April 21, 1934 - 1981
outstanding designer of aerospace technology, chief designer of design bureau of automatic systems, professor, doctor of physical and mathematical sciences
Biography
Entered the Kuibyshev aviation institute in 1951. He worked at the Department of Physics, then at the Department of Aircraft Strength.
Killed in February 1981 - blown up in a company car during a business trip in Moscow. Considered the victim of the first contract killing in the USSR. The murder was investigated by the KGB and personally by Yu. V. Andropov. The results of the investigation are unknown.
Major Publications
- On the torsion of prismatic rods from an ideally plastic material, taking into account microstresses // Journal of Applied Mechanics and technical physics. - 1963. - No. 5. - S. 154-157. (jointly with D. D. Ivlev)
- On the influence of viscosity on the mechanical behavior of elastic-plastic media // Doklady AN SSSR. - 1965. - T. 163. - No. 3. - S. 595-598. (jointly with D. D. Ivlev)
- On dissipative functions in the theory of viscoplastic media // Problems of continuum mechanics (to the 60th anniversary of Academician VV Novozhilov). - 1970. - S. 67-70. (jointly with D. D. Ivlev, E. V. Makarov)
- On deformation models of the theory of plasticity and continuous media // Applied Mathematics and Mechanics. - 1970. - T. 40. - Issue. 3. - S. 553-557. (jointly with D. D. Ivlev, E. V. Makarov)
- On the acquired anisotropy of plastic bodies // Continuum Mechanics and Related Problems of Analysis. Sat. articles dedicated to 80th anniversary of Academician N. I. Muskhelishvili. M., 1972. S. 601-605. (jointly with D. D. Ivlev, V. V. Dudukalenko)
- On the construction of a model of granular media based on the definition of the dissipative function // Fundamentals of plasticity: Sat. proceedings of the symposium. Warsaw, 1973, pp. 601-605. (jointly with D. D. Ivlev, V. B. Chadov)
- On the construction of a model of granular media based on dissipative functions // Doklady AN SSSR. - 1973. - T. 123. - No. 6. (with D. D. Ivlev, V. B. Chadov)
- On some models based on the mechanisms of elasticity, viscosity and plasticity with variable defining parameters // Izvestiya AN SSSR. Mechanics solid body. - 1974. - No. 1. (with D. D. Ivlev, N. V. Gerasimov)
- On the loading function for ideally plastic models // Selected Problems of Applied Mechanics: Sat. articles dedicated to 60th anniversary of Academician V.N. Chelomey. M., 1974. S. 113-117. (jointly with D. D. Ivlev, V. I. Zeiler)
- On the construction of surfaces of complex rigid-plastic models // Mechanics of deformable bodies and structures: Sat. articles. M.: Mashinostroenie, 1975. S. 62-70. (jointly with D. D. Ivlev, V. I. Zeiler)
- On the flow of a fluid with controlled viscosity // Doklady AN SSSR. - 1975. - T. 223. - No. 3. - S. 582-584. (jointly with D. D. Ivlev, N. V. Gerasimov, V. I. Zeiler)
- On some experiments with converging ring waves on the surface of a heavy liquid // Doklady AN SSSR. - 1975. - T. 223. - No. 4. - S. 810-811. (jointly with D. D. Ivlev, R. K. Logvinova)
- On defining inequalities in the theory of plasticity // Doklady AN SSSR. - 1976. - T. 227. - No. 4. - S. 824-826. (jointly with D. D. Ivlev)
- Dissipative function in the theory of plasticity // Mechanics of a deformable body: Mezhvuz. Sat. Kuibyshev, 1977. Issue. 3. S. 5-22.
- Laser leads to landing // civil Aviation. - 1978. - No. 9. - S. 26-27. (jointly with D. D. Ivlev)
- On integral inequalities in the theory of an elastic-plastic body // Applied Mathematics and Mechanics. - 1980. - T. 44. - No. 3. - S. 540-549. (jointly with D. D. Ivlev)
- Defining inequalities in the theory of an elastic-plastic body: Abstracts of reports. V All-Union Congress on Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. Alma-Ata, 1981. (with D. D. Ivlev)
Numerous articles have been written about this mysterious murder in print and electronic media, and at the end of 2017, the Rossiya TV channel showed an investigative documentary film, Bomb for the Chief Designer. However, none of the authors of these materials managed to answer the main questions: who ordered and killed in February 1981 the chief designer Kuibyshevsky design office automatic systems of the USSR Minaviaprom (KKBAS) Igor Alexandrovich Berezhny.
How the designer was killed
As the Samara Review wrote, Berezhnoy died on February 4, 1981 in Moscow, where he was on a business trip. From the capital of the designer, someone asked to bring medicine. And when Berezhnoy got into the car and opened the box, the explosion blew the car apart. The body of the murdered designer was so disfigured that the deceased was buried in a closed coffin. The driver of the scientist was shell-shocked, no one else was injured as a result of the explosive device.
Who he was Professor, Doctor of Science I. A. Berezhnoy since 1972 headed the KKBAS, which was previously called the Aircraft and Helicopter Chassis Design Bureau. As a specialist, he was appreciated by such aircraft designers as A. Tupolev, O. Antonov and V. Myasishchev. He was the author of over 200 scientific developments in the field of aircraft engineering. The designer was best known for the Glissada laser landing system. However, as the Volzhskaya Kommuna newspaper writes, immediately after the murder of Berezhny (the investigation was conducted by the KGB), numerous frauds were revealed in his design bureau, in which Igor Alexandrovich's subordinates appeared. Investigators argued that Berezhnoy could not have been unaware of these crimes. The employees of the secret design bureau, judging by the results of the investigation, on a large scale appropriated the inventory items allocated for the bureau, mainly the Soviet deficit of that time: from furniture and televisions to imported film and photographic film. According to these facts, a criminal case was initiated. The total amount of damage caused to the state amounted to more than 20 thousand rubles.
The main versions of the assassination
This murder is called the first custom-made in the history of the late USSR. Berezhnoy held a high position in Kuibyshev, he was predicted to be the secretary of the city party committee. Four subordinates of the chief designer of the design bureau were arrested on charges of fraud. During the arrest, one of them managed to poison himself, the other stuck a knife in himself, but he was pumped out. Kuibyshev judge A. A. Shchupakov, who was involved in the trial of this case, assured in his interview with Volga Commune that Berezhnoy clearly helped to write off valuables. According to one of the versions, voiced in the film "Bomb for the Chief Designer" on behalf of the former designers who worked at KKBAS, contract killing was connected precisely with the illegal activities of the KB. In particular, the planes of the secret enterprise were often used for other purposes by the party elite of Kuibyshev, allegedly the mafia was interested in this aircraft, which was going to transport certain goods on it.
Samara Review also cites the exotic hypothesis of the murder of Berezhnoy, which is associated with the beloved flight attendant L. I. Brezhnev. The only person involved in the criminal case that has survived to this day, initiated on the fact of abuses in the KKBAS, V. Nekhoroshev, who received a suspended sentence, believes that Berezhny was simply removed indicatively so that other prominent Soviet designers "did not stick out." Allegedly, the "Glissade" system, developed under the leadership of Igor Alexandrovich, was very interested in the Americans, and they wanted to lure the scientist to the USA. Opponents of this version argue that there was nothing special in Glissade, moreover, its parameters were published by Pravda at one time.
In the end, no one was charged with the murder of I. A. Berezhny (they were removed from one of the subordinates of the chief designer, who was subsequently convicted of financial fraud in the design bureau). The authors of the film "Bomb for the Chief Designer" requested information about the criminal case initiated on the fact of the murder in the archives of the FSB and the Prosecutor General's Office. But these services reported that they did not have any materials. Thus, the questions of who and for what killed the chief designer in 1981 remain unanswered today.
In connection with the death of the former deputy of the Verkhovna Rada, Irina Berezhnaya, media attention fell not only on the identity of the deceased, but also on the sponsor and alleged father of her child, Boris Fuksman.
Businessman of Ukrainian origin - enough famous person- media mogul, investor, active member of many Jewish communities in the world and cousin of Alexander Rodnyansky. And if there is enough information about his path in the field of media, then the Fuksman family is a book closed to the public.
The INFORMER managed to talk to a person close to the environment of the media mogul, who spoke about the Fuchsman family.
Boris Fuksman was born into a Jewish family of a Kyiv antique dealer. In 1970 he graduated Institute of Technology food industry, and not the Kyiv Trade and Economic Institute, as some sources write. After graduation, he worked at the Kyiv Documentary Film Studio as an assistant cameraman, then as an assistant director, and finally as a film director. Explaining the career rise of a young engineer is not difficult. Fuchsman's cousin is Alexander Rodnyansky. It was Rodnyansky's father who helped the still young Fuchsman to start a career as a cinematographer.
But he was attracted to money, so Fuchsman began to deal in fartsovka - he worked with almost everything from Marlboro cigarettes to Levis jeans. Then Fuchsman married the first, and this moment, last time. Fuksman's chosen one was a Kyivan from a Jewish family - Erna, later Fuksman. Erna gave birth to Fuchsman's first daughter, Michelle.
In 1974, Fuchsman, having earned start-up capital on fartsovka and taking some antiques, moved with his family to Germany, where his relatives still live.
Already living in Germany, Fuchsman broke up with Erna, but did not officially divorce. In fact, she is still his official wife. Fuchsman did not file a divorce, since at that time he had already amassed a certain amount of capital, dealing in antiques and smuggling, and in the event of a divorce, according to German laws, he would have remained with nothing, since all the assets would have gone to Erna.
In Germany, Fuchsman met his current common-law wife, Lilia, who gave another impetus to his business activities. At the time of their acquaintance, Lilia was a widow, she had a daughter, Elena, whom Fuchsman raised as her own. After some time, they had a common daughter - Natalia Fuksman.
Fuchsman and Lilia are not officially scheduled, at least in Germany. Most likely, their marriage was registered in another country. As it became known to the INFORMER from a source close to Fuksman's entourage, he is still officially married to Erna.
Lilia is the cousin of Natalia Kobzon, which helped Fuchsman a lot in his business. In the nineties of the last century, Iosif Kobzon was closely associated with the Soviet army, which gave Fuchsman access to security Soviet army. So the values of repatriates and smuggled icons, including those of criminal origin, were transferred to the West and back to the USSR. Then Fuchsman mastered new channel contraband - household utensils Soviet officers. According to some reports, Fuchsman also traded used weapons in those years. Soviet contingent in Germany. This became his new income. Thanks to the family ties of his new wife, Fuchsman received almost unlimited business opportunities. It was the money he earned in the nineties that provided the material basis for organizing the media business, which Fuchsman owns now.
It is impossible to find information about the Fuchsman family in the media. Wikipedia indicates that he has two daughters - Natalia and Michelle. Some sources call the third - the daughter of Lilia from her first husband - Elena. But there is no information about wives or grandchildren. Although, according to information received from the source, Fuksman has many grandchildren, and at least two wives. In several publications with posted photographs, mainly from social events of the cinematic beau monde, Lilia is referred to as "Fuchsman's wife", but her name does not appear anywhere. As, in general, and the surname. According to the source, Lilia bears the surname of her first deceased husband.
The story of the death in a car accident (a kept woman and the mother of Fuksman's fourth child - Daniella, - ed.) of the former deputy of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine from the Party of Regions Irina Berezhnaya again drew attention to Fuksman's person. A number of media reported that after the death of Berezhnaya, Fuchsman, the alleged father of Daniella, came to Croatian Zadar for a child. According to the source, he is listed as the girl's father in the documents. Most likely, Interpol called him into the country, since if there is a living father or mother, the child is given out first of all to them, and not to other relatives.
According to a source close to Fuchsman's entourage, he suffered a stroke about five years ago, which significantly affected the health of the media mogul. He speaks poorly and has difficulty moving. It was in this state that Fuchsman arrived for his eight-year-old daughter.
According to the source, Lilia did not believe in Fuchsman's relationship with Berezhnaya for a long time, but when she was provided with irrefutable facts, she forced her husband to part with his mistress. They did not communicate for about two years, although Fuchsman continued to fully provide for the passion with his daughter. Berezhnaya, being a "barefoot", according to his wife, had a bad effect on her husband's health, especially after a stroke. The source claims that Berezhnaya treated Fuchsman badly, was rude to him in public at business meetings, demanding increased attention from a very middle-aged man, calling him an "old asshole." Also, according to the source, Berezhnaya, like two drops of water, looks like Lily in her youth.
Later, information appeared in the media that Fuchsman and Lilia decided to adopt Berezhnaya's child after the death of her mother. A source close to Fuchsman confirms this information. In his opinion, Lily could make such a decision, as she is very angry with her husband, and not with the girl. Lilia is a wise enough woman not to transfer her anger to a child. In Düsseldorf, where the Fuksman family lives, there is a large post-Soviet party, among which the Fuksman family is the elite. And they, among other things, will have to explain why they adopted the girl. Most likely, she will be presented as the daughter of dead friends. According to the source, the Düsseldorf-Berlin party will not soon understand that Daniella is Fuksman's own daughter.
We will remind, earlier it was reported that the former MP from the Party of Regions and an ardent supporter of the “Russian world” Irina Berezhnaya died in a car accident in Croatia.
The accident occurred in Croatia at night, around 01.30 on the highway between settlements Maslenitsa and Posedarye. Two people died: passenger Berezhnaya and a 38-year-old driver, a citizen of Bulgaria. As a result of an accident, Berezhnaya's 8-year-old daughter was injured, she was hospitalized.
Later, her father, Boris Fuksman, came to Zadar for the girl.
It also became known that Boris Fuksman and his wife Lilia decided to adopt the child of the deceased Berezhnaya.
This murder is called the first custom-made in the history of the late USSR. Berezhnoy occupied a high position in Kuibyshev, he was predicted to be the secretary of the city party committee. Four subordinates of the chief designer of the design bureau were arrested on charges of fraud. During the arrest, one of them managed to poison himself, the other stuck a knife in himself, but he was pumped out. Kuibyshevsky Judge A.A. Shchupakov, who was involved in the proceedings of this case, assured in his interview with Volga Commune that Berezhnoy clearly helped to write off valuables. According to one of the versions, voiced in the film "Bomb for the Chief Designer" on behalf of the former designers who worked in KKBAS, the contract killing was connected precisely with the illegal activities of the Design Bureau. In particular, the planes of the secret enterprise were often used for other purposes by the party elite of Kuibyshev, allegedly the mafia was interested in this aircraft, which was going to transport certain goods on it.
The Samara Review also cites the exotic hypothesis of the murder of Berezhnoy, which is associated with the beloved flight attendant L.I. Brezhnev. The only person involved in the criminal case that has survived to this day, initiated on the fact of abuses in the KKBAS, V. Nekhoroshev, who received a suspended sentence, believes that Berezhny was simply removed indicatively so that other prominent Soviet designers "did not stick out." Allegedly, the "Glissade" system, developed under the leadership of Igor Alexandrovich, was very interested in the Americans, and they wanted to lure the scientist to the United States. Opponents of this version argue that there was nothing special in Glissade, moreover, its parameters were published by Pravda at one time.
Ultimately, no one was charged with the murder of I.A. Berezhny (they were removed from one of the chief designer's subordinates, who was subsequently convicted of financial fraud in the design bureau). The authors of the film "Bomb for the Chief Designer" requested information about the criminal case initiated on the fact of the murder in the archives of the FSB and the Prosecutor General's Office. But these services reported that they did not have any materials. Thus, the questions of who and for what killed the chief designer in 1981 remain unanswered today.
February 4 1774 d. all Pugachev rebels were sent to Kazan, and the rest were sworn in and signed that they would be loyal to the Empress. The capture of Samara and the severe punishment of the rebels completely subordinated this city to the government. * February 4 1925 Samara mechanic I.S. Ryzhov invented the new kind internal combustion engine. He has a patent for it, however, he does not have the means to manufacture the model. Ryzhov works at the second factory for the production of sports and gymnastic supplies. * February 4 1981 in Moscow, the head of the Kuibyshev Design Bureau of Automatic Systems (KKBAS), Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Igor Alexandrovich Berezhnoy, was killed by an explosion in a company car. During the investigation, it was established that an explosive device disguised as a box of medicines was handed over to him that day.
Grave of I.A. Berezhny
This day in the history of the region.
How the Pugachevites were punished
February 4 1774 General Mansurov reports from Samara to Kazan to General-in-Chief Bibikov, who led military operations against the army of E. Pugachev, about the punishment of the Pugachevites with batogs. The cruel punishment of "Samara residents of various ranks" followed the hot meeting of Pugachev's associate Arapov and their other crimes.
As you know, the Pugachev chieftain Ilya Arapov took Samara without a fight. Before his arrival, the commandant Balakhontsev, knowing about the atrocities of the Pugachevites, succumbing to rumors about a large number of people and guns in the Arapov detachment, on December 25, 1773, with officers and 36 soldiers, fled from the city in a panic, leaving artillery and most of personnel garrison. At 80 versts from the city, he waited for the approach of government troops and, together with them, turned towards Samara. He did not take part in the battle for her, he covered the convoy with his people.
The remaining 340 soldiers of the garrison, the clergy and residents of the city met Arapov's detachment with bread and salt and bell ringing. But the Pugachevites failed to keep Samara. On December 28, the rebels, poorly trained in military affairs, fled, having lost several hundred killed and wounded. The massacre of the inhabitants who sided with the rebels began. All those who were involved in the rebellion were ordered "for fear, to be cruelly punished with whips at a meeting of the people, saying that they should remain firm against the villains and their stomach as faithful subjects should not spare."
The former commandant Balakhontsev was removed from his post, put on trial, found guilty of surrendering the fortress to the enemy and leaving his post. Sentenced to death penalty through hanging. However, the commander-in-chief P.I. Panin replaced the death sentence with the demotion of the former captain to a soldier with the right to long service.
General-in-chief A.I. Bibikov, who led the suppression of the Pugachev rebellion, sent a letter to the Archbishop of Kazan with an order to change and punish the clergy of Samara who had gone over to the side of the rebels (Pugachevites). There were 9 of them, all of them, after the arrival of the replacement, were sent to Kazan. Lieutenant Colonel Grinev, who arrived from Simbirsk, tried to figure out which of the inhabitants of the city was most guilty of supporting the rebels. All rebels were also sent to Kazan, while others were sworn in and signed that they would be loyal to the Empress and would not have secret ties with traitors and robbers. The capture of Samara and the severe punishment of the rebels completely subordinated this city to the government.
Other events of this day in different years of the history of Samara:
February 4 1774 General Mansurov reports to Bibikov in Kazan about the cruel punishment of the Pugachevites by batogs. The brutal punishment of "Samar residents of various ranks" by batogs followed the hot meeting of Pugachev's associate Arapov and other crimes. Bibikov Alexander Ilyich - general-in-chief, senator. He led military operations against the army of E. Pugachev, including the operation to "cleanse the Samara district from the rebels."
Arapov Ilya Fedorovich - an associate of Emelyan Pugachev and a "marching ataman" rebel army. A serf who fled from his master.
February 4 1913 d. A meeting of the commission was held to determine the amount of sick leave and other arrears. According to the decision of the Duma, in commemoration of the 300th anniversary of the Romanov dynasty, it was decided to add up arrears "completely hopeless to recover due to the extreme poverty of the arrears."
February 4 1920 d. Unrest arose among the workers of the Pipe Factory. According to the Chairman of the Board of the Pipe Plant N.M. Yanson, on the basis of the introduction new system wages and under the influence of the agitation of the Mensheviks "and other hostile elements" unrest arose among the workers of the plant. In addition, the workers demand an increase in food rations.
February 4 1925 Samara mechanic I.S. Ryzhov invented a new type of internal combustion engine. The Kommuna newspaper reported sensational news: Samara mechanic I.S. Ryzhov invented a new type of internal combustion engine. And he already has a patent for it “from the Center”. However, he does not have the funds to make the model. According to the expert commission of the Samara branch of the All-Russian Association of Inventors, the new type of engine will be widely used in the Samara Territory, and then in other areas. Ryzhov is 44 years old. Works in Samara at the second factory for the production of sports and gymnastic accessories. Lives in the monastery village.
Additional information about the events of this day from other sources:
February 4 1936 - For the construction and repair of pavements and sidewalks of the city in 1936, 8 million rubles are allocated, over 60 thousand square meters of pavements will be covered with asphalt concrete.
1981 - In Moscow, the head of the Kuibyshev Design Bureau of Automatic Systems (KKBAS) Igor Alexandrovich Berezhnoy, born in 1934, was killed by an explosion in a company car. During the investigation, it was established that an explosive device disguised as a box of medicines was handed over to him that day.
(Articles about Berezhnoy: 