Not long ago, a white cake shone in our window, And now silver horns suddenly burn in the Bull's window. At night, there is one golden orange in the sky. Two weeks have passed, we have not eaten the orange. But only the orange slice remained in the sky.
Even in ancient times, people noticed that the moon changes its shape. Either it looks like a round plate, or it is a sickle, which they called the Moon. People could not explain this phenomenon and invented fairy tales and legends. Listen to one such story.
"Why the Moon does not have a dress" (fairy tale) The Moon decided to sew a dress for himself. The tailor took his measurements and sat down to work. At the appointed time, the Moon came for the dress. The dress is tight and short. “I must have made a mistake,” says the tailor. And got back to work. At the appointed time, the Moon came for the dress. Again, the dress is small. - It is evident, and now I was mistaken, - said the tailor. And he began to cut and sew again. For the third time, the Moon came to the tailor. The tailor saw: a round Moon was walking across the sky, not the Moon, but the whole Moon, and twice as wide as the dress that he had just sewn. What was a tailor to do? He took off running. I was looking for him for a month, I was looking for him, but I did not find him. And so the Month remained without a dress.
To explain this phenomenon, you need to know one secret of the moon. The secret is in how she shines. The sun is a flaming ball, it itself emits light, but the moon itself does not shine. It only reflects the rays and sends them to the Earth.
Since it does not shine, we see only that part of it that is illuminated by the sun. At different times, the Sun illuminates the Moon in different ways. Therefore, it seems to us that its form is changing. But in fact, it does not change its shape.
On the moon, you can see dark and light spots. The light ones are the lunar seas. In fact, there is not a drop of water in these seas. Previously, people did not know this, which is why they called them seas. Dark spots are flat areas (plains)
Lunar craters are visible everywhere on the Moon, which were formed from impacts of meteorites - stones that fell from space. The entire surface of the moon is covered with a thick layer of dust. It looks like it hasn't been dusted for years. On the surface of the moon during the day there is heat up to 130 degrees, and at night - frost - 170 degrees.
Rotation of the Moon around the Earth. The moon moves around the earth and circles it once a month.
What is a satellite? A satellite is a celestial body that moves around a larger body. The natural satellites of the planets are their natural satellites, that is, those that are not created by man.
The cycle of lunar phases begins with the young moon. This happens when the Moon is between the Earth and the Sun. The young moon is not visible. Then the side of the Moon facing the Earth begins to be illuminated by the Sun. The illuminated part looks like a thin, narrow slice of a circle. It is called the waxing moon.
The solar part of the Moon grows rapidly and reaches a semicircle. This is called the first quarter. Then the surface of the moon is less and less illuminated and reaches the last quarter. So the cycle ends and is replaced by a new, young, growing moon. A full cycle from one young moon to another takes 29.5 days.
The Earth is separated from the Moon by a distance of 384,000 kilometers. On a space rocket this distance can be covered in 2-3 days.
From Earth, the moon is studied with a telescope. People have managed to visit the moon several times. The study of the moon is carried out with the help of moon rovers.
Lunar seas. Grayish spots on the moon in the old days, people considered the seas. In these "seas" there is not a drop of water. The lunar "seas" are deep depressions covered with hardened volcanic mass. The color of this mass is darker than the surrounding stones, so it is clearly visible from the Earth. Although scientists now know that there are no seas on the Moon, they have decided not to change the names on the map of this planet.
Therefore, there you can find the Ocean of Storms, the Sea of Clouds, the Sea of Rains and many other seas.
Mountainous regions of the Moon. The bright parts of the Moon are its mountainous regions. There are high mountain ranges on the Moon and many ring mountains - craters. Craters are large pits surrounded by hills. Some of these craters were formed when meteorites fell on the Moon. The largest craters were formed during volcanic eruptions.
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Why is the moon different? Textbook: The world around. 1 class. Pleshakov A.A. Teacher: Antipova I.I. Moscow, 2016
Why is the moon different?
The cycle of lunar phases begins with the young moon. This happens when the Moon is between the Earth and the Sun. The young moon is not visible. Then the side of the Moon facing the Earth begins to be illuminated by the Sun. The illuminated part looks like a thin, narrow slice of a circle. It is called the waxing moon.
The solar part of the Moon grows rapidly and reaches a semicircle. This is called the first quarter. Then the surface of the moon is less and less illuminated and reaches the last quarter. So the cycle ends and is replaced by a new, young, growing moon. A full cycle from one young moon to another takes 29.5 days.
The moon itself does not emit light, it, like a mirror, reflects the light of the sun. Secret of the Moon. How she shines..
What is a satellite? A satellite is a celestial body that moves around a larger body. The natural satellites of the planets are their natural satellites, that is, those that are not created by man.
The Earth is 6 times larger than the Moon. The moon is a satellite of the earth. Compare the sizes of the Earth and the Moon.
Rotation of the Moon around the Earth. The moon moves around the earth and circles it once a month.
The Earth is separated from the Moon by a distance of 384,000 kilometers. On a space rocket, this distance can be overcome in 2-3 days.
How do scientists study the moon?
There are dark and light spots on the moon. The bright spots are lunar seas, but there is no water in them. Dark spots are flat areas. Lunar craters are visible on the Moon. They were formed from impacts of meteorites - stones that fell from space. What do we see on the surface of the moon when we look through a telescope?
Lunar seas. Grayish spots on the moon in the old days, people considered the seas. In these "seas" there is not a drop of water. The lunar "seas" are deep depressions covered with hardened volcanic mass. The color of this mass is darker than the surrounding stones, so it is clearly visible from the Earth. Although scientists now know that there are no seas on the Moon, they have decided not to change the names on the map of this planet.
Therefore, there you can find the Ocean of Storms, the Sea of Clouds, the Sea of Rains and many other seas.
Mountainous regions of the Moon. The bright parts of the Moon are its mountainous regions. There are high mountain ranges on the Moon and many ring mountains - craters. Craters are large pits surrounded by hills. Some of these craters were formed when meteorites fell on the Moon. The largest craters were formed during volcanic eruptions.
Lunokhod. An automatic apparatus, controlled from the Earth by radio, which was sent to the Moon.
Why don't people live on the moon? There is no air on the moon. There is no grass or trees here either. Around one dust and stone desert.
The day lasts for two weeks, then the night lasts for two weeks. During such a long day, the surface of the moon has time to heat up to a temperature of + 130 degrees. When night falls, the stones quickly cool down and the frost reaches a temperature of 170 degrees.
1. If you want to jump, keep in mind that you will jump 6 times higher than on Earth, and you will fall much more slowly. The force of gravity on the moon is 6 times less. 2. If you go for a walk, look under your feet. The entire surface is littered with rocks that fall from space. 3. Don't forget to take a watch with a calendar. On the Moon, one of our days lasts 2 of our weeks. 4. You won't need an umbrella: it doesn't rain on the moon. There is no water at all, no clouds, fogs and rainbows. Rains only meteoritic and stone. 5. Do not forget that you can only talk with the help of Radio Transmitters. There are no sounds on the moon. This is because there is no atmosphere. 6. Think about how you will breathe? After all, there is no air on the moon. 7. Think about how you dress, because during the day the surface of the moon heats up to +130 degrees, and at night it cools down to -170 degrees. A few tips for flying to the moon
Thank you for your attention!!
As you know, the moon does not emit light, but only reflects it. And therefore in the sky only that side of it, which is illuminated by the Sun, is always visible. This side is called the day side. Moving across the sky from west to east, the Moon overtakes and overtakes the Sun during the month. There is a change in the relative position of the Moon, Earth and Sun. In this case, the sun's rays change the angle of incidence on the lunar surface and therefore the part of the Moon visible from the Earth changes. The movement of the moon across the sky is usually divided into phases that are directly related to its modification: new moon, young moon, first quarter, full moon and last quarter.
Moon observations
The moon is a spherical celestial body. That is why, when it is partially illuminated by sunlight from the side, the appearance of a “sickle” appears. By the way, by the illuminated side of the Moon, you can always determine which side the Sun is on, even if it is hidden behind the horizon.
The duration of the complete change of all lunar phases is usually called the synodic month and it ranges from 29.25 to 29.83 Earth solar days. The duration of the synodic month varies due to the elliptical shape of the lunar orbit.
On the new moon, the disk of the Moon is absolutely invisible in the night sky, since at that time it is located as close as possible to the Sun and at the same time faces the Earth at night.
Next comes the new moon phase. During this period of time, for the first time in a synodic month, the Moon becomes visible in the night sky in the form of a narrow crescent and can be observed at dusk a few minutes before it sets.
Next comes the first quarter. This is the phase in which exactly half of its visible part is illuminated, as in the last quarter. The only difference is that in the first quarter, the proportion of the illuminated part at this moment increases.
The full moon is the phase in which the lunar disk is visible clearly and completely. During the full moon, for several hours, one can observe the so-called opposition effect, in which the brightness of the lunar disk noticeably increases, while its size remains the same. This phenomenon is explained quite simply: for an earthly observer, at this moment all shadows on the surface of the Moon disappear.
There are also phases of the growing, waning and old moon. All of them are characterized by a very narrow crescent of the Moon, a greyish-ashy color typical of these phases.
From all of the above, we can conclude that, in fact, nothing obscures the Moon. It just changes the angle of its illumination by the sun's rays.
Lesson Objectives: to give an idea to first graders about the Moon - a natural satellite of the Earth, about the shape of the Moon, why the Moon is different, how people study the Moon.
Lesson objectives:
- Educational: enrich the knowledge of students with information about the Moon, as a natural satellite of the Earth, its features.
- Educational:
- development of students' speech, memory, interest in the subject;
- development of skills and abilities to work on a MacBook computer;
- development of skills to work in pairs.
- Educational: education of collectivism.
Lesson equipment: multimedia projector, MacBook computers.
DURING THE CLASSES
1. Organizational moment. Greetings
Presentation ,1 slide- The world
2. Updating knowledge
Questions about the material covered in the previous lesson
2 slide- Riddles about the sun and stars
Riddles(Sun, stars)
What do you know about the sun?
What do you know about the stars?
What time of day can we see the Sun?
- What about the stars?
3. Motivation for learning activities
- And to find out what else you can see in the sky at night, guess the riddle.
3 slide- riddle about the moon
4. Work on the topic of the lesson
- Well done! And today we will talk about the moon. Namely, why is the moon different?
4 slide- The topic of the lesson is "Why is the moon different?"
5 slide- Objectives of the lesson:
- Today at the lesson, guys, we
- find out what the moon is.
- find out what shape the moon has.
- find out why the moon looks different.
- learn how people study the moon.
- So, let's begin. The first thing we need to know is what is the moon? Let's go into space for a moment
6 slide– Galaxy (teacher reads a poem)
The planets around the Sun dance like children:
Mercury starts their round dance,
A little further Venus floats in space.
We meet the Earth next to the Moon
And the fiery Mars that circles the Earth.
Behind them is Jupiter, of all the giants,
And then we see Saturn in the rings.
The last three are barely visible
Gloomy and cold, but we distinguish them:
Uranus and Neptune and baby Pluto...
- All the planets, guys, revolve around the Sun and their imaginary axis. And some planets have moons.
- What is a satellite?
7 slide The satellite is...
- So, guys, the satellites that nature itself created and that revolve around the planets are called natural, or natural. Such a satellite for our Earth is the Moon.
8 slide– The moon around the Earth is a natural satellite
- And satellites created by man are called artificial.
9 slide– artificial satellite
- Man launches them into space for certain purposes, for example: to observe the weather, for scientific research and other purposes.
But back to Luna. The moon is a satellite. It revolves around the Earth, but does not rotate on its own axis.
10 slide– Moon from space
- Having been in space, the astronauts photographed the moon. Look at the screen, this is what the moon looks like in outer space.
- And what color do we see the Moon from the Earth, when there is an opportunity to observe it?
11 slide– Yellow Moon
- And why?
The moon itself does not emit light. It is like a mirror reflecting the light of the sun. Since the moon itself does not shine, we can only see that part of it that is illuminated by the Sun. At different times, the Sun illuminates the Moon in different ways. Therefore, it seems to us that its form is changing.
12 slide- Moon phases
Scientists call these shapes the phases of the moon. When the moon is between the earth and the sun, the unlit half of the moon is facing the earth, and the moon is not visible in the sky . This phase is called the new moon. After 2-3 days, the moon appears in the sky in the form of a narrow sickle. It's a new month . It increases every day. And over time, the moon takes the form of a whole disk - this is a full moon . The Earth is already between the Sun and the Moon. Then the moon begins to decrease and again becomes a sickle.
13 slide- Screensaver while working on MacBook
- And now, guys, open the computers and draw in the program "Pervologo" one of the phases of the moon, which we see from the Earth. Work in pairs.
Now let's fly into space.
14 slide- Separates from the Moon to the Earth ...
Fizminutka
One-two, there is a rocket (children raise their hands up)
Three-four, take off soon (spread arms out to sides)
To fly to the sun (circle with hands)
Astronauts need a year (takes hands on cheeks, shakes head)
But dear, we are not afraid (arms to the sides, body tilts left and right)
Each of us is an athlete (bend arms at elbows)
Flying over the earth (spread arms out to sides)
Let's say hi to her (raise hands up and wave)
15 slide-Physic minute for the eyes "Stargazer"
16 slide– View from the moon
Here we are on the moon guys. Imagine and draw in the program "First Logo" what our Earth looks like from the Moon.
- Let's go back to Earth.
17 slide - American astronauts on the moon
- The moon, guys, has always attracted the attention of people. Watching the moon, people came up with many riddles, proverbs, sayings. And they really wanted to study this cosmic body.
- And the first American astronauts were on the moon 48 years ago. Their spacecraft was called Apollo 11. American astronauts explored the surface of the moon, planted the national flag, collected a collection of stones, took photos and filmed.
18 slide– Lunokhod
– Science was moving forward, astronautics was developing, the Moon was fraught with many secrets and people came up with a lunar rover to study it. This is a robot for collecting material from space objects,
on remote control. The study of the moon showed that there is neither air nor water on the moon ...
19 slide– Craters of the Moon
- Guys, let's look through a telescope, a device that magnifies the image several times. And through this device we will examine the surface of the moon. What do we see on this surface? Circles, dark spots, mountains. On the Moon you can see dark and light spots, the light ones are the lunar seas. But in fact, there is not a drop of water in them. Previously, people did not know this, which is why they called them seas. Dark spots are flat areas, plains. Lunar craters are visible everywhere on the Moon, which were formed from impacts of meteorites - stones that fell from space. The entire surface of the moon is covered with a thick layer of dust, as if it had not been wiped off for many, many years. During the day it is very hot on the Moon, the temperature reaches up to + 130 g, and at night it is very cold, up to - 170 g.
20 slide Why don't people live on the moon?
5. Summary of the lesson
“So guys, our study of the moon is coming to an end. We have done a lot in class. Answered all questions.
Let's check how you learned new knowledge. Complete the test task (yes +, no -)
21 slide– Test
Now check if you have completed this task correctly.
22 slide- Check yourself
6. Reflection of educational activity
- Guys, give your assessment of today's lesson. Draw a smiley mouth. If you liked the lesson - a smile, and if not - chagrin.
23 slide– Emoticons
– Thanks everyone for the lesson. Well done!
Watching the moon, people have long noticed that its appearance in the evening sky is changing. Now it is full, round, then one half of it is visible, then it is a narrow sickle. What happens to her? It turns out that nothing happened to her. The moon always remains a solid, stone ball, whole and unharmed. What actually changes is the magnitude of the illuminated surface that we see. Like all planets, the Moon does not glow on its own. Light is only part of the lunar ball,. The rest of the moon remains dark.
The Moon is the Earth's satellite. It revolves around ours, and it takes almost a month for each revolution. In this case, the Moon turns either fully illuminated side, then partially illuminated, then dark. That is why its appearance on ours is constantly changing during the month.
When the Moon is between the Earth and the Sun, then its unlit half is turned towards us. Therefore, during this period (new moon), we do not see it at all (see Fig. 1).
When the Moon is illuminated from the side, we see half of its illuminated part (see Fig. 2).
When the Moon turns out to be from the Earth on the other side, it faces us with the entire illuminated half of the lunar globe. We see a glowing circle in the sky. This period is called the full moon (see Fig. 3).
Secrets of the beauty of the moon
The surface of the moon has many different wonders. Earth scientists are still scratching their heads over these wonders. Let's look, for example, at the so-called Straight Wall. This is one of the most amazing structures on the moon. It looks like a very straight line drawn along a ruler in the form of a step, as high as a huge skyscraper. And the length of this step is almost 100 meters.
And on the Moon there are light, diverging from the craters on several different sides. How such rays are obtained, still no one knows.
Also, scientists cannot solve the question of the origin of the Moon, its formation in ancient times, about five billion years ago. Maybe it was hot at first, and then slowly cooled down, or, quite the contrary, was it completely cold, and after that it began to warm up? What is the connection between our planet and its satellite, the Moon?
Sometimes it even seems that the more we learn about the Moon, the more and more many new ones appear on it, and a lot of new questions are born.