Place in the system of lessons: lesson number 6 in the section "Cheerful round dance" (10 hours).
Resources and equipment:
- Literary reading. Textbook. Grade 2 Part 1.
- Literary reading. Creative notebook. 2nd class.
- Books with works of oral folk art.
- Interactive whiteboard for working with text, with a task. Microphone, video camera.
- Audio recording with the song "Merry old man". Cartoon "Cheerful old man".
- Cards with words of small forms of oral folk art. Pictures of "Jolly old man".
- Pair cards. (Keyboard picture. Table - collect a proverb).
- Sheets with text for group work. Illustrations to the text for group and individual work.
Lesson type: a lesson in the "discovery" of new knowledge using the method of problem technology, ICT.
Lesson objectives aimed at achieving subject learning outcomes:
- to acquaint students with the works of D. Kharms "The Cheerful Old Man", "The Unbelievable" in the processing of K. Chukovsky;
- to learn to compare author's and folk works;
- form the correct, expressive reading of a poetic work;
- prepare for conscious independent reading, the ability to express one's attitude to what is read and heard, to determine the main idea of the text, to choose a title.
Tasks aimed at achieving meta-subject learning outcomes:
- development of cognitive abilities of students;
- expansion and enrichment of the reader's vocabulary;
- implementation of mutual control in joint activities;
- development of the skill of correlation of the elements of the work with illustrations;
- performance skill development learning activities in accordance with the task;
- use of speech means, ICT.
Tasks aimed at achieving personal learning outcomes:
- instilling love for Russian literature;
- development of skills of independence, goodwill, cooperation with peers;
- development of the ability to work in pairs and groups, without creating conflicts, to find a way out of controversial situations;
- the use of speech means to present the result of the activity;
- development of creative potential.
Forms of work:
- Frontal, individual;
- Work in pairs, in a group.
Lesson script:
Lesson stages |
Teacher activity |
Student activities |
Comments |
1. Organizational moment Purpose: to prepare students for inclusion in cognitive activities. |
- After a fun round dance of charging, we continue to work at a literary reading lesson in the section "Merry round dance."
|
Teacher greeting. Emotional attitude to work. |
Personal: pay attention and positive attitude to the learning process. |
2. Updating knowledge Purpose: formation of abilities to different ways actions, cooperation in pairs. |
– To learn something new and interesting at the lesson today, we need a very important subject. But what will help us? Try to guess!
- Please consult. If you guessed it, then take a pencil. - What was the word? |
Pair work. |
Cognitive: realize mental operation, highlight the necessary information, compare the meaning of words. |
3. Preparation for the main perception educational material Purpose: control and self-control of the studied concepts. |
Problem statement. |
Pair work. Children's answers: |
Cognitive: be able to find correspondences between the beginning and end of a proverb, develop creative abilities. |
4. Checking homework Purpose: to create a situation of success, to assess the real preparation and progress of each student. |
The teacher videotapes the students' story. |
Three students tell nursery rhymes by heart. |
Personal: form individual style and independence. |
Fizminutka |
"Two funny girlfriends ..." |
Perform exercises. |
Personal: development of physical health. |
5. Determining the topic and purpose of the lesson Purpose: to teach to determine the intended topic and purpose of the lesson, accepting one's own student's position, comparing works. |
Formulation of the problem. |
Problem solving. |
Cognitive: to be included in the search process to achieve a result, to be able to highlight the necessary information, analyze it, answer problematic questions, develop creative imagination. |
6. Introduction to the topic. Acquaintance with copyrighted works Purpose: expansion of the conceptual base, inclusion of new elements. Emotional orientation of the stage. |
1. Information of the teacher. Biography of Daniil Kharms. |
Listen to information. Student responses. Children listen, follow the text in the book. |
Cognitive: be able to see the language means used in the text, highlight the essential. |
7. Inclusion in the knowledge system and repetition Purpose: automation of mental actions according to the studied norms, introduction of new methods, work on perception, development of logic, speech, attention. |
Now you will learn new and interesting things about other insects, see how they look. Curious? |
Group work. |
Cognitive: be able to understand the content, the sequence of semantic parts of the text, find information given explicitly, explain and evaluate what is read, find a match. Obtaining a real result when compiling a picture text. |
8. Reflection of educational activity Purpose: fixed new content, reflection and self-evaluation of educational work is organized, correlate the goal and tasks, correction of concepts. |
Do you think our lesson achieved its goal? What new did you learn in this lesson? What did you repeat? What type of work did you enjoy the most? Have we managed to follow the rules of cooperation? Get a picture of a cheerful old man as a keepsake. The audio recording can be listened to in space. The teacher corrects the grades, if there are contradictions, involves other students. |
The lesson has reached its goal. I liked the song about the "Merry Old Man". Watch the cartoon "Jolly Old Man". Students evaluate their work in the lesson, put a mark on a 10-point system. |
Cognitive: the formation of students' abilities for reflection, the ability to work according to the rule and creatively, to understand the criteria for the effectiveness of the lesson. |
9. Homework Purpose: to continue work on the fiction in the author's translation. |
Complete the task in the "Creative Notebook" p. 42-44. |
Children receive a task, write in a diary. |
Cognitive: repeat the text of the work by listening to the work of D. Kharms. |
Used sources.
1. Dusavitsky A.K., Kondratyuk E.M., Tolmacheva I.N., Shilkunova Z.I. Lesson in Developmental Learning: A Teacher's Book. - M.: VITA-PRESS, 2008.
2. Matveeva E.I., Patrikeeva I.E. An activity approach to teaching in elementary school: a lesson in literary reading (from work experience) / / Series "New educational standards". - M.: VITA-PRESS, 2011.
3. Peterson L.G., Kubysheva M.A., Kudryashova T.G. The requirement for drawing up a lesson plan according to the didactic system of the activity method. – Moscow, 2006
4. Shubina T.I. Activity method at school http://festival.1september.ru/articles/527236/
5. L.A. Efrosinina. Literary reading lesson.
6. "Perspective" for teachers. Planned results of studying the course "Literary reading", Grade 2.
Part 1
Extracurricular reading lesson
in 2nd grade
"It's the other way around." Funny poems by Yu. Moritz, D. Kharms,
Yu. Vladimirova, G. Sapgira.
Teacher: Kudryashova N.A.
(2009 - 2010 academic year)
Theme of the lesson: "Everything is the other way around." Merry poems by Y. Moritz, D. Kharms, Y. Vladimirov, G. Sapgir.
The purpose of the lesson : to acquaint with the work of poets - Oberiuts, pay attention to the word creation of poets; develop observation, fantasy, imagination; educate interest in poetry, poetic creativity.
Equipment: portraits of oberiut poets, an exhibition of books with poetry for children, recordings of songs based on poems by poets and cartoons.
During the classes
Organizing time.
But now the lesson is special: dedicated to funny poems.
Knowledge update.
In the lessons of classroom and extracurricular reading, you learned that the beginning creative way many poets associated with the study of folklore. K.I. Chukovsky wrote: “Poetry for children is such a genre that it takes many years to prepare to master it.” According to many children's poets, folk poetry was a compass on their way. Rhyming rhymes, nursery rhymes, teasers, ditties can now be read in the poetry of children's writers. Chukovsky studied the speech of children in order to answer the question: “How should one write good children's poems?” It turned out that children love to invent new words, compose counting rhymes, play with words. K. I. Chukovsky wrote the book “From two to five”, this is a collection of statements by children from 2 to 5 years old. This book helped the poets who wrote children's poems a lot.
Listen to the children say: - He worked, worked and worked out a steamboat! I can't figure out what's in this picture. I remembered, I remembered, and then I remembered. Mom is angry, but fertilizes quickly.
Setting the goal of the lesson.
What poems of these poets have you read?
Why are these verses interesting?
Today we will get acquainted with the cheerful poems of children's poets, in whose works incredible transformations of words take place.
4. Learning new material.
a) Almost 90 years ago in the city of Leningrad (now St. Petersburg) several talented poets united in a group called OBERIU. This is deciphered as follows: a society of real (non-fictional) art.
Which letter is left undeciphered? (y) To the question "Why Y?" members of this group answered: "Because it ends in U. For fun." Here are the same cheerful, without imagination, but sometimes incomprehensible were the verses of poets - Oberiuts. This group included D. Kharms, A. Vvedensky, Yu. Vladimirov, N. Zabolotsky. They came up with new words, sound combinations, created the real out of the unusual. They believed that poems for children should be fun, like a game. Today in the lesson we will observe how poets play with words, how they change the meaning of words. Many poems are remembered by your grandparents, your parents. Let's hear what verses you read. By today's lesson, some children have memorized poems and drew a picture for their poem.
1. Yurinova Zoya: A. Vvedensky "About the fisherman and the eccentric"
Yarutkina Valeria Yu. Vladimirov "Ninochkin's purchases"
These are poems of poets - Oberiuts. Children at that time most of all liked the poems of D. Kharms. Listen to the verse. D. Kharms "How Volodya quickly flew downhill."
What genre of oral folk art do these poems resemble?
What kind interesting words do you remember? Did you like it? What unreal events have become real in poetry?
b) Many modern children's poets also use word games in their poems. Let's listen to the verses of some poets:
Yunna Moritz:
Brumm Christina: "The roof was going home"
Korotyaeva Alina "Lazy cat"
Dementieva Ekaterina "Laughing Confusion"
Safonov Dmitry "The Ballad of Chocolate Tricks"
Dementieva Ekaterina "Cook"
G. Sapgira:
Borzikhina Polina "The Cannibal and the Princess or the other way around"
Koklyukhin Alexander and Puchko Vadim: "Fables"
Consolidation.
And tomorrow the old woman will have to again
A boat is sailing on the river, it is sailing from afar ,
There are four very brave people on the boat .... (sailor)
And you know that U, and you know that Pa
Do you know what PY is? That my dad had forty .... (sons)
Lived in an apartment forty-four,
Forty-four funny .... (siskin)
They praised the horse, bought her a cracker,
And then they gave a notebook and .... (primer book)
b) reading poems by children (from books selected independently)
5. Summary of the lesson
Our acquaintance with poetry for children does not end there. In reading lessons, we will learn more about their work, get acquainted with new poems and talk in more detail about their content.
6. Homework: poems by Marshak, Barto, Mikhalkov, Zakhoder and other poets.
You read a lot today, and I also want to read you a poem by the poet Tim Sobakin, who can also write fun and playful. Poem
"Net yak":
So that our thoughts do not comprehend
Opponent is nasty
Let's invent a language
Only the two of us understand.
We are letters in the middle of words
Discard imperceptibly -
And it will be ready in a day
The language is completely secret.
Here we want to say Dumpling,
But let's cut it down first.
And we will know that the word STUMP
Dumpling stands for.
Words are not hard to cut!
Let's remember for sure:
EXIT means EXIT
AND FOAM IS CHANGE.
Compote, perhaps, will be a CAT,
And the NOSE is a good pump!
No one in the world will understand
That porridge is a galosh.
We start talking
with each other gradually:
“You need to quickly OUT of the class,
When big FOAM "
Pumps up the NOSE balls ...
In a glass of CAT from melon ...
And porridge dries on the stove ...
And the STUMP in the plate is getting cold ...
What does CAT mean? What does PEN mean?
We think hard! ..
And I'm afraid that in a day
We will not understand each other.
- What does "Net yak" mean?
Decipher the sentence: You GET TO GIVE. (you go to rest)
Thank you guys for the lesson. Today you were not just my assistants, but my colleagues. Our artists receive an award - a "palette", and readers - a photo of a "wise owl."
part 1
Daniil Kharms
Russian literature does not deserve Kharms...
in the Heavenly Office they planned ...
another gift to some Englishmen
Max Fry
The eccentricities of this man began to appear even at school, when instead of the surname Yuvachev he took a strange pseudonym - Kharms, which the poet constantly varied. His amazing, bright image was complemented by an outstanding appearance: a top hat, a monocle, an unusual red jacket were his constant attributes. This image once again emphasized Kharms's strongest craving for experiments. The poet considered himself an Oberiut (Union of Real Art), whose goal was to “cleanse the subject from the husk of literary concepts” and look at it with “bare eyes”. The poet created a lot of non-childish poetry. Turning to his biography, we involuntarily ask ourselves the question why, in general, a schizophrenic, a man who had no children and never had love for them, began to write poetry for children? Perhaps it was a severe necessity, dictated by the impossibility of publishing openly, that is, the desire to hide one's poetry under the guise of a "childish" one. Can his poetry be offered to children? The choice is up to parents and teachers. Refer to the work of Kharms yourself, try to understand him, read and ponder his poems. You will definitely find several masterpieces that have rightfully entered the treasury of world children's literature, and you may not want to return to some works of the poet.
His children's poetry is full of surprises, mysterious accidents. Surely you yourself remember "Ivan Ivanovich Samovar", "Plikh and Plyukh". What distinguishes the poetry of Kharms? First, dynamism and movement. Harms himself, of all human activities, he loved walking and running. Without movement, the life of the heroes of his poems is unthinkable: the cat is unhappy because "it sits and cannot take a single step." The movement in his poetry is opposed by "thinking", which turns out to be meaningless in the end. Another interesting thought: all life, reality is an optical illusion, and even glasses and telescopes will not be able to lift the veil of secrecy. A special place in the work of Daniil Kharms is occupied by numbers, their Pythagorean essence. Many of his works are like arithmetic problems or textbooks on mathematics ("Million", "Merry Siskins", etc.). Kharms is fascinated by addition: “one hundred cows, two hundred beavers, four hundred and twenty scientific mosquitoes”, the numbers are constructed and bizarrely transformed: forty-four swifts “combine” into apartment 44, etc. In his books you will also find many substances: kerosene, tobacco, boiling water, ink.
But the most important thing in Kharms' poetry in general, and in his work for children, is absurdity, a break with reality, which is directly related to the "minimalism of action." His amazing hero in the poem "What was it?" surprisingly similar to himself: "In galoshes, in a hat and glasses ...". How does Kharms see salvation in a strange cruel world? In charm, in what a person is crowned with, like a hat. Harms himself was well aware of the close connection that exists between charm and harm, which he emphasized in his pseudonym. Today, the theme of useful and charming harm is continued in the children's poetry of Grigory Oster. The roots of "Bad Advice", without a doubt, are in Kharms' verses.
By the way, pay attention to the geographical space of his works:
I walked in the winter along the swamp ...
Suddenly, someone swept along the river ...
What is the most important item in the whimsical world of Kharms? Of course it is balloon, followed by people waving household items: sticks, rolls, chairs. They are faithful helpers of a cat in trouble (see the recipe in the poem "Amazing Cat"). Each person must certainly have some kind of kinship with a ball full of air, holiday, life.
On Tuesdays over the pavement
the balloon flew empty.
He hovered quietly in the air
in it someone smoked a pipe,
looked at the squares, the gardens...
Kharms' poems are full of humor and irony, for example, "How Volodya quickly flew downhill", in which we see an endless play of form, which is probably most interesting for children who themselves love to engage in word creation, word and sound games, invent onomatopoeic words. What will even the most inexperienced reader find in his poetry? Simplicity of external form, instantly emerging meanings, dominance of chance. These properties of poetry attracted S.Ya. Marshak, who saw in the detonator Kharms a potential favorite of children.
As mentioned at the beginning, not everyone agrees with S. Marshak. On forums and blogs, worried parents are afraid to read Kharms to their children; some of his poems may even seem bloody. Like, for example, his famous “About how my father shot me a ferret”, in the finale of which there is such a quatrain:
I was glad, I clapped my hands,
I stuffed myself from a ferret,
Stuffed a scarecrow with shavings,
And again he beat his hands.
Schizophrenia, rejection of children gave rise to "black" stories in his work with an innocent, childish beginning. It is unlikely that you will want to read to your child the story "The Cashier" with an innocent beginning "Masha found a mushroom ...", in which the verdant corpse of the cashier sits behind the counter. Or the story "Father and Daughter", with a less touching beginning "Natasha had two sweets ...", ends with an account of the sudden deaths, resurrections and funerals of father and daughter.
To acquaint your child or not with the poetry of Daniil Kharms is the choice of every parent. Perhaps this should be done selectively and take into account the age of the child. Then your baby will definitely appreciate the “Amazing Cat”, or “Liar”, or “Merry Old Man”, after all, the poet himself is a child at heart, playing with words, images, rhymes, rhythm. His poetry mixes form and content, words and sounds, resulting in a bizarre meaning based on intricate nonsense.
Very scary story
Eating a bun with butter,
The brothers walked down the alley.
Suddenly on them from a nook
The big dog barked loudly.
Said the younger: "Here's to attack,
He wants to attack us.
So that we do not get into trouble,
We'll throw the bun into the dog's mouth."
Everything ended up great.
The brothers immediately became clear
What's on every walk
You must take with you ... a roll.
Cheerful old man
An old man lived in the world
small stature,
And the old man laughed
Extremely simple:
"Ha ha ha
Yeah hehehe
Hee hee hee
Yes boo-boo!
By-by-by
Yes, be-be-be
ding ding ding
Yes tpyuh-tpyuh!"
Once, seeing a spider,
Terribly frightened.
But, clutching the sides,
Laughed out loud.
"Hee hee hee
Yeah ha ha ha
Ho ho ho
Yes gul-gul!
Gi-gi-gi
Yeah ha-ha-ha
Go Go go
Yes, bull-bull!"
And seeing a dragonfly,
Terribly angry
But from laughter on the grass
And so it fell:
"Gee-gee-gee
Yes gy-gy-gy,
Go Go go
Yes bang bang!
Oh, you guys can't!
Oh guys
Ahah!"
How Volodya quickly flew downhill
On the sleigh Volodya
He flew quickly downhill.
On the hunter Volodya
Flew in full swing.
Here is the hunter
and Volodya
They sit on sleds
They fly quickly downhill.
They flew quickly downhill -
They ran into a dog.
Here is the doggy
And the hunter
and Volodya
They sit on sleds
They fly quickly downhill.
They flew quickly downhill -
They ran into a fox.
Here is a fox
And the doggy
And the hunter
and Volodya
They sit on sleds
They fly quickly downhill.
They flew quickly downhill -
And they ran into a rabbit.
Here is the hare
And the fox
And the doggy
And the hunter
and Volodya
They sit on sleds
They fly quickly downhill.
They flew quickly downhill -
They ran into a bear!
And Volodya from that time
Doesn't roll down the mountain.
ship
A boat is sailing on the river.
He swims from afar.
Four on the boat
A very brave sailor.
They have ears on top
They have long tails
And only cats are afraid of them,
Only cats and cats!
cats
Once upon a path
I was walking to my house.
I look and see: cats
They sit back to me.
I called out: “Hey, you cats!
Come with me
Let's go down the path
Let's go home.
Come on, cats!
And I'm for lunch
From onions and potatoes
I'll make a vinaigrette.
Oh, no! said the cats. -
We will stay here!
Sit down on the path
And they don't go any further.
Very very tasty pie
I wanted to have a ball
And I have guests...
I bought flour, I bought cottage cheese,
Bake crumbly...
Pie, knives and forks here -
But some guests...
I waited until I had the strength
Then a piece...
Then he pulled up a chair and sat down.
And the whole pie in a minute...
When the guests arrived
Even crumbs...
A man came out of the house
A man came out of the house
With club and bag
And on a long journey
And on a long journey
Went on foot.
He walked straight ahead
And looked ahead.
Didn't sleep, didn't drink
Didn't drink, didn't sleep
Didn't sleep, didn't drink, didn't eat.
And then one day at dawn
He entered the dark forest.
And from that time
And from that time
And has since disappeared.
But if somehow
You happen to meet
Then quickly
Then quickly
Tell us quickly.
amazing cat
The unfortunate cat cut its paw -
He sits and cannot take a step.
Hurry to heal the cat's paw
Buy balloons!
And immediately people crowded on the road -
Noises, and screams, and looks at the cat.
And the cat partly walks along the road,
Partly through the air smoothly flies!
Liar
You know?
You know?
You know?
You know?
Well, of course you do!
Clearly you know!
Undoubtedly
Undoubtedly
Surely you know!
Not! Not! Not! Not!
We don't know anything
Didn't hear anything
Didn't hear, didn't see
And we don't know
Nothing!
Do you know what U?
Do you know what PA is?
Do you know what PY is?
What does my dad have
Had forty sons?
There were forty hefty -
And not twenty
And not thirty
Exactly forty sons!
Well! Well! Well! Well!
You're lying! You're lying! You're lying! You're lying!
Another twenty
Another thirty
Well, back and forth
And forty
Roughly forty,
It's just nonsense!
Do you know what SO is?
Do you know what BA is?
Do you know what CI is?
What are empty dogs
Learned to fly?
The birds have learned,
Not like animals
Not like fish
Just like hawks fly!
Well! Well! Well! Well!
You're lying! You're lying! You're lying! You're lying!
Well, like animals
Well, like fish
Well, back and forth
And like hawks
Like birds -
It's just nonsense!
Do you know what is NA?
Do you know what is NOT?
Do you know what BE is?
What's in the sky
instead of the sun
Will there be a wheel soon?
Soon to be golden
Not a plate
Not a cake -
And the big wheel!
Well! Well! Well! Well!
You're lying! You're lying! You're lying! You're lying!
Well, a plate
Well, cake
Well, back and forth
And if the wheel
It's just nonsense!
Do you know what is POD?
Do you know what MO is?
Do you know what REM is?
What's under the ocean
Is the sentry standing with a gun?
Well! Well! Well! Well!
You're lying! You're lying! You're lying! You're lying!
Well, with a club
Well, with a whisk,
Well, back and forth
And with a loaded gun -
It's just nonsense!
Do you know what BEFORE?
Do you know what is NO?
Do you know what SA is?
As for the nose
Not with hands
Not kicking
Can't get it
As for the nose
Not with hands
Not kicking
Do not reach
Don't jump
As for the nose
Don't get it!
Well! Well! Well! Well!
You're lying! You're lying! You're lying! You're lying!
Well, get there
Well, jump
Well, back and forth
And get it with your hands -
This is
Just
Nonsense!
Ivan Toporyshkin
The poodle went with him, jumping over the fence.
Ivan, like a log, fell into the swamp,
And the poodle drowned in the river like an axe.
Ivan Toporyshkin went hunting
With him, the poodle skipped along like an axe.
Ivan fell like a log into the swamp,
And the poodle jumped over the fence in the river.
Ivan Toporyshkin went hunting
With him, the poodle fell into the fence in the river.
Ivan, like a log, jumped over the swamp,
And the poodle jumped onto the axe.
Daniel Kharms. Poems for children
Widely known as children's writer and author of satirical prose. From 1928 to 1941 . he constantly collaborates in children's magazines Ezh, Chizh, Sverchok, Oktyabryata. Kharms publishes about 20 children's books. Poems and prose for children give a kind of outlet for Kharms' playful element, but they were written solely for making money and the author did not attach much importance to them. The attitude of official party criticism towards them was unambiguously negative. In our country for a long time Kharms He was best known as a children's writer. K. Chukovsky and S. Marshak highly valued this hypostasis of his work, even to some extent considered Kharms a forerunner of children's literature. The transition to creativity for children (and the phenomenal success of the children's readership) was due not only to forced external circumstances, but most of all to the fact that childish thinking, not connected by the usual logical schemes, is more prone to the perception of free and arbitrary associations. Kharms' neologisms resemble words distorted by a child or conscious agrammatisms ("skaska", "song", "cheekalatka", "boots", "dog", etc.).
Daniel was baptized on January 5 (18), 1906 in the church of the Cathedral of the Most Holy Theotokos at the "Refuge of the Princess of Oldenburg". The godparents were his uncle Pyotr Pavlovich Yuvachev and aunt Natalya Ivanovna (sister of Nadezhda Ivanovna).
Daniil's father was constantly traveling on official business, and followed the upbringing of his son mainly in letters that he regularly exchanged with his wife. Thus, the voice of the father was constantly heard, which created, as one might suppose, a rather fantastic effect of visible absence with a constant feeling of participation in real life. The father became for Kharms a kind of higher being, respect for which, according to the stories of contemporaries, was embodied, for example, in the fact that the son, until the end of his father's life, got up in his presence and talked to his father only while standing. It can be assumed that the “gray-haired old man” in glasses and with a book, who appears in several texts by Kharms, was inspired by the appearance of his father.
From these letters one can get some idea of how Daniel grew up and was brought up. In one of the letters, Nadezhda Ivanovna writes to her husband: “Today we received 3 of your letters, from 10 and 11, and a postcard. Danyuk is delighted, he wears this letter all the time and reads it to everyone, but no one understands anything. June 16, 1910: “Danya tells everyone that his dad is a student and teaches gymnastics, where he got it from is unknown, in general he lies a lot.”
Quite early, Daniel got acquainted with Orthodox symbols. On February 4, 1907, his mother writes: “He learned to be baptized and everyone is baptized and bows,” and on October 22, 1910: “Today was a prayer service. Danila stood all the time, praying, and when he bowed to the ground, he folded his hands on the floor the way you do it, and made sure that everyone did the same.
The father in letters gave advice on raising his son. He himself was an ascetic, ate very modestly, did not like any excesses and was usually content with the smallest. He also advised his son to be brought up in strictness, but the mother did not try very hard to follow these instructions. She loved Danya very much and often spoiled him.
Danya was a capable child. He learned to read very early (he was not yet five years old). In a letter to her husband dated October 18, 1910, Nadezhda Ivanovna says that her son “is terribly busy with books, now this interests him most of all, but I don’t allow him to read a lot, otherwise he talks everything in his sleep at night if he reads a lot. He rolls whole stories by heart.
On November 1, 1910, she continues this theme: “Danilka is terribly fond of books again and even asks me not to give him anything for his name day, except for books.” Perhaps that is why in 1912 she answered Ivan Pavlovich to his wishes to develop his son more intensively: “There is nothing to develop Danya, he is too developed for his age. He studies beautifully, with such attention, he won’t raise his eyes while the lesson is in progress, on anything that does not relate to the lesson, so what else do you want from him?
In a letter to her husband dated June 27, 1911, Nadezhda Ivanovna reports that her son "constructs some kind of machines, water pipes all the time, his fantasy is so played out that he endlessly tells what kind of machine he has built for." Probably, Yuvachev-Kharms's love for the creation of “structures” that had no obvious applied meaning, which many memoirists who knew him later wrote about, was laid down precisely in the first decade of his life.
Daniel got good home education. German language he was taught by a German teacher, and his father taught English. In 1912, that is, at the age of six, he not only read freely, but also wrote, and, as his mother noted, "very competently." In 1915, he entered the first class of a real school (Nevsky Prospekt, 22a), which was part of the Main German School of St. Peter in Petrograd (Petrishule or in German - St. Petrischule). He was a diligent student, although later classmates recalled his love for practical jokes: either he played the French horn during lessons (!), then he begged the teacher not to give him a deuce, portraying an “orphan”, etc. In the first years of his studies in real school there is also the first evidence that Daniel tried to write something independent. His aunt Natalya Ivanovna Kolyubakina, in a letter dated March 3, 1916, says that "Danila is sitting next to me and writing some kind of fairy tale for Natasha - a work of her own imagination."
Revolution and Civil War changed the lifestyle of the family. Hunger, devastation and disease began in Petrograd, school was over. At first, the Yuvachevs still tried to continue teaching their son at home. But in 1918, when it became clear that we are talking no longer about learning, but about saving lives, the parents take their son to the Khvalynsky district of the Saratov province, to the relatives of Nadezhda Ivanovna.
In 1919, they return, and Daniil spends the summer in Detskoye Selo (as Tsarskoye Selo became known after the revolution) with Natalya Ivanovna Kolyubakina, his aunt and godmother.
In January 1920, his mother went to work - she became a housekeeper at the Barachnaya Hospital. S.P. Botkin, a little later, 14-year-old Daniil was placed there. From August 13, 1920 to August 15, 1921, he was listed as an "fitter's assistant" in the same hospital.
In 1920, the Yuvachev family settled in the building of the former hospital laundry at the address: Mirgorodskaya street, 3/4, apt. 25, where they lived until the end of 1925. My father continued to serve "on the financial side": after February 1917, he worked as a senior auditor of the State Savings Banks, and after October - a senior inspector of the Central Budgetary and Accounting Department of the People's Commissariat of Finance. In 1923-1924, he was already the head of the accounting department of the working committee for the construction of the Volkhovskaya hydroelectric power station.
Around 1921-1922, Daniil Yuvachev chose the pseudonym "Kharms" for himself, which gradually "grown" to him so much that it became part of the surname. In the 1930s, when all Soviet citizens were given passports, he hyphenated the second part of his last name in the passport, so it turned out “Yuvachev-Kharms”.
In the future, Kharms signed with other names. (More in the article "Kharms Aliases")