Region Europe The area of Europe is 9.7 million km2. The population of Europe is 827.3 million people. There are 4 zones: Northern Europe, Central, Southern and Eastern Europe. The regions of Europe are economically homogeneous, with the exception of Eastern Europe, which was part of the zone of influence of the USSR. With the collapse of the USSR, most European countries joined big union, which is known as the EU. The European region is known in the world for stable political unity. Basically, Christianity is widespread in Europe, due to which clothing, food, holidays and rituals of Europeans are almost the same.
Asia- the largest area (more than 44 million km 2) and population (more than 3.6 billion people) part of the world. Asia has 50 states and 1 independent territory. Ancient civilizations arose in Asia, and the main world religions - Buddhism, Christianity, Islam - originated in Asia. The first ancient cities arose in Asia.
Asia is divided into 6 regions. North Asia includes the Asian part of Russia. Southwest Asia - includes all countries on the territory of the Arabian Peninsula, the republics of Transcaucasia, Turkey, Cyprus, Iran and Afghanistan (20 states in total). South Asia - includes 7 states, the largest of which are India and Pakistan. Southeast Asia is 11 states, ten of which are developing (all except Singapore). East Asia - includes only five powers (China, Mongolia, Japan, South Korea and North Korea). Central Asia consists of five post-Soviet republics (Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Turkmenistan). The economies of Asian states differ significantly in terms of their level of competitiveness in the world market. For example: It is impossible to oppose the economy of the DPRK and the economy of Japan.
In America distinguish Anglo-America (USA and Canada) and Latin America, which includes the countries of the mainland South America, Central America and the West Indies. Continents were mastered 500 years ago. During this time, the territory of Anglo-America became the leader. The population of Latin America is a motley picture of the worlds, a variety of economies and religions.
Africa - these are 5 regions that differ sharply from each other in the standard of living, economic orientation and ethnic history. North Africa covers the territories of the Arab Maghreb. The main population is Caucasian. The territories are rich in oil and gas, which contributed to the rapid integration of the economies of these countries into the world economic space. The remaining regions of Western, Central, Eastern and Southern Africa are generally homogeneous in terms of population composition, lifestyle and organization of economic activity. The exception is South Africa. This state is included in the category of developed countries.
To Australia and Oceania includes mainland Australia and all island states and territories in pacific ocean. Australia and New Zealand belong to the world's developed countries, the rest of the states belong to the majority of countries with an average level of income.
Historical and geographical regions of the world have different levels of internal unity. If Western Europe unites politically and economically quite homogeneous countries, then, for example, Southwestern Asia is still a field of political confrontation today. Africa, on the other hand, is a union of economically little connected countries.
The level of internal unity of regions is extremely dependent on natural features(the presence of plains, comfort of climatic conditions, transport accessibility, etc.), and from the commonality of historical fate, however, the main thing is the level of formation of regional markets, the active exchange of goods and resources, labor, and various services.
Page ten
Remember
Question 1. What is a region?
Answer. Region (lat. regio country, region) is a term used to refer to a land or water area that can be separated from another area (for example, the one inside which it is located) according to a number of criteria.
Region, like country, is an ambiguous term. It can denote different entities in different industries, and within the same industry it can be interpreted differently.
Accordingly, if we talk about the classification of regions, we can distinguish "geographical, political, socio-economic, environmental, informational, civilizational and other approaches." In general, scientists divide regions into two large groups: homogeneous and functional.
Also, "region" is used in the sense of the territorial unit of the state. In Russia - as the general name of the subject of the Federation. Each region has a unique geographic location.
Question 2. What are the types of regions?
Answer. In economic literature, normative documents on homogeneity hallmarks regions are divided into groups.
1. Regions of the world. They are determined by geographical (Europe, Asia, etc.), economic (unions or other forms of cooperation between states located on one or more continents of the world) and other principles and approaches.
2. Surface parts the globe, continent or state, distinguished by climatic or relief-landscape features (north, south, flat or mountainous terrain, with a large or small amount of precipitation, wooded or steppe territory, a small or large number of swamps, etc.).
3. Administrative-territorial units of the country (region, district, county, flax, voivodeship, etc.).
4. Regions allocated based on the degree of development of productive forces and their structure (with a developed industry or other industry National economy, with a large proportion of state or private property, etc.).
5. Regions identified taking into account the socio-demographic situation, with a higher human development index, with better provision with social infrastructure facilities, with a large proportion of elderly residents, etc.
6. Regions allocated in connection with special, as a rule, less favorable living conditions and industrial and economic activities.
7. Special administrative and economic formations to ensure more efficient operation of the national economy of the country and individual territorial entities in the conditions of market relations.
What do you think
Question. Why was it necessary to create the United Nations?
Answer. The United Nations is an international organization created to maintain and strengthen international peace and security, development of cooperation between states. The foundations of its activities and structure were developed during the Second World War by the leading members of the anti-Hitler coalition.
The forerunner of the UN was the League of Nations, an organization conceived under similar circumstances during the First World War and established in 1919 in accordance with Treaty of Versailles"for the development of cooperation among peoples and for the provision of peace and security to them." With the outbreak of World War II, the League of Nations effectively ceased to function.
There was a need to create a new international organization aimed at ensuring "world order".
The name United Nations, proposed by United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt, was first used in the Declaration of the United Nations on January 1, 1942, when, during World War II, representatives of 26 states pledged on behalf of their governments to continue the common struggle against the Axis.
When the United Nations was created, the very first line of the preamble to the UN Charter stated that “We the peoples of the United Nations, determined to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our lives has brought unspeakable grief to mankind, strive to reaffirm faith in fundamental rights and freedom of man.
CHECK YOUR KNOWLEDGE
Question 1. What is a region?
Answer. In geography, a region (from the English region) is a territory that stands out on some basis - a certain territory that has the integrity and interconnection of its constituent elements. Also used in the sense of a territorial unit of a state; in Russia as a common name for a subject of the Federation.
There are several interpretations of the definition of a region. Moreover, the region does not always act as a territorial unit of the state.
Within the framework of a geographical interpretation, a region is defined as an area, a large piece of land, part of earth's surface with special physical and geographical parameters, a geographical unit defined by geographical boundaries.
The economic interpretation implies a region as a part of the territory where there is a communication system between economic entities, a subsystem of the entire socio-economic complex of the country, a complex territorial-economic complex with its own structure of communication with the external and internal environment.
The socio-political interpretation of the region shows the region as a socio-territorial community, that is, a combination of social, economic, political factors in the development of the territory. This includes a range of features such as: ethnic composition population, labor resources, social infrastructure, socio-psychological climate, political aspects development of the region, cultural factors, etc.
Question 2. What are the historical and geographical regions of the world?
Answer. Historical and geographical regions are territories formed as a result of a common historical development peoples living within them. The commonality of geographical location leads to the emergence of common features of historical development, the national and religious composition of the population of the countries that form this region. It is important to remember that historical-geographical regions are not created, they are formed historically.
The names of the two regions of the planet have been known to everyone since childhood: Europe and Asia, which make up the continent of Eurasia. Thus, the most major regions are parts of the world. Within the parts of the world, smaller regions are distinguished that have a certain geographical unity and a common historical destiny.
So, Overseas Europe traditionally divided into Western, Central and Eastern. Western European countries for post-war years formed into a stable political unity. At the same time, in the Western Europe can be divided into Northern, Middle and Southern Europe. Central, or Eastern, Europe is a group of former socialist countries, according to the modern classification, classified as countries with economies in transition.
Foreign Asia is usually divided into South-West, South, South-East, East and Central. The region of Southwest Asia is located between the Arabian and mediterranean seas. South Asia is formed by India and the countries adjacent to it. Southeast Asia covers countries gravitating towards the Indochina peninsula. To Central Asia include countries that do not have access to any of the oceans washing the mainland: Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan. East Asia includes the territories of Japan, North Korea, the Republic of Korea, China, and Mongolia.
In America, Anglo-America (USA and Canada) and Latin America are distinguished. In turn, Latin America includes the countries of the mainland South America, Central America and the West Indies. Africa is divided into North, West, Central, East and South.
And the last region is Australia and Oceania, which includes mainland Australia and all island states and territories in the Pacific Ocean.
Question 3. What are the types of international organizations?
Answer. When classifying international organizations, various criteria can be applied.
1. By the nature of the members, they can be distinguished:
1.1. interstate (intergovernmental) - participants are states
1.2. non-governmental organizations - unite public and professional national organizations, individuals, for example, the International Red Cross, the Inter-Parliamentary Union, the International Law Association, etc.
2. By circle of members international organizations subdivided into:
2.1. universal (worldwide), open to the participation of all states of the world (the United Nations (UN), the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the World Health Organization (WHO) and other organizations of the UN system (its specialized agencies), International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), International Civil Defense Organization, etc.),
2.2. regional, whose members can be states of one region (Organization of African Unity, European Union, Commonwealth of Independent States).
3. According to the objects of activity, we can say:
3.1. about organizations general competence(UN, Organization of African Unity, Commonwealth of Independent States, Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe)
3.2. special (International Labor Organization, Universal Postal Union). Political, economic, social, cultural, scientific and other organizations also differ.
Question 4. What is the name of an international organization that unites about 200 sovereign countries of the world?
Answer. The world's largest international association of states is the United Nations (UN), whose members are almost all independent states of the world (about 200). Created immediately after the end of World War II, this organization declared its goal to maintain and strengthen international peace and security, and develop cooperation between states.
Question 5. What is the name of the environmental non-governmental organization?
Answer. Greenpeace (Green World) is an international non-governmental organization established in 1971 with the aim of preserving the Earth's natural environment from destruction. Main objectives: involvement of the general public in protection issues environment. It is supported by funds from private sources, has a branch in Moscow.
AND NOW THE MORE DIFFICULT QUESTIONS
Question 1. What is the difference between non-governmental organizations and government?
Answer. The difference between governmental and non-governmental organizations lies in their legal basis. Intergovernmental organizations are established by subjects of international law, non-governmental - by subjects of national law.
Non-Governmental Organizations - an organization founded by individuals and/or other public (non-profit) organizations without the participation of official (governmental) institutions and operating on the basis of the charter and at its own expense.
Question 2. Is the Commonwealth of Independent States a region or an international organization? Why?
Answer. The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) is a regional international organization (international treaty) designed to regulate cooperation relations between countries that were previously part of the USSR. The CIS is not a supranational entity and operates on a voluntary basis.
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Moldova
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Question 3. Why the number of regions in different parts of the world is not the same?
Answer. This is caused by a number of interrelated factors: natural, historical, demographic and socio-economic.
Natural. They were decisive in the resettlement of people before the transition of mankind to agriculture and animal husbandry. Of the most important here, one can single out the absolute height, relief, climate, the presence of water bodies, and natural zonality as a complex factor.
Historical. Historically, most of the population lives in Asia. Currently, in this part of the world there are more than 3.8 billion people (2003), which is over 60.6% of the population of our planet. Almost equal in population America and Africa (approximately 860 million people, or 13.7%), Australia and Oceania are significantly behind the rest (32 million people, 0.5% of the world's population.
Demographic. Asia hosts most of the countries with the largest populations. Among them, according to this indicator, China has long been the leader (1289 million people, 2003), followed by India (1069 million people), the USA (291.5 million people), Indonesia (220.5 million people). .). Seven more states have a population of over 100 million people: Brazil (176.5 million people), Pakistan (149.1 million people), Bangladesh (146.7 million people), Russia (144.5 million . people), Nigeria (133.8 million people), Japan (127.5 million people) and Mexico (104.9 million people). At the same time, the population of Grenada, Dominica, Tonga, Kiribati, Marshall Islands was only 0.1 million people.
Socio-economic. These factors are directly related to the development of human civilization and their influence on the distribution of the population increased with the development of productive forces. Despite the fact that human society will never fully acquire independence from nature, at present it is the factors belonging to this group that are decisive in the formation of the Earth's settlement system. These include the development of new territories, the development natural resources, construction of various economic facilities, population migration, etc.
Question 4. What is the purpose of creating economic international organizations?
Answer. International economic organizations are associations of states or their separate governing bodies aimed at cooperation in the field of trade, finance and economic activity. These structures can be classified based on various features of their activities. By territorial coverage, international economic organizations are divided into global and regional. An example of a world organization is the International Chamber of Commerce, and a regional one is ASEAN (Southeast Asia).
The main goals of international economic organizations are to promote the development of the economy of their members, as well as to unify general norms relationship regulation. The decisions of some of them are binding for members, while others are advisory. Currently, there is a fairly extensive system of international economic organizations. These structures actively interact with each other, influencing both the global economy and politics.
Question 5. Why can one and the same country be a member of different international organizations?
Answer. One country can be a member of different organizations because the goals of the organizations are different. Joining the organizations expands integration ties with other states. This allows you to solve security issues, access to international markets, provides transport corridors, etc.
FROM THEORY TO PRACTICE
Question 1. Make a classification scheme for the historical and geographical regions of the world.
Question 2. Designate on the contour map the historical and geographical regions of the world listed in the text of the paragraph.
Question 3. Using additional sources of information, make a list of countries that are members of the EU, NATO. Write down those states that are simultaneously members of both international organizations.
Question 4. Determine the cities in which the headquarters of the international organizations listed in the text of the paragraph are located. To complete the work, use the official websites of these organizations. Present the results of your work in the form of a table.
Final tasks on the topic of the section (tasks are performed in a notebook)
1. Territorial waters are
A - 12-mile zone
2. Second name colonial stage formation of the political map is
B - medieval
3. What stage in the formation of the political map does the formation and collapse of the USSR belong to?
G - the newest
4. Which of the following countries is part of Western Europe?
A - the Netherlands
5. The UN Headquarters is located in
In NYC
6. Select the countries of the world that appeared on the political map in the 21st century. Write your answer as a sequence of letters in alphabetical order.
B, E, F - East Timor, South Sudan, Abkhazia
7. Which of the following countries are part of Latin America? Write your answer as a sequence of letters in alphabetical order.
A, B, D - Argentina, Paraguay, Chile
8. Arrange the regions of the world in ascending order of the number of countries included in them, starting with the region with the smallest value the specified indicator.
B, C, D, A, D - Africa, Asia, America, Europe, Australia and Oceania
9. Establish a correspondence between the region and the state that is part of it.
1-B, 2-D, 3-C, 4-A
10. Establish a correspondence between the abbreviation of the international governmental organization and its full name.
1-C, 2-D, 3-A, 4-B.
Source: resheba.com
Detailed solution paragraph 28 in geography for students in grade 10, authors E.M. Domogatskikh, N.I. Alekseevsky A basic level of 2016
Page ten
Remember
Question 1. What is a region?
Answer. Region (lat. regio country, region) is a term used to refer to a land or water area that can be separated from another area (for example, the one inside which it is located) according to a number of criteria.
Region, like country, is an ambiguous term. It can denote different entities in different industries, and within the same industry it can be interpreted differently.
Accordingly, if we talk about the classification of regions, we can distinguish "geographical, political, socio-economic, environmental, informational, civilizational and other approaches." In general, scientists divide regions into two large groups: homogeneous and functional.
Also, "region" is used in the sense of the territorial unit of the state. In Russia - as the general name of the subject of the Federation. Each region has a unique geographic location.
Question 2. What are the types of regions?
Answer. In the economic literature, regulatory documents, regions are divided into groups according to the homogeneity of distinctive features.
1. Regions of the world. They are determined by geographical (Europe, Asia, etc.), economic (unions or other forms of cooperation between states located on one or more continents of the world) and other principles and approaches.
2. Parts of the surface of the globe, continent or state, distinguished by climatic or relief-landscape features (north, south, flat or mountainous terrain, with high or low rainfall, wooded or steppe territory, a small or large number of swamps, etc. .).
3. Administrative-territorial units of the country (region, district, county, flax, voivodeship, etc.).
4. Regions identified on the basis of the degree of development of the productive forces and their structure (with a developed industry or other sector of the national economy, with a large share of state or private property, etc.).
5. Regions identified taking into account the socio-demographic situation, with a higher human development index, with better provision with social infrastructure facilities, with a large proportion of elderly residents, etc.
6. Regions allocated in connection with special, as a rule, less favorable living conditions and industrial and economic activities.
7. Special administrative and economic formations to ensure more efficient operation of the national economy of the country and individual territorial entities in the conditions of market relations.
What do you think
Question. Why was it necessary to create the United Nations?
Answer. The United Nations is an international organization created to maintain and strengthen international peace and security and develop cooperation between states. The foundations of its activities and structure were developed during the Second World War by the leading members of the anti-Hitler coalition.
The forerunner of the UN was the League of Nations, an organization conceived under similar circumstances during the First World War and established in 1919 by the Treaty of Versailles "to promote co-operation among peoples and to secure them peace and security." With the outbreak of World War II, the League of Nations effectively ceased to function.
There was a need to create a new international organization aimed at ensuring "world order".
The name United Nations, proposed by United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt, was first used in the Declaration of the United Nations on January 1, 1942, when, during World War II, representatives of 26 states pledged on behalf of their governments to continue the common struggle against the Axis.
When the United Nations was created, the very first line of the preamble to the UN Charter stated that "We the peoples of the United Nations, determined to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our lives has brought unspeakable grief to mankind, strive to reaffirm faith in fundamental rights and human freedom."
CHECK YOUR KNOWLEDGE
Question 1. What is a region?
Answer. In geography, a region (from the English region) is a territory that stands out on some basis - a certain territory that has the integrity and interconnection of its constituent elements. Also used in the sense of a territorial unit of a state; in Russia as a common name for a subject of the Federation.
There are several interpretations of the definition of a region. Moreover, the region does not always act as a territorial unit of the state.
Within the framework of a geographical interpretation, a region is defined as a region, a large piece of land, a part of the earth's surface with special physical and geographical parameters, a geographical unit defined by geographical boundaries.
The economic interpretation implies a region as a part of the territory where there is a communication system between economic entities, a subsystem of the entire socio-economic complex of the country, a complex territorial-economic complex with its own structure of communication with the external and internal environment.
The socio-political interpretation of the region shows the region as a socio-territorial community, that is, a combination of social, economic, political factors in the development of the territory. This includes a whole set of characteristics such as: the ethnic composition of the population, labor resources, social infrastructure, socio-psychological climate, political aspects of the development of the region, cultural factors, etc.
Question 2. What are the historical and geographical regions of the world?
Answer. Historical and geographical regions are territories formed as a result of the common historical development of the peoples living within them. The commonality of geographical location leads to the emergence of common features of historical development, the national and religious composition of the population of the countries that form this region. It is important to remember that historical-geographical regions are not created, they are formed historically.
The names of the two regions of the planet have been known to everyone since childhood: Europe and Asia, which make up the continent of Eurasia. Thus, the largest regions are parts of the world. Within the parts of the world, smaller regions are distinguished that have a certain geographical unity and a common historical destiny.
So, foreign Europe is traditionally divided into Western, Central and Eastern. The countries of Western Europe in the post-war years formed into a stable political unity. At the same time, in Western Europe itself, one can distinguish Northern, Middle and Southern Europe. Central, or Eastern, Europe is a group of former socialist countries, according to the modern classification, classified as countries with economies in transition.
Foreign Asia is usually divided into South-West, South, South-East, East and Central. Southwest Asia is located between the Arabian and Mediterranean seas. South Asia is formed by India and the countries adjacent to it. Southeast Asia covers countries gravitating towards the Indochina peninsula. Central Asia includes countries that do not have access to any of the oceans washing the mainland: Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan. East Asia includes the territories of Japan, North Korea, the Republic of Korea, China, and Mongolia.
In America, Anglo-America (USA and Canada) and Latin America are distinguished. In turn, Latin America includes the mainland countries of South America, Central America and the West Indies. Africa is divided into North, West, Central, East and South.
And the last region is Australia and Oceania, which includes mainland Australia and all island states and territories in the Pacific Ocean.
Question 3. What are the types of international organizations?
Answer. When classifying international organizations, various criteria can be applied.
1. By the nature of the members, they can be distinguished:
1.1. interstate (intergovernmental) - participants are states
1.2. non-governmental organizations - unite public and professional national organizations, individuals, for example, the International Red Cross, the Inter-Parliamentary Union, the International Law Association, etc.
2. According to the circle of members, international organizations are divided into:
2.1. universal (worldwide), open to the participation of all states of the world (the United Nations (UN), the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the World Health Organization (WHO) and other organizations of the UN system (its specialized agencies), International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), International Civil Defense Organization, etc.),
2.2. regional, whose members can be states of one region (Organization of African Unity, European Union, Commonwealth of Independent States).
3. According to the objects of activity, we can say:
3.1. on organizations of general competence (UN, Organization of African Unity, Commonwealth of Independent States, Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe)
3.2. special (International Labor Organization, Universal Postal Union). Political, economic, social, cultural, scientific and other organizations also differ.
Question 4. What is the name of an international organization that unites about 200 sovereign countries of the world?
Answer. The world's largest international association of states is the United Nations (UN), whose members are almost all independent states of the world (about 200). Created immediately after the end of World War II, this organization declared its goal to maintain and strengthen international peace and security, and develop cooperation between states.
Question 5. What is the name of the environmental non-governmental organization?
Answer. Greenpeace (Green World) is an international non-governmental organization established in 1971 with the aim of preserving the Earth's natural environment from destruction. Main goals: involvement of the general public in environmental protection issues. It is supported by funds from private sources, has a branch in Moscow.
AND NOW THE MORE DIFFICULT QUESTIONS
Question 1. What is the difference between non-governmental organizations and government?
Answer. The difference between governmental and non-governmental organizations lies in their legal basis. Intergovernmental organizations are established by subjects of international law, non-governmental - by subjects of national law.
Non-Governmental Organizations - an organization founded by individuals and/or other public (non-profit) organizations without the participation of official (governmental) institutions and operating on the basis of the charter and at its own expense.
Question 2. Is the Commonwealth of Independent States a region or an international organization? Why?
Answer. The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) is a regional international organization (international treaty) designed to regulate cooperation relations between countries that were previously part of the USSR. The CIS is not a supranational entity and operates on a voluntary basis.
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Moldova
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Question 3. Why the number of regions in different parts of the world is not the same?
Answer. This is caused by a number of interrelated factors: natural, historical, demographic and socio-economic.
Natural. They were decisive in the resettlement of people before the transition of mankind to agriculture and animal husbandry. Of the most important here, one can single out the absolute height, relief, climate, the presence of water bodies, and natural zonality as a complex factor.
Historical. Historically, most of the population lives in Asia. Currently, in this part of the world there are more than 3.8 billion people (2003), which is over 60.6% of the population of our planet. Almost equal in population America and Africa (approximately 860 million people, or 13.7%), Australia and Oceania are significantly behind the rest (32 million people, 0.5% of the world's population.
Demographic. Asia hosts most of the countries with the largest populations. Among them, according to this indicator, China has long been the leader (1289 million people, 2003), followed by India (1069 million people), the USA (291.5 million people), Indonesia (220.5 million people). .). Seven more states have a population of over 100 million people: Brazil (176.5 million people), Pakistan (149.1 million people), Bangladesh (146.7 million people), Russia (144.5 million . people), Nigeria (133.8 million people), Japan (127.5 million people) and Mexico (104.9 million people). At the same time, the population of Grenada, Dominica, Tonga, Kiribati, Marshall Islands was only 0.1 million people.
Socio-economic. These factors are directly related to the development of human civilization and their influence on the distribution of the population increased with the development of productive forces. Despite the fact that human society will never fully become independent of nature, at present, it is the factors belonging to this group that are decisive in shaping the system of the Earth's settlement. These include the development of new territories, the development of natural resources, the construction of various economic facilities, population migration, etc.
Question 4. What is the purpose of creating economic international organizations?
Answer. International economic organizations are associations of states or their separate governing bodies aimed at cooperation in the field of trade, finance and economic activity. These structures can be classified based on various features of their activities. By territorial coverage, international economic organizations are divided into global and regional. An example of a world organization is the International Chamber of Commerce, and a regional one is ASEAN (Southeast Asia).
The main goals of international economic organizations are to promote the development of the economy of their members, as well as the unification of general norms for regulating relations. The decisions of some of them are binding for members, while others are advisory. Currently, there is a fairly extensive system of international economic organizations. These structures actively interact with each other, influencing both the global economy and politics.
Question 5. Why can one and the same country be a member of different international organizations?
Answer. One country can be a member of different organizations because the goals of the organizations are different. Joining the organizations expands integration ties with other states. This allows you to solve security issues, access to international markets, provides transport corridors, etc.
FROM THEORY TO PRACTICE
Question 1. Make a classification scheme for the historical and geographical regions of the world.
Question 2. Designate on the contour map the historical and geographical regions of the world listed in the text of the paragraph.
Question 3. Using additional sources of information, make a list of countries that are members of the EU, NATO. Write down those states that are simultaneously members of both international organizations.
Question 4. Determine the cities in which the headquarters of the international organizations listed in the text of the paragraph are located. To complete the work, use the official websites of these organizations. Present the results of your work in the form of a table.
Final tasks on the topic of the section (tasks are performed in a notebook)
1. Territorial waters are
A - 12-mile zone
2. The second name of the colonial stage in the formation of the political map is
B - medieval
3. What stage in the formation of the political map does the formation and collapse of the USSR belong to?
G - the newest
4. Which of the following countries is part of Western Europe?
A - the Netherlands
5. The UN Headquarters is located in
In NYC
6. Select the countries of the world that appeared on the political map in the 21st century. Write your answer as a sequence of letters in alphabetical order.
B, E, F - East Timor, South Sudan, Abkhazia
7. Which of the following countries are part of Latin America? Write your answer as a sequence of letters in alphabetical order.
A, B, D - Argentina, Paraguay, Chile
8. Arrange the regions of the world in ascending order of the number of countries included in them, starting with the region with the lowest value of the specified indicator.
B, C, D, A, D - Africa, Asia, America, Europe, Australia and Oceania
9. Establish a correspondence between the region and the state that is part of it.
1-B, 2-D, 3-C, 4-A
10. Establish a correspondence between the abbreviation of the international governmental organization and its full name.
What are regions of the world? By common definition, concept region implies any territory that has one or more common features. Region- synonym for words district, region, continent. There are regions within every continent, country, city. By what principle the attitude of countries to a particular region is determined, we will consider in more detail.
Why share the world?
The planet we live on is vast and diverse. Its distant parts differ significantly in geographic location, climatic conditions, economic development, historical, religious and cultural features. It is much more convenient for a specialist in any issue that goes beyond the framework of one state to unite regions and countries of the world with the same characteristic features in one title. The common names of the regions are known broad layers, and everyone who is familiar with geography understands what is at stake.
For the study of geography, division into regions is necessary for convenience. There is no need to describe in detail each individual country, if the patterns of its development and geophysical conditions are similar to neighboring ones, especially since the quantitative composition and names of countries change constantly over the course of history. Features of the regions are studied by a separate science - regional studies.
Major regions of the world
The main division is defined by the UN classification system. The division of the world into regions was carried out on a territorial basis, by continents, for the purpose of statistics. It looks like this:
- Europe (Central, Northern, Southern, Eastern and Western).
- Asia (Central, Western, Southern, Eastern and South-Eastern, Northern).
- Africa (Central, Northern, Southern, Western, Eastern).
- America (North or Anglo-America; Central or Caribbean, together with North America are combined in some sources into one region - Latin America; South)
- Australia and Oceania (Australia - New Zealand, Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia).
There are 23 regions in total. This division denotes the regions of the world according to the parameters of the physical and geographical position of its territory, the areas of these regions coincide with the areas of the continents and islands, and have a geographical border.
Historical and cultural zoning
The history of the development of peoples, the formation of their cultural heritage, the established groups of languages and dialects are as diverse on the planet as the climatic conditions of life. At the same time, there are countries for which this path was identical, some states broke up into smaller ones, while others merged into one. Historical and cultural regions of the world are areas in which the features of religion, life, cultural heritage, architecture, customs, way of doing business, and even the basic set of food products, have similar properties that distinguish this area from others. The boundaries of these regions may coincide with geographical division, but not necessarily.
Examples of regions of the world with common historical and cultural traditions:
- North Africa and the Middle East. The territory of the admirers of Islam, through which the caravans of merchants from all over the world passed.
- North America is an area in which the original culture of the natives is almost completely destroyed, and so are its representatives themselves. A new community of representatives of nationalities of all continents has fully developed.
- Oceania - remote from other civilizations, the peoples of this region have created an original culture that is not similar and incomprehensible to other peoples.
Ecoregions
The ecological regions of the world, or natural zones, are very vast territories that are united by similar landscapes, climatic conditions, representatives of flora and fauna. Ecoregions are located on the planet mainly by latitudes, but they have a different location and width, depending on the relief and proximity to the ocean. Borders natural regions for the most part do not coincide with the boundaries of powers or historical regions, they are determined by the distribution of warm and cold air and remoteness from the oceans.
Examples of ecoregions: tropics, equatorial forests, deserts, steppes, taiga, tundra, arctic deserts.
Tourist regions
The tourism business also considers in its activities the division of the world into regions, taking into account the recreational possibilities of the place offered for recreation for the tourist: nature; historical and cultural heritage; ecological, social, infrastructural conditions.
The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) adopted 5 tourist regions, which, in turn, are divided into 14 sub-regions.
Regions of the world by tourist destinations:
- Europe.
- Asia and Pacific countries.
- America.
- Africa.
- Near East.
Economic division
Economists divide the world in their own way. Economically, regions differ from geographic, climatic, or historical regions. The principle of their division is the level of economic development of the state. According to the UN, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, countries are divided according to the degree of development of a market economy, according to the socio-political system, according to the level of development.