (she started running in the morning; I have to go to work);
- compound nominal, having a linking verb (most often - to be) and a nominal part (a student became a student; bread is their main food; three times two is six(the word "will" is omitted);
Completeness of the offer
Based on the composition of the basis, sentences are two-part, where both main members are present or one is implied (incomplete) (night has come; where is he(omitted "is") ?) , and one-part. The latter are:
- definitely personal, in which it is clear from the face of the verb who it is about (I do my best(I); let's go for a walk(we));
- indefinitely personal, expressed by the past tense verb in the plural (a floor below made a noise; somewhere in the distance they sang);
- generalized-personal, which attribute the action to everyone (often found in proverbs and sayings) (if you want to eat a fish, you need to climb into the water; you go and admire the view);
- impersonal, implying no object (it got dark; he was very sorry; it was cold in the room).
Secondary, but no less important
To give detailed information, the object and action are supported by third-party words and constructions. They are:
When performing a grammatical analysis of a sentence, they must also be taken into account. If there are minor members, the proposal is considered widespread, respectively, without them - non-common.
Complicated sentences - it's not difficult at all
Various plug-in components complete the offer by increasing the amount of information. They are embedded between the main and secondary members, but are already defined as a separate part, which goes as a separate paragraph in the grammatical analysis of the sentence. These components can be removed or replaced without losing the meaning of the text. Among them:
- detached definitions applicable to an object member (describe a property, stand out as a definition) are participle turnovers (the kettle, which was warming on the stove, whistled sharply; the road led to a house standing in the forest);
- isolated circumstances (stand out as a circumstance) are participle turns (he ran, stumbling over stones; looking wary, the dog held out its paw);
- homogeneous members of a sentence - perform the same function and always ask the same question (were scattered on the floor(what?) books, notebooks, notes(homogeneous subject); on weekends we only(what they were doing?) sleeping and walking(homogeneous predicate); he looked at(whom?) mother and sister(homogeneous addition));
- address to someone, which is always separated by a comma and is an independent member of the sentence (my son, you did the right thing; You, Andrei, misunderstood me);
- introductory words (probably, perhaps, finally, etc.) (I probably got excited; tomorrow, most likely, it will be hot).
How to make a grammatical analysis of a sentence, taking into account all the components?
For parsing, a clear algorithm has been created that does not cause difficulties if you know all the above constructions and components of the proposal. Among them, simple and complex ones stand out - the order of analysis is slightly different for them. The following is a grammatical analysis of sentences with examples for individual cases.
Simple sentence
At the beginning of autumn, covered with a golden carpet, the city alleys whimsically shimmer.
1. Define the main members. The basis should be one, as in this example: alleys- subject, shimmer- predicate.
2. Select minor members: (when?) at the beginning of autumn- circumstance (what?) covered with golden carpet- separate definition, (how?) whimsically- circumstance (what?) urban- definition.
3. Define parts of speech:
At the beginning of the noun. autumn n. , covered with golden adj. carpet n. , bizarrely overflow urban adj. alleys n.
4. Describe the signs:
- the purpose of the statement (narrative, incentive, interrogative);
- intonation (exclamatory, non-exclamatory);
- on the basis (two-part, one-part - indicate which one);
- completeness (complete, incomplete)
- by the presence of secondary (common, non-common);
- complicated (if yes, then by what) or not complicated;
Characteristics of this non-exclamatory, two-part, complete, common, complicated separate definition.
This is what a complete grammatical analysis of a sentence looks like.
Difficult sentence
Since a complex sentence includes two or more simple ones, it is quite logical to parse them separately, but the parsing algorithm is still different. The grammatical analysis of a sentence in Russian is ambiguous. Compound sentences related to simple ones are:
An example of parsing a compound sentence
In the family, regardless of age, everyone was very busy, but on weekends everyone got together at one big table.
- All bases are highlighted. There are several of them in a complex sentence: everyone- subject, been busy- composite nominal predicate; all- subject, were going- predicate.
- Define parts of speech.
In the pr. family, noun. , regardless of from pr. age n. , each is a place. was ch. very nar. busy app. , nose. on pr. weekend adj. all place. were going to for pr. large adj. table su sch.
- Find out if there is an alliance. Here - "but". So the proposal is allied.
- It is possible to characterize by the position of simple ones if there is a union (paragraph 2). This example is a compound sentence, the simple ones are equivalent in it (that is, if you wish, you can divide it into two independent ones). In the case of non-union, this item is not indicated.
- Do general characteristics: narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, allied, compound.
- Disassemble simple inside separately:
- in the family, regardless of age, everyone was very busy (narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, full, common, complicated by a separate definition of "regardless of age")a
- on weekends everyone gathered at a large table
Complex sentence
The algorithm will be similar, only with the indication subordinating union. It is also part of the composition. You also need to highlight the main thing and find out how the subordinate clauses (parentheses) are “attached” to it.
This is a kind of submission, not a mandatory item, but it is also often taken into account.
The main thing to remember is that grammatical and syntactic analysis are synonyms. The meeting of one of the words in the task should not be frightening, since the topic is quite general and quickly digestible. For foreigners, it is difficult because of the great variability, but that's what makes the Russian language beautiful.
Tasks related to the syntactic analysis of the text cause difficulties for schoolchildren and students of the philological faculty. A well-conducted syntactic analysis of a sentence requires quite extensive knowledge in the field of the Russian language. But, having basic concepts, you can successfully cope with tasks.
What is sentence parsing
Parsing is the analysis of a sentence according to the following criteria:
- View according to the purpose of the statement.
- Emotional view.
- The number of bases (hereinafter, simple and complex sentences are parsed according to a certain order).
- Characteristics of the members of the proposal.
- Constructions complicating the sentence (if any).
- Punctuation parsing.
- Scheme (if required).
Sentence parsing free online
Finding a program that can correctly parse in full, taking into account all the nuances, is quite difficult. But still, there are several services on the network that will help in solving the problem.
The Seosin.ru resource is the most popular one available. When you enter a sentence in the corresponding window, you can get a parsing of the text.
If parsing requires semantic analysis, it is best to use the program of the well-known Advego exchange.
Get online solution you can also from specialists - philologists and linguists. To do this, you need to go to the appropriate forum (http://gramota.ru/, https://lingvoforum.net/,http://lingvo.zone/). Professionals will definitely help with the analysis and give an exhaustive answer to the most difficult question.
Do your own parsing
You can comprehend all the wisdom of parsing if you carefully read the information below and practice a little.
I. Purpose of the utterance
Depending on the purpose, the proposals are divided into:
- narrative(they transmit information, report something, approve or deny. At the end of such sentences there is a period or an exclamation mark);
- interrogative(contain a question, at the end there is (mandatory!) a question mark);
- incentive(contain motivation, call, request, demand). Characterized by motivating intonation, the use of imperative verbs, particles let, let, come on.
II. Emotional coloring
The indicator is the presence of an exclamation mark. There he is - an offer exclamatory, No - non-exclamatory. Any of the sentences on the purpose of the statement can become exclamatory.
III. Number of grammar bases
According to the presence of the basis of the proposal, there are simple and complex. Simple ones are those in which there is 1 grammatical basis.
Accordingly, a complex sentence must have 2 or more stems.
III. 1. The order of parsing a simple sentence
The type of proposal should be indicated by the presence of main members.
The main members are the subject and the predicate.
Subject answers the questions who and what? It can be expressed by almost any part of speech.
Predicate answers the questions what does it do, what is this object, who is it, what is it, in what condition is it? It can also be expressed by various parts of speech.
The secondary members are addition(answers questions of indirect cases), definition(what? whose?) and circumstance(where? when? where? how much? etc.)
III. 1.1 Common and non-common offerings
If the sentence contains only the main members - it uncommon. If the sentence contains at least one minor member - widespread.
III. 1.2. One piece or two piece
If a sentence has a subject and a predicate, the sentence is two-part. If only one main member - one-piece.
III. 2. Analysis of a complex sentence.
After determining the type of a simple or complex sentence, it is necessary to disassemble the secondary members, find complicating structures and explain the punctuation marks.
Parsing examples
Syntactic analysis of the sentence: The sun was already quite high in the clear sky.
- 1 base - simple,
- The basis is the sun (subject) stood (predicate). Secondary members of the sentence: stood (where?) in the sky (circumstance). In the sky (what?) clear (definition). It was (how?) Already quite high (circumstance).
Syntactic analysis of the sentence: The rain passed along the garden path.
- Narrative, non-exclamatory,
- 1 base - simple,
- there are two main terms - two-part,
- there are secondary - common.
- The bottom line is that the rain has passed.
- Secondary members: walked (where or how?) along the path (circumstance). Path (what?) garden (definition).
- There are no complicating structures and punctuation marks.
Syntactic analysis of the sentence: Blue appeared between the thinning tops.
- Narrative, non-exclamatory,
- 1 base - simple,
- there are two main terms - two-part,
- there are secondary - common.
- The basis - the blue appeared.
- Secondary members: appeared (where?) Between the tops (circumstance), (what?) Blue (definition).
- There are no complicating structures and punctuation marks.
Syntactic analysis of the sentence: Old handwritten books were worth their weight in gold.
- Narrative, non-exclamatory,
- 1 base - simple,
- there are two main terms - two-part,
- there are secondary - common.
- The basis is that books were appreciated.
- Minor members: valued (in what way?) worth their weight in gold (circumstance). Books (what?) old handwritten (definition).
- There are no complicating structures and punctuation marks.
Syntactic analysis of the sentence: The summer was dry, it hardly rained.
- Narrative, non-exclamatory,
- 2 basics (the summer was dry and it didn’t rain), so we analyze a complex sentence,
- 1 part - uncommon,
- Part 2 is common. A minor term is a circumstance (how?) almost.
- Unionless.
- Parts are separated by commas.
Parsing a sentence is the most frequently asked task from school, which some people fail to do. Today I will tell you how to outwit the teacher and do everything right.
Today I will give the TOP-5 services that will help you parse the sentence into parts of speech.
All of them can perform some sort of parsing of sentences or words. Each of them has some pros and cons.
These services will be specialized for both Russian and English.
And I will say right away, they do not work great by themselves, but they will help you cope with most of your task.
Comparison
In the tables above I have listed the best of the best services that can help you with your sentence parsing tasks.
If you have read the table, I suggest starting to analyze each of the services and we will start from the very last line of our list and gradually reach the leader of our TOP.
| Service name | Service language | Word/sentence | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| GoldLit | Russian | Offer | http://goldlit.ru/component/slog |
| Gramota.ru | Russian | Word | http://gramota.ru/dictionary/dic |
| Morphology online | Russian | Word | http://morphologyonline.ru |
| Delph-in | English | Offer | http://erg.delph-in.net/logon |
| Lexis Res | English | Offer | http://www.lexisrex.com/English/Sentence-Study/ |
#5 Lexis Res
Using this link, you can get to this service and evaluate its work yourself: http://www.lexisrex.com/English/Sentence-Study.
What is this site? For people who study English, this is just a treasure. This page allows you to analyze English text. It can be used by a person with any level of knowledge.
This is a service that allows you to parse a sentence completely in English language. Sentences can be either simple, complex, complex or complex.
In addition to the fact that the site does this analysis of any kind of sentence, it also explains each word by meaning. That is, if you do not know the exact meaning of a word, then this resource is perfect for you.
You just need to write the text you need in the field or click the "Random sentences" button (i.e. "Random sentence"), and then click the "Analyse" button, and then you will get detailed analysis each word in a sentence: explanation of the meaning of the word, part of speech.
What are the advantages of this site over others? First of all, the service is very easy to use, you will not need to spend a lot of time to understand what's what.
Secondly, the site has a huge database that allows you to parse text of any complexity and subject matter.
In addition, the site has a huge functionality, it will be useful for many of its chips for people who are learning English.
- easy-to-learn site;
- there are practically no ads that would distract;
- simple website interface;
- huge functionality;
- very good syntactic parsing.
Negative:
- if you do not have a satisfactory level of knowledge of the English language, it will be a little difficult to read all the explanations on the site;
- words during parsing are not underlined by lines of parts of speech;
- there is no adaptation of the site for the Russian language.
As you can see, the ratio of pluses and minuses allows you to call this site good, but not great, which is why it is in fifth place.
#4 Delph-in
In fourth place is a service called "Delph-in".
You can try it out at this link: http://erg.delph-in.net/logon . This site is a real monster for people who are learning English. This service allows you to have online access to LinGO English Resource Grammar (ERG).
It uses the Linguistic Knowledge Builder grammar development platform.
This interface allows you to enter a single sentence using the ERG system and visualize the parsing results in various forms.
I must say right away that the site is suitable for those who are quite experienced in English, but this site is simply great and necessary for such people.
What are the benefits of this service? First of all, this site has a better deal of analysis of the proposal for the method used by the University of Oslo, and to be precise, the Language Technology Group.
The European system of parsing a sentence is used here. In addition to using this method, this site shows different ways sentence parsing, which makes parsing more flexible and convenient.
Now we will consider both the pros and cons of this service.
Positive:
- very flexible system of sentence parsing;
- you can write proposals for the most various subjects;
- An unlimited number of characters in a sentence can be used.
Negative:
- the first of these is that the service is quite difficult to use for people with a low and intermediate level of English;
- to understand how the service works and to disassemble, to understand what's what, you need to devote a few hours to the site.
We got acquainted with the fourth position and now we will move on to the third place of our TOP.
#3 MorphologyOnline
This site is ideal for those who need to qualitatively analyze a sentence in stages, word by word, so as not to make a mistake and correctly select each part of speech for each word in the sentence being parsed.
The service is also useful in that it has a very broad description of each searched word.
What are the advantages of this service? Let's take a look at them.
First of all, it is that it is very easy to use. Its interface does not have any distracting elements, which will allow you to fully concentrate on the written information.
Also, besides the fact that the service indicates the part of speech of the word, it also describes the morphological analysis, which makes the analysis of the word deeper and more thorough.
This will help you never make mistakes. parsing your offer. Also, if you want to familiarize yourself with the parts of speech in detail, you can find information on this site, which is very convenient and clearly explained.
Now let's look at the service from two sides and see both the pros and cons. Let's start with positive side.
Positive:
- very simple - even the youngest user can handle it;
- there are no annoying ads, which makes using the service comfortable;
- deep Scan;
- a huge amount of information for independent syntactic analysis of the sentence.
Negative:
- this service can only parse one word at a time, which makes the whole process slow;
- this site focuses on morphological analysis words, but it does parsing just as well;
- there are no other tools, which makes the site narrow for use in different areas.
It is because of these minuses and pluses that the service takes only third place. Now it's time for second place.
No. 2 "Gramota.ru"
Why is this service ranked 4th? This site allows you to analyze one word at a time in all Russian dictionaries, which not only indicate the part of speech, but also explain the meaning of the searched word, synonyms, antonyms, various forms.
Here you can even find correct stress for any Russian word.
In addition to this full word parsing service, there are many materials for learning the Russian language, for example: a variety of dictionaries, magazines, alphabets, books, tutors, and various useful links.
Therefore, if you want to fully analyze the word or increase your level of knowledge of the Russian language, you can safely use this resource.
Let's take a closer look at the benefits of the site. First of all, there is a very nice interface here, everything is clear, you don’t need to look for anything. Everything you need can be seen immediately on the monitor display. The site itself has no ads.
The entire design of the site is made in simple colors, that is, from a long reading of this site, your eyes do not get so tired.
With this service, absolutely anyone can make out: from the first class to the elderly.
Since I have described all the possible pros in great detail, you can now make a whole short list and also add the negatives to see the full picture.
Why did this particular service take the first place in our TOP? First of all, the site can parse the sentence, regardless of the number of characters and words.
The analysis on the site is built very conveniently. The service was created specifically for parsing sentences.
This site has a number of benefits. As mentioned, the site can analyze entire sentences, and not just by the word.
Syntactic analysis is carried out very conveniently: first, the initial forms of the word are written, then the parts of speech, then comes the grammatical analysis, and then the declension by cases.
Of all the TOP, this service has the most convenient and eye-pleasing interface.
In addition to these advantages, the site also has sections with various literature from different periods, various poetry, both Russian and foreign. The site has information about many poets, many conveniently written biographies. All this will also help you to study various literature, if you need it.
But despite all these advantages, the site also has some disadvantages. We will talk about them after we have compared all the virtues.
Positive:
- performs a complete analysis of the sentence, regardless of the subject, number of words and symbols;
- the minimum amount of advertising, but even it does not interfere with the use of the site;
- very easy to learn;
- a lot of information on literature;
- beautiful interface and good colors.
Negative:
- the absolute absence of materials on the Russian language;
- the site is geared towards literature more, but still has a tool for parsing sentences.
Outcome
Let's sum up. After analyzing the whole TOP, you can understand that if you need a site for parsing sentences in Russian, I recommend you use the Goldlit resource.
The simplicity of the site great analysis offers, a lot of interesting materials - these are the key factors that influenced the location of the site in our top.
He is the absolute leader in our TOP and best online service on syntactic analysis of sentences in Russian in Russian Internet networks.
This is a resource that will help you not only complete homework but also to get acquainted with various literature. Use the "Goldlit" service.