The history of the village of Arti, as well as most of the cities and towns of the Urals, is, first of all, the history of the plant. It was at the small Artinsky plant that two unique productions for the country united: the production of braids and needles for sewing machines.
History of the village
The birthday of the village, which is usually celebrated here on August 3, is a very arbitrary date. For example, he could celebrate now not 230 years, but 250 - if we consider the birth of the village the year of construction of the first flour mill - property Count Alexander Stroganov on the Artya river. Well, in 1783, the construction of a plant for forging cast iron began here.
The start of the construction of the plant dragged on for more than ten years. In 1770, the mill at Stroganov bought out the Tula merchant Larion Luginin. He was interested not so much in a mill on the banks of an obscure river that flows into Ufa how much possibility "raise on the river Artya one blast furnace and five hammers operated by water". That is, he acquired a potential plant.
Two years later, this plant really began to be built, but broke out Pugachev rebellion, which nullified all Luginin's plans - he died, completely ruined. his grandson Nicholas, a lieutenant of the Life Guards and a fair reveler, nevertheless became sufficiently interested in the inheritance to complete the construction of the plant. This happened in 1783, which today is celebrated as the year of the foundation of the village.
However, the plant operating on imported ore was unprofitable, and then already Captain Luginin, like his grandfather, declared himself bankrupt. The plant was transferred to the state treasury, after which the Moscow merchant Knauf decided to rent it. He invested in production (after all, he was promised to leave the factory “in perpetual possession”) and in 1809 began to produce braids, and in a big way. And then the state, "come to its senses", took Knauf factory back.
The well-established production, of course, was preserved and over the years has reached such perfection that these braids were noted at numerous exhibitions, including London(1851) and paris(1867). In Soviet times Artinsky plant remained the only enterprise in the country that produces braids. And in 1941 he was evacuated here Podolsk needle factory, which also remained the only one in the whole country.
Both of these productions Artie exist to this day, and has become not only a symbol of this village, but also glorified it as the only one in Russia that takes place in Artie since 2011.
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Flag of Arti |
Coat of arms of Artie |
| The country | Russia |
| Subject of the federation | Sverdlovsk region |
| Municipal area | Artinsky urban district |
| Coordinates | Coordinates: 56°25′02″ s. sh. 58°32′13″ E / 56.417222° N sh. 58.536944° E d. (G) (O) (I) 56 ° 25′02 ″ s. sh. 58°32′13″ E / 56.417222° N sh. 58.536944° E d. (G) (O) (I) |
| Telephone code | +7 34391 |
| Founded | 1783 |
| OKATO code | 46 241 562 |
| Timezone | UTC+6 |
| Population | ▼ 13,408 people (2010) |
| Postcode | 623340 |
| car code | 66, 96 |
| PGT with | 1929 |
Arti is an urban-type settlement in the Artinsky district of the Sverdlovsk region of Russia. It is the administrative center of the Artinsky urban district.
The village is located on the Artya River (a tributary of Ufa), 178 km southwest of Yekaterinburg.
Population 13.4 thousand inhabitants (2009).
Famous people
Story
The history of the settlement begins in 1753, when Count Stroganov built a mill on the Arte River. After some time, the Tula merchant Luginin became the owner of the mill. Deciding that instead of a mill it would be more profitable to build an iron-working, hammer enterprise, he began the construction of a plant. Raw materials for production had to come from their own iron foundries Satka, Zlatoust and Kusinsky plants. In 1778 Luginin died, but his work was continued by his grandchildren.
The construction of the plant began in 1783. And then there was a settlement at the factory. Then a dam was built on the banks of the Artya River. The factory grew, and so did the factory settlement. In 1839, a stone single-altar Vvedensky church was built.
By the end of the 18th century, there were 100 manor houses, 234 huts and more than a thousand people living in Arty. In 1786 a wooden hospital was built.
In the 19th century, the factory was acquired by the breeder Knauf, and after his death, the Artinsky factory became the property of the state. By the third quarter of the 19th century, the settlement had grown significantly. A hospital, a pharmacy, a school, and shops were built. At the same time, trade fairs were regularly held in Arty. Hundreds of carts from Kazan, Irbit, Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk, Kungur, Krasnoufimsk gathered at the factory square, and the population of the village increased almost fivefold.
The status of an urban-type settlement has been since 1929.
In 1931, the Vvedensky Church was closed, demolished, and the place was built up. Demolished and two wooden chapels built in late XIX century in the village.
And even now, after more than two centuries, the same Molotov ironworks, which has now become a mechanical one, is a city-forming enterprise.
Urban village Artie located on the banks of the Artya River, just south of its confluence with the Ufa River.
The first settlements on the territory of the Artinsky district, which have survived to the present day, appeared about 4 centuries ago. The oldest of them is the village of Manchazh ( 1652 year), Azigulovo and Bakykovo ( 1655 ). First the Bashkirs settled in our lands, then the Tatars, Mari, Russians came. The ancient villages that arose then were part of the Krasnoufimsky district of the Perm province.
The appearance of the first inhabitants on the site of the modern village of Arti dates back to the second quarter of the 18th century. AT 1745 The Mari village of Aponasul (Afonaskovo) arose here. The Mari from the Vyatka province moved to these lands. In the document defining the conditions of residence - " serf note", compiled between the owners of the land - the Bashkirs and newcomers, dated 1745, it was reported: " We, the Bashkirs, ceded our patrimonial land to the Cheremis, and to be their yards, land, forests and hay meadows, to own the side land, to catch animals and fish ... 20 years for them, the Bashkirs, do not enter those lands, but only take dues of 10 rubles in year".
Soon after the Mari, Russian settlers from the Kazan and Perm provinces also came to this territory.
In the 18th century, by decree of Tsar Peter I, ironworks began to appear in the Urals to supply Russia with metal and weapons. With such a favorable environment for the development of the metallurgical industry, Baron Sergei Grigorievich Stroganov 1753 bought land for a pittance for the construction of a plant. These places were chosen for a reason: water to drive water wheels and all other technological drives, the abundance of forests in the Arti River basin both for construction needs and for making charcoal for blast furnaces and forges were the main factors that determined the choice of the place.
AT 1783 the village of Arti appeared. In 1787, the Artinsky plant was founded, which soon began to produce its first products. Our plant was and remains the only enterprise in the country that produced agricultural scythes, sickles, and, since the middle of the 20th century, sewing needles. Arti is the birthplace of the Russian braid. The outstanding scientist Pavel Petrovich Anosov worked on improving the technology of its production in the 19th century, who also discovered the secret of damask steel.
In addition, the plant produces shovels, pitchforks, other garden tools, stairs, consumer goods, auto parts and other products. As in past centuries, he produces a lot of goods abroad, participates in various industrial exhibitions and often receives diplomas and titles.
The development of the Artinsky plant took place during the 19th century. With 1811 year he became a state. With meager earnings and difficult working conditions for workers (as noted in " The development of capitalism in Russia"V.I. Lenin), the plant, however, did small village Arti was a large settlement, and later became a city-forming enterprise that formed the modern Artinsky district. The plant developed especially successfully in Soviet times.
Volosts, counties and provinces were abolished in Soviet times. AT 1923 Artinsky district became part of the Kungursky district of the Ural region. On December 19, 1923, a district party conference was held in the village of Arti, at which a district party committee was elected. The next day, the first congress of the District Soviets elected the District Executive Committee. T.S. Leushkanov became the first secretary of the Republic of Kazakhstan of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, and Alexei Ivanovich Bebnev became the chairman of the executive committee.
In 1929 the working settlement of Arti received the status urban-type settlements.
The territory of the Artinsky district then occupied an area of 946 sq. km., which is almost three times smaller than the modern one. 31560 people lived in 75 settlements. In the intervening years since then, there have been two more changes.
In 1962, the districts were enlarged. The territories of Artinsky, Manchazhsky, Sazhinsky and other regions were transferred to Krasnoufimsky. Two years later - in 1964 year - Artinsky district was restored. It also included the former until 1962 Manchazhsky and Sazhinsky districts.
Now the area of the district is 277.7 thousand hectares, 31.2 thousand people live in 58 settlements. Artinsky district unites 17 rural and one settlement administrations.
Settlements occupy 19.053 thousand hectares. the territory of the district, 175 thousand hectares. - agricultural land, 78 thousand hectares. - forests. The center of the Artinsky urban district is the village of Arti. As before, the Artinsky district is multinational. Russians, Tatars, Maris and representatives of other nationalities live on its territory.
Artinsky district is agricultural. There are 16 agricultural enterprises in the district various forms property with a farmland area of 134.980 thousand hectares, of which 111.196 thousand hectares are arable land. In addition to large agricultural enterprises, the successors of state farms, 30 peasant farms are working well.
As well as hundred, and two hundred years ago JSC "Artinsky zavod" is the city-forming enterprise of Arti village. As before, the plant's products are known in many countries.
The housing and communal services of the Artinsk urban district are represented by the enterprises of MUP Artinskaya Teplotekhnika, MUP ZhKH-Arti, as well as municipal unitary enterprises Sazhinsky and Manchazhsky housing and communal services.
Since the formation of the district, the district consumer society has been actively developing on the territory, which to this day remains the strongest trade organization, uniting 92 retail facilities, of which 89 are shops. Back in 1914, there were 29 merchants in the Artinsky district, including 3 merchants. But trade was practiced much more widely, and was not limited to the activities of the merchants. At least two fairs a year were held in each volost center. Over time, there was a need to cooperate efforts to promote goods to customers. There was cooperation. Artinsk RAIPO remains true to cooperative principles, providing villagers with essential goods, processing vegetables and berries, and harvesting surplus agricultural products. The consumer cooperation is also engaged in charitable activities, providing assistance to schools, hospitals and other social institutions. The competition of the RAIPO network is currently made up of shops of private entrepreneurs, where the range of goods, types of services and their quality inspire the respect of buyers and visitors.
From 1917 to the present, the forms of forestry management have changed more than 20 times. Now the forestry of the Artinsky district is represented by the Artinsky branch of the state unitary enterprise of the Sverdlovsk region "Forestry Production Association"; Artinskoe, Sazhinskoe and Potashkinskoe forestries of the state institution of the Sverdlovsk region "Krasnoufimskoe forestry", occupying 112,586 hectares. On the territory of forestries there are natural monuments - the Sabarsky section of dark coniferous forests and broad-leaved forests, sections of mountain feather grass steppes, Potashkinskaya oak forest.
Back in the 18th century, the medical board was considered the highest body in the management of medical affairs in Russia. In 1812, the surgeon Baron Sigismund von Tizenhausen worked in the hospital of the Artinsky Plant. In those days, the district doctor was charged with serving 89 settlements, there was no emergency room, so the majority of the population had to do without medical care. Currently, the municipal institution "Artinsk Central District Hospital" (with departments: polyclinic, obstetrics and gynecology, infectious diseases, neurological, therapeutic, surgical, dentistry and orthopedics, children's and women's consultations) operates on the territory of the Artinsky urban district, and in rural areas - 31 feldsher obstetric points, 9 general medical practices have been opened.
In June 1918, the Artin Volost Revolutionary Committee created a Soviet public education, whose head was approved by a member of the RCP (b) Yevgeny Pavlovich Shutov. Fulfilling the Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of December 26, 1919 "On the Elimination of Illiteracy of the Population", emergency troikas were created under the volost executive committees to eliminate illiteracy. In the autumn of 1920, 8 literacy schools were opened, and in large villages - 21 points for the elimination of illiteracy, where 899 people studied. Now in Artinsky district 21 educational institution, 21 Kindergarten, night school. Additional education children of our district can get in the children's art school, vocational - in the Artinsky vocational school. In addition, in their free time, schoolchildren are engaged in circles and sections of the Center children's creativity, children's youth sports school, sports complex "Start". There are 15 children's, teenage and youth clubs on the territory of the district.
Before October revolution there was not a single cultural institution in the Artinsky district, except for the volost library in the village of Arti. From October 1, 1919, gradually, mainly at the initiative of the Komsomol members, people's houses and clubs, reading rooms began to open. Cultural and educational institutions tried to bring culture to the masses of the working people and exert a beneficial influence on their mood. The same task still faces the workers of 27 Houses of Culture and rural clubs, 27 public libraries.Outside the Sverdlovsk region, the collectives "Cholga Shudyr" are known ( Bright Star), "Mura Pamash" (Song Spring), "Udyr Siy" (Girl's Trouble), Azigulovsky Folk Theater. There is a sports and fitness center in the village of Manchazh, one of two in countryside in area.
Artinsky district is distinguished by a high concentration of strong, courageous, worthy citizens of Russia. During the years of the Great Patriotic War seven soldiers from our small region became Heroes of the Soviet Union.
In the year of the collapse of the country, the Decree of the President of the RSFSR " On some questions of the activities of executive authorities in the RSFSR". In accordance with it, from December 6, 1991, by a decree of the Head of the Administration of the Artinsky District " On the termination of the powers of the executive committee of the Artinsky District Council of People's Deputies"The powers of the executive committee of the Artinsky District Council as an executive and administrative body were terminated. The Head of the Administration of the Artinsky District became the successor of the executive committee.
August 7, 1995 The decision of the referendum On the results of voting in the local referendum"Municipality created Artinsky district.
With 01.01.2006 year in accordance with Federal Law No. 131-FZ dated 06.10.2003 " On the general principles of the organization of local self-government in Russian Federation ", regional law No. 88-OZ dated 12.10.2004 " About setting boundaries municipality Artinsky district and granting it the status of an urban district"educated Artinsky urban district.