Complex sentences with several subordinate clauses can be divided into three main groups: with homogeneous, heterogeneous (parallel) and sequential submission.
1. Complex sentences with homogeneous subordination:
all subordinate clauses refer to the same main clause or to the same word in the main clause (if the subordinate clauses do not extend the entire main clause, but one of its words);
subordinate clauses answer the same question, that is, they are subordinate clauses of the same type;
subordinate clauses are connected with each other with the help of coordinating conjunctions or without union (with the meaning of enumeration), just as homogeneous members are connected with each other.
The boys, hushed, looked after the truck, / 1 until he drove off for the crossroads, / 2 until the dust he raised is scattered, / 3 until he himself became a cloud of dust/ 4 (Zhukhovitsky).
1 , (Bye- union) 2 , ( Bye- union) 3 , ( Bye- union 4 .
Complex sentence; consists of four simple sentences; the first is the main thing, the rest are adjuncts of time. Subordinate clauses refer to one main clause, answer the same question - until when? Each clause is connected to the main conjunction bye. These are homogeneous subordinate clauses.
The vertical scheme (a scheme that reflects not the location of simple sentences in a complex one, but their dependence) will be as follows:
1
↓
(Bye- union) 2 , ( Bye- union) 3 , ( Bye- union) 4
My father told me / 1 that he had not seen such loaves / 2 and / that this year's harvest is excellent/ 3 (Aksakov).
[ch.] 1 , ( what- union) 2 and ( what- union) 3 .
Complex sentence; consists of three simple sentences; the first is the main one, the rest are subordinate clauses. Subordinate clauses refer to one word (predicate) said, expressed by the verb) in the main clause, answer the same question - what? Each subordinate clause is associated with the main union that. Between themselves, subordinate clauses are connected by a connecting union and. These are homogeneous subordinate clauses.
The vertical scheme of a complex sentence will be as follows:
1
↓
(what- union) 2 and (what- union) 3
Note!
1) If homogeneous subordinate clauses are attached to the main one by the same union, then this union can be omitted in one or more subordinate clauses (but the union is easy to restore).
Wed: Shatsky saw,/ 1 /2 and / the sailors for a long time, interfering with each other, pulled her up on hoists/ 3 (Paustovsky). - Shatsky saw,/ 1 how the last boat returned to the ship/2 and / how the sailors for a long time, interfering with each other, pulled her up on hoists / 3 .
2) If homogeneous clauses are connected by a single connecting or dividing union (and, yes, in the meaning of “and”, or, or), then a comma is not placed between the subordinate clauses.
my father said me that he had never seen such loaves and that this year's harvest was excellent(Aksakov); He strongly stated that we must immediately get out of his house or he will call the police.(Grigoriev) - the union that before the second subordinate clause is omitted, but can be restored ( He stated emphatically that we should immediately get out of his house or that he would call the police.).
3) With repeated coordinating conjunctions, a comma is placed between homogeneous subordinate clauses.
While in the hospital, he recalled how the Nazis attacked them suddenly, and how they were surrounded, and how the squad managed to break through to their own.
4) The unions whether ... or are considered as recurring (in this case, or can be replaced by whether), and homogeneous clauses connected by these unions are separated by a comma.
Wed: It was hard to understand whether there was a fire somewhere, or was about to ascend moon(Chekhov). - It was hard to understand whether there was a fire somewhere, whether the moon was about to rise.
2. Complex sentences with heterogeneous (parallel) subordination:
all subordinate clauses refer to the same main clause;
subordinate clauses answer different questions, that is, they are subordinate clauses of different types.
Heterogeneous (parallel) will also be subordinate clauses that have the same meaning, but refer to different words in a common main clause.
/ 1 Yegorushka strained his eyesight, / 2 / 3 (Chekhov).
(when- union) 1 , 2 , ( to- union) 3 .
A complex sentence consists of three simple ones; the second sentence is the main one, the first and third are subordinate clauses. Relative clauses refer to the same main clause, but answer different questions (cf.: [When?] When he pulled up to the backyard / 1 / 2 ; Yegorushka strained his eyesight[why?], / 2 to get a better look at it/ 3). These are different types of subordinate clauses: when he drove up to the backyard- subordinate time; to get a better look at it- adjective of purpose.
2
↓ ↓
(when- union) 1 ( to- union) 3
must be taken into account exactly Wednesday, / 1 wherein poetry develops, / 2 / 3 (Mayakovsky).
[n.] 1 , ( wherein- union. sl.) 2 , ( to- union) 3 .
A complex sentence consists of three simple ones; The first sentence is the main clause, the second and third clauses are subordinate clauses. The subordinate clauses refer to one main clause, but the first subordinate clause (the second simple clause) refers to one word - Wednesday, pronounced noun; the second subordinate clause (the third simple clause) refers to the entire main clause. Relative clauses answer different questions (cf.: must be taken into account exactly Wednesday [which one?], / 1 wherein a poetic work develops, / 2; Need to take into account the environment[why?], / 1 so that a word alien to this environment does not accidentally fall / 3). These are different types of subordinate clauses: wherein poetry develops.- attributive clause; so that a word alien to this environment does not accidentally fall into- adjective of purpose.
The vertical layout of the proposal will be as follows:
[n. ] one
↓ ↓
(wherein- union. next) 2 ( to- union) 3
I asked his, / 1 why he went so far from fanza, / 2 and said, / 1 that worried about him/ 3 (Arseniev).
[Ch., ( why- union. next) 2 , ch.] 1 , ( what- union) 3 .
A complex sentence consists of three simple ones; The first sentence is the main clause, the second and third clauses are subordinate clauses. Subordinate clauses refer to one main clause and answer questions of indirect cases (cf.: I asked his[about what?], / 1 why he is so far gone from fanza / 2 ; I asked him and said [what?], / 1 that worried about him/ 3). These are the same types of subordinate clauses - additional clauses. But these clauses refer to different words within the main clause: the first clause (the second simple clause) refers to the predicate asked, expressed by the verb; the second subordinate clause (the third simple sentence) refers to the predicate said also expressed as a verb. Therefore, these accessory clauses are heterogeneous (parallel).
The vertical layout of the proposal will be as follows:
[ch. ch.] 1
↓ ↓
(why- union. next) 2 ( what- union) 3
3. In complex sentences with sequential subordination one subordinate clause (subordinate clause of the 1st degree) is subordinate to the main clause, and another subordinate clause (subordinate clause of the 2nd degree) is subordinate to this subordinate clause, etc. Thus, the 1st degree clause is the main clause for the 2nd degree clause, and so on.
I I heard, / 1 how Gaidar cleaned the kettle with sand and scolded his for that, / 2 that the handle fell off/ 3 (Paustovsky).
[ch.] 1 , ( as- union ch. + UK. sl.) 2 , ( what- union) 3 .
A complex sentence consists of three simple ones; The first sentence is the main clause, the second and third clauses are subordinate clauses. The subordinate clause of the 1st degree (the second simple sentence) refers to the first (main) sentence, namely, to the predicate I heard, expressed by the verb; subordinate clause II degree (third simple sentence) refers to the subordinate clause I degree (second simple sentence), namely, to the predicate scolded expressed by the verb.
The vertical layout of the proposal will be as follows:
[ch.] 1
↓
(as- union ch. + UK. next) 2
↓
(what- union) 3
Note!
With sequential subordination, one subordinate clause may appear inside another subordinate clause. At the same time, at the junction of these subordinate clauses, there may be two subordinating unions or a subordinating union and an allied word nearby.
The maid was an orphan/ 1 which , / 2 to feed / 3 should have been in service / 2 (L. Tolstoy).
[n. ] 1 , (which is union. word, 2 (to - union ...), 3 ...) 2 .
[n. ] one
↓
(which- union. next) 2
↓
(to- union) 3
Nearby are the allied word which and the union to. They belong to different subordinate clauses: subordinate clause of the 1st degree - who was to be put into service; subordinate clause II degree - to feed. The 2nd degree clause is located inside the 1st degree clause, and the 2nd degree clause can be removed without damage from complex sentence or put after the subordinate clause I degree, cf .: The maid was an orphan who was to enter the service; The maid was an orphan who had to enter the service in order to feed. Between the allied word which and the union to, belonging to different subordinate clauses, there is a comma.
Thus, when two subordinating unions meet (or a subordinating union and an allied word) comma between them put if the withdrawal of the second clause does not require restructuring of the entire complex sentence (in this case, the second part of the double union does not follow - then, so, but).
Comma at the junction of two subordinating conjunctions (or a union and a union word) not put in the event that the second subordinate clause cannot be removed without changing the entire complex sentence (in this case, the second part of the double union follows - then, so, but).
I'm holding bet, / 1 what / 2 / 3 then/ 2 (Leskov).
[n. ] one , ( what- union 2 ( if- union ...), 3 then ...) 2.
[n. ] one
↓
(what- union) 2
↓
(if...then- union) 3
In this sentence, the main sentence can be distinguished: I bet/ 1, as well as two successively related subordinate clauses: the I degree subordinate clause: something... then he will stay here for another three days/ 2, inside which there is a subordinate clause of the II degree: if you pass it to the duke/ 3 (cf.: I bet that... then he will stay here for another three days; he will stay here for another three days if you pass this on to the duke). At the junction of the 1st degree and 2nd degree clauses there are two subordinating unions what and if. However, a comma is not placed between them, since the subordinate clause of the II degree cannot be removed without changing the subordinate clause of the I degree, cf .: I bet, / 1 that he will stay here for another three days/ 2 . This is prevented by the second part of the double conditional union if ... then, which is in the main conditional clause for the conditional clause - the 1st degree clause: he will stay here for another three days. If this second part (then) is removed, then at the junction of unions what and if it will be necessary to put a comma, cf .: I bet/ 1 what , / 2 if you give it to the duke, / 3 he will stay here for another three days / 2 .
In complex sentences with several subordinate clauses, bond combinations: there can be both homogeneous and consistent subordination; parallel and serial, etc. Therefore, when parsing and arranging punctuation marks, one should not strive to immediately draw up a general scheme or immediately place punctuation marks.
The following analysis algorithm seems to be the most optimal:
- Set the total number of simple sentences in a complex one, highlighting all the grammatical foundations.
- Select all subordinating means of communication (subordinating conjunctions and allied words); Based on this, establish the main clause and subordinate clauses.
- For each subordinate clause, set the main clause, that is, divide the complex sentence into pairs: the main clause is the clause.
- Build a vertical scheme of a complex sentence, and on this basis determine the nature of the subordination of subordinate clauses (homogeneous, parallel, sequential subordination).
- Build a horizontal diagram, and on this basis, arrange punctuation marks.
The bet is that if your overlord stays here for three days, then you must do what I tell you without any excuses, and if he does not stay, I will do whatever order you give me.(Leskov).
There are 7 simple sentences in this complex sentence:
Bet is that / 1 what / 2 if your master stays here for three days / 3 then you without any excuses must fulfill then / 2 what I will tell you/ 4 a / if he doesn't stay / 5 then I will fulfill any order / 6 which will you give me/ 7 (Leskov).
1) bet is that;
2) something ... then you without any excuses must fulfill then ;
3) if your master stays here for three days;
4) what I will tell you ;
5) if he doesn't stay;
6) then I will fulfill any order;
7) which you give me.
first offer ( bet is) - the main thing, the rest - subordinate. Only the sixth simple sentence raises the question ( then I will fulfill any order ).
This complex sentence can be divided into the following pairs of complex sentences:
1→2: bet is that that ... then you without any excuses must fulfill then
;
2→3: you without any excuse must fulfill then if your master stays here for three days;
2→4: you without any excuse must fulfill then what i tell you;
6→5: I will fulfill any order if he doesn't stay;
6→7: I will fulfill any order, which you give me.
It is still difficult to determine what type of sentence the sixth sentence belongs to. AT this case attention should be paid to the coordinating union a. A coordinating union, unlike a subordinating union, in a complex sentence consisting of three or more simple sentences, may not be in front of the sentence to which it refers. Therefore, it is necessary to find out which simple sentences bound by this adversarial alliance. To do this, it is necessary to remove all simple sentences, leaving only those that contain opposition. These are sentences 2 and 6, cf.: you without any excuse must fulfill then, and I will fulfill any order. But sentence 2 is a subordinate clause. Therefore, sentence 6, connected with sentence 2 by a coordinating union, must also be subordinate. This can be verified by inserting the same conjunction that sentence 2 has, and linking sentence 6 to the same principal on which sentence 2 depends, cf.: bet thing is I will fulfill any order. This means that sentences 2 and 6 are homogeneous clauses, only the union that in sentence 6 is omitted (1→6).
Based on the data obtained, it is possible to build a vertical diagram of this complex sentence:
[ch. + UK. next] 1
↓
(what- union ch. + UK. sl.) 2 , and (- n. + uk. sl.) 6
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
(if...then- union) 3 ( what- union. next) 4 ( if...then- union) 5 ( which- union. next) 7
Thus, this sentence is complex, in which the subordinate clauses are connected uniformly (sentences 2 and 6), in parallel (sentences 3 and 4, sentences 5 and 7), also sequentially (sentences 2 and 3; 2 and 4, 6 and 5, 6 and 7).
To punctuate, it is necessary to mark the boundaries of simple sentences by drawing Special attention on a possible combination of several alliances on the border of proposals, as well as to build a horizontal proposal scheme.
[ch. + UK. next] 1 , ( what- union ( if- union) 3, then ch. + UK. sl.) 2 , ( what- union next) 4, a (if- union) 5 , ( then noun + UK. sl.) 6 , ( which- union. next) 7 .
This sentence has a combination of subordinating conjunctions at the junction of sentences 2 and 3 (what if). In addition, the coordinating union a, which refers to sentence 6, comes before sentence 5, forming a combination of conjunctions with a subordinating conjunction if (and if). By general rules they must be separated by commas, but then the second part of the double conjunction if...then follows. It is this second part of the union that does not make it possible to withdraw conditional clauses without changing the structure of sentences as a whole, cf .: The wager is that ... then you must fulfill that without any excuse; well ... then I will fulfill any order. That is why a comma is not put at the junction of these unions.
So, punctuation marks in a sentence should be arranged as follows:
The wager is that if your master stays here for three days, then you must do what I tell you without any excuses, and if he does not stay, then I will fulfill any order that you give me (Leskov).
Plan for parsing a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses
- Specify the type of complex sentence (compound sentence).
- Name the main clause and subordinate clauses (highlight the grammatical foundations).
- Indicate how the subordinate clauses are related to the main clause (serial, parallel, homogeneous subordination).
- Disassemble each subordinate clause according to the plan.
- Build vertical and horizontal sentence schemes.
Sample parsing
Participates in the adventures of Baron Munchausen runner, / 1 which, / 2 not to run very fast, / 3 ties weights to the feet/ 2 (Soloukhin).
The offer is complex; consists of three parts; sentence 1 - the main thing; sentences 2 and 3 are subordinate clauses. The subordinate clauses are connected with the main one sequentially.
The subordinate clause of the 1st degree (sentence 2) refers to the main one (sentence 1). This is a relative attributive; it refers to the subject runner, expressed by a noun, the means of communication is a union word which; the subordinate clause comes after the main clause.
The 2nd degree clause (sentence 3) refers to the 1st degree clause (sentence 2). It is an adjective of purpose; it refers to everything important, the means of communication is the union to; the subordinate clause is in the middle of the main clause.
[n.] 1
def. ↓
(which- union. next) 2
goals ↓
(to- union) 3
[n.] 1 , ( which- union. sl., ( to- union) 3 ,) 2 .
def. goals
Lectures #10-11
Polynomial complex sentences (with several subordinate clauses)
Punctuation marks in complex sentences
Plan
1. Polynomial NGN with clauses related to one main:
a) homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses;
b) heterogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses.
2. Polynomial SPP with sequential subordination.
3. Punctuation marks in NGN.
4. Parsing polynomial SPP.
Literature
1. Valgina N.S Syntax of the modern Russian language: [Textbook. for universities on special "Journalism"] / N.S. Valgin. – M.: graduate School, 1991. - 431 p.
2. Beloshapkova V.A. Modern Russian language: Syntax / V.A. Beloshapkova, V.N. Belousov, E.A. Bryzgunov. – M.: Azbukovnik, 2002. – 295 p.
3. Pospelov N.S. Complex sentence and its structural types / N.S. Pospelov // Questions of linguistics. - 1959. - No. 2. – pp. 19-27
Complex sentences may have more than one subordinate clauses.
Complex sentences with two or more subordinate clauses are two main types:
1) all subordinate clauses are attached directly to the main sentence (homogeneous and heterogeneous, that is, parallel subordination);
2) the first subordinate clause is attached to the main clause, the second - to the first subordinate clause, etc. (successive subordination).
I. Clauses that are attached directly to the main clause can be homogeneous and heterogeneous.
Complex sentences with homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses.
With this subordination, all subordinate clauses refer to one word in the main part or to the entire main clause, answer the same question and belong to the same type of subordinate clauses. Homogeneous subordinate clauses can be connected with each other coordinating conjunctions or unionless (only with the help of intonation). The connections of homogeneous clauses with the main clause and between themselves resemble the connections of homogeneous members of the sentence.
For example:
[I came to you with greetings tell what?], (that the sun has risen), (that it trembled with hot light on the sheets). (A. Fet.)
[That , (who lives the real life), (who has been accustomed to poetry since childhood),forever believes in the life-giving, full of reason Russian language]. (N. Zabolotsky.)
[At the end of May, the young bear was drawn to her relatives. places which? ], ( where she was born) and ( where the months of childhood were so memorable).
In a complex sentence with homogeneous subordination, the second subordinate clause may not have a subordinating conjunction.
For example: ( If there is water) and ( there won't be any fish in it), [I don't trust water]. (M. Prishvin.) [ Let's shudder], (if suddenly a bird flies) or ( elk trumpets in the distance). (Yu. Drunina.)
2. Complex sentences with heterogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses (or with parallel subordination). With such subordination, the subordinate clauses include:
a) to different words of the main sentence, or one part to the whole main, and the other to one of its words;
b) to one word or to the entire main clause, but they answer different questions and are different types of subordinate clauses.
For example: ( When in my arms A new book ), [I feel], (that something living, speaking, wonderful came into my life). (M. Gorky.)
(If we turn to the best examples of prose), [then we will make sure], (that they are full of genuine poetry). (K. Paustovsky.)
[From the world (which is called children's), door leading to space], (where they dine and drink tea) (Chekhov).
II. Complex sentences with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses.
This type of complex sentences with two or more subordinate clauses includes those in which the clauses form a chain: the first clause refers to the main clause (subordinate clause of the 1st degree), the second clause refers to the clause of the 1st degree (subordinate clause of the 2nd degree) etc.
For example: [ Young Cossacks rode vaguely and held back tears], (because they were afraid of their father), (who was also somewhat embarrassed), (though I tried not to show it). (N. Gogol)
The specificity of the subordinate parts in this case is that each of them is subordinate in relation to the previous one and main in relation to the next one.
For example: Often in autumn I would closely watch falling leaves to catch that imperceptible split second when a leaf separates from a branch and begins to fall to the ground.(Paustovsky).
With sequential subordination, one subordinate clause can be inside another; in this case, there may be two subordinating conjunctions nearby: what and if, what and when, what and since, etc.
For example: [ The water crashed so scary], (what, (when the soldiers ran below), raging streams were already flying after them) (M. Bulgakov).
There are also complex sentences with a combined type of subordination of subordinate clauses.
For example: ( When the chaise left the yard), [he (Chichikov) looked back and saw], (that Sobakevich was still standing on the porch and, as it seemed, was peering, wanting to know), (where the guest will go). (Gogol)
This is a complex sentence with parallel and sequential subordination of subordinate clauses.
NGN is a sentence whose parts are connected by subordinating conjunctions.
Subordinating conjunctions- what, because, if, although, in order to, how, when, in order to, as well as many others.
NGN with homogeneous subordination
A sentence in which all clauses belong to the same main part and answer the same questions (therefore they are clauses of the same type)
Examples :
- I hit the road when everyone was already asleep and when it became cool
- I hit the road when everyone was already asleep and it became cool
I hit the road — > when? (when everyone was sleeping and when it got cold)
Note: In Russian, the same word can not be repeated, so example 1 and example 2 are the same sentences.
NGN with daisy chaining
In this form of NGN, simple sentences form a kind of chain: From the main sentence we ask the question of the 2nd subordinate clause, from the second we ask the question of the 3rd.
In the following examples, questions to the next clause will be put in brackets.
Examples :
- And Nikolai went to the service (why?) so that no one would say that he did not like his job (what?), which he really did not like.
NGN with a comma at the junction of 2 unions has a consistent subordination.
Examples :
- He said that when father comes, let's go to the park. (The proposal is analyzed below.)
Analysis: He said (what?) -> let's go to the park (when?) -> when father comes.
WBS with Parallel Subordination
This type of NGN has such clauses that
a) They receive questions from one main part, but these questions are different (therefore, the subordinate clauses will be of different types.)
b) They are subordinate clauses of the same type, receive the same questions, but related to different words (this applies to attributive clauses.)
Examples :
- a) Even though you don't deserve it, I'll give you an A if you write well on the test.
- b) I love to look at the sea, which brings inspiration and the sky, which has no clouds. (from different nouns in the main questions are asked.)
There is always a subordinating conjunction inside a subordinate clause.
Example: Andrei did not remember where he put the diary. (about what?)
We always give a question from the main clause to the subordinate clause. The subordinate clause is always separated from the main clause by commas.
Results
1. Inside the subordinate part there is always a subordinating union.
2. From the main part we ask the question of the subordinate.
3. The subordinate clause is always separated from the main one by commas.
Parallel subordination of subordinate clauses is one of three types of subordination of secondary (or dependent) parts in Each type has its own subtleties and tricks, knowing which you can easily determine this type.
Homogeneous, sequential and parallel subordination of subordinate clauses
All three types characterize the order in which the answer to the question posed from the main part of the sentence occurs. It is worth noting that there can be (and most often happens) several accessory parts and they can stand both in front of the main part and after it.
Homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses is such subordination when all minor parts answer the same question. As a rule, such clauses have one common union or For example: "Mom told me that everything would be fine and that she would buy me a doll." In this case, one common union "what" can be seen. However, there are also cases when the union is omitted, but it is implied. An example is the following sentence: "Nastya noticed that he was looking at her and he had a blush on his cheeks." In this version, the union is omitted, but the meaning remains the same. It is very important to clearly see this omitted conjunction, as such sentences are often found on the exam.
Sequential subordination of subordinate clauses is such a subordination when minor members answer the question of their "predecessor", That is, questions are asked from each part of the sentence to the next member. For example: “I am sure that if I get an excellent score, then I will get into a good educational institution". The sequence is clearly expressed here: I am sure (of what?), that ..., then (what will happen?).
Parallel subordination of subordinate clauses is a type of subordination when the secondary parts belong to one They do not answer one question, but together they explain the meaning of the main statement. It is desirable to make schemes of this kind in order not to make a mistake in determining the type. So, submissions: "When the cat jumped out of the window, Masha pretended that nothing terrible had happened." So, the main part is the middle of the sentence (and from it you can ask a question both to the first subordinate clause and to the second one): Masha pretended (when?) And (what happened then?). It is worth noting that a simple complex sentence will not contain any of the above types of subordination. As a rule, they are built only on between parts.
Thus, we can conclude that in a complex sentence, dependent parts have three types of attachment: homogeneous, sequential and parallel subordination of subordinate clauses. Each type defines a dependency on the main member and a relationship with the same minor parts. To correctly determine this type, it is enough just to correctly ask a question and draw diagrams of complex sentences, marking these very questions with arrows. After a visual drawing, everything will immediately become clear.
Lesson: "Types of subordination of subordinate clauses"
Lesson Objectives : teach to determine the type of subordination in a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses; to form the ability to correctly punctuate the sentences of the specified structure.
Lesson objectives :
Educational:
Expand students' understanding of complex sentences, types of subordination;
Repeat and deepen information about the syntax of a complex sentence;
Repeat the types of subordinate clauses;
To form the skills and abilities of competent writing;
To consolidate knowledge of terms, to teach participation in a conversation, the construction of a statement.
Developing:
Develop the ability to systematize, analyze;
Develop attention and speech logical thinking;
Develop skills of working in small groups (in pairs and in a group);
Educational:
Raise the need for knowledge;
Cultivate love for your native language.
Lesson progress:
1. Organizational moment .
Guys, we continue to work with you to prepare for the exam. Today we have a new topic of the lesson, it is connected with complex sentences. We will introduce you to new types of syntactic constructions.
Look carefully at task 13 of one of the GIA options. It sounds like this:
13. Among sentences 8 - 12, find a complex sentence with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.
Answer: __________________________________________. (On the desk)
Try to formulate the topic of the lesson on your own.
The topic of the lesson is: "Types of subordination of subordinate clauses"
What are our goals and objectives?
Learn to determine the type of subordination in a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses; to form the ability to correctly punctuate the sentences of the specified structure.
We write down the number and topic of the lesson in the GIA notebook.
Before starting to study new topic Let's do a repetition.
2. Spelling warm-up (Test for everyone followed by verification)
Each of you has a test with tasks - to indicate words with an alternating vowel in the root. You need to find a word in each task, highlight the root and explain what determines the spelling of this vowel in the root. (Time - 3 minutes)
1. Indicate the word with an alternating vowel in the root:
1. thicket ( -roS- - o, -raST-, -raSH)
2. dew
3. measurement
4. belated
The spelling of a vowel fundamentally depends on what consonants follow it: laG- - a, -loZh- - o: expound - expound; -roS- - oh, -raST-, -raSH- - a: I grew up - I grow, I will grow.
Exceptions: sprout, usurer, Rostov, Rostislav, industry.
2. Specify a word with an alternating vowel in the root:
1. wholeheartedly
2. wade (-e-/-and-:)
3. proceed
4. thin out
The spelling of a vowel depends on the suffix following the root.
Ber- - -bira-: I will remove - I remove
Der- - -dira-: run away - run away
Mer- - world-: die - die
Per- - -pira-: lock - lock
Ter- - -tira-: wipe - wipe
Brilliant- - -blista-: shine - shine
Stel- - -steel-: lay - cover
Burned- - -burned-: lit - ignite
3. Specify a word with an alternating vowel in the root:
1. naked,
2. dedicate
3. hit
4. plain ( equal- - -even-) Roots in which the spelling of a vowel depends on the meaning.
-equal- - is written in words meaning equality:Solve the equation.
Rovn- - in words meaning something even, i.e. smooth, straight Smooth out the folds.
3.Syntactic warm-up.
1 task (oral)
1.Replace the phrase built on the basis of agreement with a synonymous phrase with the connection control.
Management agreement.
bookstore (bookstore), plank shed (board shed), in a crystal vase (in a crystal vase), evening coolness (coolness of the evening), goose flock (flock of geese).
2. Replace the phrase built on the basis of the adjacency with a synonymous phrase with the connection control.
Connection to control.
treat humorously (treat with humor), shrank sadly (shrunk with longing), look frightened (look with fear), solidly ruled (ruled with solidity)
3. Replace the phrase built on the basis of control with a synonymous phrase with an adjacency relationship.
Adjacency management.
ate greedily (ate greedily), sat down for dinner (sat down to dine), got out with dexterity (got out dexterously), speaks with joy (says joyfully)
4. Replace the phrase built on the basis of control with a synonymous phrase with the linkage agreement.
Management for approval.
Krylov's fable (Krylov's fable),painting exhibition (art exhibition), war years (war years), strawberry in the meadow (meadow strawberry)
2 task (on sheets, the proposal is written on the board, one works at the board)
- Write down the complex subordination of the sentence, highlight the grammatical foundations, indicate the boundaries, determine the type of the subordinate clause.
[ View him was like that ], (as if someone offended ).(definitive)
[ X ], (what ...)
[ It was night ],(when I went out to the street from home), (where in the circle of loved ones was reading your story) because I trusted their literary taste)
(1 subordinate clause - attributive, 2 - attributive, 3 - explanatory)
Which? What? Why?
[ X ], (when ...) , (where ..), (because ....)
How are these offers different? (in the 1st one subordinate clause, in the 2nd three clauses.
Conclusion: A complex sentence can have one or more subordinate clauses.
4. Learning a new topic
Let's do the research. Recall the material on physics "Types of connection of conductors"
What types of conductor connections are there? (Serial and Parallel)
How are wires connected in series? (series-connected receivers electric current follow each other, an example is a Christmas tree garland).
How are conductors connected in parallel?
(All conductors are connected at two points - nodes. With a parallel connection, the beginnings of all conductors are connected to one point of the electrical circuit, and the ends to another).
We have noted such phenomena as serial and parallel subordination. The Russian language also has such phenomena.
We noted that in a complex sentence there can be several subordinate clauses. In this case, it is important to understand how all parts of a complex sentence are interconnected, what is subordinate to what.
Possiblethree types of subordination of subordinate clauses :
1) consistent submission,
2) parallel subordination,
3) homogeneous subordination.
1. Consistent submission
With sequential subordination, a chain of sentences is formed: the first clause is subordinate to the main clause, the second clause is subordinate to the first clause, and so on. With this type of subordination, each subordinate clause is the main one for the subsequent subordinate clause.
Consider (All suggestions on the board)
[ I'm afraid ], (what Anna be late for the exam), (which should start early in the morning). (1 subordinate clause - explanatory, 2 - attributive)
Scheme: [ ... ], (conjunction that ...), (union word which ...).
what? Which?
[X], (what…) , (which…)
(Consecutive, if part of the chain or sentence is removed, it is violated electrical circuit, semantic and grammatical integrity of the sentence)
With sequential subordination, the subordinate clause related to the main one is called the subordinate clause of the first degree, and the next subordinate clause is called the subordinate clause of the second degree, etc.
2. Parallel subordination
If one main clause includes subordinate clauses different types, then a parallel subordination is formed. With this type of subordination, both subordinate clauses belong to the same main one. It is important that these clauses are of different types, and they answer different questions.
(When the teacher came in), [the guys stood up], (to greet her).
(1 - time, 2 - goals)
Scheme: (union word when ...), [ ... ], (union to ...).
when? For what purpose?
(when ...), [ X ], (to ...)
(Parallel, if part of the chain or sentence is removed, the electrical circuit is not broken, and the semantic and grammatical integrity of the sentence)
3. Homogeneous submission
If the subordinate clausesare sentences of the same type andrefer to the same member of the main clause or to the entire main clause as a whole , then a homogeneous subordination is formed. With homogeneous subordination, subordinate clausesanswer the same question .
[ I suddenly felt ], (as tension subsided ) And How it became easy in my soul). (both subordinate explanatory clauses)
Scheme: [ ... ], (conjunction as ...) and (conjunction as ...).
What ?
[X] ,(like..) and (like..)
Adnexal explanatory sentences similar homogeneous members sentences, they are interconnected by the union and. Both subordinate clauses refer to the member of the sentence in the main clause. There is no comma between them.
5. Anchoring
Row work. Complete the task: put punctuation marks, determine the type of subordination of subordinate clauses
1 row. He rushed at the deer and pulled the rope,Bye not convincedwhat the animals are standing.
How long? In what?
[...stretched], (until... not convinced ), ( what… )
Sequential submission
2 row. Now,when deer were cut off from the willow cape,when he averted the greatest danger for the herd, Arsin gradually calmed down ...
When?
[ ..., (when ...), (when ...) ... calmed down]
Homogeneous submission
3 row. When coniferous forest began, he immediately felthow much the wind is weaker here.
When? What?
(When ... started), [... felt], (how much ...)
Parallel subordination
6. Educational assessment - cognitive activity
FI
tasks
total
Exercise 1.
1) Arsin had no choice but to start pulling off the tarpaulin wanderings filled with water and swollen like logs, soaking through with moisture.2) When it became quite warm in the hut, Taya went out so that he could be left alone and be able to dry his linen shirt and trousers.
Task 2 . Among the sentences, find a complex sentence with homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses. Enter the offer number. Write your answer on the score sheet.
one). There was still no movement of ice, and the banks remained narrow and shallow: even from here it was noticeable that the water barely reached the belly of the animals. 2) Deer calves, just born, minced next to some women.3) Arsin saw how hesitantly the kids started swimming, how strenuously the whelps snorted at the same time, making a signal to follow them.
Task 3. Among the sentences, find a complex sentence with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses. Enter the offer number. Write your answer on the score sheet.
1) The gurgle of water under the hooves grew louder, and Arsin realized that a rather large herd was being transported to the island, moving faster and faster. 2) To make sure of this, he decided to climb up the stairs, built to view the surroundings even when they were building a hut with his father. 3) They stuffed a dozen strong cross-beams onto two larches standing next to each other - they got a reliable structure that had been serving regularly for almost five decades ... (according to R. Rugin)
Task 4. Among the sentences, find a complex sentence with parallel subordination of subordinate clauses. Enter the offer number. Write your answer on the score sheet.
1) He could not say how long he dragged on the heavy skins, where he was going. 2) I came to my senses only on the bank of the wide Meleksimsky litter, about twenty kilometers from the former place. 3) I raised my head: the sun was already approaching noon ... (according to R. Rugin)
The assignments are checked against the teacher's checklist and assessment sheets.
7. Lesson summary
Let's summarize the lesson:
What are the ways of subordinating subordinate clauses in a complex sentence?
Why do you need to know the NGN groups according to the method of subordination?
(To punctuate in NGN with several subordinate clauses, complete test exam tasks)
8. Homework:
1. Specify WBS with homogeneous subordination.
A) They write to me that you, melting your anxiety, are very sad about me, that you often go to the road in an old-fashioned shabby hustle.
B) The closer the boat approaches, the brighter the night seemed to him, although anyone would call this darkness pitch-black.
C) I want you to hear how my living voice yearns.
2. Determine the type of subordination of subordinate clauses.
When the first warmth set in, there was not a day since my early childhood that I did not go to play in the nearby garden of the medical academy.
A) uniform.
B) Parallel (heterogeneous).
B) consecutive.
3. Find an NGN with several clauses.
A) Only rooks, grown old in the steppe, calmly hovered over the grass, or indifferently, not paying attention to anything, pecked the stale earth with their beaks.
B) Quietly, as only animals can, the bear was sitting near a motionless human figure, barely visible on the slope of a snowdrift.
C) No matter how excited she was, she could not help answering that the Germans did not have anti-aircraft artillery here.
4. Specify WBS with daisy chaining.
A) As long as we burn with freedom, as long as our hearts are alive for honor, my friend, let us dedicate our souls to our homeland with wonderful impulses!
B) The night was so black that in the first minutes, until the eyes got used to it, they had to grope for the way.
C) When all the units were again drawn to the highway, the news came that the commander was wounded in the head.
5. Specify WBS with homogeneous subordination.
A) I went to a stop where there was no one, because the bus had just left.
B) The question is not who is to blame, but the question is what to do now.
C) Something happened that Davydov could not forget for a long time and that from time to time made him shudder.