They have a few new ones. City sports facilities: achievements and prospects. How I was a "loho"

1. Most of the time passes fruitlessly. 2. At the zoo, a small kangaroo sat in a cage and cleaned its feathers. 3. There is a monstrous improvement in living conditions. 4. Experience recent years inevitably shows the correctness of these gloomy forecasts. 5. Widespread testing of this vitamin bioactive cream resulted in extremely positive results. 6. The stranger mounted a horse and rode on foot. 7. The bus was so crowded that someone suggested: "Stand flat, then it will be freer!". 8. Records continue. 9. Several new businesses and public transport have appeared in our city.

Exercise number 14

Which of the following phrases have become entrenched in the language and have become acceptable, and which are perceived as redundant and do not correspond to the language norm? (For reference, refer to the dictionaries of foreign words and dictionaries of Russian language difficulties.)

Information message, evening serenade, traumatic injury, timing of time, patriot of one's homeland, exhibits, folklore, second-hand book, free vacancy, price list, my autobiography, biography of life, monumental monument, scanty little things, professional colleague, overall dimensions, leading leader, interior, driving theme, unusual phenomenon, reality, period of time, huge machine, retaliatory counterattack, progress forward, memory memorial, strange paradox, time trouble, demobilization from the army, plans for the future, eventually, hand gestures , trample feet, crowd of people.

Exercise number 15

In the following sentences, indicate the phrases in which lexical compatibility is violated. Replace lexical equivalents that caused speech errors.

1. You have to spend a lot of nerves reading letters from veterans. 2. The above metal was not delivered to the customer plant. 3. By the time the apartment was exchanged, the wife, daughter and things were registered in it. 4. Grief did not break this woman, her love for work, her courage. 5. There are people who, having done a lot, good and useful, quietly and modestly keep silent about it. 6. The teacher should give advice and comments to his students. 7. A frost hit, and the corn was severely grabbed. 8. Sponsors donated a library to the school, board games. 9. I do not think that there will be people who would seriously profess the opinion of this eccentric. 10. When a pilot gets into the cockpit of an unbroken plane, he thinks: who is the first, if not me?

1. Now I am dead, I have become the sheets of a book, and you can leaf through me (Vol.). 2. I myself do not like grumbling old men And yet I am sincerely glad That I have not experienced the dishonor of ranks And the meanness of lordly rewards (Gal.). 3. The cat turned out to be not only solvent, but also a disciplined beast (Bulg.). 4. Every night Fyodor Nikitich was visited by the same seasoned Soviet dreams. 5. The earth was slightly touched by dark paint, and the leading star signaled the onset of night in a timely manner. 6. A deep wrinkle appeared on Balaganov's serene, unplowed forehead (I. and P.). 7. The new film is doomed to great success with the widest circles of the public. 8. Our hero was not at a loss and immediately paid a lightning visit to the ambassador to prevent this sudden decision (From the newspapers).

Exercise number 17

Specify speech errors and errors in the syllable; Special attention pay attention to the use of polysemantic words that have homonyms. Edit the text for the newspaper.

When the cheese cries

Cheese. Its pungent slices give our morning breakfast a special appetite. "Russian", "Baltic", "Poshekhonsky" ... In the shop windows, the heads look like twins. A thin paraffin shell reliably hides the secrets of everyone.

To solve and create them, our cheese makers have to work hard, - says the chief engineer of the butter and cheese plant. - Cheese is very capricious in manufacturing. Only the exact implementation of the technology can give the necessary taste.

Cheese makers begin to fight for them from the very beginning - the procurement of raw materials. Factory workers themselves often go to the farms, looking for farms that can supply raw milk.

... It's not just about technique, you need to understand the cheese, you need to feel it! This comes only from years of experience. And he has already, one can safely say, come to the Uglich cheese makers. This year, the plant has already produced 50 tons of cheese in excess of the plan. On what has been achieved, the team does not think to calm down. This month we switched to the new kind leaven, which significantly slows down the development of butyric acid bacteria harmful to cheese. When it ripens, such undesirable defects as mustiness and bitterness are eliminated.

On the eve of the holiday, we wanted to name the best cheese makers of the plant, but it was not easy to do so. All workers have been working in the workshop for many years, and each one contributes her particle to the common boiler, all together they are responsible for the quality, for making the cheese, as they say here, “cry”. You cut the head, and milky “tears” glisten in the eyes of the picture. Their matte balls are the first heralds of a successful cheese.

Exercise number 18

Indicate the errors resulting from the inaccurate choice of synonyms (use of words without taking into account their semantics, violation of lexical compatibility, unjustified use of stylistically colored vocabulary), as well as syllable errors resulting from the inability to use synonyms (repetition of words, tautology, pleonasm, errors in creating gradation ). Correct the suggestions.

1. It is necessary to bring this work to the end, to finish, to complete. 2. Life in our gymnasium continues to boil and rage. 3. The knowledge of this student is very modest, mediocre. 4. Strong assimilation educational material hindered by low-quality, poor performance of homework by students. 5. Let's hope that the new furniture in the classrooms will last a long time. 6. I call everyone who worked on the construction of the station enthusiasts, and for good reason: they spent two shifts at the construction site. 7. Slowness and sluggishness in preparation for the construction season are unacceptable. 8. Floating facilities - boats and motors for them - must be repaired in advance, verified, debugged, in a word, brought to full readiness. 9. Among Russian writers who wrote about art, Stasov is a huge, unique and unique figure, unusually remarkable. 10. On the warm sand of this wild Pacific coast, my bare feet left deep prints, which were immediately erased by the oncoming waves. 11. Mistakes and omissions made by the investigating authorities and resulting in the failure of the investigation are explained as follows. 12. You ask why children's interest in reading has collapsed so much. Take an interest in the elders, who do not come into contact with the book at all.

Exercise number 19

Indicate the stylistic flaws that have arisen as a result of the unjustified use of antonyms (illogicality, ambiguity of the statement, an error in constructing an antithesis, an unmotivated oxymoron, an inappropriate pun, an incorrect construction of an antonymic pair, an unjustified antiphrase).

1. In February, the decrease in milk yield increases every day. 2. Love and betrayal, courage and cowardice, life and death... This is what Kuliev is filming about. 3. Not cheerful, but not major, this simple motive for some reason sunk into the soul. 4. Pilots of both the strong and the fair sex flocked to the competition. 5. The gap between financial position"New Russians" and old pensioners not only did not decrease, but deepened even more. 6. The magazine "Health" is a great helper in life and death. 7. Ivanov is expelled from college due to lack of evidence of diligence. 8. Ivanov's parents show active indifference to their son's behavior. 9. This poplar is called pyramidal because it grows strictly horizontally. 10. These memories are directed not only to the past, but also to the future.

Exercise number 20

1. Most of the time passes fruitlessly.
2. At the zoo, a small kangaroo sat in a cage and cleaned its feathers.
3. There is a monstrous improvement in living conditions.
4. The experience of recent years inevitably shows the correctness of these gloomy forecasts.
5. Widespread testing of this vitamin bioactive cream resulted in extremely positive results.
6. The stranger mounted a horse and rode on foot.
7. The bus was so crowded that someone suggested: “Stand flat, then it will be freer!” .
8. Records continue.
9. Several new businesses and public transport have appeared in our city.
10. Yesterday I took a plane and flew to Moscow (from the speech of a foreigner).

1. Most of the time passes fruitlessly.
2. At the zoo, a small kangaroo sat in a cage and cleaned himself.
3. There is an improvement in living conditions.
4. The experience of recent years inevitably shows the correctness of gloomy forecasts.
5. Extensive trials of this vitamin bioactive cream have resulted in extremely positive results.
6. The stranger got on his horse and rode at a pace.
7. The bus was so crowded that someone suggested: “Stand up straight, then it will be freer!” .
8. Records are set.
9. Several new public transport enterprises have appeared in our city.
10. Yesterday I got on a plane and flew to Moscow (from the speech of a foreigner).

Other questions from the category "Education"

• Student's personal file. Are quarter grades placed on a student's personal file? I need an answer urgently!
• please help me decide! ! (1.6*10 to the minus fifth power) *(4*10 to the second power)
• perhaps 19.6 grams of sulphate acid was neutralized with excess magnesium oxide. how many speeches, approved sols?

An exercise 2. Compare the editions of N. V. Gogol's story "Taras Bulba"; explain what caused the synonymous replacements of words during auto-editing (for help, see " explanatory dictionary living Great Russian language "V. I. Dahl).

Unedited text	Edited text
1. They squatted and beat hard and hard with their silver horseshoes closely dead land.	1. ...tight dead land.
2. Stories, jokers, that could be heard among the assembled crowd...	2. Stories and chatter...
3. "Tell the Bishop on behalf of all the Cossacks,- said the Koschevoi, - so that he was not afraid of anything: these are the Cossacks cradles are smoking."	3. "Tell the Bishop from me and from all the Cossacks... It is the Cossacks who are still lighting and smoking their tubes."
4. Zhid... sharpened gorilka from a barrel.	4. Zhid ... sipped vodka from a barrel.
slyly, like newly graduated seminarians.	5. These were two hefty fellows who were still watching frowningly...
6. Variegated ravines crawled out from their holes, stood on their hind legs and announced the steppe with a whistle.	6. Variegated gophers crawled out from their holes...
7. "Here it is gone crazy old!" - said their pale, thin and kind mother ...	7. “Look, good people: stupefied old! I'm completely crazy! .. "
8. Who had a bucket, who Korchak, with which he watered the horse ...	8. Who had a bucket, who scoop...
9. grinded sabers, broadswords and write-offs ...	9. ... tried sabers and broadswords...

Exercise 3 Compare the rough drafts and the final text of AI Kuprin's article; distinguish between the use of new words and synonymous replacement during stylistic editing.

Unedited text	Edited text
1. Amazing delicacy, sensitivity and attention, but never out of the box simple, but as if deliberately everyday relations.	1. ...out of frame ordinary, as if deliberately everyday relationships.
2. No, the whole amount of it [Chekhov] ( vital) huge experience, all his sorrows, sorrows, joys and disappointments were expressed ... in a dream ... of happiness.	2. No, the whole amount of it big and hard worldly experience...
3. No, it was not an absentee lust for life coming from insatiable human heart...	3. ...thirst existence, coming from insatiable human heart...
4. Rarely affected in his conversations artist and novelist.	4. ...in his speeches artist and novelist.
5. This amazingly gentle person did not hurt ... even the smallest evil nothing living.	5. ... did not deliberately cause even the smallest suffering nothing living.
6. Lie down between the eyebrows, at the bridge of the nose, two vertical, thoughtful wrinkles.	6. ...two vertical, thoughtful folds.

Exercise 4 Give an assessment of the use of lexical means in excerpts from newspaper articles; indicate the violation of lexical compatibility, the use of words without taking into account their semantics, illogicality, ambiguity of the statement, etc. Correct the suggestions.

notorious fans of sports statistics. 7. It is forbidden to place household and industrial waste dumps. 8. Lecture for childless parents is postponed to Thursday. 9. In our work, moral and labor education is of primary importance. 10. A young birch oak forest turned green beyond the outskirts. 11. Most of the time passes fruitlessly. 12. There is a monstrous improvement in living conditions. 13. The experience of recent years inevitably shows the correctness of these gloomy forecasts. 14. Several new businesses and public transport have appeared in our town.

15. Yesterday I took a plane and flew to Moscow (from the speech of a foreigner). 16. You have to spend a lot of nerves reading letters from veterans. 17. The above metal was not delivered to the customer plant. 18. Grief did not break this woman, her love for work, her courage. 19. There are people who, having done a lot and useful things, quietly and modestly keep silent about it. 20. Sponsors gave the school a library, board games. 21. I do not think that there will be people who would seriously profess the opinion of this eccentric. 22. When a pilot gets into the cockpit of an unbroken plane, he thinks: “Who is the first, if not me?”

1. The new film is doomed to great success with the widest circles of the public. 2. There is another explanation for such a productive score in this match.

h. For many years I have got used to everything and do not hide, but I am proud of my stainless youth. 4. The roof is tilted, of course, not for everyone. 5. You can’t put all the blame on some fashion designers, there are other fashion chefs, so you should ask them. 6. Our hero did not lose his head and immediately paid a lightning visit to the ambassador in order to prevent this sudden decision. 7. Yes, there were once men! Not like the current tribe. But individual magnificent specimens of men have not yet disappeared even today. 8. "Hello dear!" he exclaimed

and, embracing the unexpected guest, gave him a long, friendly kiss on his salty lips. 9. An old fly selflessly beat its head against the glass. 10. Laurels of discoverers do not threaten us. 11. The new dress of the king marked the transition from evening dresses to correspondence. 12. New signs appeared in the local history museum of the city of Novokhromovsk: “Do not touch the exhibits with your hands. And feet too.

Exercise 6 Pay attention to speech insufficiency, note cases of ambiguity of the statement, distortion of meaning. Correct the suggestions.

The exhibition of young artists in the House of Pioneers was such a success because N. I. Karpenko managed to bring up beauty in her students at drawing lessons. 2. Student Belov won first place in English. 3. They graduated from a vocational school, but in order to work well, you need direct experience at the machine tool. 4. Mistakes and shortcomings must be punished, and the chairman of the state farm, Pashkov, deserves to be punished. 5. A few hours are enough to dress the whole family in warm mittens on a manual knitting machine. 6. The cash desk receives for the goods of toddler age. 7. The binding has become an integral part of the room decoration. 8. Mayakovsky's work excites readers in a variety of languages.

Exercise 7 Analyze the reasons for the insufficient information content of the proposals and edit them.

1. An apartment for rent with a child. 2. An eighty-year-old blind old woman walks into the shed on a wire. 3. In the first month of life, children go for walks only on their hands. 4. Students who have passed pressure and welding can sign up for cutting. 5. The woman was awarded fifty percent of her husband. 6. The sale of juice was discontinued due to technical reasons: stuck in the elevator. 7. Cargo delivery is carried out by off-road helicopter. 8. The gap between school and life takes a short time, but remains in memory for a long time. 9. The responsibility for maintenance and preservation falls on the shoulders of the farmer. 10. Many topics developed by our scientists are focused on quality. 11. In the premises of the entrance factory, the sanitary and epidemiological station will prepare poisoned bait for the population. 12. Livestock specialists and wind workers of farms carry out hoof trimming and dehydration. 13. For all livestock specialists of the departments, make strong collars on an iron chain, under which put belts or felt. 14. The factory requires two workers: one for the filling, the other for the wrapper. 15. Reward nursery workers for fulfilling the plan for the incidence of children. 16. The birthday will start at three o'clock. 17. I ask you to register me without the right to housing. I promise not to live. 18. Sellers in blue sleeveless jackets, uniform skirts, jackets, all as one dark-skinned and black-whiskered, could not help but delight customers.

Exercise 8 Compare offers; analyze the stylistic revision. What mistakes did the editor notice and fix? In case of disagreement with the editor, give your options for editing.

Unedited text	Edited text
1. If you look at the city from a bird's eye view, then the houses will appear as bright islands in the green-blue sea.	1. If you look at the city from a bird's eye view, then the houses will seem like bright islands among the green-goal
2. The dimensions of the control plane must be larger than the prepared plane.	the god of the sea. 2. The reference plane must be larger than the preparatory may.
3. Let's compare the latest economic indicators of the Laima factory workers with previous years.	3. Let's compare the latest economic indicators of the work of the Laima factory with the indicators that the enterprise achieved in previous years.
4. The volume of net output can and usually is expressed in terms of money.	4. The volume of net production can be expressed and is usually expressed in terms of money.
5. Three hotels will appear at the intersection with Leningradskoye, Yaroslavskoye and Kashirskoye highways.	5. Three hotels will be built at the intersection of the ring road with Leningradsky,

	Yaroslavl and Kashirskoe highways.
6. On Sirenevy Boulevard, traffic stops are temporarily prohibited in the area from house 62 to 16th Parkovaya Street.	6. On Sirenevy Boulevard, traffic stops are temporarily prohibited in the area from house 62 to the intersection of 16th Parkovaya.
7. Once upon a time, entertainment films gathered spectators equal to the beautiful hall of the Palace of Congresses.	7. Once upon a time, entertainment films attracted so many viewers that they could fill the huge hall of the Palace of Congresses.
8. In one of the concerts, I conducted a program from the works of S. Prokofiev - the Classical Symphony and the oratorio "Ivan the Terrible" were performed.	8. In one of the concerts, I conducted an orchestra performing the Classical Symphony and the oratorio "Ivan the Terrible" by S. Prokofiev.
9. Proteins of cereals in terms of biological value are inferior to both livestock products and legumes.	9. Proteins of cereals in terms of biological value are inferior to proteins of both livestock products and legumes.
10. The staff of the Solntsevo police department is the best police department in the region.	10. Solntsevo police station - the best in the area.

Exercise 9 Indicate the logical errors in speech, the absurdity of the statement resulting from incorrect word usage, violation of lexical compatibility, omission of words, etc. Correct the suggestions.

1. The artist, as it were, penetrated into the inner state of the soul of a flower: it is akin to the human soul, giving good to people. 2. Our industry has almost caught up with the US level in terms of the number of products produced. 3. The interaction of vocational schools with other education is being studied by sociologists. 4. Passengers with unwrapped horns are not allowed to board (announcement at the airport). 5. I ask you to provide my parents living on the territory of the state farm with fodder and hay. 6. There is nothing in the store for pet insects. 7. Those who do not comply with safety rules can pay with their hands, feet, and most importantly - with their lives! 8. Adolescents navigate the terrain, make their own decisions: routes, a place for a bivouac, cooking. 9. Fell off the fence into the trauma department (from an explanatory note). 10. The fight against influenza is a very important measure that preserves the health of the company's employees.

Exercise 10 Compare unedited text and edited; indicate the speech errors eliminated by the editor, offer your options for stylistic editing.

Unedited text	Edited text
1. The plant of automatic molding machines was put into operation.	1. The plant of injection molding machines was put into operation.
2. This is a normal parliamentary process, this is an internal showdown within the Duma.	2. There is nothing unusual in this, this is a sharp controversy in the Duma.
3. The army and the people then became a single monolithic mass.	3. The army and the people then rallied.
4. The guests also visited the monument-monument. He amazed them with his size and majesty.	4. Guests also visited the monument, which struck them with its grandeur.
5. An important place in the life of students is occupied by classes in amateur art circles. The result of their annual activities are amateur art shows.	5. Many students are engaged in amateur art circles. They show their art at annual competitions.
6. Andrei returned back and, gesticulating vigorously with his hands, exclaimed loudly: “Which of the rivals will be your main competitor?”	6. Andrei returned and, gesticulating vigorously, exclaimed: “Who will be your main rival?”
7. Working in the archive, you get acquainted with the rules of archival work, you experience the pleasure of painstaking, hard and diligent work with archival materials.	7. Working with archival materials, you experience the pleasure of work that requires diligence and perseverance.
8. In a number of regions of the country at the end of the XVIII century. - these include the Urals, the Black Sea region and Southern Ukraine - the industrial industry for coal mining began to develop.	8. At the end of the 18th century, the coal industry began to develop in the Urals, the Black Sea region and southern Ukraine.
9. The complex of unresolved problems must be solved comprehensively.	9. All problems must be solved simultaneously (in parallel).
10. The cost of staying in this hospital is not funded by the state.	10. Stay in this hospital is not funded by the state.
11. An unusual phenomenon could be observed by residents of Ufa last Sunday.	11. Residents of Ufa could observe an unusual phenomenon last Sunday.

12. Exquisite and delicious fish delicacies can be enjoyed by visitors to our restaurant.	12. Our restaurant offers its guests delicious fish dishes.
13. Last fall last year, an unknown swimmer from Holland won the championship, ahead of the strongest aces of the water track in these competitions.	13. Last autumn, an unknown swimmer from Holland defeated the aces of the water track and became the first in these competitions.
14. Hostel - a house in which many students live for five long years. What this life will be depends on the residents of the hostel themselves.	14. A hostel for many students becomes a home for as much as five years! What life will be like in this house depends on them.

Exercise 11 Reveal different shapes speech redundancy(pleonasm, overt and covert tautology, repetition of words), correct the sentences.

• 1. Next year, we have a lot of work to do to develop an annual plan for the upcoming work. 2. The duration of the melting process lasts several hours. 3. Residential quarters are supposed to be deployed towards the river, so that the existing pine grove will be preserved in the city center.
• 4. The plaintiff substantiates his claims with unfounded grounds based only on assumptions. 5. The building will be decorated with stained-glass windows made of colored cast glass. 6. In the fire of 1812, all the wooden structures of the monastery were destroyed, and stone structures were also burned. 7. Fast development Historians explain the cities by the fact that crossroads of important trade routes converged here. 8. On the western side, if you look from north to south, there is a reservoir, and on the south, if you look from east to west, there is a forest.
• 9. This year, flowering will occur on these shoots of flowers. 10. The park was cleared of debris, but it remained unfenced, and now it still serves as a pasture for livestock.

Exercise 12 Indicate speech errors (repetition of words, explicit and hidden tautology, pleonasm) in the following sentences. Edit them.

agreement, we must achieve such indicators that we have never shown and will never be able to show. 9. I would like to touch on one more point regarding the trust of voters: the measures we are taking should in no way undermine the trust in government agencies. 10. It also happens that in response to criticism you get a back boomerang. 11. Returning home from a foreign trip, cruise, tour, everyone seeks to bring a gift or souvenir as a keepsake. 12. The fact is that earlier everyone participated in the good deeds of our department, in its initiatives and undertakings. Now it's a completely different matter. 13. The government in this difficult and difficult time should be a single monolith. 14. A crowd of people broke into the building. 15. The sword of Damocles is constantly hanging over the inhabitants of Kamchatka in anticipation of an earthquake. 16. He told us about his plans for the future.

Exercise 13 Specify different types of speech redundancy. Edit sentences; pleonasms and overt and covert tautologies should be eliminated.

• 1. Passengers traveling on travel tickets or documents for the right to travel free of charge pay the cost of transportation of each piece of baggage on a general basis. 2. Athletes of the plant cannot boast of sporting achievements. 3. Igor was demobilized from the army and came to our factory. He began to comprehend plumbing from the very beginning.
• 4. In the icy cold and cold, Pavel works at this narrow-gauge railway construction site.
• 5. In the further development of the plot, a lot of surprises and interesting surprises await us. 6. When people cooperate and work together, they must mutually respect each other, be mutually attentive, helpful, sensitive. 7. All teams worked clearly and in an organized manner, all available drum dryers were used. 8. She was crying and was in no hurry to wipe her tears. 9. What kind of judge would want to be on trial? (Headline of a newspaper article.) 10. The proposed logging area abounded in swamps, a myriad of mosquitoes. 11. Automatism is developing, but this is conscious automatism, where every movement of the operator is controlled by the mind, intellect, skill. 12. In June, the level of order fulfillment fell to 96%, and in July it was even lower - to 95%. 13. The young man learned to respect work, to work honestly, to value working time, to love equipment, a car. 14. The inhabitants of the city of Kalinov live a monotonous, joyless life ... Katerina anticipates her death in advance ... She cannot return back to the Kabanovs' house and prefers the death of everyday life to a joyless and dreary life in which all the noble impulses of her exalted soul are uselessly lost . 15. There have been snowfalls in the past days and the weather conditions during the current race have created additional difficulties for the current race. 16. They said about Blok: "He died of death."

One can say about Vysotsky: "He died of life." He was tearing himself up, life was overflowing in him, he was overstraining ... (E. A. Yevtushenko)

Exercise 14 Compare offers; indicate cases of violation of lexical compatibility, contamination of two combinations, use of a word without taking into account its semantics, evaluate the editorial correction of sentences. In case of disagreement with the editor, please provide your options for stylistic changes.

Unedited text	Edited text
1. The association "Dawn" gave five girls' dresses to the exhibition.	1. The association "Dawn" presented five women's dresses of youth cuts to the exhibition.
2. Dressed in fur coats, felt boots, warm mittens, our viewers did not perceive the frost.	2. In fur coats, felt boots, warm mittens, our viewers did not notice the frost.
3. Under the shady trees, tourists comfortably nestled.	3. Tourists are comfortably seated under shady trees.
4. Now our children are beginning to comprehend the first school difficulties.	4. Now our children are beginning to overcome the first difficulties of school life.
5. I remembered the war: burning villages, the heartbreaking whistle of bombs.	5. I remembered the war: burning villages, the chilling whistle of bombs.
6. In this battle, shrapnel shot him in both legs.	6. In this battle, he was wounded by shrapnel in both legs.
7. Having won, the university team took a step up one step of the podium.	7. Having won, the university team went up one step on the podium.
8. Where in the recent past there were wastelands, landfills, whole blocks of new residential buildings have risen.	8. Where in the recent past there were wastelands, landfills, blocks of new buildings have appeared.

Exercise 15 Compare offers; analyze the stylistic revision, offer your own revision options if the editorial version needs to be improved.

Unedited text	Edited text
1. You don't even have to be a sophisticated reader to understand how far this work is from perfection.	1. You don't even need to be a very demanding reader to understand how far this work is from genuine art.
2. The poem, published together with "Moydodyr" and "Cockroach", has become one of the most beloved works of young readers.
3. The writer extracts his characters from reality itself.	3. The writer takes his characters from life.
4. The streets in our city are long, it is difficult to walk along them.	4. The streets in our city are long, it is not easy to walk along them.

5. We have several reserves, which are usually classified as specially protected areas.	5. We have several nature reserves, which are usually classified as specially protected areas.
6. The new plant was rich in new machinery that required delicate handling.	6. The new plant was equipped with modern technology that required skillful handling.
7. This success was achieved thanks to the increased use of aviation facilities and the improvement of the technical equipment of enterprises.	7. This success was achieved thanks to the wide use of aviation capabilities and the increase in the technical equipment of enterprises.
8. The fleeting presence of funds in the bank leads to the complication of documentation.	8. Short-term stay of funds in the bank complicates the documentation.
9. It's no secret that young teachers find it difficult to work with their parents.	9. It's no secret that young teachers experience serious difficulties in working with their parents.
10. Reading a novel, you mentally plunge into the life of a patriarchal Russian family.	10. Reading a novel, you mentally plunge into the life of a patriarchal Russian family.
11. The dome of the circus is made of galvanized metal. Upstairs, sprinklers are installed to clean the dome and cool it down - to help the air conditioners, which in the heat will pump coolness into the building.	11. The dome of the circus is made of galvanized metal. Sprinklers have been placed upstairs to cool the dome in extreme heat. Air conditioners will maintain a constant temperature in the circus.

Exercise 16 Evaluate the word usage in an article published in a newspaper. Indicate stylistic errors (inaccurate choice of lexical equivalent, use of a word without taking into account its semantics, violation of compatibility, etc.), edit the text.

Tula gingerbread: sweet, minty.

For fragrant tea - a noble treat

The first mention of gingerbread as a favorite pampering of the Russian people falls on the heyday of trade in Veliky Novgorod. Throughout our thousand-year history, there has not been a single primordially Russian holiday that would have taken place without gingerbread. They were for every taste and color: mint, candy, fresh and with honey. The imagination of the ancient confectioners was played out in earnest, no matter what gingerbread forms they came up with: in the form of bunnies, deer and cockerels.

Back in the last century, at the then popular Nizhny Novgorod fair, the Tula brothers Grechikhins first showed honey gingerbread called "Tula". In terms of taste and unusual hand painting, the Tula miracle turned out to be head and shoulders above its counterparts. From that moment on, the rumor flew about the unusual gingerbread, which after a few years was already being talked about all over Russia. Any large gingerbread with a bizarre pattern and a taste of honey was perceived as "Tula". However, as it turned out, this was not the case at all. Confectioners from all provinces of Russia came to Tula with enviable frequency to learn culinary experience in making gingerbread. But for many, nothing even close to the original did not work. Efforts were in vain.

Being in Tula, the MK correspondents decided to find out if this craft had died at all. Entering one of the branded gingerbread shops (and there are some in Tula), we happened to observe a huge queue for these legendary sweets. One elderly citizen from this line, having laid out the last rubles, considered her purchase with pleasure. We could not resist and did not find out from the grandmother:

• - What, you can’t live without your gingerbread, why are you laying out the last money for them? - And the old woman to us:
• We love our gingerbread. You look, the people in the queue are both old and young, because they come from all over the city. If I had more money, I would eat them every single day, but I didn’t buy this one for myself, but for my granddaughter.

Here, young saleswomen intervened in our dialogue, who rather quickly raked the queue: “You go to our shop and see how we conjure over gingerbread. You won't see a production like this anywhere else."

The entire production of gingerbread ended up in the backyard of the same store. By and large, this cannot be called production either - in two small rooms several women briskly kneaded the dough and smartly molded gingerbread cookies. There are no mechanical lines here, let alone machine tools, all work is completely manual. We arrived just at the moment the evening shift began: the demand for Tula gingerbread is high, so the craftswomen have to work almost around the clock. As soon as we met women, we were immediately awarded with warm gingerbread.

They are made as follows: the ready-made dough is rolled out on the table with rolling pins, these thin pancakes are filled into wooden molds, filled with apple or raspberry jam, covered with thin pancake again, then beaten, and raw gingerbread falls out of the mold. Then he is sent back to the stove, which, judging by its appearance, was used by our ancestors. There was a time when they used charcoal and firewood - then the gingerbread was tastier - then they switched to gas, but the stove does not fail and regularly produces real Tula gingerbread.

As the craftswomen explained to us, the whole secret of the extraordinary taste of gingerbread is buried in this oven and in the fact that they are made by hand. Many have been working here for about twenty years, and each craftswoman puts her whole soul into it. Although at first glance you can’t understand when they manage to put their soul into gingerbread, they fly off too quickly from the hands of craftswomen.

The molds from which the gingerbread is made are still cut by hand by virtuoso masters. The basis of this craft was laid back in the last century by the dynasty of wood carvers of the Sokolov brothers, whose skill was envied by seasoned jewelers.

Before we left the gingerbread paradise, the hostess laid out the entire range of gingerbread that they are currently producing. On the table were gingerbread cookies of the strangest bizarre shapes, with various inscriptions. From the oven we got little gingerbread cookies weighing fifty grams each, and the drawing is also present on them. True, it is better to see it with the help of a magnifying glass.

Finally, the craftswomen dragged out a giant gingerbread from somewhere. Meter fifty and weighing one pood! For them, this is the greatest pride, because this monster, according to them, is the largest and most delicious gingerbread in the whole world.

Exercise 17 Give an assessment of the homonymy that accidentally arose in the speech and the polysemy of words that appeared, noting the ambiguity of the statement, distortion of meaning, inappropriate comedy, pun. Correct the suggestions.

1. The goalkeeper did not hold the ball, but there was no one to finish it off. 2. This is the third meeting the team holds without goals. 3. The judges will now give points. 4. Trees were planted by the hands of the young, flower beds were laid out. 5. Billions of people are lost due to lack of information on transport, on the street, in the store. 6. Mayakovsky wanted to present his work in twenty years. 7. Sitting at the piano for a long time, we steadily moved towards mastery. 8. Archaeologists have noticed that the dead from the southern burial have something in common with the dead from the northern burial. 9. The growth of young skaters is stimulated with the help of demonstration dances. 10. Serik Nurkazov laid the foundation for the victories of our athletes...

And only R. Sebiev stumbled, losing on points to E. Rose. 11. In the remaining month of the year, the staff of the electrical network enterprise undertook to work with even greater tension. 12. The commission found that the carcass of the cow was delivered to the warehouse completely, with the exception of the front legs, which went to the left.

Exercise 18 Analyze the use of polysemantic words and words that have homonyms; indicate the individual-author's homonymy, speech insufficiency, which caused inappropriate puns. Eliminate them.

• 1. For the development of science great importance has the opening of a research institute for the study of mosses and lichens in Yalta. 2. WHO will deliver medical supplies to areas affected by the earthquake. 3. An evening dedicated to the Russian language will be held on Saturday morning. 4. Powerful fish processing floating bases release fish products directly into the sea. 5. Worker of housing and communal services Bat in the spring built such a house, which is suitable not only for parking a car, but also for housing. 6. On the basis of the research of our laboratory, a pilot plant is being built. 7. Family outbreaks are usually caused by parents who carry the flu on their feet. 8. It has been established that the weavers of the seventh corps use wedding blankets as covers for looms. 9. The ticket is valid only for washing one person (announcement in the bathhouse).
• 10. The windows were left unglazed, because the supplier did not go to the supply manager and did not knock out all the glass that was needed to complete the work. 11. You see on the screen Gavrilov in a beautiful combination... .12. The foreman forces the collective farm shepherd to graze his four heads. 13. 51 cows fall on one operator. 14. The calves themselves, well-fed, cheerful, say with all their appearance that they feel good here. 15. The doctor's duty is not to dismiss the patient, but to bring him to the end. 16. The child requires the care of the mother. 17. The rectum has no secrets. 18. Let's wait what the survey data will show. 19. My husband and I do not live well, on one salary. 20. And under the window, breathing a little, the poor artist is standing (A. A. Voznesensky).

Exercise 19 Indicate the reasons for the occurrence of illogicality, ambiguity, ambiguity and comicality of the statement; highlight the words that have become the source of involuntary puns.

• 1. Our chess player lagged behind her rival in development. 2. On the evening of that day, the writer left for Moscow. 3. The company has a light newspaper, which reflects the life of the best teams. 4. Again, the workers of the boiler house, who are still working with a chill, turned out to be not up to the task before them. 5. On the wall is a chart showing the growth of pigs on the farm over the past three years. 6. Despite serious financial difficulties this year, Aeroflot managed to keep the passenger flow at a high level. 7. A competition is announced between classes for the best knitting for children.
• 8. Gogol's "nose" is filled with rich content. 9. The speaker stated: "I have been moved around the apparatus all my life." 10. There are few pleasures left in the life of veterans, and the biggest thing is to sit. 11. The Hungarian public was captivated by boys and girls in Ukrainian costumes. 12. The head of cattle daily gains weight by an average of 516 grams. 13. Reproduction time from 15 to 17 (announcement about work with a copier).
• 14. Wings for Moskvich are for sale (announcement).

Exercise 20 Analyze the stylistic correction of the sentences, name the errors eliminated by the editor. If you disagree with him, offer your options.

Unedited text	Edited text
1. Personally, I don’t see anything bad in this but good.	1. I don't see anything wrong with that. Or: I think that this is not bad, but, on the contrary, good.
2. Due to the poor development of this method, its evaluation is premature.	2. Due to the poor development of this method, its evaluation is premature.
3. A careful study of the issue has widely revealed many bottlenecks, shortcomings and shortcomings in the work of the miners.	3. A careful examination revealed many shortcomings in the work of the miners.
4. The girl was wearing a torn dress and big little shoes.	4. The girl was wearing a torn dress and trampled children's shoes.

6. The liquid in the walls of the capillary falls to a height determined by the formula.	6. The liquid in the walls of the capillary drops to the level determined by the formula.
7. We know that the ancestors of A. S. Pushkin are still alive.	7. We know that the descendants of A. S. Pushkin are still alive.
8. This work of Gogol was appreciated not only by the writer's contemporaries, but also by his predecessors.	8. This work of Gogol was appreciated not only by the writer's contemporaries, but also by his successors, followers.
9. Not only is our standard of living not rising, but it is constantly decreasing.	9. Our standard of living is not only not rising, but is constantly decreasing.
10. To the question why in February the decrease in milk yield increases every day, Molotova answered ...	10. When asked why milk yields are decreasing every day in February, Molotova answered ...
11. These memories are directed not only to the past, but also to the future.	11. These thoughts are not only turned to the past, but also directed to the future.

Exercise 21 Compare offers; analyze the editor's stylistic changes, name the errors he eliminated. In case of disagreement with the editor, offer your version of the edit.

Unedited text	Edited text
1. Is it possible to be indifferent to evil?	1. Can we look with indifference at the evil we face?
2. The seller can be picked up in the village itself.	2. A person for the position of a seller can be found among the inhabitants of the village.
3. It has long been written that the defense of our football teams is lame.	3. We have already written that the defense of our football teams plays poorly.
4. Various construction and assembly organizations take part in the construction of the paint factory.	4. Various construction and installation organizations are involved in the construction of a paint factory.
5. The rainier the year, the more failures.	5. The rainier the year, the more often there are soil failures.
6. The forest landscapes of Southeast Asia are characterized by gliding animals.	6. The forests of Southeast Asia are characterized by animals that glide in the air while jumping.

7. If you manage to get to the rear of the bearded herd leaders, then you can jump out onto the path and shoot the flow of animals flowing around you.	7. A herd of animals can be successfully photographed if you go to it from the rear, passing the bearded leaders.
8. Looking through the canvases of Ivanov scattered in various museums, one is amazed at the gigantic work of the artist invested in the work.	8. Carefully studying the canvases of Ivanov, which are in different museums, one is amazed at the enormous work invested by the artist in the paintings.
9. During the year of study, we lost six students.	9. In one academic year, six students were expelled from the institute.
10. By evening, our artists will organize a thematic exhibition.	10. By the gala evening, our artists will organize a thematic exhibition.
11. This year, Aeroflot managed to keep the flow of passengers at a high level.	11. Aeroflot services were used by a large number of passengers this year.
12. Archaeologists have noticed that the dead from the southern burial have something in common with the dead from the northern burial.	12. Archaeologists have noticed many similarities in the southern and northern burials.

Exercise 22. Compare sentences; analyze the stylistic revision; give me your edits.

Unedited text	Edited text
1. The main theme of the works created by the writer in these years is the struggle of his people for freedom and independence.	1. The main theme of the works created by the writer in these years is the struggle of his people for freedom and independence.
2. Loudspeakers, pressure gauges were reasonably mounted. “This is a new creation of Babenko,” Medvedev explained.	2. Speakers and pressure gauges were successfully installed. "This is new job Babenko,” Medvedev explained.
3. The flu is highly contagious and should not be carried on foot.	3. Influenza is a contagious disease, so patients should be isolated.
4. It is necessary to instill in the child the rules of personal hygiene when dealing with animals.	4. It is necessary to teach the child to wash his hands after he played with a cat or dog.
5. This quarter we started producing gingerbread with names	5. This quarter, we began to release new high-quality

new varieties: "Moscow", "Chocolate", "Russian". They have excellent qualities.	quality varieties of gingerbread: "Moscow", "Chocolate", "Russian".
6. To create a well-fed wintering for public animal husbandry is the first task of field breeders.	6. Now the main task of field farmers is to provide public livestock with fodder for the winter.
7. It is not the desire for external efficiency that guides the writer's pen, but the desire to reveal the meaning of what is happening deeper and brighter.	7. It is not the pursuit of external effects that guides the writer's pen, but the desire to penetrate deeper into the essence of the events depicted.
8. In the visual arts, in traditions, legends, folk tales, such as the ruins of Kalevala, we find traces of the culture of the ancient world.	8. Fine arts, oral folk art, for example, the runes of the Kalevala, brought to us evidence of the ancient world.
9. Interesting examples of these stories are found in the Hindu epic and Greek mythology.	9. Interesting examples of these stories are found in the Indian epic and Greek mythology.
10. Studying the personality of an actor, the make-up artist is the first to penetrate into his spiritual world.	10. Studying the actor's face, the make-up artist first penetrates into his spiritual world.
11. The entertainer stands in front of the microphone, and friendly laughter is heard in the hall.	11. Entertainers approach the microphone, and laughter rises in the hall.
12. The mask tightly covers the goalkeeper's face.	12. The mask reliably protects the goalkeeper's face.
13. Every month, two innovations proposed by our group appear in the shop.	13. Every month, our group introduces two technical innovations in the workshop.
14. No sooner had the church bell rung than the people moved towards the city square.	14. No sooner had the church bell rung than the people moved towards the town square.
15. Petrova's painting is on every second marriage certificate issued in the city over the past five years.	15. Petrova's signature affixes every second marriage certificate issued in the city over the past five years.

Exercise 23 Highlight the emotionally expressive vocabulary and phraseology and give a stylistic assessment of their use in a newspaper article. In case of disagreement with the author and the editor who released the material, offer your own revision of the text, explaining the corrections.

Dedicated to the five-year plan of Russian reforms

Didn't you see - there, on the streets, flags were not hung in the morning? Not?

But in vain. By the way, yesterday was a very remarkable day - exactly five years ago, the relatively young and relatively frisky Russian President Boris Yeltsin did two historic things.

First, he formed the so-called. "reform cabinet" - headed by himself. Yegor Gaidar and Gennady Burbulis became deputy prime ministers.

Secondly, the president signed a package of decrees on "the real transition of the country to a market economy." And thus drove an aspen stake into the state planning system ...

Five years is so much... We have already forgotten those times. When the colossus of the USSR, which was collapsing before our eyes, could easily crush the new Russia. Huge external debt Union, the colossal unprofitability of enterprises, a subsidized syringe for most industries, rising inflation ... One can evaluate the work of the “reform cabinet” in different ways - call them “patriots of their country” or “bandits who robbed their citizens”, but we admit to ourselves: They saved Russia then.

Five years is so little... But depending on how you measure it. The once-famous "tobacco riots", endless lines for vodka and sausage can now only be seen in a nightmare. When today's communists yell about cheap prices and high pensions under Soviet rule, it's not a bad idea to remind them that during their 70 years of rule, their party could only achieve a general deficit. Food, water, toilet paper... What's the point of money if there's nothing to buy with it? But, on the other hand, the standard of living, for example, is clearly not in favor of the Democrats. Over the years, there has been a sharp stratification Russian society- the very rich and the very poor. In the absence of a middle class.

In the same November 1991, Yeltsin signed a decree according to which all foreign exchange rates officially set by the State Bank were cancelled. Market demand has become the only regulator of the price of the dollar. However, a few years later, the course was first driven into the so-called “corridor”, setting the maximum limits for fluctuations, and then they started talking about its rigid fixation.

In the same November, Yeltsin banned payments for goods and services in any currency other than the national one. And also not for long...

Step forward, half step back. And sometimes both. The half-heartedness of the reforms, their chronic incompleteness led to the fact that, having not achieved economic stabilization, we finally slid down in terms of production and living standards. Ending up somewhere near Upper Volta. With the difference that we can’t count on bananas falling from palm trees. Peculiarities of national residence - mostly troubles fall on our heads ...

The most interesting thing is that the course of reforms has been partially held back all this time by the president's constant shyness - from one comrade-in-arms to another and back. Where are the majority of those who were together with Yeltsin in the 91 government now? Where. That's it...

(Ryazhsky Yu. Captain, all sharks are aware... // MK. The article is abbreviated).

An exercise 24. In an excerpt from an article by a lawyer published in the Trud newspaper, highlight the slang vocabulary. Try to find synonyms for the words you have highlighted. Determine how stylistically motivated their use is in the context. For reference, refer to explanatory dictionaries.

"Godfathers", "bumps" and others

We bring to the attention of readers a story about the so-called "generals" of the underworld. Its author is a professional lawyer; for many years he studied the morals that prevail among convicted criminals.

Crime is always heinous and terrible, but the retribution for it is no less terrible: those who get here are daily deprived of human dignity by cellmates and camp inmates...

Only at the first and inexperienced glance, identically dressed convicts seem to be a one-faced mass. In fact, this is a whole world with its own hierarchy, traditions, struggle of interests and ambition. The part of colonial life that is controlled by the administration and regulated by internal regulations is only the tip of the iceberg.

"Cream" of the criminal world - "thieves in law". There are very few of them.<...>It is noteworthy that only other "authorities" who have gathered for the "gangway" have the right to assign the title of thieves.<...>

Until recently, a thief in law, under the threat of deprivation of his title and eternal disgrace, was obliged to strictly observe traditions.<...>It was shameful for a thief to acquire movable and immovable property - he had to drink everything he got with style or hand it over to the “common fund”, from where, being aground, he himself could scoop almost like from an open bank account. Now the thieves' laws have largely lost their force. Thieves of a new formation, especially natives of the southern republics, behave as they like: they buy mansions and Mercedes, go to the service of shadow millionaires, and get married.<...>

Below are ordinary thieves, who in the colonies are called “negative” or “wool”. They are about 15 percent of the total number of convicts. The life credo of "denial" is to counteract the demands of the administration and, conversely, to do everything that the authorities forbid. In each colony, the "denial" is headed by the "godfather of the zone", with him there are henchmen - "torpedoes". There was a conflict between the convicts, they suspected someone of squealing or stealing from their own, someone did not pay someone a card debt - they go to the “godfather” and his entourage for “analysis”.

In parallel with the "denial" there is another elite, another government - activists supported by the administration. They are called "bumps" or "horns".

And at the base of the colonial pyramid - the bulk of the convicts: "muzhiks", "hard workers".<...>

There are, however, people who have it much worse than the "hard workers".

These are “roosters”, “offended”, “lowered”.

An exercise 25. In excerpts from an article published in Izvestia, indicate the colloquial and slang vocabulary. Note its quotation and inclusion in the author's speech. Evaluate the use of non-literary words and expressions.

How I was a "loho"

In Perm, I cut my hair.<...>The hand of a provincial master in twenty minutes made a local hooligan out of a capital journalist - a short-haired “brother” was looking at me from the looking glass. After the hairdresser's and in the regional prosecutor's office, and in the department of internal affairs, I certainly proved my belonging to Izvestia with the crusts of my service certificate.

Then he read the testimonies of hired killers, the protocols of interrogations of witnesses and victims, soaking in the manners, tricks and vocabulary of the criminal world. This is probably what saved me later.<...>

I'm a sucker I have organized gamblers with me in the car, who will now drag me into a game that I will never win. Outside the window, the forest and still morning twilight. I notice that the car is moving along the half-empty highway at the slowest speed. Looking over the driver's shoulder, the speedometer reads fifty. That's right, the driver is "in business", and his task is to "pull the rubber" while I am "bred in words" and dragged into the game. I have long known about the gambling mafia that picks up customers at airports - I read somewhere, heard from someone, but I never met nose to nose. I wonder how they'll make me play?<...>- Do you feel sorry for a hundred thousand, banker? - the big man addresses me. And then to the driver: - Listen, boss, stop for half an hour, we'll play. The driver seemed to be waiting for this command, and the car parks on the side of the forest.<...>

The gamblers were taken aback: who was "hit"? I, continuing to demonstrate my knowledge of the Russian language of the "era of change", try to open my door - it's useless. The left rear, as is often the case in a taxi, is tightly blocked, and then I start pushing the players sitting in front of me. I rest against the door with my back, with my feet against the tall one.

And suddenly I feel that I am falling into the void. The locked door does not hold out, swings open, and I fall out onto the asphalt (S. Kiselev).

Exercise 26 Assess the use of different-style vocabulary in a newspaper article. Highlight book words, colloquial, jargon, foreign inclusions. To determine the expressive coloring of words, use marks in explanatory dictionaries. If you find the style of the article unacceptable, offer your own version by rewriting the author's text.

Doctor doctor strife "Zhivago" in Moscow did not heal

Since last weekend Capa Delovaya, quite unexpectedly and extremely unusual for herself, was poisoned by expired canned food (as a result of which the next issue of Megahouse had to be postponed) and almost “spread” (as the characters of one newfangled little book say), but that no less managed to contemplate the main party-musical event of the same weekend in her still sane mind and body - the concert, so to speak, the second star of the European "Dream-music" group "Doctor Zhivago" after Robert Miles. The fraternal “Megahouse” and the personally beloved section “Soundtrack” undertook to publish the extreme maxims caused by this show of Kapin.

First. To be honest, the Zhi-vago tour organizers happily set me up to receive a special exclusive interview from the Doctor, but ... after watching a 15-minute (!) performance of the group at the Youth Palace, I resolutely pushed myself away from this very interview. Since all the confused questions prepared by me disappeared by themselves at the sight of a clumsy girl who obviously tried to do near-fashionable steps with her not very straight legs, accompanied by an obviously sex-men of the new ballet composition to the soundtrack of the popular “Celebrate Love”. By the way, only the cheapest singers can afford near-homosexual ballet on our stage at the moment - this is very unstylish and unfashionable.

Second. “This is not “plywood”! - yelled the organizers of the tour. - She sings to a backing track. Wow, what a voice!" Well, I don’t know, I still have big doubts about the backing track, although, obviously, the organizers advertised Zhi-vago as the only “label” of the Dream-music galaxy that performs live.

But that's not the point. My question is: “Did you yourself read the cult novel by Pasternak before you called yourself pseudo-Russian?” - became very stupid and extremely inappropriate at the sight of how the Turkish soloist Elise Yavuz yells into the microphone for 10 minutes: “Uya-ya-ya-piff” - and at the same time produces a sexual concussion with a part of the body just above the legs.

Third. The tour of the second largest "star" of European youth music consisted of 2 (!) gizmos - his own super single "Celebrate Love" and the new MTV-ish single "Dreamer"

• (in the video version, with the participation of the sexiest male models from Calvin Klein, Gianni Versace, Bruce Weber - that is, very super fashionable).
• For 10 minutes, Elise Yavuz was spinning on the MDM stage, after which the disappointed fashionable youth (who scraped off 100 thousand rubles for an entrance ticket to MDM) began to yell something indecent: they say, is that all? “What else did they want for 7 thousand dollars ?!” - advanced and, apparently, very knowledgeable dancing girls from the party answered them. (Here's a ballpark answer about the stellar price list.)

Exercise 27 Give a stylistic assessment of the use of words with different expressive colors; highlight the dialect and special vocabulary. Edit the phenologist's note for the newspaper.

The mediterranean colds, nicknamed among the people by Timofeev, came right in hand. They cracked and shivered to glory. This winter has not missed a single of its original frost, it has marked everything according to the calendar. Noble, ardent, truly Russian winter!

Ponds and streams are tightly closed. And the ice sheet is getting thicker. It is especially impressive in areas with blown snow. Settling, the ice presses on the surface of the water, cracking with a rumble. Polynyas have been drawn in, holes and holes are overgrowing. The most severe test for freshwater inhabitants is coming - the threat of death. An acute lack of oxygen can cause irreparable damage to a plant pond. Usually in February, lakes and ponds are just “burning”. Where does the oxygen go? Why exactly is it missing? The answer is elementary: in a deadly reservoir, oxygen is “eaten up” by rotting organic residue.

In the water, the threshold value of survival is still preserved, and the fish is already panicking, giving a distress signal. But here the water becomes more rotten, acquiring a heavy hydrogen sulfide smell. Further, if urgent measures are not taken, zamora phenomena will come.

People have been coming to the rescue of fish for a long time. On the "burning" reservoirs, they cut holes, letting in fresh air through these life-giving windows. Nature lovers take care to increase the flow of a lake or pond. And now water is aerated with the help of silent machines, preventing blockage phenomena. Where people rush to the rescue of the fish, there the inhabitants' winter hut ends happily.

An exercise 28. Read the material presented in the manuscript. Indicate lexical errors, style errors, semantic inaccuracies. Perform editing-processing notes for publication in the newspaper.

The youngest restaurant "Lesnaya Bibl", opened in the fashionable hotel "Rossiyanin", has three halls. Each is planned in its own way, and they are united by a fashionable finish and design: soft milky-white marble walls, patterned lattices wrought from blackened metal, artistic tapestries and panels made to a specialized order. Giant carpets, each "circulation" in one copy, reproduce paintings ancient Russia. All accessories of the interior are made flawlessly, at a high artistic level.

The fourth banquet hall, prepared for family holidays and celebrations, banquets and friendly meetings, has its own flavor. The walls of the hall are lined with pink tuff mined in Armenia. The original lamp is made in the form of a floating boat, on which chains of colored porcelain candles are fixed. None is like the other, each is unique, one of a kind. The new restaurant "Lesnaya Byl" is the 28th public catering enterprise opened in the anniversary year in our city.

"Forest Story" hospitably invites guests to taste specialties of Russian cuisine and have fun with the cheerful music of the orchestra.

Exercise 29 Evaluate the language and style of the above passage from the manuscript of the young author's story. Name speech errors and offer options for stylistic editing of individual phrases.

At night, after many hours, the sobbing of the rain began to subside. Most of the night I listened half asleep as the cold monotony of the rain beat against the window glass of my room. The soul-rending howl of the wind whipped every minute somewhere high in the air, and the water was melodiously agitated, moving its quick palms along the glass. Then again the echoes outside faded dully.

My soul, mournfully conscious of the whole world in itself, was here between the sheets, as between people. Dawn, as well as happiness, was late.

This waiting time seemed to drag on indefinitely.

May dawn and happiness never come! I would be spared the disappointment.

And again I heard echoes from outside: echoes of the noise of a belated car passing near my house. Its noise rose from the depths of the street, exploded with a roar under my window and disappeared at the other end, drowned at the end of a dream that did not come. From time to time, front doors slammed somewhere. Sometimes I could hear thumping footsteps on the pavement. Sometimes it was a lot of steps. They echoed loudly and crashed into the stillness of my waiting.

Then silence returned, and the rain continued to fall. When I opened my eyes from an imaginary dream, fragments of dreams about the future floated along the walls, faintly visible in the darkness of the room, splashed light, even lights and some pieces of nothingness that moved up and down.

The furniture was now larger than daylight and seemed like absurd patches of darkness. The door seemed to change its color, and I could not distinguish the windows at all, I only heard him. The rain began to beat harder again.

Exercise 30. Analyze the use of lexical means by the author of the note. Point out stylistic errors in word usage, edit the text.

Difficulties of miners

"Skull-Coal" is one of the lagging behind in the Tula-Coal-Trust Combine. Here they have resigned themselves to the largest defects in their work, the mines are working below their capabilities. The trust is not fulfilling its program, the debt is growing, there are no funds for salaries. What are the reasons for the backwardness of the plant? All this is due to the low organization of labor in the mines and the depletion of coal reserves, non-payment of wages.

Increasing labor productivity, concern for the economic attitude to equipment, and the material well-being of the miners went out of sight of the leadership.

You will come to the face, - says the tunneller of the fourth section, I. N. Stolyarov, - but it has not yet been prepared. The untimely delivery of fastening material, frequent accidents with mechanisms, and clutter of drifts greatly slow down the work.

The organization of labor of auxiliary workers also wishes much better. Nobody leads them. Most drains are used for other purposes.

Due to the lack of day-to-day monitoring of mining supervision over coal excavation, blockages have become a common occurrence in the mine, which is a threat to the lives of miners.

Mismanagement, negligent attitude to the equipment at the mine are striking even to the undemanding observer.

The leaders of the trust look at all this with good will, they have resigned themselves to it and cannot do anything to improve the situation.

The miners tried to go on strike, they were starving. But that won't fix the situation. All the hope of the miners is on decisive measures of the government, which must take some measures to overcome the crisis.

Exercise 31 Indicate occasionalisms, highlighting words built according to models of book word formation, and those that include colloquial and colloquial affixes. Give a stylistic assessment of occasional word formation as a source of speech expression, noting the author's findings and failures. In case of a negative assessment of occasional word formation, offer a variant of stylistic editing of the text.

• 3. Leftism and rightism in all possible shades (S.P. Antonov). 4. Later, I experienced more than once the devastation of anger, desensitization by rage (S. A. Voronin). 5. As soon as there was a weak trill, the door swung open (Yu. M. Nagibin). 6. The sky around parted, gently brightened and now spilled onto the forest, onto the clearing, onto the white boil of flowers with a quivering smoky, blue light fall (E. I. Nosov). 7. The Desna swirled with mist at dawn and cold (E. I. Nosov). 8. Onega, getting dark before winter, walked between the islands (E. I. Nosov). 9. The prosecutor, after a silence that lasted two seconds, during which he shook his face and somehow puffed himself up, announced ... (Yu. V. Trifonov)
• 10. The mother was not exactly offended, but dried up in her eyes (A. Kharchikov). 11. The whole stone mass around and below was fragile, unsteady, in hidden internal tension, tending to the limit (Yu. M. Nagibin). 12. “Mine! My! My!" And so everyone froze - even shout the guard (E. Permyak). 13. Idiocy ... universal stupidity! Pnizm and more! (Yu. V. Bondarev) 14. It was said about Amfiteatrov that because of the huge amount of material that he published in the newspaper, the newspaper fell ill with “perepheletonitis” (L. N. Andreev).
• 15. Do you have such a medicine - anti-love? (from the newspapers) 16. Pishkino's eye constantly kept some kind of mysterious fun and winked all the time (M. N. Alekseev). 17. This is no longer just delicacy, but something beyond, super, extra ("LG"), 18. Behind each line, phrase - a huge erudition, "watchfulness" ("LG"). 19. - Who are you really? - Naturalist, - Andron answers good-naturedly. - How how? - Seryozha does not understand. - Well, I look at life naturally. Without any embellishment (A. Likhanov). 20. There were “writers” in the workshop - they were always writing about something (“LG”), 21. Alexander understood that, perhaps, it was not the meaning of his words, but their very sound would suddenly turn out to be like this say, "sound therapy". Yes, and all this is “business therapy” for himself (“LG”). 22. Is it really possible in our age to assault, assault, umbrella assault? (V. S. Shefner).

The dollar was born a thaler

What does the monogram symbolizing the American dollar mean? The monogram - the symbol of the American dollar $ - means the incomplete name of the country (USA) - U (nited) S (tates). The history of the origin of the monogram is very interesting. The fact is that in the American colonies, the Spanish peso (peso) was in circulation, which had several names: the British called it the Spanish dollar, the Germans - the Spanish thaler, the Italians - piastres, literally "a plate of silver." The same piastre was called the “pillar piastre”, since it depicted two pillars of Hercules intertwined with ribbons in the form of a figure eight. Subsequently, the American dollar, replacing the "pillar piastres", denoted by the sign $, transferred this sign to itself, although the meaning of the monogram began to denote U (nited) S (tates), i.e. United States.

The word "dollar" comes from the abbreviated name of the town in New England (USA) Joachimstalle (Yachimov), where silver mines were located and in 1518 Joachimstalers were minted, which later turned into dollars (from newspapers).

Exercise 33. Read the article and highlight the borrowed words, distinguishing between: vocabulary that has an unlimited scope of use (including internationalisms), borrowings that have an organic scope of use (including terms, jargon, exoticisms, foreign inclusions). How motivated, in your opinion, is the use of borrowed words in the published article? Suggest your own version of individual statements, if you think it is necessary.

Olivier Lapidus staged a virtual reality show

Couturiers are people too, and after all the hassle called High Fashion Week, they need to rest. In addition, the current visits are a great opportunity to see exotic Moscow for them, and each of them comes off in its own way. Roberto Covalli, for example, has already been inspired by the Armory and the Kremlin. Loris Azzaro rushed to the Bolshoi Theater for the "Marriage of Figaro" and a concert of the brass band of the same theater. Either he was very fond of wind music, or does he want to examine the gilded balconies better?

But the most original act was the handsome man and the dream of all unmarried countesses and duchesses, along with the daughters of European billionaires Olivier Lapidus. This autumn, the thirty-eight-year-old couturier is in Moscow for the second time. A month ago, he sat on the jury of the Albo-Fashion festival of avant-garde collections. Each of his visits breaks new hearts of fashion models and journalists, maids, cleaners and waitresses - like a true Frenchman, he is kind to everyone ...

This time, darling Lapidus decided to give a reception in honor of the Moscow silver youth, whose extravagance he was so imbued with at Albo-Fashion. Wanted and gave. A private party at the Mirage brought together young fashion designers, models, journalists and other near-fashionable people. Olivier was, as usual, very democratic and was photographed in an embrace right and left. Popped in for a minute and Valentin Yudashkin to congratulate a colleague on the New Product. But the fact is that Lapidus came up with the idea of ​​never again showing his ready-to-wear collections. That is, haute couture - haute couture, but ready-to-wear he will now release as an innovator on CD-Rom - this is the New Product.

The presentation in Paris will take place only in two weeks, and in Moscow he spoke about this novelty now. A special computer version of the show has just been made, in which one young French actress showed all the models. The music for this project was written by the famous composer Malcolm McLaren. So clients and the press will now receive new Olivier collections exclusively virtually. (From newspapers)

Exercise 34 Specify stylistic shortcomings in the use of word-building resources of the Russian language when creating neologisms and other speech errors; edit sentences.

liya. 5. Everything that could be “squeezed”, “brightened” was done expediently within the framework of the script. 6. “There is nothing to be principled on nonsense,” thought the artistic director and made such a suggestion... 7. Each communication line in our system was duplicated and trobled. 8. During this time, our skaters and skaters managed to thoroughly test the ice, “slip”. 9. Under the new conditions, the bribe-intensiveness of universities, where military departments will be closed, should decrease. 10. Giving a bribe as an art (article title).

11. It is necessary to strongly condemn both bribery and bribery. 12. Susanin has become a brand of Kostroma, now they began to actively promote him on Unity Day on November 4, 2005 (from a TV report). The landlord always protects his own benefit. 14. Can I start? All mics? (TV) .15. We have completed the work of exhuming folklore. 16. The activity of the editorial office to clarify the texts is limited by the loss of part of the manuscripts. 17. The winners of the tender were a consortium of Western and Russian banks headed by CS First Boston. RAO's image has been seriously damaged, as has the prestige of its main shareholder, the state. 18. He devoted twenty years of his autobiography to breeding new varieties of strawberries. 19. The year has not yet ended, and the alcohol confiscated has already amounted to 180 thousand liters of vodka, whiskey and other strong drinks. The heads of the customs of Stockholm decided not to pour contraband drinks into the drains, but to let them do something more useful. The debut will be 2,500 liter bottles of "illegal" vodka from Lithuania. 20. Ivanov worked for a long time as a steward on sightseeing flights along the Volga and knows which of the saints is the chief of our sailors.

An exercise 35. In the following excerpts from the correspondence published in the newspaper, highlight the foreign words and their exoticisms. Try to find Russian synonyms for them. Give a stylistic assessment of the use of lexical means by correspondents. Make stylistic changes if necessary.

I. After the scandalous postponement of the start of the trial of the founder and leader of the AUM Shinrikyo sect Shoko Asahara, which happened in October last year, a dense procedural fog hung over the prospect of a speedy and righteous trial. The first glimpses of it appeared only now, three months after the autumn lining. As announced in Tokyo, intensive negotiations are underway between Asahara's lawyer team and the courts, the purpose of which is to set a new date for the start of the process. Even a specific date and month is called - April 25th.

Against such a background, the "investigative fate" of Asahara personally and even the upcoming verdict are of concern to few. The Japanese finally lost faith in the "charisma" of the guru after another portion of his unfulfilled prophecies - in November, the shocks promised by the leader of "AUM Shinrikyo" did not happen in Japan, Asahara himself did not merge with God, although he promised to do this no later than last autumn. This last "deceit" especially upset the gullible fellow citizens.

II. “After we inflicted a crushing defeat on the Taliban at the entrance to the Panjshir Gorge, people everywhere began to take up arms and join our fight,” says Massoud. - We offered the Taliban to voluntarily leave the city, we ourselves also do not intend to repeat their mistakes and act against own people. Our position is to solve the problem through negotiations. But if the Taliban refuse our offer, then the combined forces will be forced to look for other options.

Pakistan has long been trying to bring its mercenaries to power in our country. Practically without any reason, the Pakistanis have provoked and continue to support hostilities on our territory.

• Hundreds of athletes from many countries of the world will start in Grenoble.
• The fact that the exhibition "Mayakovsky in Paris" was honored in the capital of France with such attention, such an abundance of visitors, such an interest on the part of the French in the poet, is not quite usual. 3. The main condition for the successful work of any permanent commission is to act in close contact with those organizations whose activities are under its control and assistance. 4. The leading role in the activity of this youth organization is played by its attitude towards work. 5. He began to write songs in his deep youth, and only now glory fell upon his gray-haired head. 6. He set so many world records that only people remember them.
• The direction of economic development in the 20th century, both in our country and in the West, took a wrong direction. 2. Plowing under sugar beets is carried out by tractor plows, and the best quality plowing is achieved by tractor plows with skimmers, so that at present sugar beet is plowed with P-5-35 plows with skimmers. 3. Our program is dedicated to the work of veterans of technical creativity. 4. The act is not signed, but a copy is signed, but on the copy that is signed, it is written that it was rewritten from the original, which is not signed. 5. Today we have a guest from Akmolinsk. 6. He was so sick that he constantly caught colds and was sick. 7. We are in front of making decisive decisions. 8. A strange situation has developed: according to this
• WHO - World Health Organization.
• His eyes were bright, smiling, with a squint (M. A. Konovalov). 2. The old man is not allowed to leave, he lives in the country all year round (from newspapers).
• The work is weak, but this pseudo-deep play is replete with quasi-no way out positions. 2. The more the young author persists in the uniqueness of themes, the more inevitably he imitates. 3. Feuilletonists strive to make dry, anemic material laugh. 4. It is possible to enliven a non-artistic fact, but for this the author will need to apply titanium efforts

Exercise 14 Indicate lexical errors in the following sentences, while highlighting cases of violation of semantic and grammatical compatibility. Edit sentences.

1. Young birch oak grove turned green outside the outskirts.
2. Children pronounce a poem, standing scattered.
3. The movie "The Return of the Black Blonde" is in theaters.
4. The bus was so crowded that someone suggested: "Stand flat, then it will be freer!".
5. Records continue.
6. Suddenly she noticed: a cat is walking along the corridor on tiptoe.
7. Most of the time passes fruitlessly.
8. The teacher suggested that we write a test orally.
9. At the zoo, a small kangaroo sat in a cage and cleaned its feathers.
10. There is a monstrous improvement in living conditions.
11. The experience of recent years inevitably shows the correctness of these gloomy forecasts.
12. Widespread testing of this vitamin bioactive cream has led to extremely positive results.
13. The stranger mounted a horse and rode on foot.
14. A three-year-old Parisian sits barefoot in the sandbox and, digging in the sand, wears with grace and ease the simplest soiled dress. Who taught her grace?
15. From fatigue, my body gave way on my feet.
16. The restaurant was filled with a cheerful hubbub, the guitar sobbed angrily, the drum groaned.
17. Several new businesses and public transport have appeared in our town.
18. Stand still and do not wave your eyes (from the speech of a kindergarten teacher).
19. This is how I clench my fists on my arms and legs! (child speech)
20. Yesterday I took a plane and flew to Moscow (from the speech of a foreigner).

Exercise 1. Evaluate the use of lexical means in the above sentences; indicate the use of the word without taking into account its semantics, anachronism, euphemistic speech, ambiguity of the statement, distortion of meaning, absurdity and comicality of speech.

1. Decade Uzbek cuisine in the restaurant will be held for five days: from 1 to 5 September. 2. Moral and material measures taken encouragement the desired result was not brought to negligent workers. 3. On the exam, he mixed up not only all the myths, but also surnames ancient heroes and gods. 4. From the end of the VI century BC. stream of Greek tourists rushed to Egypt. 5. There are still shortcomings in our work that prevent us from successfully overcoming the backlog. 6. Uncomfortable in the assembly shop, it is in disrepair. 7. Farmers don't pay enough big attention to fertilizing the fields. 8. Moscow radio broadcast chess moves for five months on these two continent- Arctic and Antarctic. 9. During February in the Moscow region, the duration days increase by 2 hours. 10. Good employees in our company are rewarded Board of Honor.

Exercise 2. Indicate the words, the use of which leads to a violation of lexical compatibility, correct speech errors.

1. The author of the reader has not compiled an annotation yet. (The author of the anthology has not yet compiled a thematic plan. The compilers of the anthology have not yet come up with an annotation). 2. Crowded evenings are held in the factory club. (Evenings are held in the factory club.) 3. We wished the organizers to organize such evenings more often. (We advised the organizers to hold such evenings more often.) 4. Harvesting is in full swing in the village. (Harvesting is proceeding at a fast pace in the village) 5. Shevchenko opened the beginning of the harvest last year, working on the harvest; the same honor is entrusted to him today. (Shevchenko opened the beginning of the harvest last year, working on the reaper of bread; the same honor was entrusted to him this year as well) 6. Increasing the protein content of grain poses great difficulties for researchers. (Increasing the protein content of grain poses great challenges for researchers) 7. Two birds do not live in the same lair. (Two birds do not live in the same nest) 8. The Book Fair hospitably invites publishers and authors to visit the pavilions. (The book fair invites visitors.) 9. Athletes "Kolos" established 32 new achievements of the region. (Athletes of "Kolos" set 32 ​​regional records) 10. In the magazine I read a big discussion about the role of a father in raising his children. (I read a long article in a magazine about the role of the father in raising children) 11. This policy is already bearing fruit. (This policy is already bearing fruit) 12. Much attention will be paid to the improvement of the city. (Much attention is paid to the improvement of the city.) 13. We give priority to this issue. (We give priority to this issue) 14. Our farmers have won the world record for wool shearing from fine wool sheep. (Our farmers have set a world record for shearing wool from a fine-fleeced sheep) 15. The vast majority of those present understood this topic. (Most of those present understood this topic.

Exercise 3. Indicate lexical errors in the following sentences, while highlighting cases of violation of semantic and grammatical compatibility. Edit sentences.

1. Young birch oak grove turned green outside the outskirts. (A young birch grove turned green beyond the outskirts.)

2. Children pronounce a poem, standing scattered. (Children stand scattered and read a poem.)

3. The movie "The Return of the Black Blonde" is in theaters. (The Tall Blonde Returns is in theaters.)

4. The bus was so crowded that someone suggested: "Stand flat, then it will be freer!". (The bus was so crowded that someone suggested: “Lie flat, then you will be freer!”.)

5. Records continue. (Records are being set.)

6. Suddenly she noticed: a cat is walking along the corridor on tiptoe. (Suddenly she noticed: a cat was sneaking along the corridor.)

7. Most of the time passes fruitlessly. (Most of the time goes by without a trace.)

8. The teacher suggested that we write a test orally. (The teacher suggested that we do the test orally.)

9. At the zoo, a small kangaroo sat in a cage and cleaned its feathers. (At the zoo, a small kangaroo sat in a cage and cleaned its fur.)

10. There is a monstrous improvement in living conditions. (There is a significant improvement in living conditions.)

11. The experience of recent years inevitably shows the correctness of these gloomy forecasts. (The experience of recent years convincingly proves the validity of these gloomy predictions.)

12. Widespread testing of this vitamin bioactive cream has led to extremely positive results. (Extensive trials of the vitamin-bioactive cream have produced very positive results.)

13. The stranger mounted a horse and rode on foot. (The stranger mounted a horse and rode.)

14. A three-year-old Parisian sits barefoot in the sandbox and, digging in the sand, wears with grace and ease the simplest soiled dress. Who taught her grace? (A three-year-old Parisian is already a lady. Here she is barefoot rummaging in the sand, but even in the most modest and already fairly soiled dress she looks elegant and light. Who taught her grace?)

15. From fatigue, my body gave way on my feet. (My legs gave way from fatigue.)

16. The restaurant was filled with a cheerful hubbub, the guitar sobbed angrily, the drum groaned. (The restaurant was filled with a cheerful hubbub: the guitar strings sang melodically (loudly), the drum beat.)

17. Several new businesses and public transport have appeared in our town. (There are several new public transportation companies in our town.)

18. Stand still and do not wave your eyes (from the speech of a kindergarten teacher). (Stand still and don't wave your arms.)

19. This is how I clench my fists on my arms and legs! (child speech) (This is how I clench my fists.)

20. Yesterday I took a plane and flew to Moscow (from the speech of a foreigner). (Yesterday I took a plane ticket and flew to Moscow.)

Exercise 4. Give a stylistic assessment of various methods of enhancing speech expression in the examples given (distinguish between pleonasm, tautology, repetition of words).

1. Rich and famous Kochubey. He has enough friends. He can wash his glory. He can anger Poltava; suddenly in the midst of his palace, he can, by the revenge of his father, comprehend the proud villain; he can pierce with a right hand ... but another plan excites Kochubey's heart. (P.) (suddenly - comprehend; by stringing the same words, one can reflect the nature of the visual impressions (But the infantry goes, the infantry goes past the pines, pines, pines without end). lexical repetitions sometimes, like a gesture, enhance the expressiveness of speech (And on the left on the move, on the move .... They were pushed into the water, into the water). Lexical repetitions help to highlight an important concept in the text (Live for a century, learn for a good pay). Lexical repetitions can also be used as a means of humor. In a parody text, a pile of identical words and expressions reflects the comedy of the situation being described.) 2. Everyone quarreled: our nobles live among themselves like cats with dogs; peasants among themselves, like cats with dogs (G.). ( Everyone lives the same.) 3. It was a thin, very thin and pale face, rather irregular, kind of sharp, with a sharp little nose and chin (Vol.) ( An obsessive explanation of all known truths, the repeated transmission of the same thought, the assertion of a self-evident truth.) 4. The return of his son excited Nikolai Petrovich. He went to bed, but did not extinguish the candle, and, resting his head on his hand, thought long thoughts (T.) (thought - thoughts, repetition of cognate words, creating a tautology. From the passage, it seems that Tolstoy's use of just such words - excited, thought (long) thoughts - has a certain subtext. Nikolai Petrovich was not indifferent to his son, he loved him, and therefore his arrival did not leave his father indifferent. At the same time, the excited hope is overshadowed by doubt: did they understand each other so well. Long thought about something unresolved.) 5. And the nights were dark, warm, with purple clouds were calm, calm. Sleepily ran and the babbling of sleepy poplars flowed (Bun.) ( Long lasting state. Fewer and fewer unsolved mysteries remain in nature ... Repetition of words is usually characteristic of emotionally colored speech.. Poetic subtext deepens the content of the statement.) 6. Varvara screams with a cry ... And she herself - a roar, her heart trembles tremblingly, I'm afraid of my grandfather, and Varya is terrified. “Ah, so you started playing jokes on the old grandmother!” (M. G.) ( Long lasting state.) 7. Now shout, don't shout, call, don't call - no one will hear (Sol.) ( Continuous state - period. Everything, late and as if for a long time. Sorry, I sympathize. I'm a little angry.) 8. Ilya Muromets did not walk with his feet for thirty-three years, he sat in the seat. His mother used to redeem him, put him in the cradle, and he lies with crystal-crystal (folk.) I’m sleeping, not sleeping, Vanyusha, I’m lying like that anymore. I keep Vanyusha on my mind, on my whole mind (folk.). ( Willy-nilly, something new is noticed and apparently it saddens the Mind. makes you pay attention to this in a reasonable, habitual way of life. Or not well researched.) 10. Here it is not necessary to be silent, but to shout with a cry. It is necessary to sound the alarm (Al.). 11. I loved you more than all the luck and troubles because the yellowed white light with you is whiter than white 12. People write, but time erases, erases everything that it can erase. But tell me, if hearing dies, must sound also die? (March.)

Exercise 5. Identify various forms of speech redundancy (pleonasm, tautology, hidden tautology, repetition of words), correct the sentences.

1. Next year, we have a lot of work to do to develop an annual plan for the upcoming work. (Development of an annual work plan.)

2. The duration of the melting process lasts several hours. (The melting process takes several hours.)

3. Residential quarters are supposed to be deployed towards the river, so that the existing pine grove will be preserved in the city center. (Residential quarters are supposed to be deployed in the direction of the river, so that a birch grove and a pine forest will remain in the city center.)

4. The plaintiff substantiates his claims with unfounded grounds based only on assumptions. (Plaintiff's claims are based on assumptions without evidence.)

5. The building will be decorated with stained-glass windows made of colored cast glass. (The façade is decorated with stained-glass windows.)

6. In the fire of 1912, all the wooden structures of the monastery were destroyed, and stone structures were also burned. (The fire of 1912 left the monastery without wooden structures.)

7. Historians explain the rapid development of the city by the fact that crossroads of important trade routes converged here. (Historians explain the rapid development of the city by the fact that important trade routes crossed here.)

8. On the western side, if you look from north to south, there is a reservoir, and on the south, if you look from east to west, there is a forest. (There is a reservoir on the west side, a forest on the south side.)

9. This year, flowering will occur on these shoots of flowers. (These shoots will bloom this year.)

10. The park was cleared of debris, but it remained unfenced and now it still serves as a pasture for livestock. (The park was cleared of debris, but left unfenced, and is now listed as cattle pasture.)

Exercise 6. In an excerpt from "Dead Souls" N.V. Gogol, select the verbs of speech, select from among them those that are synonymous with the words to talk, speak, say. Write out these synonymic rows and add new words to them (see notes).

Whatever the conversation was about, Chichikov always knew how to support it: whether it was a horse farm, he talked about a horse farm; whether they talked about good dogs, he also reported very sensible remarks here; whether they interpreted regarding the investigation carried out by the Treasury, he showed that he was not unfamiliar with judicial tricks; whether there was a discussion about the billiard game - and in the billiard game he did not miss; whether they talked about virtue - and he talked about virtue very well, even with tears in his eyes; about making hot wine - and he knew the use of hot wine; about customs overseers and officials - and he judged them as if he himself were both an official and an overseer.

Notes. "Dictionary of synonyms of the Russian language" Z. E. Aleksandrova gives such synonyms:

I. chat, to talk, to talk, to talk, to speak, to exchange (or exchange) words; interpret (colloquial), chat (colloquial), chatter, scribble (simple), talk.

II. Speak 1. express, express (colloquial), too much: rant (colloquial), go broke (simple), much and eloquently: orate (colloquial ironic), ornate (oral bookish, now ironic), flood (or spill) a nightingale (jokingly); 2. pronounce, utter, broadcast (mouth, now joking and ironic), casually: notice, drop, throw, interrupting someone else's speech: insert, screw in (colloquial), something unexpected or inappropriate: let go (colloquial) ), chip off, bend, give out (simple); nonsense: fence, grind, carry, weave (simple).

III.To tell 1. express yourself; to explain (verb.); 2. pronounce, speak; to say (colloquial); to say, to say (mouth); speak, proclaim (oral, now jocular and ironic); speak, speak (folk poet.), casually: notice, throw, drop, drop, drop; grunt (colloquial), interrupting someone else's speech: insert, screw in (colloquial), usually unexpectedly and quickly: blurt out (colloquial), something unexpected or inappropriate: let go, blurt out, blurt out, thump (colloquial), chip off, soak, freeze, say, bend, give out, brand (simple).

was able to support (him)

Did it go (speech)

Interpreted

showed

reasoned

Exercise 7. Indicate how synonyms differ from each other; define their stylistic functions.

1. The apothecary was a blond woman and at one time safely gave birth to a pharmacist's daughter, fair-haired and scrofulous.

Herzen (Hertz.)

Than blond and blondfromdiffer from each other?Only thosethat they are mother anddoh.

It is known that the blond is prettier. And the blond has short hair, either tall, and from the heart, too independent. Do you need a blond friend? She is a loner.

They would be like mother and daughter, that's all.

2. The dull, sad friendship for the fading Sasha had a sad, mournful reflection.

The author criticizes Sasha for the lack of interest in the word "dull Sasha". It is very sad, so upsetting that you are not happy again, because the Sun is shining and the grass is growing. Look, Sasha, at the sky. Does it frown? ... Yes, Sasha, it's already August. And summer is over. But if not summer, then winter! true, Sasha. It is for this irreconcilable attitude that we love you, all your friends.

3. She sometimes sits in a picturesque pose, but suddenly ... this picture pose is broken by a completely unexpected and again charming gesture.

Picturesque, pictorial - apparently, these are synonyms. I mean artificial too.

4. We already have a duel, a constant duel, a continuous struggle.

Pick...

5. Katya adored nature, and Arkady loved her, but did not dare to admit it.

Playing on the feelings of the characters, their attitude towards each other.

6. Not good! There is something trivial, vulgar in wooing one's governess.

It's trivial that everyone does this: many take care of governesses, it's interesting. But the governess is almost easy prey.

7. Among magazine workers, he was very useful ... He has certain views, beliefs, worldview.

Explain its essence.

8. He (Korovin) wanted something gigantic, immense, amazing.

He did not want something insignificant, for example, hesitant. I wanted not flat, for example, trivial or long known in advance. And most importantly - striking. To say, not in vain. What a thing!

9. "Look at him: isn't there something in him?" - she said to her friends, as if wanting to explain why she married a simple, very ordinary and unremarkable person.

Simple, ordinary, wonderful.

Difficult and unusual in its complexity. Very ordinary.

And now she did not marry the most noble, down to earth and pure person.

10. He did not eat, but ate.

The need to avoid repetition of words.

11. But I robbed you, damn it, robbed you! Because I stole from you!

I have robbed you to the bone. What is it to you all the same? I took the best, there is no doubt about that, but you? Is stealing good?

12. He was one of those people to whom you become attached with your heart. He was a kind and sympathetic person, a fearless and determined pilot... How he loved brave, steadfast people!

Quite possible. It is possible, it is possible to combine a good person and a determined pilot. Love the brave. But they cannot be controlled.

13. How young he was then! How often and intoxicatedly he laughed - he actually laughed, but did not laugh.

What a good-natured and trusting person he could be.

14. Fascism is hostile to any national culture ... It seeks to destroy, destroy culture, erase the very memory of it.

Except your own. Any. This culture manifests itself in striving. It is considered courageous, courageously directed. But it has a shade of negativism, absoluteness. Destruction does not help the development of competition, for some, it seems to me, the lack of choice. The only choice is the best option. Becoming.

15. Our strength, our power is in our will.

The will to live. Which is multiple.

16. So that you can be seen more distinctly and clearly by them, wise and courageous, Is it possible to leave gaps in your glorious bibliography?

The picture is clear, but not complete. Where is wisdom without the mistakes of youth? Nowhere.

17. I distinguish more and more clearly, as lips turn into lips ...

Something has changed, and for the better.

This is the way to communicate information.

18. I want you to cry with delight, with admiration.

I want, I hope you're not jealous. Don't envy her life.

19. There was no letter and there was not, now he did not live, but only existed from day to day in incessant expectation.

With the help of synonyms lived-existed (was in the world), you can arrange a whole time period, two events.

I only thought I lived!

I lived...now I don't live, but exist without writing. It was stolen.

20. Levin was almost the same age as Oblonsky, and with him on "you" more than one champagne. Levin was his comrade and friend in his early youth. They loved each other, ... like friends who met in their first youth love.

In general, it is customary to use synonyms to enhance the impression.

But often writers use synonymy not for synonymy, but to indicate an additional meaning, deepening what is being said.

21. "Yes, there is something nasty, repulsive in me," thought Levin, as he left the Shcherbatskys.

Indicates the relativity of the contrary. But if Levin noticed that people "are not drawn to him," he can conclude that there is a reason for this. Is it not the reason that matters to Levin, but the opinion of the people...

22. Uli had not eyes, but eyes.

A synonym is used to enhance the expressiveness of what was said.

Exercise 8. Compare the editions of the story by N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba"; explain what caused the synonymous replacements of words during auto-editing. (For reference, please refer to the "Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language" by V.I. Dahl).

1. They squatted down and beat hard and hard with their silver horseshoes on the closely slain earth.

1. ... densely killed earth.

2. Stories, jokes that could be heard among the assembled crowd ...

2. Stories and chatter...

3. "Tell the bishop on behalf of all the Cossacks," said the koshevoi, "so that he is not afraid of anything: it's the Cossacks who are just smoking cradles."

3. "Tell the bishop from me and from all the Cossacks ... These are the Cossacks who are just lighting and smoking their pipes."

4. Zhid ... sharpened vodka from a barrel.

4. Zhid ... sipped vodka from a barrel.

5. These were two burly fellows who still looked slyly, like recently graduated seminarians.

5. These were two hefty fellows, still looking frowningly ...

6. Motley ravines crawled out of their holes, stood on their hind legs and announced the steppe with a whistle.

6. Motley gophers crawled out of their holes ...

7. "That's crazy old!" - said their pale, thin and kind mother ...

7. “Look, good people: the old one has gone crazy! I'm completely crazy! .. "

8. Who had a ladle, who had a korchak, with which he also watered a horse ...

8. Who had a bucket, who had a scoop ...

9. They sharpened sabers, broadswords and write-offs ...

9. ... tried sabers and broadswords ...

10. Cast-iron cannons roared heavily with wide throats, the earth trembled, far chilled.

10. ... trembled, far buzzing, the earth.

1. closely killed - tightly killed

in both versions, densely nailed dust to the ground is implied, the second option is closer to use in modern Russian

2. stories, jokers ... - stories and chatter

in modern Russian, a joker is a joker, a cheerful person, and in the context of the original version, modern consciousness is perceived in the same way. therefore, the "stories" option is more appropriate for modern understanding

3. cradles light up - light and light up their pipes

the word "cradles" is obsolete and was used in a certain area, the word "tubes" is perceived in the right context by a much larger audience

4. sharpened from a barrel - filtered from a barrel

"grind" - at present, the colloquial expression of the word "ate", which means that in the context it is understood as "the Jew abused the vodka", but "sand" - does not have such an aggressive coloring and is more appropriate in this case

5. looking down - looking down.

the first option is an obsolete expression, the second is now used

6. motley ravines - motley gophers

in Dahl's dictionary, a ravine (Evrazhek) is a motley gray steppe hamster, currently "ravine" is perceived in the context of the word "ravine" (a depression in the ground, etc.) with a diminutive suffix - a small ravine. it follows from this that the use of the word "gopher" is more logical.

7. fooled old - fooled old

in the first variant, speech is perceived in a sharply negative and colloquial context, the second variant is softer and more pleasant for perception.

8. Korchak-bucket

an outdated colloquial word, part-time Ukrainian surname. to simplify perception, the word bucket is used

9. sharpened sabers - tried sabers

in this variant it is difficult to say, because the option "sharpened sabers" is more familiar to use. there is not enough context to give an accurate assessment

10. far zastugunevshi - far zagudevshi

the first option is understood as something resistant, cast-iron, heavy. if the author's goal was to describe to us how far and how hard the sound swept, then the gated version is the most appropriate

Exercise 9. In the jokes below, highlight the polysemantic words and come up with other phrases with them, showing their polysemanticism.

1. Vacation you won't spend: it always ends on time. (You spend me on the dark plain) 2. It is a pity that there are relatives narrow-minded. (narrow-minded distance) 3. Soap bubbles always complain that their inflate. (friend again puffed up me) 4. We can go on the winter time and at summer sandals. ( Go the river; Dress up winter coat; Go on summer veranda) 5. Conservation law matter raises doubts when communicating with cutters. (Bought matter on the dress) 6. Due to the fact that I have found stock mind, I ask you to put up a guard. (Write-off from warehouse) 7. Zeros, which know their place, - a few units. (Interesting know Where have you been?) 8. Don't rush words - observe technology security. ( Rush up into an embrace. household Technics) 9. In a psychiatric hospital. Relatives of the patient: "Professor, how is he?". Professor: " shifts there is". ( Shift earth's crust) 10. Feathers the writer had, he lacked wings. (Feathers the birds got wet; Wings butterflies)

Exercise 10. Make sentences or phrases with paronyms. For help, refer to the dictionaries of the difficulties of the Russian language.

Kind - solid, friendly - friendly, defective - defective, design - constructive, effective - effective; fornicate - wander, reflect - display, conduct - produce, present - provide, test - test, hide - hide, condemn - discuss; innovation - novelty, harvest - productivity, being - essence.

Kind evening. Which good cloth;

I want to give you friendly advice. Develop friendly relations.

This device defective. Some friend of yours defective.

Design developments made at this enterprise are of interest to our partners. For the dispute to be constructive you need to follow a few simple rules.

The woman was in spectacular the dress. This is the most effective method.

Shamelessly fornicate. How long to wander in the city?

Reflect shadow. Display reality.

He wanted conduct her to the house. Produce dairy products.

It's time introduce new employee of our company. Could you provide me a rental space.

try out new models. The quality of not only newly offered drugs is controlled, but also each series of them, manufactured according to already tested technology.

maliciously shelter. Hide the truth.

condemn offender. Discuss one unresolved issue.

Innovation in education. New music.

We collected harvest the whole family. good this year productivity potatoes.

Pitiful creature. Mysterious essence.

Exercise 11