The date of the initial settlement of people on the site of the city of Vladimir has not been established. It is known that already at the beginning of the century the Slavs appeared here. Before their arrival, the Finno-Ugric tribes were the indigenous population. On the basis of archaeological finds, it can be argued that on the site of the present city there was from ancient times a settlement of the aborigines of the Suzdal land - Meryan, and their distant ancestors lived here long before the birth of Christ.
Capital of Russia
Vladimir in the era of the Russian Empire
The inventories of the city of Vladimir of the 17th century and the beginning of the 18th century that have survived to this day testify that the city was then very poor and sparsely populated. So in 1626, there were only 340 people in Vladimir fit for military affairs, of which 128 were townspeople, 62 yards, and 50 peasants; 10 years later, in 1635, the population slightly increased: there were already 184 townspeople, 100 courtyards. Judging by the inventory, the city retained its ancient structure and was still divided into three parts: the Kremlin or non-black city, an earthen city, and a dilapidated city.
Monasteries
temples
- Abraham of Bolgar, in the village. power engineer
- Alexander Nevsky, house church at the male gymnasium
- Alexander Nevsky, in the Yuryevets microdistrict, a temple-chapel
- Andrey Stratilat, in the microdistrict Orgtrud
- Afanasy Kovrovsky, with Orthodox gymnasium brownie
- Entry into the Church of the Most Holy Theotokos, at the Women's Diocesan School
- Vladimir the Equal-to-the-Apostles
- Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God, house church at the bishop's residence
- Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God, chapel at the regional hospital (under construction)
- Resurrection of Christ, on the Sudogodskoe highway (under construction)
- Resurrection of Christ
- All Saints, in the Yuryevets microdistrict (under construction)
- All Saints
- "Joy of All Who Sorrow" icon of the Mother of God, prison church
- Gabriel the Archangel (under construction)
- Demetrius of Thessalonica, cathedral
- Elisaveta Feodorovna, home church at the Vladimir City Clinical Emergency Hospital
Vladimir is an ancient Russian city located on the high left bank of the Klyazma River. In former times, the city had the name Vladimir-on-Klyazma, it was also called Vladimir-Zalessky, since in relation to Kyiv it was behind dense forests.
The two-word name was explained by the fact that in the South-West of Russia on the Luga River at that time there was still the city of Vladimir-Volynsky, now it is the territory of the Volyn region in Ukraine.
Unlike Vladimir-on-Klyazma, the name of the city of Vladimir-Volynsky was officially fixed.
Vladimir-on-Klyazma became famous for being the capital of northeastern Russia in the 12th-13th centuries. The city is located on a triangular cape, in the place where the Lybed river flows into the Klyazma.
The history of the formation of Vladimir-on-Klyazma
The first parking lots in this area appeared about 30-25 thousand years BC. e, later the Volga-Finnish tribes and the Finno-Ugric tribe Merya settled here. The Slavs settled in this region in the 9th-10th centuries.
In the second half of the 11th century, the Rostov-Suzdal lands passed to the son of Yaroslav the Wise - Vsevolod, and then to the eldest son of Vsevolod - Vladimir Monomakh.
- Vladimir Monomakh in 1108, on the site of one of the settlements, located on a steep hill on the banks of the Klyazma, founded the city of Vladimir, which became the capital of North-Eastern Russia and was of great importance in the development of the history and culture of Russia. This is the traditional version of the founding of the city
- In the 1990s, Vladimir local historians, based on the study of several ancient chronicles, came to the conclusion that the city was founded earlier - in 990 by Prince Vladimir Svyatoslavovich, during the baptism of Russia and who was called the Red Sun.
It was thanks to the efforts of Vladimir Monomakh that the city was fortified and became a stronghold for the protection of the Rostov-Suzdal Principality.
The first fortress was built on a steep hill surrounded by the Klyazma and Lybed rivers and deep ravines. Where there were no natural barriers, deep ditches were dug. The fortifications stretched for two and a half kilometers, they were earthen ramparts, wooden walls and towers. Under Monomakh, the first stone church was built in the name of the Savior.
Later, under Yuri Dolgoruky, the youngest son of Vladimir Monomakh, a stone church was built in the name of the Holy Great Martyr George the Victorious - the heavenly patron of Prince Yuri Vladimirovich. Both of these churches have not survived.
Vladimir-on-Klyazma - the capital of the principality
In 1157, after the death of Yuri Dolgorukov, his son Andrei Bogolyubsky became the Vladimir-Suzdal prince and transferred the capital of North-Eastern Russia to Vladimir.
Under Prince Andrei Bogolyubsky in 1158-1160, the white-stone Assumption Cathedral was erected.
Vladimir was built up, in its western part the so-called New town. To protect it, Prince Andrei erected additional defensive structures. The new city was surrounded by fortifications in the form of ramparts about 9 meters high, on which wooden walls and four gate towers were built. Wooden towers were called "Volga", "Irinina" and "Copper".
For the main entrance to the ancient city from the west, from the side of Moscow, the front white-stone Golden Gates with the gate church of the Deposition of the Robe of the Most Holy Theotokos were placed. To enter Vladimir from the east, at the bridge over the Lybed River, on the road to Nizhny Novgorod, Suzdal and the princely castle in Bogolyubovo, the Silver Gate was installed. The path to the craft settlements led through the Copper Gate. Yes, only the Golden Gate has survived to this day.
Golden Gate
The Golden Gate was distinguished by its height, slender proportions and rich decoration. The huge oak doors of the gate were covered with gilded bronze sheets, thanks to which the gate got its name. The wooden walls of the fortress of the New City adjoined the gate.
According to legend, Prince Andrei, who sincerely loved the city, wanted to please the townspeople and open the Golden Gate on the feast of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary. The builders did not wait for the building to shrink and immediately after the masonry was completed, they hung the gate. As a result, the doors fell and crushed 12 citizens.
Then the prince prayed to the Queen of Heaven, asking her to save the victims: "If You do not save these people, I, a sinner, will be guilty of their death." Andrei's prayer was heard and a miracle happened: when the gates were raised, it turned out that all the people crushed by them remained alive and unharmed.
After the assassination of Andrei Bogolyubsky in 1174, his younger brother Vsevolod the Big Nest, who was also called Vsevolod III, took the throne.
Vladimir-on-Klyazma atVsevolod the Big Nest
Vsevolod the Big Nest, who received the name of Dmitry Solunsky at baptism, was one of the most powerful Russian princes. It was he who was the first to be given the title of "great", which was later assigned to the Vladimir princes. During the reign of Vsevolod the Big Nest, the city reached its greatest prosperity.
- In 1194-1196, white-stone fortifications of the Vladimir citadel were erected, which has a gate resembling the Golden Gate
- The Nativity Monastery with a white-stone church was also built, where in 1263 they buried outstanding commander Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky. Later, his holy relics were transferred to the Alexander Nevsky Monastery in St. Petersburg.
- In the name of the heavenly patron of the prince, the Great Martyr Demetrius of Thessalonica, the white-stone Dmitrovsky Cathedral was built. Small in size, decorated with beautiful stone carvings, the temple is slender and majestic.
After the death of Vsevolod III in 1212, the Vladimir principality was no longer united, it was divided into the destinies of the sons of the prince, in connection with which discord among the representatives of the Vladimir dynasty began.
But even in this difficult time, new temples were built in the city. The capital of North-Eastern Russia was beautiful city, consisting of three parts, each of which was separated from the other by fortress walls.
In its central part, in the Middle City, there was a stone citadel, and stone temples towered behind its wall. Outside the citadel, the Church of the Exaltation was built, and in the New Town - the female Assumption Knyaginin Monastery. The length of the walls and ramparts of the city was about 7 kilometers.
The capture of Vladimir-on-Klyazma by the Mongol-Tatars
In the winter of 1237-1238, the Mongol-Tatars began to attack Russia. Ryazan and Moscow, Kolomna and other cities became their victims. In February 1238, their hordes approached Vladimir. At that time, Prince Georgy Vsevolodovich was not in the city, he went north, to the banks of the Sit River, to gather an army.
The defense of the city was led by his sons - Vsevolod and Mstislav, who decided to fight to the end and it would be better to die in front of the Golden Gate for the Holy Mother of God than to surrender to the enemy. The city put up fierce resistance to the Mongols, not only Russian chroniclers, but also Eastern authors wrote about this.
The enemies could not take the fortress by storm, and then, using wall-beating guns, they broke through the fortress wall in the Spas area and entered the city. The captured defenders of Vladimir were brutally destroyed, for the princes and nobility there was also no exception.
important historical event began moving in 1325 from Vladimir to Moscow, Metropolitan Peter. At the same time, Dmitry Donskoy achieved recognition of hereditary rights to Vladimir from all neighboring princes and the Horde, which meant the merger of the Moscow and Vladimir principalities.
Vladimir is gradually losing his significance. In the XIV-XV centuries, the most revered icons were taken from its cathedrals to Moscow - the image of the Mother of God of Vladimir and the image of the Holy Great Martyr Demetrius of Thessalonica.
Since the overthrow of the Mongol-Tatar yoke at the end of the 15th century, Vladimir has ceased to stand out from a number of other cities in Central Russia. And the memory of the grand principality is often associated with the unpleasant fact of the dependence of the Russian princes on the Golden Horde khans, who issued permission to reign.
Vladimir-on-Klyazma is the capital of Russia in the XII-XIII centuries, a city famous for its historical and architectural monuments, many of which were built, suffered from fires and robberies, and then restored again, reminding us of what Vladimir was like 800 years ago.
Cities on the Klyazma
On the river there are big cities, like Dolgoprudny, Shchelkovo, Korolev, Losino-Petrovsky, Noginsk, Pavlovsky Posad, Orekhovo-Zuevo, Sobinka, Vladimir, Kovrov, Vyazniki, Gorokhovets.About 1.7 million people live along the banks of the river. And in the river basin - more than 3.3 million.
Dolgoprudny - a city of regional subordination in the Moscow region of Russia, located 18 km to the north along railway from the Savelovsky railway station of the city of Moscow on the Klyazma river. Adjacent to Moscow in the north, to Khimkam in the northeast and to the Northern District of Moscow in the west; bounded by the Moscow Canal from the north and west. At different times, the settlement of Khlebnikovo, the village of Paveltsevo, the working settlement of Sheremetevsky, located in the north behind the Moscow Canal, were included in the city. Population (2011) - 91.3 thousand people. (2010 - 84.4 thousand people, 2004 - 74 thousand, 1991 - 71.1 thousand, 1970 - 53 thousand, 1938 - 8 thousand)
Shchyolkovo - city of district subordination in the Moscow region of Russia. The administrative center of the Shchyolkovsky district. The largest settlement of the municipality "Urban settlement Shchelkovo". Population - 108,056 people (2010). City area - 28.10 km². It is located 13 km northeast of Moscow, on the Klyazma River. Railway stations Sokolovskaya, Voronok, Shchelkovo, Gagarinskaya, Chkalovskaya, Bakhchivandzhi, within the city on the line Mytishchi - Monino, Yaroslavl direction. On the southeastern outskirts of the city is the Chkalovsky military airfield.
Korolev - (founded on December 26, 1938; until July 8, 1996 - Kaliningrad) - city and regional subordination in the Moscow region of Russia, science city (since April 12, 2001). Forms the city district of the same name. Population - 183,398 (2011). Korolyov is often unofficially called the space capital of Russia. Korolev cooperates with 52 cities from 26 countries in the field of economy, education, culture, healthcare and trade. Forests within the city occupy an area of 3800 hectares. Also within the city there is a part of the tract "Yauzsky wetland complex".
Losino-Petrovsky - a city of regional subordination in the Moscow region of Russia, 24 km northeast of Moscow, on the Klyazma River. Located 3 km from the railway station Monino. The name until 1928 was Elk Sloboda. Until 1996, the city was part of the Shchelkovsky district, at the present time it is an independent municipality "Losino-Petrovsky Urban District". It borders on the Shchelkovsky Noginsky districts of the Moscow region. Population 22.4 thousand people (2010).
Noginsk - a city in Russia, the administrative center of the Noginsk district of the Moscow region, the largest settlement of the municipality "Urban settlement of Noginsk". Population - 99,762 (2010 census). The city is located on the Klyazma River (a tributary of the Oka), 51 km (35 from the Moscow Ring Road) east of Moscow, on the northwestern border of the Meshcherskaya lowland.
Pavlovsky Posad - a city in the Moscow Region, the center of the Pavlovo-Posadsky District. It is located at the confluence of the Vokhnya and Klyazma rivers, 68 km east of Moscow. Included in the municipality "Urban settlement Pavlovsky Posad". Population - 63.7 thousand people. (2011). The city is known for its textile industry, primarily for the production of Pavlovo Posad shawls and shawls.
Orekhovo-Zuevo - a city of regional subordination in the Moscow region of Russia, 89 km east of the center of Moscow (78 km from the Moscow Ring Road), on the Klyazma River. It is the center of the Orekhovo-Zuevskaya agglomeration with a population of 276 thousand people. Population 121.1 thousand people (2010).
Petushki - a city in the Russian Federation, the administrative center of Petushinsky District, Vladimir Region, forms municipality"City of Petushki". Population 15,148 inhabitants (2010). Petushki are located on the left bank of the riverKlyazma (Volga basin), 67 km southwest of Vladimir, 120 km east of Moscow.
Sobinka - a city in Russia, the administrative center of the Sobinsky district of the Vladimir region. Forms the urban settlement "City of Sobinka". Population - 19,482 people (2010). Located 37 km southwest ofVladimir, on the right bank of the Klyazma River (a tributary of the Oka), in the northwestern part of the Meshchera lowland.
Vladimir
- a historical city in Russia, the administrative center of the Vladimir region. It is located mainly on the left bank of the Klyazma River, 176 km east of Moscow. The ancient capital of North-Eastern Russia; one of the largest tourist centers in the country; is part of the Golden Ring of Russia. Transport hub on the road (M7 "Volga") and railway (Moscow - Nizhny Novgorod: Vladimir station) highways.
City area: 308 km². The population according to Rosstat as of January 1, 2012 is 345.9 thousand people.
Starodub on Klyazma - ancient Russian city - capitalStarodubsky principality (1218 - the beginning of the XV century) and the center of the Russian Opol in the XII-XIV centuries. The city was located on the banks of the Klyazma River, 12 kilometers northeast of the modern city of Kovrov, Vladimir Region. Currently, the village of Klyazminsky Gorodok, Kovrov District, Vladimir Region, is located here.
Kovrov - city in Russia, the administrative center of the Kovrovsky district of the Vladimir region (not part of the district). A major railway junction on the Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod line. Population 145,214 (2010). Kovrov bears the honorary title of the City of Military Glory (Decree of the President Russian Federation dated November 3, 2011 No. 1456). The city is located on the right bank of the Klyazma River (a tributary of the Oka), 64 km from Vladimir and 250 km northeast of Moscow.