Conducting a lesson on the organization of working time. How to organize working hours so as not to be exhausted and have time for everything. Rules for scheduling the working day

The rational organization of the manager's working day in accordance with life plans and the scientific organization of labor is important for the effectiveness of managerial activity.

Book materials used: Galkovy R.S., Nabokov V.I. Fundamentals of management. - M.: INFRA-M, 1998. - S. 133-139; Reznik S.D. and etc. Personal management: Textbook, manual. - M.: INFRA-M, 2002. - 619 p.

The working day of a manager can be roughly divided into five parts.

In accordance with this, the organizational principles of the daily routine can also be divided into three groups.

Morning of the working day (from b to 8 h)

1. Try to get up at the same time on weekdays. No need to bask in bed - this is a guarantee of being late.
2. Personal hygiene first or gymnastics first? It is up to everyone to decide.
3. Gymnastics should not be long (up to 15 minutes) and exhausting (jogging 1-2 km). Gymnastics is the "shaking and lubrication" of the human body, and not sports training.
4. After gymnastics, take a contrast shower: 1 min - warm water(30-35°), and then 2-3 minutes - cold water (6-10°) in the form of dousing all parts of the body with a strong stream of water. If you take this as a daily rule, you will not get sick with any colds.
5. Breakfast should be solid and consist of 2-3 courses. A cup of tea or coffee with a sandwich is not breakfast, but a light snack. Leaving for work without breakfast is a crime against yourself.
6. The road to work (1.0-1.5 hours) is an objective reality to listen to news or music in the car, read a book with large print in the subway and other transport. If you spend 2 hours or more on the road, we recommend finding a place closer to home.
7. You need to come to work cheerful, cheerful and friendly. Never talk to anyone about your problems.

The golden rule of life. Never talk about old age, poverty and disease!

Rules for the beginning of the day (from 8 a.m. to 11 a.m.)

1. Every day ask yourself the question: how can this day bring me closer to my goals?
2. Start your day in a positive mood. Forget the failures and stresses of the previous day.
3. Who do you need to meet today? Who needs to call?
4. What difficulties and problems can this day bring and how can they be overcome?
5. Write down the urgent tasks of the day. Rank them in order of importance. Start by doing the most important, urgent tasks of the day.
6. Write "elephant tasks" (business plan, new project, computer program, etc.), which can be solved in parts.
7. Mark in red the meetings you must attend.
8. Take the necessary regulatory documents from the cabinet and lay them out on the desktop.
9. Take time to analyze and sign documents, because during the day you will be so busy with current affairs that you can hardly devote enough time to the most important issues.
10. Coordinate the day's plan, deadlines, and priorities with the secretary, who is your partner in creating the normative conditions for activities.
11. Every 1.5 hours, set aside 10 minutes for gymnastics, personal hygiene, or a massage simulator.

Rules of the main part of the day (from 11 am to 4 pm)

1. Save your own work time by preparing for a conversation or meeting. Set aside at least 1 hour for creative analytical work.
2. Set acceptable deadlines for completing the task, the time for “elephant tasks” can always be postponed.
3. Do not be distracted by solving problems that have suddenly arisen, if this is not an emergency. Unforeseen situations arise in every enterprise, but distraction to them leads to the fact that planned important tasks are postponed.
4. Avoid unplanned impulsive actions. If you want to do something else while you work, such as calling someone, consider whether this will interfere with your current work.
5. When completing a task, you have an interesting idea or important information - you should make a short note and process it later as a “backup idea”.
6. Take regular (after 1.5 hours of work) short pauses of 10 minutes. Consider pauses as recharging with energy during rest, coffee breaks and gymnastics.
7. Combine small homogeneous tasks into work units. Thanks to the continuity of the process, time is saved.
8. Try to complete any business you start (except for “elephant tasks”). A lot of time is spent on distraction from the main thing, because when you return to it, you have to repeat again what has already been done once.
9. Try to have lunch at the same time. Allow at least 30 minutes for this. Never use it as a backup for work. "Share lunch with a friend."
10. Use organizational and technical breaks (transport crossings, waiting at the reception, copying information) for preparatory or informational activities.
11. Work as rhythmically as possible. Complete your most important scheduled tasks during a quieter pre-lunch period or at the end of the work day when most employees have left work.
12. Use the "restless" period to perform technical or operational tasks. During this period, employees have access to you (“green hour”).

Rules for the end of the working day (from 16 to 18 hours)

1. Try to hold your meetings at this time, which depend on you, or make scheduled visits to other parts of the organization.
2. Reserve one quiet or closed hour for important tasks, during which no one can interfere with you (“red light”).
3. Set a time for yourself (1 hour), put it in your daily plan and use it to solve “elephant tasks” that are long-term in nature, for example, to improve your skills.
4. Control the results of work, i.e. compare what was planned in the plan of the day with what was actually done, taking into account the goals set and deviations from them.
5. Control work time, recheck your daily plans in terms of their implementation and setting new priorities.
6. Review the work week plan. When planning for the next day the night before, use an organizer, a time manager, and a computer system.
7. Go home in a good mood. Every day should have its climax. In terms of a positive lifestyle, it is important to be aware of the quality and value of each day.

These rules should serve as an impetus for drawing up a plan for the day, although they are advisory in nature. Evaluate individual rules based on how ready you are to use them and find your personal style.

Rules for organizing free time (from 18:00 to 22:00)

1. Allocate time for the road from work to home with a margin "for traffic jams" (1.0-1.5 hours).
2. Try to have dinner at the same time, preferably from 19:00 to 20:00. Dinner should not be excessively plentiful, but it should not be "given away to the enemy."
3. Set aside time for the family (wife, children, parents), when you can calmly talk, play with the children. Visit your parents or relatives if you live separately, preferably on weekends.
4. Dedicate 1 to 2 hours daily to the overall development of your personality ( foreign language, mastering a computer, preparing a personal presentation, working on a dissertation, reading literature, etc.).
5. Be sure to watch the news on one of your favorite programs (Channel 1, Vesti, Rossii, NTV, SLTU, etc.). You must always be aware of political events.
6. Try not to watch stressful movies at night (thrillers, horrors, dramas, soap operas). Leave them for the day off.
7. Set aside time at least 2 times a week in the evening for fitness, pool, football, hockey, tennis, etc., but do not turn it into exhausting workouts. Leave them for the day off.
8. Before going to bed, be sure to take a walk in the park, in the yard, along the embankment, along a quiet street. The duration of the walk should be from 0.5 to 1.0 hours. It is good to take your children and spouse with you. Make it a mandatory daily rule!
9. Go to bed at the same time, no later than 11 p.m. It is believed that 2 hours before midnight is the best time to sleep.
10. If you suffer from insomnia, then do not occupy your head with reading, watching TV or self-flagellation. Sometimes at this time brilliant ideas come up that need to be written down.

Human performance

The performance of each person is subject to certain fluctuations that occur within the framework of the natural rhythm, and, of course, depends on his type: “lark” or “owl”. Average statistical fluctuations in working capacity during the day for normal person can be described using the curve shown in Fig. 20.3. It can be seen from the figure that two-hour periods adjoin the phases of highest activity, during which the human body works in peak mode (8-11, 15-17, 19-21 hours). Peak performance occurs in the first half of the day, and therefore complex tasks should be performed at the beginning of the day. After the highest activity, a well-known decline in productivity occurs (12-14, 17-19 hours). You need to use this period for social contacts and routine activities. At the end of the working day, it is better to set aside time for rest and family.

Rice. 20.3. Average fluctuations in human performance

fluctuations in your individual performance, as each person has some deviations from the norm. In this regard, you need to determine your individual daily rhythm and, based on systematic observations, build your own "performance curve". In addition, you should compare your work schedule with this work schedule and decide how best to align it, including the timing of important tasks with your work capacity. It is also recommended, in accordance with fluctuations in working capacity, to alternate intense, responsible activities with less important and relaxed ones.

Sometimes it may seem that 24 hours a day is not enough to do everything. A properly drawn up daily routine will allow you to clearly plan the day so that there is still free time.

What you need to know if you do not know how to make a daily routine?

There are four basic rules. First, plan your future day in the evening. It is good to do this schematically and put the sheet in a conspicuous place. So you can save time. How to do everything? Here is a sample daily schedule:

7.00 - rise.
7.00-8.00 - morning exercises, hygiene procedures, breakfast.
8.00-12.00 - work.
12.00-13.00 - lunch, rest.
13.00-17.00 - work
17.00-19.00 - sports.
19.00-20.00 - dinner.
20.00-22.00 - personal time, family the next day.
22.00 - going to bed.

Secondly, plan only those things that you enjoy doing. If you do something that you don't like, then you will quickly get tired and begin to feel uncomfortable. Third, get your priorities right. Get yourself a diary (dated) and write things down in order of importance. For example:

Issues that need to be addressed immediately.
Important but not very urgent matters.
Tasks that can be completed on another day. A dated diary is necessary not only for setting goals, but also for various ideas that come to your mind. It is impossible to remember everything, and this method will allow you not to miss important thoughts.

Fourth, find time to relax - this is a must. However, if there are unfinished tasks left, try to solve them on the day off, because tomorrow you will have to work again.

Time is money

Every business person knows how to make money. But how to manage time - units. There is even a special science - time management. She is taught by those who do not know how to make a daily routine so that time works for a person, and not vice versa. It is necessary to start with the analysis and detection of holes into which useless pastime flows. It may only be ten or fifteen minutes. However, even they are important. Just they may not be enough to complete the tasks set for the day. The second thing to do is to set goals for yourself: both short-term and long-term. It is clearly formulated desires that move a person to achieve them. Otherwise, success will not come. After that, you can plan your time. There are seven very powerful tips to help you get the job done:

The 70/30 principle. It's impossible to plan the whole day. Allocate 70% of your time and schedule tasks. Leave the remaining 30% for unforeseen circumstances and force majeure.
Today - for tomorrow. Do not be too lazy to draw up the future one in writing. This will allow you to correctly allocate time and arrive at scheduled meetings without delay. At the end of the business list, you can write commendable phrases: "You're done! But don't relax!" or "Keep it up! But there's still a lot to do!" They will encourage you to solve your problems.
Remember that the main activity occurs in the morning hours, so try to plan most of the activities for the pre-lunch time. Psychologically, it becomes easier when you realize that half of the tasks have already been completed, and there is still a whole day ahead. Then you can devote a short rest and personal calls. And after the meal, hold a couple of not very important business negotiations or a small meeting.
Take breaks! Be sure to rest every hour for 10-15 minutes. This method will allow you to work more productively and not get tired ahead of time. In moments of relaxation, it is not necessary to lie on the couch or smoke in the toilet. Use this time to your advantage: stretch, water the flowers, rearrange the folders on the shelf, read the press or get some fresh air.
Realistically assess your capabilities. To achieve unattainable goals, you will spend a lot of time and health. Set yourself tasks that you can definitely solve.
Always clean up your workplace at the end of the working day. This will save you a lot of time in the future and will allow you to put your thoughts in order. Always keep important things in the same place and freely available.
Get rid of the things you don't need. A person is used to leaving "for later", suddenly come in handy. Look around you, if you haven't used something for several months, don't hesitate to throw it in the trash.

To plan your time, you can keep a diary, a notebook or a regular notebook. Write down your goals and objectives, thoughts and ideas. And be sure to make your own schedule. A successful person can be seen from afar!

Owl or lark: it matters

Scientists have long divided people into two categories, depending on the degree of their productivity at different times of the day. It is the latter who wake up easily in the morning. In the early hours they are alert and active, but by the evening they get tired and cannot do important things. Owls, on the contrary, are hard to wake up, and their maximum activity is achieved in the evening and at night. Obviously, when planning the daily routine, it is necessary to take into account the psychotype of a person. And, for example, important meetings for "owls" should not be scheduled for the morning hours.

However, in modern world"larks" have an easier time, since basically all work in the office or in production begins in the early morning. Scientists are sure that any person, in principle, with a great desire, can change his biorhythms. Each of us is capable of turning from an "owl" into a "lark". However, this will require willpower, patience and the ability to adhere to certain rules in achieving the goal.

The biological clock

Regardless of which biological type a person belongs to, in any case, he obeys the basic laws of nature. And they say that at different hours our body behaves differently. And in order to properly use time, having time for everything, you need to know about it. The biological clock begins its work long before you wake up. It looks like this:

4 am. The body prepares for awakening, cortisone, the stress hormone, is released into the bloodstream. This time is dangerous, as there is a high probability of heart attacks, exacerbation of chronic diseases, bronchial asthma, etc.
5.00-6.00. Metabolism is activated, blood sugar and the level of amino acids rise - the body "starts" the work of all systems.
7.00. An excellent time for breakfast, as food is easily and quickly converted into energy.
8.00. The daily peak of the pain threshold is reached. At this hour, toothaches intensify, the head hurts with particular force, and bones break. It is better to postpone the appointment with the dentist for a time in the afternoon, when unpleasant syndromes will not be so pronounced.
9.00-12.00. By this time, energy reaches its maximum, the brain works well, blood circulation increases - the optimal period for fruitful work: both mental and physical.
12.00-13.00. Lunch time. The stomach digests food well, but brain activity is noticeably reduced. The body begins to require rest.
14.00. The performance is still reduced. However, this best time for dental treatment.
15.00-17.00. Blood pressure rises again, mental processes are activated, a peak of efficiency is observed.
18.00. The optimal time for dinner is to allow the body to digest food before bedtime.
19.00-20.00. This watch is ideal for taking antibiotics. Nervous system the most sensitive. The watch is designed for quiet family affairs or friendly gatherings.
21.00. This period is suitable for memorizing a large amount of information, as the brain is tuned for memorization.
22.00. Great time to fall asleep. The body is set to restore strength and energy for the next day. If you fall asleep now, you will have a sound and healthy sleep.
23.00-1.00. Metabolic activity decreases, the pulse slows down, breathing is even. Deep dream.
2.00. At this time, you may feel cold, as the body becomes especially sensitive to lower temperatures.
3.00. The hour when suicides most often occur. People have depressive thoughts. Better go to bed if you haven't already done so.

Plan your daily routine according to your biological clock. Then everything will work out for you!

The Jack Dorsey Experience

Jack Dorsey is a successful entrepreneur and founder social network Twitter. At the same time, he is acting director of the world-famous Squer company. How does he manage to combine work and leisure? It is likely that few people will like the daily routine of a businessman. But Jack's experience is truly impressive. He works 8 hours at each job, that is 16 hours a day. However, only from Monday to Friday. The remaining two days he leaves to rest. His success lies in the fact that he draws up a thematic work plan for each day, which he strictly adheres to. At the same time, he performs the assigned tasks in both companies. A manager's day looks something like this:

On Monday, he is in administration and management.
Tuesday is dedicated to manufactured products.
On Wednesday, Jack is busy with marketing and public relations.
Thursday is aimed at establishing and maintaining relationships with business partners.
On Friday, new employees are recruited and general organizational issues are resolved.

Of course, the agenda successful person very much like a workaholic's schedule. However, he always finds time for walks in the fresh air and for relaxation.

Daily routine of a successful person. Example: Winston Churchill on working from home

Everyone understands that Winston Churchill, as the head of the British government, had an irregular working day. However, despite everything, he managed to keep up with everything and stick to his daily routine. You will be surprised, but, waking up at half past seven in the morning, Winston was in no hurry to get out of bed: lying down, he read the latest press, had breakfast, sorted out his mail, and even gave out the first instructions to his secretary. And only at eleven o'clock did Churchill get up, go to wash, get dressed and go down to the garden to take a walk in the open air.

Lunch for the head of the country was served at about one in the afternoon. All family members were invited to the feast. For an hour, Winston could communicate with them at ease and enjoy the company of loved ones. After such a pastime, he began his duties with renewed vigor. Not a single working day of Winston Churchill passed without a long day's sleep. And at eight o'clock, relatives and invited guests again gathered for dinner. After that, Winston again closed himself in his office and worked for several hours in a row. Thus, the head of the British government managed to combine work with personal communication with family and friends. And this certainly made him a man not only successful, but also happy.

Daily routine for working from home

The daily routine of a businessman working from home is extremely important. The nature of the activities of some people allows you to work remotely, even without leaving home. As a rule, such workers are not accustomed to taking time to plan their working day, although for them this would be most welcome. Often they work at home without any mode: they sit at the computer until late at night, then wake up well after noon, broken and lethargic. Such workers are unlikely to ever become successful. Another thing, if you adhere to the correct daily routine, you can achieve success in your work. And also to be happy in your personal life and at the same time maintain your health. Here is an example of how to create a daily routine:

You need to get up early, no later than 7 o'clock in the morning. After waking up, take five minutes of morning exercises, take a shower and have a hearty breakfast. After that, you should not immediately rush to work. Rest a little more, let the body wake up and tune in to the working mood.
You can work from 9 to 12. Do those things that require mental stress, as at this time memory is activated, efficiency increases and the brain works better.
12.00-14.00 - Devote these two hours to preparing dinner, eating and after-dinner rest.
After that, you can start working again, but no later than until 18:00.
From 6 pm to 8 pm, dedicate yourself to the things that bring you pleasure: walks in the fresh air, activities with children, reading fiction etc.
At 20.00 you can have dinner with the whole family and gather at the TV to watch an interesting movie.
It is necessary to go to bed no later than 22 hours, because the next day you will have to wake up again early.

As you can see, the whole work is devoted to 6-8 hours. However, it is precisely this kind of your daily routine that will allow you to perform it effectively and without compromising your health and personal life.

How to fall asleep quickly?

Obviously, a full and sound sleep affects our activity throughout the day. Therefore, it is important to go to bed on time and be able to fall asleep. Follow these tips:

Read an interesting book before bed. It is much more useful than watching TV or searching for news on the Internet. While reading, the brain relaxes, and it is easier for a person to fall asleep.
Finish sports a few hours before the desired sleep. This is necessary so that blood pressure returns to normal, muscle activity decreases and the body is ready to rest.
Walking in the fresh air will favorably affect the time of falling asleep.
Don't eat heavy meals before bed.
Before going to bed, ventilate the room well.
Always wake up at the same time in the morning, even if you still feel like taking a nap.

Obviously, a well-rested and well-rested person has a healthy appearance. He is cheerful, cheerful and set up for a productive solution of tasks during the working day.

A housewife is a person too

If it seems to you that a woman who sits at home with or without children does nothing, then you are deeply mistaken. In order to understand how busy a housewife is every day, it is enough to visit her place once. Therefore, time planning is as important for her as the daily routine of a successful person. This will help to carve out at least a couple of hours for personal affairs and not become a slave. household. In order to systematize her work at least a little, a woman is invited to keep special records. The table below shows how the scheduled activities should be ranked.

As you can see, it is necessary to make a plan for important and not so important things every day. They will be performed regardless of daily duties in the form of cooking, washing dishes, walking with a pet, and so on. Cleaning the whole apartment every day, you quickly get tired of doing everything superficially. We offer you to pay attention to one room per day. However, this must be done carefully and responsibly. So you will kill two birds with one stone - you will practically not have to do a general cleaning and you will not get tired to the same extent as cleaning the entire apartment as a whole.

Let small things include such goals as changing bed linen, transplanting flowers, and more. Try to do your daily chores as well. chronological order. So you will reduce the time to solve them. For example, when you get up in the morning, make your beds first, and then start preparing breakfast. Wash dirty dishes immediately after eating, and do not save them all day (unless you have a dishwasher).

Remember! You must have at least one day off. Don't plan anything big for Saturday and Sunday. Write down on a schedule the things you can do with your family. For example, going to the grocery store. Be sure to involve your household in the work and do not hesitate to ask your husband for help. Fill out this table for the week ahead. Then you will learn how to systematize yours and will be able to find time for walks with friends, shopping for clothes and other pleasant things.

Work - time, fun - hour

Impossible to work without interruption. Even a business person needs to arrange at least one day off. We will show you how to spend it for the benefit of yourself and your family:

A working person spends too much time in the office or office. Because he just needs forays into the fresh air. A day off is the best time for this! Go on a picnic in the nearby forest with your friends. Gather berries or mushrooms. AT summer time be sure to go to the beach to the lake or the sea. Take a boat trip on a catamaran or boat. Play beach volleyball or rent bikes. Whatever you do, it will certainly benefit you.
On weekends, the city often organizes various kinds of fairs, festivities, or just small themed holidays in the park. There you can participate in competitions, enjoy the performance of actors, listen to live music, eat cotton candy or popcorn, meet old friends.
Movies are also a great excuse to relieve the stress of the past busy week. Choose the movie that will be of interest to the whole family. And after the cinema, you can go to the nearest cafe and treat yourself to delicious pizza or ice cream.
If the weather for the weekend is unlucky, you can stay at home and play board games. Or watch your favorite show. Reading interesting book will also bring a lot of pleasure.
You can plan a shopping trip for the weekend. And so that it does not look too casual, assign each family member to be responsible for a specific department in the retail facility. And order to strictly adhere to the shopping list.
Saturday and Sunday are great times to receive guests. And, of course, don't forget your parents. They also need your attention and care.

If you are a business person, do not neglect the rest. Be sure to plan your day off. This will allow you not only to keep your nerves and health, but also to start the next working week with renewed vigor and fresh thoughts. Thus, in order to achieve the intended result, you need to learn how to manage your time. Your daily routine and how many tasks you have time to solve depends largely on how competently you can plan your time.

To do this, get yourself a diary and be sure to make a regimen that you will strictly adhere to. Study the experiences of successful entrepreneurs and follow the tips that are right for you. Determine your biorhythms and make a daily routine based on your capabilities. Correctly prioritize, this will save time and energy to complete minor tasks. And do not forget about sleep and rest. This is a mandatory component of the daily routine of a successful person.

Often, the productivity of your work depends on the organization of working time. If you're not on time, the problem may not be that you're slow, but that you're not prioritizing things correctly.

Principles of organization of working time

First of all, the correct organization of time lies in the ability to distinguish urgent matters from non-urgent and important from unimportant. It is on the basis of these four criteria that you need to build a working day. The best option is this one:

First of all, you need to complete all urgent and important things, that which does not wait in time.
In the second place, put all the things that are urgent, but not important. Even though they are low in the hierarchy of importance, if you categorize them as urgent, then you need to get even with them as quickly as possible.
In third place - important, but not urgent matters. They should not be left at the very end of the working day, because at this time, as a rule, attention is already weakened, and there is a high probability of making a mistake.
In the last, fourth place - unimportant and non-urgent matters. Usually they include various kinds of applied work: sort papers, spread out folders, etc. They can be done at the end of the working day, when there is no energy left for work.

By the way, the organization of personal time may well be built on the same principles - this way you will always have time for everything urgent and not get stuck on trifles.

Space organization

Organization of time and space is an important factor in effective work. Before you start your working day, ensure that you have free space and the availability of all the documents and stationery you need for work. You will save time if you do not spend it searching necessary items during the day. It is much more effective to give these questions 5 minutes at the beginning of the day.

Hello! In this article, we will talk about planning the working day.

Today you will learn:

Why plan your working day;
Who needs it;
How to plan your work day.

Working day planning

In the 21st century, the rhythm of life has noticeably accelerated and continues to gain momentum. If earlier, in order to be successful, it was required to do one amount of work, now, to achieve success, you need to do a lot more. And people start to face the lack of time. If you chase after all the daily tasks that life throws at us every day, there is no time at all.

Working day planning is a tool that helps not only to effectively use working time, but also to reduce it. This is not a banal to-do list that needs to be completed in a strict order. Planning is the ability to choose what needs to be done, why and when.

That is why good planning not only structures everything you do in a day, but also frees up your time. First of all, you need to do the most important things - this is the main rule. It is useful for every person who has free time at work and does not have a clear schedule to allocate his time correctly.

What does planning include?

Working time planning includes:

Prioritization.
Select important tasks.
Finding the best ways to solve them.
Search for employment in your free time.

Prioritization helps you understand what needs attention, what can resolve itself, and what issue should just be ignored. Time and information have become much more valuable than before, and getting angry at something that does not give a result is a meaningless thing.

Selecting Important Tasks- almost the same as prioritization, only within one working day. You choose what will bring an important result, what needs to be done urgently, and what can be postponed.

Finding the Best Ways to Solve Problems is a very important point. When planning, you should consider not only what you will do, but also how best to do it. At the same time, it is important not only to save time, but to do everything as quickly and efficiently as possible.

Working with free time should also be included in the work plan. Do you have 2 hours a day freed up that you can spend on something? You can tell your boss about it, and he will load you with work, you can educate yourself, or you can make efforts to develop your own project.

Why is it important to plan your workday?

Anyone who has ever dealt with freelancing, business or "work at will" (like a taxi) understands the importance of arranging things throughout the day. But, for example, most office workers do not consider it necessary to plan their working day.

Actually, main reason planning the working day - increasing your own efficiency. If you listen to your own body, you can understand that some things are better for you at one time, and some at another. For example, it is more convenient for you to make calls to other companies after lunch, since you have already woken up, but have not had time to get tired yet, and monotonous work is done faster in the evening, so it is better to postpone driving information into the database until 5-6 hours.

Planning a working day takes into account not only the basic elements of solving problems, but also the personal preferences of each person. Time management was not made to impose the same pattern of high performance on everyone. You must adjust your tasks to the characteristics of your body.

Organizing and planning your day allows you to get more done in less time, leaving time for the things you love.

Who should plan their working day

Everyone should be able to plan their working day. This way you can save time and work more efficiently. But there are 3 categories of people who are simply obliged to engage in personal planning.

. The most undisciplined worker is the freelancer. He does not have a clear schedule, and only the deadline reminds him that it is time to sit down to do something. That is why it is very important for freelancers who work with several clients to plan their working day. It often turns out that new orders appear with a difference of one or two days, and if you delay until the last one, you may not have time to work on two projects.

businessmen. Everything here is almost the same as in freelancing. Especially if it's an online business. On the one hand, you can rest easy at home when your employees are working, but on the other hand, this approach will inevitably prove to be a failure. In the West, the cult of workaholism flourishes among businessmen. They believe that if you do not work 60 hours a week, then you are lazy and you have nothing to do in business.

Leaders. The leader will not always be a businessman. The owner of the company may not take an active part in the affairs of his company, but its director takes responsibility for the operation of the whole mechanism. That is why the leaders of medium and large companies must use their time effectively, because the future of the company depends on their decisions in the long term. Planning the manager's working day is a way to most effectively allocate your time between strategically important tasks.

Working Day Planning Methods

There are many ways to properly plan your work day. But one of the most effective Eisenhower Matrix. Its essence is as follows.

There are 4 squares:

Square A - Urgent and important matters.
Square B - non-urgent and important things.
Square C - urgent and unimportant matters.
Square D - non-urgent and unimportant things.

Square A should almost always be empty. With proper planning, all important tasks should settle in square B and be carried out as they approach A.

Square B These are important things that will help you achieve your goal. This includes all tasks that need to be completed within 1 business day.

Square C means urgent and unimportant cases that need to be transferred to other people. A prime example of urgent but unimportant things is to call a potential client. An employee can do this, you better focus on other things.

Square D, means that there are non-urgent and unimportant things that do not bring you closer to the goal, do not give positive emotions and, in principle, are not needed. In this box, you should write down all useless ideas.

This division of tasks according to their importance and urgency allows you to understand what needs to be paid attention to during the working day, and what can be safely forgotten. The matrix helps not only in work processes, but also in Everyday life. If you want to learn English, it is interesting for you and will help you in your career - this is square B. But if you want to learn Spanish just for the sake of knowing it - this is D, and you can safely forget about it.

Rules for scheduling the working day

There are several rules for how to effectively manage your working day. For convenience, we will divide the day into 3 parts:

The begining of the work day.
Main workflow.
Completion.

Morning is the most important step. Depending on how much you slept, how you got up and what you did, your mood, psychological attitude and performance will depend.

The principles of the "right" morning include the following:

Positive attitude. If you wake up every day thinking you hate your job, your productivity will decrease. Try to start the morning with pleasant thoughts.
Try not to "swing". Have you noticed that after you get up in the morning, you need another 30-40 minutes to finally recover? This is time not worth wasting. Immediately after waking up, take a shower, make coffee and instead of half an hour "to nowhere", you can have breakfast in peace.
A leisurely breakfast and the way to work. Starting the day slowly is very important. When you are in a hurry, the body spends extra energy and nerves that could be used for more productive work. If you can't afford a hearty breakfast and a leisurely ride, go to bed later and wake up earlier.
Key tasks. Most successful business people tend to argue that the most important tasks need to be done in the morning. As the saying goes, “If you want to do everything, eat a frog for breakfast.” The role of the frog is the case for which you do not want to take on at all. Make it in the morning, and the positive attitude from the fact that “the frog is eaten” will last all day.

The main workflow consists of the following tasks:

Solve urgent problems. It is important to understand that if during the working day some urgent business has fallen on you, you do not need to switch all your attention exclusively to it. First you need to understand whether it is important or not. If important, then you need to immediately proceed to it. If not, transfer responsibility for its implementation to another person.
Keep deadlines. Every day you must set yourself approximate deadlines for which you must cope with the entire volume of tasks. It is important that it is not “Do everything before 18:00”, but “At 14:00 - start making a plan, at 15:00 - analyze the indicators, at 16:00 - write a report”, etc.
Order in the workplace. This is an implicit but very important point. If your desk is a mess, your eyes will constantly get lost among it. And if some foreign document appears at the workplace, you can start studying it and just lose 20-30 minutes.
Don't follow impulses. It's the most important. There are some triggers that make you shift your focus from work to something less important. Call a friend when you're reviewing a sales plan? It is better not to do this, then you will lose concentration and you can easily miss the working mood.
Group your routine. It is very important. If you need to make 60 phone calls during the day, then it is better to break them into several small groups, 10 to 15 at a time. After the call, you can perform another task. By constantly switching from routine to vigorous activity, you can do much more.

The end of the working day is based on the following principles:

Complete what is needed. There is a group of cases that fall into the “important but not urgent” square. They are best completed during the working day, and the “important and urgent” square is always kept empty.
Check your results against the plan. Everything you did in a day should be compared with what you planned. If you have just begun to plan your working day, then small deviations from the plan will be in the order of things. Try to keep them as few as possible.
Make a plan for the next day. It is best to do this at the end of the previous working day. So you keep the working mood and, but it is important to draw up a real program of affairs.

If you are a leader, then during the working day you should work closely with your secretary.

Remember that these are all general tips. They don't take into account your individual characteristics. If it is more convenient for you to do urgent work in the afternoon, and not in the morning, this is your right. If you prefer to do a big and difficult task last, and this does not affect your mood for one day in any way, make it last.

The planning of the working day should be individual.

The main mistakes when planning a working day

Despite the fact that the practice of time management is firmly settled in our lives, most people make common mistakes when planning their work day. Here are a few of them.

Mistake 1. Incorrect prioritization.

The Eisenhower Matrix tells us that we have important things to do. But many people can easily confuse what is important to them. Square A, which should remain empty and is responsible for urgent and important matters, they often confuse with C, where unimportant matters have accumulated that require immediate attention.

It is important to remember that you should spend energy only on what is important to you in this moment time. You should work for the future when things can be postponed and properly planned.

Mistake 2. Too much time is spent on trifles.

In order to explain why first of all it is necessary to make a “base”, and only then the little things, we will use the Pareto Law. It says that 20% of efforts give 80% of results. That is, when you work on something important, you spend 20% of the effort and achieve 80% of the result. When you work on the little things, you get 4 times less result, and spend 4 times more energy.

Let's consider a small example. You need to launch an advertising campaign. If you create 10 creatives, select keywords and phrases for them, and launch them on prepared sites, then this will be 20% of the work that will give 80% of the result. But if you spend time editing fonts and images, selecting and polishing phrases, and finding additional platforms for advertising, you will spend much more effort. All this will need to be done, but after the start of the advertising campaign, when you achieve the first result.

Mistake 3. Lack of time for personal matters.

Each person should have a personal life and freedom of choice of occupation. If you have a lot of things to do and don't find one or two hours to do your hobby, then this is bad planning for your own day. Scheduling working time is important not only because it allows you to do more. It gives you the opportunity to do what you love without haste.

“Time” is a concept constructed on the basis of the perception of processes, events in the extent, duration in the world, i.e., the understanding of time is formed as a result of a person’s sensation of a sequence of events both in the external material world and in the internal - psychological. Various scientists single out physical, biological, psychological, social time; linear, cyclic, spiral, etc. In the humanities, natural and social time are often opposed. Nature is described primarily quantitatively, and any understanding of human public life requires a quality approach. clock time equated with the natural time of the physical world - daily and seasonal cycles. Physical time is understood as fixed and infinitely divisible units that can be measured. Hourly time is considered as an adequate way to measure both in natural and in social sciences. Thus, time is basically always the same. In all cases, this is the same conceptual construction. It can be concluded that the perception of time is closely connected with human life. Time turns out to be a concept that reflects his whole life, including labor activity. In this case we are talking about working hours, standards that are regulated in various legal acts.

The Constitution of the Russian Federation enshrines one of the basic labor rights - the right to limit working hours by law, on weekends and holidays.

The Labor Code of the Russian Federation defines working hours in Art. 91. the time during which the employee, in accordance with the terms and conditions, must perform labor duties, as well as other periods of time that, in accordance with the law and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, relate to working time.

Other periods of time include the period of downtime, paid breaks during the working day, the time spent on a business trip, the time between shifts of rest during the period of stay on shift, etc.

The legal regulation of working time is mainly aimed at achieving the following three goals:

productive use of working time;
health protection, long-term preservation of working capacity, labor activity of an employee;
level up vocational training performer - a participant in joint, hired, contract labor.

Legal regulations for working hours

The legal norm of working time is the norm of working time, which has found its consolidation in labor legislation. The following legal standards of working time are fixed in the Labor Code of the Russian Federation:

work week;
working shift (duration of daily work);
accounting period;
employment limit;
working day.

Work week - the length of working time during a calendar week (40 hours in accordance with part 2 of article 91 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation) is its most common measure, used in the conditions of both a five-day and a six-day working week.

In terms of its duration, the working week can be either normal, i.e. 40 hours, or shortened or incomplete. The main type of work week is five days. According to the structure determined by the employer, the five-day work week consists of five working days and two days off.

As a rule, a six-day working week is established at enterprises where, due to the nature of production and working conditions, it is not advisable to introduce a five-day working week. So, according to the schedule of the six-day work week, many educational establishments, most hospitals and other social institutions.

According to Art. 95 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation on the eve of holidays, the duration of work with a six-day working week cannot exceed five hours.

Working shift - this is a business day at . A shift is a period of time after which workers who are employed in the same technological process are replaced. It can be day or night.

Guarantees established by labor legislation that ensure the limitation of the duration of daily work (shift) also include rules regarding the duration of work. on the eve of non-working holidays and weekends, at night.

According to Art. 95 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the duration of the working day or shift immediately preceding a non-working holiday is reduced by one hour.

In continuously operating organizations and in certain types of work, where it is impossible to reduce the duration of work (shift) on the holiday day, processing is compensated by providing the employee with additional rest time or, with the consent of the employee, payment according to the norms established for overtime work.

The duration of work (shift) at night is reduced by one hour without subsequent working off. Night time is considered from 22:00 to 06:00. Night work is paid at an increased rate set by the employer.

The duration of work (shift) at night is not reduced for employees who have a reduced working time, as well as for persons hired to work at night, unless otherwise provided by the collective agreement.

The duration of work at night is equalized with the duration of work in the daytime in cases where it is necessary for working conditions, as well as in shift work with a six-day working week with one day off. The list of such works may be determined by a collective agreement, a local regulatory legal act.

To work at night are not allowed: pregnant women; disabled people; employees under the age of 18, with the exception of persons involved in the creation and (or) execution works of art; other categories of employees in accordance with the Labor Code of the Russian Federation and other federal laws. Women with children under the age of three, disabled people, employees with disabled children, as well as employees caring for sick members of their families in accordance with a medical certificate issued in accordance with the procedure established by federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, mothers and fathers raising children under the age of five without a spouse (wife), as well as guardians of children of this age, may be involved in night work only with their written consent and provided that such work is not prohibited to them for health reasons in accordance with with a medical opinion. At the same time, these employees must be in writing aware of their right to refuse to work at night.

The procedure for working at night creative workers means mass media, cinematography organizations, television and video film crews, theaters, theater and concert organizations, circuses and other persons involved in the creation and (or) performance (exhibition) of works, in accordance with the lists of works, professions, positions of these employees, approved The Government of the Russian Federation, taking into account the opinion of the Russian tripartite commission for the regulation of social and labor relations, may be established by a collective agreement, a local regulatory legal act, an employment contract.

Accounting period allows you to set the number of hours worked by an employee for a calendar period, correlate them with the norm of working time established by law.

In this sense, the accounting period can be spoken of as a form of control over a measure of working time, which makes it possible to identify its actual processing or underperformance of a certain number of working hours by an employee in a specified period of time. Such a period is usually fixed in local regulatory legal acts, shift schedules. The accounting period can be a month, a quarter, another period, but not more than one year.

Employment limit- this is the limit of employment of an employee established in the law for a certain calendar time.

For example, work outside the normal working hours at the initiative of a part-time employee should not exceed four hours a day. On days when the employee is free from the performance of labor duties at the main place of work, he can work part-time full-time (shift). Within one month (another accounting period), the duration of working hours when working part-time should not exceed half of the monthly norm of working hours (norm of working hours for another accounting period) established for the corresponding category of employees. Consequently, the legislator establishes a limit on the daily, weekly, annual or other employment of an employee.

We can also talk about the presence in the current legislation on the pile of such a legal standard of working time as working day. The legislator in the Labor Code of the Russian Federation mentions "" (part 1 of article 102), about work, "the intensity of which is not the same during the working day", that "the working day can be divided into parts" (article 105, in the title (name) which the legislator also speaks of the working day). At the same time, the legislator simultaneously uses the terms "shift" and "working day", obviously emphasizing thereby their non-identity.

However, in the Labor Code of the Russian Federation there is no direct indication of the length of the working day, as, for example, this is fixed in relation to the working week in Part 2 of Art. 91 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. Based on the contents of this section, it can be concluded that Russian Federation applies to a six-day working week seven-hour working day. Part 3 Art. 95 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation on the eve of holidays with a six-day working week establishes a five-hour working day.

If in the Labor Code of the RSFSR of 1922 the working day was declared the main legal norm of working time, for the reduction of which the working class fought until 1918, then in the Labor Code of the Russian Federation of 2001 the working week becomes the main legal norm of working time.

Legal regulations governing working hours

The Labor Code of the Russian Federation does not provide a legal definition . In accordance with Art. 100 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the working time regime should provide for the duration of the working week (five-day with two days off, six-day with one day off, working week with the provision of days off on a rotating schedule, part-time work), work with irregular working hours for certain categories of workers, duration daily work (shift), including part-time work (shift), start and end time of work, breaks in work, number of shifts per day, alternation of working and non-working days, which are established by the internal labor regulations in accordance with labor legislation and other regulatory legal acts containing labor law norms, a collective agreement, agreements, and for employees whose working hours differ from the general rules established by a given employer - an employment contract. It's a kind of abstraction general rule, within which the employer at the local level develops a regime for the productive use of working time. It is enshrined, for example, in the internal labor regulations of the organization in the section " Work time and its use.

The mode of working time is the subject of research not only in legal science. It is studied by psychologists and labor physiologists. They explore the phenomena that occur or may occur in the human body, in his psyche in the process labor activity. So, during intense labor activity, prolonged work, workers often experience nervous overload, the so-called psychological production fatigue accumulates.

The working hours established for employees should be distinguished from the working hours of the organization, as they may not coincide. An employee's working time regime is a way of distributing his working time within astronomical time, including the type of working week (five-day or six-day), the duration of daily work (shift), its start and end time, the order of transition from one shift to another, etc. e. Working hours are integral part internal labor regulations and must be observed by each employee. It can be the same for all employees of the organization or different for its individual divisions and participants in joint labor subordinate to the employer.

Legal regulation of working time in the organization is carried out by a collective agreement, internal labor regulations.

Among the most common working hours in the practice of enterprises and organizations are:

daily accounting of working time;
summarized accounting of working time;
multi-shift operation;

In accordance with Art. 100 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, when organizing the labor process of an organization, the employer has the right to apply a five-day work week with two days off, a six-day work week with one day off, a work week with days off on a rolling schedule, and in accordance with Art. 104 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation - summarized accounting of working hours.

The legal standards of working time in the Labor Code of the Russian Federation differ as legal standards normal working hours(Article 91) and other legal regulations. The latter include: abbreviated(reduced hours of work, art. 92, etc.) and incomplete legal regulations (part-time work - art. 93). There are several criteria that distinguish between these two types of "reduced" compared to normal working time. First, the method of establishment. Reduced time is regulated by law, primarily in the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. Incomplete legal standards of working time can be established both by agreement of the parties, and at the initiative of the employee (Article 262 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation). Secondly, the subjective criterion. Reduced time is provided to persons specified in the law, as a rule, socially weakly protected categories of workers ( minors, disabled people of group I or II, employees of the public sector - teachers, doctors, etc.) Thus, for employees under the age of 16, the normal working time is reduced by 16 hours, and from 16 to 18 years - by 4 hours a week ; disabled people of groups I and II - for 5 hours, and also, depending on the working conditions of workers employed in work with harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions (for 4 hours a week), at night - for 1 hour of daily employment in these conditions.

Part-time work may be established by an employment contract (employment contract, supplementary agreement to it).

The legislator obliges the employer to establish a part-time (shift) or part-time work week, for example, at the request of a pregnant woman, one of the parents (guardian, guardian) who has a child under the age of 14 (a disabled child under the age of 18), and also a person caring for a sick family member in accordance with a medical report issued in the manner determined by federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation.

The third criterion that makes it possible to distinguish between part-time and reduced working time is wages. When working on a part-time basis, the employee is paid in proportion to the time worked by him or depending on the amount of work performed by him. Despite the reduction in the number of working hours per week, reduced working hours usually (Article 271 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation) do not limit the right of employees to receive wages in the amount approved for this category of employees. Establishing reduced working hours and paying for it at the expense of the employer improves the position of such an employee compared to those who work with a full 40-hour work week.

The collective agreement may provide for a reduction in the duration of daily work (shift) compared to the normal (40-hour) duration of daily work (shift) for workers employed in jobs with harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions, subject to the maximum weekly working time (part 1 of article 22 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation) and hygienic standards of working conditions established by law.

The reduced duration of daily work for the majority of persons employed in jobs with harmful working conditions is established in accordance with the List of industries, workshops, professions, positions with harmful working conditions, work in which gives the right to additional leave and a shorter working day, taking into account the norms of the Instruction about its application.

The List provides for the duration of daily work in a particular profession, position, type of work and production. Employees of the profession or positions provided for by industries and workshops in the relevant sections of the List have the right to a reduced working day, regardless of which industry these industries and workshops belong to. The working day for them is reduced if the employee is actually employed in harmful conditions during the entire shortened working day (clause 9 of the Instruction). For employees whose professions and positions are not included in the List, if they perform work in industries, workshops, by profession and in positions with harmful working conditions provided for in the List in certain periods, a shortened working day in these periods should be set for the same duration as permanently employed in this work (clause 20 of the Instruction).

The duration of the daily work (shift) of creative workers of the media, cinematography organizations, television and video crews, theaters, theater and concert organizations, circuses and other persons involved in the creation and (or) performance (exhibition) of works, in accordance with the lists jobs, professions, positions of these workers, approved by the Government of the Russian Federation, taking into account the opinion of the Russian tripartite commission for the regulation of social and labor relations, can be established by a collective agreement, a local normative act, an employment contract (part 4 of article 94 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

For a disabled person, the recommended duration of daily work (shift) is indicated in the individual rehabilitation program, which is issued based on the results of a medical and social examination. This rehabilitation program for a disabled person is mandatory for all organizations, regardless of their organizational and legal form.

part-time work differentiated as part-time work and part-time work week. Part-time work, like reduced work time, is set to less than 40 hours per week. Its duration is determined by the agreement of the parties to the employment relationship. It is in writing. By general rule The employer does not have the right to unilaterally introduce part-time work. The lack of consent of employees and their authorized representatives to the introduction of part-time work allows them to demand payment for hours not worked through no fault of the employee as downtime.

In accordance with Art. 74 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, when organizational or technological working conditions change, which may lead to mass dismissal of workers, the employer may initiate the introduction of part-time work, weeks. At the same time, he must notify each employee of a change in the established working hours in writing no later than two months before the innovation. In order to save jobs, the employer has the right, taking into account the opinion of the elected trade union body of the organization, to introduce a part-time regime for up to six months (clause 5, article 74 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

The establishment of part-time work implies that the employee will work a smaller number of hours daily, for example, not eight hours, but four hours a day, or the number of working days per week will be reduced from five to four, three days, etc. Work on conditions part-time work does not affect the duration of the vacation, a change in the procedure for calculating the length of service.

Legal regulation of the productive use of working time by an employee is carried out in various ways. Along with the state standards of working time in the market conditions of management, their local consolidation is quite widespread.