Where did the first man appear on our planet? This question has been troubling scientists since the time of Charles Darwin. No less the question of where the first man appeared is of interest to many curious inhabitants. However, this topic is not as simple as it might seem at first glance. The fact is that if you start to understand it in order to adequately answer the question of where the first man appeared, it turns out that there is still no final and generally accepted opinion among archaeologists or anthropologists. Who is considered human? Which of the links in the evolutionary chain suddenly became a man, leaving his own parent at the stage of monkeys? After all, evolution is not
a one-time act, but long and very slow transformations. The second difficulty with the question of where the first person appeared lies in the criteria themselves - how to separate a person in general, on what grounds? By upright posture, opposing the thumb, by the use of tools, or, after all, by the size of the brain? Let's try to sketch an extremely brief picture of the path of Homo sapiens.
Where did the first people appear?
The answer is in Africa, apparently. According to the estimates of modern researchers, the lines of modern and immediate separated about 8-6 million years ago. It was then that the first upright hominids appeared on the planet. Their earliest fossil representative is the sahelantrum creature. He lived about 6-7 million years ago and already walked on two legs. Of course, it is hardly possible to name him only on this basis.
ancient man. The rest of his features were still similar to those of apes, but the fact that they had already descended from the branches significantly changed their lifestyle and directed evolution in the right direction. Sahelanthropus was followed by Orrorin (about 6 million years ago), Australopithecus known to all (about 4 million years ago), Paranthropus (2.5 million). These are far from all the links found by archaeologists and dating from this long period, but only some representatives of the chain. It is important that each of these hominids had certain progressive features compared to their predecessors. Homo habilis and Homo ergaster (working), which appeared 2.4 and 1.9 million years ago, were the first hominids that were already really close to the modern type of people. Like all previous links, these ancestors of today's people lived in Africa - the cradle of mankind. And finally, the really indisputable people are Homo sapiens, who appeared only 40 thousand years ago. Interestingly, this type of person also originated in Africa, but at the same time, Europe was already inhabited by people! People who, according to modern scientists, appeared already in Europe,
however, over time, they disappeared from the face of the Earth and are not direct descendants of modern humanity, but only a dead end branch of evolution. We are talking about the famous Neanderthals, who died out for reasons that are not entirely clear about 25 thousand years ago.
Where did the first ancient civilizations appear?
Be that as it may, it was destined to eventually settle from Africa to all the continents of the planet. Since that time, people have not undergone significant biological changes. However important event became the so-called This is the process of transition from appropriating economy to reproducing, that is, the emergence of agriculture and animal husbandry. New forms of management proved to be much more effective, allowing the tribes to significantly increase their numbers, create an excess product of labor, giving rise to social stratification. Ultimately, these processes led to the emergence of the first civilizations and states that arose in Mesopotamia.
olduvai gorge
Scientists have been arguing for decades about where the first man appeared on Earth. Supporters of the monopolar theory called the birthplace of a skilled man, who later became a reasonable man, then Africa, then South Asia.
In the Olduvai Gorge in East Africa, archaeologists have found the skeleton of ancient man on the ground. He is 1.5 million years old. It was thanks to this find that the theory arose that the first man appeared in Africa, and then settled throughout the earth. However, in the 1980s, scientists made a sensational discovery in Siberia, which turned the idea of human development upside down.
The first man could have appeared not in Africa, as was previously believed, but in Siberia. This sensational version appeared in 1982. Soviet geologists were excavating off the banks of the Lena River in Yakutia. The area is called Deering-Yuryakh, translated from Yakut - Deep River. Quite by accident, geologists discovered a late Neolithic burial - the 2nd millennium BC. And then, digging even deeper, they came across layers more than 2.5 million years old and found there the remains of the tools of the most ancient man.
Deering-Yuryakh
These are hewn cobblestones with a pointed end - they are called "choppers". In addition to such ancient axes, anvils and chippers were also found. This led researchers to believe that, in fact, the first man appeared in Siberia. After all, the age of the local finds is more than 2.5 million years. So, they are older than African.
Axes of the ancients, "choppers"
"There was a whole archipelago, where now the ice is solid, the Northern Arctic Ocean. And due to some catastrophes, this civilization was destroyed, and the remnants of this people were forced to move to the mainland, to develop the lands that now belong to Arkhangelsk region, Murmansk, the Polar Urals, and further - to Siberia. There is also an assumption- says the historian, ethnographer Vadim Burlak.
Burial in Deering-Yuryakh
More recently, it turned out that on the territory of Russia there are traces of not only primitive people, that is, creatures that only outwardly resembled a person, but did not have a developed intellect, but also a reasonable person, that is, similar to you and me.
Ancient weapons found in Deering-Yuryakh
For a long time it was believed that the first people who were no different from us today - first appeared in Europe 39 thousand years ago. However, in 2007 it turned out that the earliest site of an ancient person is located on the territory modern Russia. Thus, it turns out that the first Homo sapiens was born twenty thousand years earlier, and not somewhere in the vicinity of Paris, but in the Voronezh region, where a simple village called Kostenki is now located. This opinion was expressed by the famous American scientist John Hoffecker.
"In 2007, a remarkable researcher from the United States of America, John Hoffecker, published in the journalScience article, which sounded like this: "The first European comes from Kostenki." She, this article, was based on his five years of work here in Kostenki, and on the dates that he and Vance Holiday, his friend and colleague, made from the results of research, and these results were stunning. That is, the age of the existence of Homo sapiens here, on the territory of Kostenki, is very sharply getting older, "- explains Irina Kotlyarova, chief researcher at the Kostenki Museum-Reserve.
The remains found in Kostenki, which are about 60 thousand years old
The American Hoffecker found out that the first Europeans settled this area 50-60 thousand years ago. And the most amazing thing is that they really were reasonable tribes. Of course, practically nothing remains of such ancient sites. Only depressions, stone tools and pits filled with ash from burnt bones. And newer sites, those in which our ancestors lived about 20 thousand years ago, are well preserved in Kostenki.
Wall made of mammoth bones
Even the houses, the walls of which are lined with mammoth bones, have been preserved. The researchers found that the inhabitants of these houses knew how to make tools, hunted, gathered, built dwellings, had a well-established life and lived in a community. Mammoths were the main source of human life. There were a lot of them living in this area. People hunted them. From the skins they sewed clothes, they ate the extracted meat. The bones of these animals were also used.
Irina Kotlyarova in one of the houses of Kostenkovskaya culture
Kostenkovskaya archaeological culture is amazing in scale. About six dozen large human settlements were found here. According to some experts, at least a thousand people lived here. Others estimate the population of the ancient Voronezh region more modestly - about 600 people. In any case, this number seems to be very impressive. After all, even the population of medieval European cities rarely exceeded several hundred people. Of course, the oldest sites in Kostenki cannot be called a city. But for such a long time, just a huge population lived here.
The location plan of the sites of ancient people in Kostenki
The real amazement of archaeologists was caused by a collection of miniatures. These are carved from dense rock - marl - figures of mammoths. Most likely, already 22 thousand years ago the inhabitants of Kostenki knew how to keep score. This seems to most anthropologists quite incredible.
Spearheads found during excavations in Kostenki
From this conclusion it follows that the Voronezh civilization is twenty thousand years older than the Sumerian kingdom, with their clay tablets, and the ancient Egyptians. Scientists claim that long before the Sumerian Anunaki, Kostenki already knew how to count mammoths and write them down, not relying on memory. So the mammoths from Lizyukov Street - inscribed by the hand of prehistoric Picasso - are a completely scientific argument in favor of the fact that Voronezh is the cradle of human civilization.
It is generally accepted that Russians are a rather young nation. In fact, four thousand years ago were already built Egyptian pyramids. By the time of the birth of Christ, the ancient Romans had already managed to sink to the bottom of luxury and even depravity, while our ancestors had not really started anything yet - neither the state, nor culture, nor writing.
Historians decided to check whether this is really so? And it turned out that 6 millennia ago, when the Sumerian civilization, as it is commonly believed, the first on Earth, was just emerging, in our country, on the territory of the modern Urals, our ancestors were so developed that they even knew metallurgy.
"We are talking about a very large developed civilization on a very large territory, which had a strong influence on the entire Eurasian region - this is already unambiguous and beyond doubt. Therefore, here, I think that the future belongs to science," says Alexey Palkin, researcher at the Laboratory of Natural and Historical and Cultural Heritage of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
This is Vera Island. It is located in the Chelyabinsk region on Lake Tugoyak. In the 80s of the last century, archaeologists discovered a find here that became a real sensation: amazing ancient structures that turned out to be much older than the famous English Stonehenge. It was this discovery that made scientists seriously talk about the fact that the first civilized society in the history of not only Russia, but the whole of Europe, and maybe the whole world, was born right here - in the Chelyabinsk region, next to the Ural Mountains.
"II understand that this may cause a shock, what I will say now, but I say this with complete responsibility, these megaliths on the island of Vera, they are much brighter and more interesting than Stonehenge. Why? Because Stonehenge is a healthy thing, but it's the only one there. Here. Here in this particular place, and here on a plot of 6 hectares there are several objects different type", -
Megalith No. 1
The ancient structure discovered on the island of Vera is called Megalith No. 1. That's what the archaeologists called it. Once this ancient building was 3.5 meters high and served as an observatory. The ancient builders specially arranged the window so that on the days of the summer and winter solstices Sunbeam penetrated, hitting right on the altar.
Megalith window
The main mystery of the ancient observatory is not even in how people at that stage of their development thought of following the movement of heavenly bodies, but in the fact that the building was made of huge boulders. Each - several tens of tons. It turns out that the ancient inhabitants of these territories near modern Chelyabinsk were able not only to move heavy blocks, but they could put it all together correctly. So reliable that after thousands of years, the megalith did not collapse.
Central hall
There is a central hall, which is connected to the side chambers by corridors. The hall is composed of a number of megaliths, which are located on the sides and in the ceiling. There are about twenty-five to thirty of them in total. The largest of them weighs 17 tons. The size of megaliths is from one and a half to two and a half meters in length and half a meter in width. The construction dates back to the 4th - 3rd millennium BC.
Huge plates were made by nature itself - this is the remnant of the mountain. But in order for the blocks to lie flat, the progenitors had to process them.
Nearby, archaeologists discovered a real melting furnace. Its design suggests that metal smelting technologies in ancient times were practically no different from those that were invented just a couple of centuries ago. It turns out that the semi-wild tribes that lived on this island were engaged in non-ferrous metallurgy.
"It was here that the oldest copper smelting furnace was located. Scientists discovered a chimney, which stands out very clearly from the general background. Traces of smoke, which were reflected on the stones, clearly remained and are visible on the stones," - says Alexey Palkin, researcher at the Laboratory of Natural and Historical and Cultural Heritage of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Zyuratkul geoglyph
The fact that an incredibly developed population lived on the territory of the Chelyabinsk region thousands of years ago is also evidenced by another amazing find - the Zyuratkul geoglyph. It was discovered by accident. In 2011, one of the employees of the Zyuratkul National Park noticed that the grass at the foot of the ridge was growing unevenly. This is despite the fact that no mechanical impact was clearly exerted on it. The scientist decided to find out the reasons for this strange phenomenon. He managed to establish that the grass does not grow in some places because it is hindered by boulders laid out by a path resembling a drawing or even a diagram. To see it in its entirety, national park officials took off in a helicopter and discovered a giant drawing laid out on the ground. Most of all, it resembles the image of an elk.
The dimensions of this elk are impressive: the length of the drawing is 275 meters. The age of the geoglyph is 5-6 millennia. How its creators controlled the accuracy of laying, how they managed to observe the direction and correctness of the lines, if the entire pattern is visible only from a great height, is not clear. But most importantly - why did they need this image of an elk?
The geoglyph resembles an image of an elk
"ATIn the Neolithic, in the Urals, we mainly had a farm - hunters, fishermen, and so on. That is, the population that built this here, it had to exploit a significant territory. I.e we are talking about some connections between these groups, about some slightly different social structures than we imagine today. This is not just a group, a separate group of hunters-fishers, it is a more complex social organization", - considers Stanislav Grigoriev, archaeologist, senior researcher at the Institute of History and Archeology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
If archaeologists were not mistaken in determining the age of this miracle, then it turns out that our ideas about the abilities and capabilities ancient population Russia, do not correspond to reality, which means that official science was mistaken, claiming for many years that intelligent life came to these parts only shortly before the baptism of Russia.
Scientists treat this hypothesis with great caution. However, new archaeological finds raise more and more questions, the answers to which are not yet available.
Another proof that ancient people on the territory of modern Russia were very developed is in the Ignatievskaya cave. It is located on the southern tip of the Ural Mountains in the Chelyabinsk region. In 1980, speleologists accidentally discovered a drawing on its vaults, which made a real revolution in archeology. Studies have shown that the drawings were made on the walls more than 14 thousand years ago. In no place on the planet has it ever been possible to find a drawing of such antiquity that would contain a clear plot. This cave depicts the very process of creating life. Exactly as our ancient ancestors saw it.
But why does the whole world know about the oldest rock paintings in Australia, and why do all textbooks on archeology list people and gobies from Algeria as the first drawings? After all, they appeared on the walls of caves in the 11th century BC. That is later than the Urals by 13 thousand years. Why are scientific journals silent about the discovery of the Ural archaeologists?
Many experts are sure that such data will force us to revise not only scientific theories but also to rewrite school textbooks.
Man is the crown of creation of the highest heavenly powers, - every believer will say.
- No, - the convinced materialist will object to him. - Man evolved from apes in the process of long evolution millions of years ago.
“You are both right and wrong,” an intellectual who keeps track of all the latest information will inform them. scientific discoveries and hypotheses. - The fact is that evolution really took place, but it is also very likely that some heavenly forces initiated and directed it ...
The material below also supports this point of view.
About the sons of God
For thousands of years, people believed that their distant ancestors were created by the gods - or God, the Most High, the Creator. This process is described in sufficient detail, in particular, in the Bible (Old Testament, Book of Genesis, chapter two).
But in 1871, the book of the English naturalist Charles Darwin "The Origin of Man and Sexual Selection" was published, where the author substantiates the hypothesis of the origin of man from an ape-like ancestor.
Soon this hypothesis was recognized as reliable by both many scientists and people "from the common people." However, not everyone recognized it as such, and not only from among the ministers of worship and believers of various faiths. And this controversy continues in society to this day.
And since the second half of the 20th century, various versions of the “crazy” hypothesis have become popular, according to which the appearance of people on Earth is the result of the activity of ... aliens.
Two events contributed to the development of such an idea: the appearance on June 24, 1947 over the Cascade Mountains, in the northern part of the Pacific coast of the United States, of a link of clearly manned flying saucers, and also the emergency landing (or catastrophe) of an alien that allegedly happened exactly one week later, on the night of July 2 spaceship near the town of Roswell in the US state of New Mexico.
By the way, it was after these two events that the term "unidentified flying object" - UFO (in English Unidentified Flying Object - UFO) and the name of the science that studies such objects - "ufology" appeared.
It is characteristic that some adherents of the idea of the “creation” of mankind by space aliens refer to ancient myths and legends of various peoples, in which the gods who created people, as a rule, arrive on Earth from heaven. The Bible tells the same story. In it, along with the statement about the creation of Adam and Eve - the first two people in our world - the Lord God himself also speaks of the participation in the production of the earthly population of some sons of God: “When people began to multiply on earth, and daughters were born to them, then sons God saw the daughters of men, that they are beautiful, and took them to their wives, which one they chose. “At that time there were giants on earth, especially since the time when the sons of God began to enter into the daughters of men, and they began to give birth to them ...” (Bible, Old Testament, Book of Genesis, chapter six, 1-2, 4 ).
Star Brother Rescue
After the Roswell incident received wide publicity, publications began to appear in the media (mainly in the American ones) about meetings and conversations of people with aliens, during which space aliens reported how their ancestors participated in the creation and formation of our population.
According to an article in the September 1996 issue of the American magazine Pague, one of these encounters took place just over a month after the Roswell incident, and again in New Mexico.
On the evening of August 13, 1947, six young descendants of the Apache Indians stopped for the night in the desert area of the said state. They were preparing supper when there was a great rumble, then a crash, and the earth trembled like an earthquake. Having gone on reconnaissance, the Indians found a mangled metal object crashing into the ground not far away, inside of which there was a strange creature of small stature. It was badly maimed, but showed signs of life. The Indians decided to try to save their foundling.
They managed to get out Star Brother, as they began to call him among themselves. Having recovered, Brother (his real name sounded like Bek Ti) with the help of a crystal that transmits information in the form of images, told young people an absolutely incredible story of the Earth and mankind.
It turns out that aliens appeared on our planet back in those days when it was a lifeless stone block, and during the entire period of evolution they constantly interfered in its course. In some cases their intervention was beneficial, in others it was not. When people appeared on Earth, the aliens directed the development of mankind, but at the same time they often led him to a dead end. They became our gods... and our devils. But they have always been here.
How people were created
About the rescue of Star Brother, as well as what this messenger of a distant highly developed civilization told earthlings about the history of their planet, 20 years later, he told his young grandson - Robert Morning Sky - one of those six Indians who saved the dying Beck Ti.
What he heard shocked and captured Robert. Since then, he has devoted himself to finding and studying sources that confirm Bek Ti's message. Its essence, together with the results of his search, Morning Sky outlined in the work “Terra. The Unknown History of Planet Earth, published in the early 1990s. Here is its content.
In ancient times, aliens from outer space mastered the Earth, then still deserted. Homo sapiens - a reasonable person - was created by the decision of their leader, initially so that his subjects would have intelligent and obedient workers. But for the right to dominate the Earth, this ruler fought with his brother and, in order to assert this right, introduced his DNA into the genotype of the first human beings. And the first people became the "sons of God", the children of their creator.
However, this "God-Father" was also a scientist, he was interested in the possibility of creating creatures endowed with sensitivity and passion, as well as the ability to make their own judgments and independent actions. To achieve this goal, in the first generations of people, he used the DNA of representatives of another race, emotional and sentimental bird-like creatures. It gave people the opportunity to possess the qualities and abilities mentioned above. The "Creator" also taught people to unite for procreation of their own free will, without observing the pre-established breeding regulations. And the young human race began to grow rapidly.
Are they still with us?
As a result of the creativity of space aliens at an early stage of the origin of mankind, two varieties of it arose: obedient individuals who unconditionally obey aliens and genetically changed mutants whose behavior was controlled by their own will. The brother of the creator of the human tribe drove the mutants into the desert, dooming them to inevitable death, and to be sure, he even staged a flood to destroy the entire recalcitrant branch of the human race. But its creator managed to save a certain number of persecuted shrews - a familiar episode from the Bible, isn't it?
The moment came when another race of aliens began to rule the Earth, in the guise of intelligent lizards, which are now often called "gray". The Grays, genetically created by an even more highly developed race of reptiles, whose empire is located in a distant galaxy, and now secretly, imperceptibly for us, manage many aspects of earthly life. They consume the natural resources of our planet, extract genetic material from our bodies to continue experiments to breed new types of intelligent beings, use our government agencies such as NASA and the CIA in the United States to keep secret the purpose, structure and operation of a vast class technical means, which we define general concept UFO. They have their own base on the moon, and they warned us not to go there and stay away from it.
Robert Morning Sky ends his work with the following words: “As long as people accept the existence of lords and gods, they also accept the existence of slavery. When a person finally realizes that his possessions have been taken away from him, when he finally begins to look at himself as his only god and master over himself, then, and only then, will he be freed from the power of aliens and alien gods. Develop your spiritual world... This is the only way to liberation.”
Evidence of alien visits
In the "Edge of the Canyons" ("Canyonlands") - national park Utah - there are a number of anomalies that, according to the Morning Sky, indicate that aliens have been there since time immemorial. He considers the main of them to be the Arch of the Druids - the ruins of a giant structure with preserved traces of a hieroglyph. According to Robert, it means "king", and this mark could be left by an alien ruler, proclaiming his dominion after winning a battle with a rival.
On one of the rocks, deep even horizontal furrows are cut in parallel. Their natural origin is unlikely, especially since at the foot of the cliff there are no accumulations of crumbled rock, which are usual in such cases. These traces could leave laser ray powerful weapon space aliens.
Huge boulders with smooth rectangular edges lie in the bed of the dried stream. In the rocks that form the bed, there are long straight furrows. There are no drops. A quarry using laser technology?
On the road leading to national park, there is a rock Newspaper with numerous imprints of six-toed feet scratched on it. All traces lead to the silhouette of a vertical structure on three pillars standing among circles with various signs (a spaceship?). According to Robert Morning Sky, this is a message about the resettlement of the ancient inhabitants of the Earth to other star worlds.
“You can believe everything that I have said, or not believe a single word of mine. Whether this is true or fiction is up to you." In the old days, the Apache Indians ended their oral traditions with such words.
The evolutionary theory of Charles Darwin tells us about when man appeared on Earth. This point of view is generally accepted. among scientific researchers. Previously, people could not say exactly who created man. For thousands of years it was believed that humanity is the work of the gods, but the question of who created man is answered by evolution.
In contact with
First representatives
Man appeared in ancient times not at all in the likeness in which we can observe him now. The very first representative of our species looked more like an ape than a modern representative of human society. Some researchers believe that Australopithecus was the first man. Many criticize such assumptions, as it really is more similar to the lower class of primates. The next milestone in development after Australopithecus was homo habilis, or "handy man."
He walked on two legs, had a relatively straight posture. These people created the first tools to use them for getting food and building shelter. Modern archaeological discoveries have made it possible to establish the most accurate date when a skilled man appeared on Earth. This happened approximately 2.6 million years ago.
Attention! The first representatives of our species on Earth were relatively short in stature. If now the average height of an average person is about 1.7 meters, then a skilled person was no higher than 1.2 meters.
Place of residence
Researchers are trying to establish where was the first settlement of people. Long years it was believed that the human race originated in the territory Western Europe.
The main reason for this is the theory of Eurocentrism, which said that it was on the territory of Europe that powerful civilizations were created, and it was from here that progress began.
In the second half of the 20th century, archaeologists found the remains of that very skilled man on the territory of modern Tanzania, the so-called Afar Triangle.
It was there that key discoveries were made that shed light on the origin of mankind. Archaeologists have found tools made of stone next to human bones, which could well serve as a good tool for obtaining food.
In 1960, few people were in doubt. Archaeological finds also made it clear how a person developed, how, over time, the volume of his brain increased and intellectual activity improved.
As for the classification by period, the origin of mankind should be dated to the Cenozoic era, which began 65 million years ago. This period is referred to as the "era of new life", because it started immediately after the fall of a huge meteorite that destroyed the dinosaurs and most of the life on the planet.
evolution process
We learned where man came from and what the very first man on earth was called, but the evolution of our species did not stop there - even more amazing changes were coming.
Homo ergaster
Approximately 1.8 million years ago, homo habilis evolved into a working man, that is, homo ergaster. The size of the brain of this species is much larger than homo habilis. Scientists believe that it was homo ergaster who gained the opportunity to use colloquial speech.
Near the skeletons of homo ergaster, archaeologists have found traces of the first fires. Therefore, exactly this species first began to produce fire. In addition, a man working invented a hand axe.
Homo ergaster began to hunt animals more often, and up to this point, the first people on Earth were more likely to be gatherers and scavengers. Enough high level intelligence allowed them to gather in groups that began to go hunting - this significantly increased the chances of survival and a successful ending.
Homo erectus
Even the previous species of man began to colonize the planet. From Africa, the first people on Earth went to Western Europe and Asia. It was in the Far East that the remains of the next stage of development were found human race Homo erectus or Homo erectus.
At this stage in the development of mankind, a typical representative of it had an average height of 1.4 m. Homo erectus no longer stooped, the campaign was straight. still in use stone tools. People collected roots and plants, hunted medium and small game.
Because the person in ancient time could not defend himself alone, the erectus began to stray into fairly large fore-communities, which numbered several dozen people. Erectus also first began to cook meat on a fire. At this stage of development, during the period of famine, a person resorted to cannibalism.
Between the erectus, for the first time, the beginnings of a relationship appeared, reminiscent of a permanent married couple, but promiscuous sexual relations took advantage. Archaeological finds have also confirmed that erectus looked after the wounded tribesmen and understand the medicinal properties of herbs.
Important! Perhaps even then there were people who were called shamans or healers.
Development of thinking
For a long time it was believed that Homo sapiens was the ancestor of the Neanderthal.
However, studies of the twentieth century proved that the Neanderthal was a dead end in Western Europe, and homo sapiens came from Africa. Moreover, it was he who exterminated and assimilated the Neanderthals.
Archaeologists have found that the first people with the rudiments of the mind appeared approximately 350-250 thousand years ago.
Initially, homo sapiens were nomads and gatherers, and only 15 thousand years ago they began:
- learn agriculture,
- make tools from bone
- build permanent dwellings
- establish small permanent settlements,
- to sew clothes,
- draw on cave walls.
10 thousand years ago, people communicated through speech, and gestures and facial expressions faded into the background.
At this stage of development, people first became create families and marry. Development Agriculture allowed to keep a part of the production, thanks to which it became possible to create classes, power and the ability to survive in adverse times.
Homo sapiens domesticated animals, which gave impetus to the development of animal husbandry. It also facilitated the process of obtaining food - it was not necessary to spend a huge amount of time and effort on hunting. At the same time, trade between the tribes also arose: some offered skins, while others offered beautiful shells or fish.
10 thousand years ago homo sapiens began to build cities, invented the first languages and built civilizations in the Middle East, North Africa, India, Latin America.
We traced how man developed throughout the entire period of evolution, where the first people appeared 2.5 million years ago, how the evolutionary process proceeded, which continues to this day.
Modern scientific achievements have refuted the theory of the divine origin of man and consolidated the positions of Darwinism. People, before becoming the way they are now, have come a long way of evolution - from an ape-like creature to modern man information age.
During what period did the first humans appear?
Stages of development of Homo sapiens on Earth
Conclusion
The first man appeared on the African continent, his homeland was the territory of modern Tanzania . Archaeologists call this region the Afar Triangle or the "cradle of mankind." From Africa, small tribes of people began to spread throughout the planet, conquering Europe, Asia, and then Australia and America.
Today, humanity has reached significant heights in its development. People have made tremendous progress in all areas of life. And the more significant the achievements become, the more worried the question is, who was our ancestor, the very first person on Earth?
The greatest minds on the planet, who took it upon themselves to find the answer, did not come to a consensus. According to some, man is the fruit of evolution, which is confirmed by the findings of archaeologists. According to others, God created people in his own image, which is described in detail in the book of Genesis. Still others claim that the man was brought to Earth by alien beings. In each of the hypotheses there are many controversial issues, but still, until their fallacy is fully proven, they have the right to life.
According to scientists, the direct ancestors of humans are primates. Apes have evolved to adapt to change external environment, which became the impetus for their mental and physical development. The climate of the Earth was changing, which forced primates to look for the first dwellings that protect from wind and cold, to get food, creating devices for hunting and cultivating the land. 
Since it was quite difficult to get food alone, great apes gathered in groups. Thanks to this, communication began to develop and the first speech appeared. All these factors caused changes in the anatomy and physiology of primates, which became decisive in the appearance of man:
- the structure of the brain has changed;
- bipedal locomotion developed;
- a significant part of the hairline has disappeared;
- fangs decreased in size;
- a grasping brush has developed;
- the larynx and hyoid bone descended.
Our most ancient ancestors are the great apes driopithecus. They lived in Africa more than 9 million years ago. Primates lived in trees, because at that time a warm, humid climate reigned in the area of \u200b\u200bthis continent. Due to changes in the external environment, the jungle began to disappear, and savannahs appeared in their place, in which the new kind primates - Australopithecus. They did not differ much from their ancestors, but they already moved vertically, and with the freed forelimbs they used sticks and stones if necessary.
Anthropologists who discovered the remains of Australopithecus found that this species of primates lived on Earth about 4 million years ago. It was also found that it is from them that the appearance of the Handy Man, who lived on the planet about 2 million years ago, comes from, whose representatives can already be considered people. Their growth reached 1.5 meters, and weight - up to 50 kg. The structure of the found skull of Homo habilis indicates that the brain of these individuals has increased significantly in comparison with Australopithecus, which indicates an increase in their mental development. Special bulges on the cranium confirm that the representatives of the type of Homo habilis had a center of speech.
After 0.5 million years, the form of Homo habilis was transformed into Homo erectus. According to scientists, representatives of this species already knew how to speak articulately. From Africa, they spread across Eurasia, which gave rise to the formation of separate races.
Despite the possibilities modern science, it was not possible to reliably determine where the life of mankind originated. Many are inclined to the theory that primitive people inhabited Africa. It was on this continent that archaeologists managed to find the oldest remains of the representatives of the Homo habilis species, which gave life to Homo sapiens. The age of the finds was about 1.5 million years.
This theory was challenged by Russian scientists who discovered the remains of ancient people in Yakutia, which are more than 2.5 million years old. Excavations in this area were carried out in 1982. Here were found tools and the remains of the first people who are a million years older than the finds found in Africa. Based on the discoveries made by archaeologists, we can conclude that the first people appeared about 2.5 million years ago. It can also be argued that Asia is the cradle of modern humanity.
The highest creation of a deity?
A huge part of the population tends to believe that man is a creation of God. Adherents of this hypothesis emphasize that the human body is very complex and perfect, and only divine power could create it. As described in the book of Genesis, God created the planet with all the creatures inhabiting it. The crown of his creation was a man created from dust, who bore the name Adam. In order for the human race to continue, the first man was given a companion named Eve, created from his own rib.
It was also not possible to determine the time of the creation of the first people by God. The Bible is interpreted by many in different ways. Adherents of the divine origin of people argue that in fact the description that the world was created in seven days should not be taken literally. In their opinion, the creation of the Universe and the Earth lasted much longer, which explains the origin of the antiquities found by archaeologists.
Come from other worlds
The most controversial hypothesis is alien origin of people. But, nevertheless, many scientists are inclined to believe that man came from another universe. In their opinion, people in their development really went from driopithecus to Homo sapiens. But humans and apes did not have common ancestors. Once on Earth, driopithecus began to adapt to the conditions of the planet, which was the reason for its development. Based on these statements, the first people who can be considered the ancestors of modern mankind appeared about 10 million years ago. 
Each of the above hypotheses has a number of gaps, which casts doubt on their validity. The only thing that can be said with certainty is that the first man on earth appeared millions of years ago, and many generations passed until people reached the modern level of development.